Current trendsinRoadsafety managementandgovernance

SylvainLassarre GRETTIAIFSTTAR

 Risk regulation regime

Concepts R4inaction:Sweden,Netherlands,UK

Roadsafety management Evidencebased policy Roadsafety governance Evidenceinformed practice Conclusion

Risk regulation
Roadaccidentis asociotechnical risk that hastobe regulated bystateauthorities Roadsafety is
a(quasi)publicgood(Nonexcludable andnonrivalrous) (social/club).Like fresh air. Oramerit good(peopleunderestimate thebenefit ,with>0socialexternalities).Like education. Underconsumed ifprivate.

Implies aroadsafety policy andinstitutionsdesign Theshape of

themanagementprocess (institutions) thegovernance process (publicpolicy) variesaccording tocountriesandintime

Contingentvaluation
Willingness topay toreduce therisk ofbeing killed orinjured inanaccident Valueofastatistical life

 Theregulationcanbecharacterizedasa combinationofthethreecomponentsofrisk controlthatare:

collectionofinformationonrisksforthe monitoringofsystemstatusandaction, settinggoalsandstandardsthroughaprocess cost/efficiency,forexample, individualandorganisational behaviorchangeof usersandmanagersbypreventive(compliance)or repressive(deterrence)activities.

Multilevel approach
Policysettings(government/governance) Organisational settings(publicservicemanagers) Frontlinepractitionners Wide rangeofprofessionnals inroadsafety services Engineering(Highway /street,Vehicle design) Enforcement Education(driving learning)

3E
Emergency Transportation Urban planning Health Insurance NGOs Private companies (carmanufacturers,transportationfirms,telephone companies,roadconstruction,motorways companies)

Rasmussen

Risk regulation regimes

Three shapers (Hoodandal.)
Market andcivillaw processfailure pressures.Ina perfect liberal market,risk is factored through prices (product,contract,insurance) Opinionresponsivepressures.Democracy and media Interestdriven pressures.Corporatism.Lobbies.

Context

andContentofR4
Policysettings ConfigurationofState andinsitutions engaged directly inregulation Attitudesand representations ofthe regulators

Typesandlevels ofrisk Publicattitudesand preferences overrisk Networkofactors who produce andare affected byrisk

PhilipDavies

RoadRisk Regulation Regime

Structur al sub-regime governance Environ ment Functionnal sub-regime rgulation

Institutions Context o f action Field

Behavior Attitude

Safety Norm s

Trafic s afety Safety Domains

Ris ks Road users Producers

Deaths

Actors

Time

R.Delorme,S.Lassarre

Themanyactiveactorsandthe complexityofthepolicynetworks

SandraNutleyandal.UsingEvidence

Actors Fields Road users Government Local authorities 1. Education 2. Training 3. InformationCommunication 4. Vehicles 5. Infrastructures (roads, streets) 6. Road traffic engineering Management of mobility 7. Prevention, insurance business 8. Control and enforcement Regulation. Justice and courts 9. Emergency rescue 10.Hospital 11. Information research * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Other: NGOs, etc. * * * * Road safety actors

SUNflower Sweden,Netherlands,UK
Visionzero inSweden Sustainable safety inNetherlands Holistic approach inUK
Ezra Hauer Safety.transportation.org/.../web 9%20Lessons%20Learned%20 White%20Paper.pdf
Koornstra, M., Lynam, D., Nillson, G., No ordzij, P., Pettersson, H.E., Wegman, F., Wouters, P., 2002 .SUNfl ower : a comparative study of the development of road safety in Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands. SWOV, Leidschendam.

Visionzero

Sustainable safety
Roadsafety policy evolves with scientific paradigms onroadsafety

Holistic approach

Safe systemasaninternational normativeapproach

OECD(2008)Towards Zero :Ambitious road safety targets through a safe systemapproch

TonyBliss JeanBreen WBGRSP

Themanagementsystemofroad safety

Suchasystemreliesonaleadagencywhichhas enoughpowertocontrolit(interministerial)
Afirstsetoftencriterianotedonascale (yes,part,being,not)isrelatedtothefocuson resultsatthesystemlevelasawhole(theexistence ofstatisticsandtargets,sharingofresponsibilities betweenagenciesandother stakeholders,applicationofstandardsbyrisk category(speed,alcohol,protection,fatigue)andis decomposedbyinstrumentsforinfrastructure (evaluation,audit,inspection,blackspots). Asecondsetisonthreeareasofintervention(safety standardsandtypesofrules,requiredlevelsof performanceandcomplianceregimes).

 Athirdsetappliestothesixfunctions.Eachfunction isdisaggregatedintocoordinationsubfunctions: horizontal,vertical,withtheprivatesectorandnon governmentalorganizations,andwiththe Parliament. Afourthsetisfortheroleoftheagencyinchargeof roadsafetyinrelationtothesevenfunctions.

Datacollection

ISO39001:2012
RoadTraffic Safety (RTS)managementsystem Requirements with guidanceforuse Forallorganisationsthat interact with theroadtraffic systemtoreduce deathsa nd serious injuriesrelated to roadtraffic crasheswhich it can influence. Parallel with
ISO9001:2008Quality managementsystems Requirements ISO14001:2004Environmental managementsystems Requirements with guidanceforuse

Notwith ISO31010:2009Risk assessmentRisk managementtechniques

Basicsofroadsafety management
Visionforroadsafety Targets for reduction indeath deaths reduction inserious injuries other quantitativeindicators Nationalroadsafetyprogramme oractionplan Political leadership

RichardAllsop ETSCPinProgramme

From strategy toaction

Institutional roles andresponsability (lead agency) Funding forroadsafety Accidentandcasualty data(accessibility) Research (capability andknowledge transfer) BestpracticesExchange Research Scientific choice ofmeasures Publicandprivate sector awareness andinvolvement

Evidencebased policy ?

KevinKrizek

Chapelon,J.,Lassarre,S.,(2010)Road safetyinFrance:Thehardpathtoward sciencebasedpolicy.Safety Sci.,doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2010.04.015.

What works ?
Effectiveness Efficiency Acceptability RuneElvik,Truls Vaa Thehandbook ofroad safety measures Worldreportoninjury prevention (WHO) Sharingroadsafety (CMF),OECD

Switzerland KatrinFrey

Implementation andupdating

Moreongovernance
Includes
Accountability (governement totheir public) Transparency Effectivebureaucracy Centralisation/decentralisation Regulatory quality (Insurance quality and standardisation) Political checks andbalance(activecivil society,independent media) Rule oflaw

Political analytical capacities Governement,Parliament,NGO

SourceGDNandWorlddevelopment reportonservice delivery forthepoor

Informationtoconsumers
EuroNCAP(5starscars)European newcar assessment programme(International associationwith 7europen governments plus associations)
Internal protection Pedestrianprotection Safetyoriented driving aids

IRAP(5starsroads)InternationalRoad Assessment Programme(acharity)

Knowledge
Notlimited toscientific knowledge (Other typesof knowledge) Uncertainty ofscientific knowledge Trustinquality (experimental designrare)

BrianHead

Evidenceinformed practice

From hardtosoftpower

SandraNutley

(Inter)Sectoral tomultifaceted policy

Integration with other policies
Transportationandmobility (accessibility) Urban development (amenity andseverance) Environment Health (physical andmental)

Timescales andstrategies
Structuralfactors (longterm) Representational andOrganisational factors (mediumterm) Behavioral andPolitical factors (shortterm)

Surveyonsocialrepresentationsofspeedandaprioriacceptability ofLAVIA(Pianelli,2008)
PRUDENTS
(53%)

DEFIANTS
(12%)

HEDONISTS
(12%)

PRAGMATICS
(23%)

Danger

Danger Pleasure

Pleasure Rapidity Gaining time

Rapidity Gaining time Enforcement Vigilance

Table1.Centralcoreofthefourrepresentationsofspeed

100% 90% Percentage of drivers 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Prudents

25% 47% 55% 39% 14% 20%

Defiants

27%

37%

Favorable (Yes, certainly) Hesitant (Yes, perhaps) Opposite (No)

Apriori acceptability ofLAVIA

49%

44%

24%
Hedonists

19%
Pragmatics

Figure 1. A priori acceptability of LAVIA for each groups of drivers

Funding
Pressureandcompetition between sectoral andintersectoral ,nationalandregional budgets Taxes Special taxesongasoline,roaduse Speedoffensesandautomatic enforcement system

Conclusion
Each countryfinds its own way Normativemodels from internationalinstitutions (WorldBank,WHO,ISO) Past economic rationality Cost/benefits and technocratic stance(rationalprogramming)nomore dominant ReplacebyNewPublicManagement(servicesdelivery andperformanceindicators) Participativegovernance,concurrentresearch and integrative policy ontheway forsustainable development Risk regulation,accountability nd funding