Sie sind auf Seite 1von 25

Chapter 10 Section 1

BACTERIA & ARCHAEA


Objectives

 Describe the characteristics of prokaryotes

 Explain how prokaryotes reproduce

 Relate the characteristics of archaea


Quick Questions…

 Question: How much bacteria are in a


handful of soil? A single gram of soil?

 Question: What are the 2 single-celled


organisms without a nucleus?

 Question: What are 3 shapes of bacteria?


Domains:

 All living things fit into one of three domains:


 Bacteria

 Archaea

 Eukarya

 Bacteria & Archaea are single-celled


organisms – the oldest forms of life on Earth
http://www.windows.ucar.edu/earth/Life/images/domains_sm.gif
Characteristics:

 More bacteria on Earth than any other living


thing

 Too small to be seen without a microscope

 Not all the same size (some are actually quite


large!)
 Ex: Found inside the surgeonfish Fig. 1, pg. 246
Giant Bacteria (o.6mm long)

http://www.epscor.dbi.udel.edu/outreach/science/images/02_EpulopisciumFischelsoni2.jpg

http://saltwater-aquarium-guide.net/images/blue-tang.jpg
3 Main Shapes:

 Rod shaped (bacilli)

 Spherical (cocci)

 Spiral shaped (spirilla)

 All have a rigid cell wall that gives them their


shape
Bacilli

http://www.uga.edu/caur/bacteria.jpg http://faculty.marianopolis.edu/bio-nya/bacilli1000X.jpg
Cocci

http://www.bacteria-world.com/cocci-bacteria-bloom.jpg http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/1110Lab/notes/notes1/labpics/Cocci%20100x.jpg
Spirilla

http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/labs/spirilla.jpg
http://www.nzetc.org/etexts/Bio18Tuat03/Bio18Tuat03_104a(h280).jpg
A look at all three…

http://www.ilri.org/InfoServ/Webpub/Fulldocs/ILCA_Manual4/images/FIG%207%20P16.gif
No nucleus!

 Prokaryotes

 Function as independent organisms


 May form strands or films

 Simpler and smaller than eukaryotes

 Reproduce differently than eukaryotes


Prokaryote Reproduction

 Binary Fission: single-celled organisms split


into 2 single-celled organisms

 DNA is not surrounded by a nucleus


(membrane)

 DNA is in circular loops


Binary Fission:

 1st step: Cell’s DNA is copied; DNA binds to


different places on the inside of the cell
membrane

 Next step: loops of DNA separate as cell gets


larger

 Finally: when cell is about double in size the


membrane pinches inward; new cell wall forms &
separated into 2 new cells (each with any exact
copy)
Binary Fission:

http://diverge.hunter.cuny.edu/~weigang/Images/06-11_binaryfission_1.jpg
Endospores

 Most bacteria do well in warm, moist places

 Some bacteria die in cold, dry places

 Bacteria become inactive and form endospores


 a thick-walled protective spore that forms inside a
bacterial cell and resists harsh conditions
 Contains genetic material and proteins

 When conditions improve endopores break open


and bacteria become active again
Prehistoric Bacteria:
“trapped”

http://museumvictoria.com.au/prehistoric/images/mn005267_sm.jpg

http://www.micro.cornell.edu/cals/micro/research/labs/angert-lab/images/endospore.jpg
The Domain Bacteria:

 Has more individuals than all other domains


combined do

 Classified by the way they get food


 Consumers
 Decomposers
 Producers
 Ex: Cyanobacteria
Cyanobacteria

 Producers

 Usually live in water

 Contain chlorophyll (blue, green, and red


pigments)

 Possibly gave rise to the 1st plants on Earth


Cyanobacteria: many forms

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_puTVILFyI9M/SAS85CLxr9I/AAAAAAAAAHg/_gJlmw0yUC0/s320/Cyanobacteria-Types.jpg
The Domain Archaea:

 3 main types:
 Heat lovers
 Very hot water (60˚ - 80˚C or more than 250˚C)

 Salt lovers
 Live in Dead Sea & Great Salt Lake

 Methane makers
 Live in swamps & animal intestines
Archaea

 Can live where nothing else can

 Usually with little or no oxygen

 Beneath 430m of ice in Antarctica; 8km below


the Earth’s surface; in the Earth’s oceans

 Not all archaea have cell walls; the walls are


chemically different than bacteria
Hot springs Archaea

http://www.popsci.com/files/imagecache/article_image_large/files/articles/hotspring_800.jpg
Quick Quiz:

 How are prokaryotes different than


eukaryotes?

 What are the 2 main types of archaea?

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen