A STUDY OF EFFECTIVENESS OF A PROGRAMME TO IMPROVE FOUR DIGIT NUMBERS SUBTRACTION OF 3rd STD STUDENTS.

THIS REPORT IS SUBMITTED FOR THE PARTICAL FULFILLMENT OF THE D.T.ED COURSE

BY Rehana Rajjak Tamboli

Std : S.Y.D.T.Ed Div: B Roll No. 22

GUIDED BY MRS. Shehnaz Khan

YEAR 2012- 2013

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SELF DECLARATION
I here by Rehana Rajjak Tamboli declare that I completed this study on A Study of Effectiveness of A Programme To Improve Four Digit Numbers Subtraction of a 3rd Std Students.at Maharshi Harkadas English Medium School.

On the basis of relevant source material and the field work that I had carried out in school. The data collected and conclusion drawn in dissertation are my own and they are not copied from others. The books articles referred to are listed in bibliography and question are acknowledged.

Place : Pune Date :

Researcher Rehana Rajjak Tamboli

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
My heartfelt gratitude to my guide Prof. Shehnaz Mam for their valuable guidance, concrete suggestions and encouragement in bringing out study to stature.

I am also thankful to all professors of M.C.E. Society Jr. College of education and all the student of this school without whose co-operation and help this study work and experiments would not have been possible.

I we special thanks to my friend and class mates who have given me co-operation to complete the Research Report.

Researcher Rehana Rajjak Tamboli

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CERTIFICATE
This is to certified that Miss. Rehana Rajjak Tamboli has done her work presented of research A Study of Effectiveness of a Programme To Improve Four Digit Numbers Subtraction of Std 3rd Student in Maharshi Harkadas English Medium School. And this is prepared by for practical of Action Research and it is compulsory work for the D.T.Ed Course under my guidance and supervision and is being submitted to D.T.Ed Pune.

For Academic Year 2012 2013

Place : Pune Date : Guide Shehnaz Mam

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Index
Sr.no NAME OF THE CHAPTER FIRST PAGE DECLARATION CERTIFICATE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT CHAPTER NO. - 1 INTRODUCTION RESEARCH NEED AND IMPORTANCE STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY ASSUMPTIONS AND HYPOTHESIS SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS CHAPTER NO. 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE INTRODUCTION REVIEW OF PREVIOUS LITERATURE INNOVATION IN RESEARCH WORK CHPATER NO. 3 METHODOLOGY INTRODUCTION METHODOLOGY RESEARCH POPULATION AND SAMPLE A) POPULATION B) SAMPLE TOOLS USED FOR DATA COLLECTION STATISTICAL TOOL PAGE NO.

7-14

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8

15-19

2.1 2.2 2.3

20-24

3.1 3.2 3.3

3.4 3.5

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IV 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4

CHAPTER NO. - 4 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION OF DATA PRESENTATION ANALYSIS OF DATA INTERPRETATION OF DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF TABLE

25-31

V 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4

CHAPTER NO. - 5 32-37 SUMMERY CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS SUMMARY CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTION FOR FUTURE RESEARCH REFERENCES AND APPENDIX LIST OF 42 REFERNCE BOOK

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CHAPTER NO. - 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 INTRODUCTION RESEARCH NEED AND IMPORTANCE STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY ASSUMPTIONS AND HYPOTHESIS SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

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1.1 Introduction

Mathematics is only subject that encourage and develop base of higher studies. Mathematics is core subject lays foundation for the study of all the other subject. Mathematics is base for higher level studies. There can be no true schooling without mathematics. It is also believed that mathematics is an exceptionally difficult subject.

It study require special abilities and intelligence therefore everybody is not able to learn it successfully. As well as Mathematics is man made. Mathematics has not become important only today but it occupied and kept his important place from the earliest times .and is perhaps the only subject which merits is distinction.

Mathematics touches our life at every point. Everyone uses some form of Mathematics directly or indirectly in his daily life. Mathematics plays a Predominant role in our life and it has become an important factor for the progress of our present say world. Mathematics is a subject in which the thinking process is involved. In math s subject students are introduced to numbers later on to addition, subtraction, Multiplication and then division. These are the basic of mathematics subject. A child does his calculations properly only if his base is proper. Mathematics knowledge is thus indispensable and no one can progress far if he has no mathematics knowledge.

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Mathematics plays an important role in our day-to-day life, mathematics helps us in personality development, social development, development for nation.

In early days, when education was considered only for the privileged classes, Mathematics was a compulsory subject. Plato advocated the inclusion of Mathematics reasoning disciplines the mind.

1.2 Need
Mathematics hold an important place in life. A small child needs to though basic fundamental operation like subtraction, subtraction, multiplication, division. Mathematics is related closely to all subject and basic knowledge of Mathematics. It played vital role ion teaching learning process so, the researcher need to study of a problem of four digit number subtraction. Todays education is child of centered all round development is the main aim of our education. If these basic operations are not cleared by the teachers students problem will not be solved. They will face the problem in further standards also. Mathematics is related to our day-to-day life. Mathematics holds an very important place in a mans life. Our day starts with the use of mathematics. The and exactness of mathematics is very essential. Our daily life would be incomplete without the use of mathematics.

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1.3 IMPORTANCE Mathematics is needed for social and finical development of a country. Mathematics is queen of all science. Mathematics touches our life at every point. Every one uses some form of mathematics directly or indirectly in his daily life. It our students are to function effectively in changing world they must understand mathematics. Doing subtraction sums is one part of the math s subject and is one of the basic operations. Mathematics play an important role in development of personality of an individual. Subtraction is the basic operation the 3rd standard students face problem of subtraction of 4 digit number because their 3 digit subtraction is not clear. Students will definitely face the problem in further studies as they have to learn 3 & 4 digit subtraction also. These will help the teachers to solve the problem and the society will have its benefit.

Review of literature
To undertake fundamental and applied research it is necessary to meticulously review the available research material. Researcher takes advantage of knowledge which has accumulated in the past result of constants human efforts.

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It can never be undertaken in the isolation of the world that has already been done on the problems which are directly or indirectly related to the study proposed by a researcher. A careful review of related literature journals, books, desecrations, thesis and other sources of information on the problem to be investigated is one of the important steps in planning of any research study. The information is collected through mathematics text.

1.4 STATEMENT OF AIM A study of effectiveness of a programe to improve four digit numbers subtraction of IIIrd std student in Maharshi Harkadas English Medium School.

1.5 Operational definition IIIrd std student :- After passing std IInd take admission in IIIrd std between age group 9-10 years. Subtraction: - To subtract numbers or things.

1.6 OBJECTIVES

To find out no of students who are faced of four digit subtraction.

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 To develop the programme to improve skill of four digit number subtraction. To study the effectiveness of programme.

1.7 ASSUMPTION AND HYPOTHESIS

Hypothesis: If the 3rd standard students are given training in subtraction of 4 digit numbers through developed program then their subtraction of 4 digit numbers will improve.

Null hypothesis: if the 3rd standard students are given training in subtraction of 4 digit numbers through developed program then their subtraction of 4 digit number will not improve.

ASSUMPTIONS They know fourth digit subtraction Student are from same socio economic problem Student will co-operate

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1.8 SCOPE & LIMITATIONS

SCOPE This research is beneficial for student in IIIrd std student. This research is beneficial for teacher. This research is beneficial for parents.

LIMITATION This research only limited to IIIrd std student. This research is only limited in school. This research is only limited to Maharshi Harkadas English Medium School.

Sampling Population
In research reliable conclusions are drawn regarding the properties of experimental group is called population. 3rd standard students of Maharshi Harkadas English Medium School.

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Sample
A sub group is selected from the population for the actual study called a sample is used. Such a sub group works as a representative of the population. 20 students of 3rd standard of Maharshi Harkadas English Medium School. A sample is a part of population. Every factor of the sample is from the population only. A sample is the basis for drawing conclusions regarding indications of the population.

Random Sampling Method

Random sampling is the process of selecting a sample in such a way that all individuals in the defined population have an equal and independent chance of being selected for the sample.

Research Method
The method used in this research is experimental method. The research in which effect of one factor on the other is studied is called experimental research. Experimental research is conducted to understand the effects of factors like teaching methods, educational instruments or tools used while teaching or the effect of number of students in the class.

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Chapter-II Review of Related Literature 2.1 Introductions. 2.2 Review of previous literature. 2.3 Novelty in research work and its usefulness. 2.4 Innovation and usefulness of research work.

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CHAPTER NO.2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 INTRODUCTION The review of related literature was found in different volumes of survey of education research by M.B Buch. The review of related & literature acquaints the researcher with the work done by other researcher which may be useful to conduct the research the review of related literature serve the following purposes like. It helps in limiting the problem & defining it in a better way. It helps in deciding the research methodology tools instruments of all the study. It helps to highlight the gaps in the existing knowledge.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE. 1) Mondkar S.M 1972 Factor analysis of some tests in number system in the mathematics syllabus prescribe from June 1972 for std 5th in the state of Maharashtra PH.D Bom U 1984.

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OBJECTIVES To find factors under trying the ability required to learn number systems. To prepare tests based on these factors. To analyze the test factor only.

2) RASTOGI . S Diagnosis of weaknesses in arithmetic as related to the basic arithmetic skill and their remedial measure Ph.D Edu Null.U. 1983

OBJECTIVES :1) To establish a relationship between achievement in mathematics and command over basic arithmetic skill. 2) To establish a relationship between achievement in mathematics and attitude towards mathematics.

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2.2 INNOVATION AND USEFULNESS

INNOVATION In Previous literature researcher found most work of research done on higher level student and for the research work experimental method was used. This research is new research as it is held primary level. This researcher used experimental method for research.

USEFULNESS This research is useful for teacher as they understand the difficult at the student while solving subtractional problem. This research is useful for D.T.Ed students as they understand where the student find difficulty while solve the subtractional problem.

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Procedure of Research:
The following flow chart depicts the procedure for the Action Research study:

Preparation and finalisation of Tools

Preparation and Finalisation of programme

Execution of Pre-test

Execution of Programme

Execution of Post test

Analysis and Interpretation of Data

Conclusion

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Chapter-III Implementation of Research:3.1 Research Methodology 3.2 Sample 3.3 Tools and Techniques 3.4 Remedial Measures

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CHAPTER 3. IMPLEMENTATION OF RESEARCH

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION:In previous chapter research has taken review of has taken review of related literature in this chapter researcher has given the detail information about methodology and procedure. Research is systematic activity or attempt to obtain the answer of meaningful questions educational phenomenon events and structure. John W. Best. Research in education as secret of our cultural development has been research pushing back the real of ignorance by discovering new truths alternative to truth.

3.1 METHODS OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH There are various method at educational research such as Methods of research Experimental Method

Descriptive Method

Historical Method

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DESIGN In the design researcher arranged programme of 6 day and also she take Pre-test and post-test Two group are formed and according to it we take the practice. E E T1 T2 = = = = T1 T2

Experimental Pre-test Post-test

POPULATION

The population of all student of IIIrd Std in Maharshi Harkadas English Medium School 3.2 SAMPLE The researcher was select only 20 Students in Maharshi Harkadas English Medium School.

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3.3 TOOLS According to Wilkinson and Bhandarkar as questionnaire is a tool. Which consist of a definite order and the respondents have to questionnaire themselves. The respondents are free to express their view and can also take their own time in filling the questionnaire. Questionnaire that call for short checkmark response are known as the restricted or closed form type. The open form or unrestricted questionnaire call for a free response in the respondents own words.

3.4 REMEDIAL MEASUREMENT

Statistical tool in important tool used in action research to analyzed the information because it is necessary to analyzed complied information in action research. This required to search the correct meaning from the information The researcher was used percentage for analyzing the information.

PERCENTAGE:This is simple mathematical process. This is used to calculate the skill of student

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PROCEDURE:To research on this problem researcher conducted research in Researcher Maharshi Harkadas English Medium School Prepared questionnaire to know the understanding level of student. Questionnaire consisted of 20 questions stress on to find the students difficulties. Programme

Days 1st Day

Time 10 to 10:30

Treatment Researcher take pre-test Researcher taught rules & regulation Researcher taught rules & regulation Researcher gives Practice Researcher gives Practice Researcher take Post-test

Duration 30 min 30 min 30 min 30 min 30 min 30 min

2nd Day 10 to 10:30 3rd Day 10 to 10:30

3rd Day 10:30 to 11 5th Day 6th Day 10:30 to 11 10:30 to 11

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Chapter IV Collection of information and data its synthesis and analysis 4.1 presentation of information and data 4.2 analysis and interpretation 4.3 Conclusion

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Chapter 4
4.1 PRESENTATION ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION OF DATA. The researcher conducted a pre-test to check how much the student knew and developed a programme and taught the student easy way to recall the symbols and then conducted a post test the following is the performance of the students in the test conducted.

Sr. No.

Names of Student

Pre-test Q1 4 6 3 4 7 4 5 6 6 5 5 2 2 2 6 0 7 2 3 7 110

Post-test Q2 6 8 4 3 8 3 7 7 8 7 6 5 4 1 8 2 9 5 3 8 144

Deference between D Pre-test &Post-test Di(Q2-Q1)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20

Kiran Gote Kunal Deshmukh Moin Shaikh Mahima Nawale Mahesh Binnar Neha Pade Pratesh Umrani Priya Deshmukh Namdas Nawale Raja Bhalgot Ruchira Dhumal Rushikesh Nawale Ardhuti bangal Akash Bhalgat Amit Pawar Avinash Satpute Baban Nawale Bhushan Khadgir Chiteachera Naik Dipika Ghule

2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 3 2 1 1 2 2 3 0 1 39

4 4 1 1 1 1 4 1 4 4 1 9 4 1 4 4 4 9 0 1 78

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4.2 ANALYSIS OF DATA Introduction: Merely collection of data is not the aim of any researcher activity, instead of the collected data must be used establish relationship between two or more variables and the test the hypothesis. The term analysis means the computation of certain measures or indices along with searching patterns of relationships that exists among data groups. In this process, some statistical methods are used to make data meaningful.

Statistics is an efficient tool in the analysis of the research data. The very purpose of the statistics is to aid research. Statistics are to the researcher what tools are to a carpenter.

Pre Test Mean = 1) = 4.58 Post-Test Mean =

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2) = 6 From eqn, 1 &II Post test marks > Pre test marks Q1 = 110 Q2 = 144 D = 39 D2 = 78 N = 24 t =

( )

t =

t =

t =

t =
t value = 9.89

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4.3 INTERPRETATION OF DATA Percentage of pre-test marks.

TotalMarksofStudent 100 TotalNumberofStudent TotalMarksofExam

113 100 20 400 113 80

= 1.41

Percentage of post test marks.

225 100 20 400 225 80

= 2.80

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4.4 ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF TABLE Comparison of Scores Of Pre-Test And Post-Test
400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1 2

Series1

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Graph 2 :- Comparison Of Marks Of Pre-Test And Pos-Test Of Each Student

30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Series1 Series2

Y = 1cm = 1 percentage X = 2cm = test TABLE 1 Comparison of Mean of pre-test and post-test. Sr. No. Ml M2 Pre-Test 4.58 Post-Test 6.00

4.3 Conclusion: Once the researcher applies the remedial measures to solve the maths problem and had checked whether the goals are achieved according to the objectives. The researcher being a pupil teacher herself gained better insightful into the matter and improvise her.

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Chapter V Summary Conclusion Recommendation 5.1 Summary 5.2 Conclusion 5.3 Recommendation 5.4 Suggestion for further research

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CHAPTER N0. 5
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1

SUMMARY

Introduction
Mathematics is only subject that encourage and develop base of higher studies. Mathematics is core subject lays foundation for the study of all the other subject. Mathematics is base for higher level studies. There can be no true schooling without mathematics. It is also believed that mathematics is an exceptionally difficult subject.

Need
Mathematics hold an important place in life. A small child needs to though basic fundamental operation like subtraction, subtraction, multiplication, division. Mathematics is a subject which is related to calculations and numerical operations. In Mathematics addition, subtraction, multiplication, divisions are the 4 basic fundamental rules/ operations. If these basic operations are not cleared by the teachers students problem will not be solved.

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IMPORTANCE Mathematics is needed for social and finical development of a country. Mathematics is queen of all science.

We know that Mathematics is very important in our life. From ancient times we calculate Mathematics and do basic operations. Mathematics is not only important in the academically but is also important in day-to-day life. Doing subtraction sums is one part of the Mathematics subject and is one of the basic operations.

STATEMENT OF AIM A study of effectiveness of a programe to improve four digit numbers subtraction of IIIrd std student.

OPERATIONAL DEFINITION IIIrd std student :- After passing std IInd students take admission in IIIrd std between age group 8-9 years.

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OBJECTIVES To find out no of students who are faced of four digit subtraction. To develop the programme to improve skill of four digit number subtraction.

Hypothesis: If the 3rd standard students are given training in subtraction of 4 digit numbers through developed program then their subtraction of 4 digit numbers will improve. Null hypothesis: if the 3rd standard students are given training in subtraction of 4 digit numbers through developed program then their subtraction of 4 digit number will not improve.

ASSUMPTION They know fourth digit subtraction Student are from same socio economic problem Student will co-operate

SCOPE This research is beneficial for student in IIIrd Std student. This research is beneficial for teacher. This research is beneficial for parents.

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LIMITATION This research only limited to 3rd std student. This research is only limited in school. This research is only limited to Maharshi Harkadas English Medium School..

5.2

CONCLUSION

The teacher procedure being according to the surrounding atmosphere and the learning of the student the teacher became influential and the students inspiration was increased consequently the student with more activeness enthusiasm and confidence increase their interest in teaching subject of mathematic.

5.3 1

RECOMMENDATION The effective teaching method should use for teaching mathematics subject like analysis and synthesis method, experimental method.

Teachers should remove fear about Mathematics subject from the minds of the Student.

Teacher gives extra practice to the student for solving their difficulties.

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5.4 SUGGESTION FOR FURTHER RESEARCH

1} A comparative study may be conduction to find out the effectiveness of teaching method for the 3rd Standard 2} A survey can be done to create awareness among the students. 3} A comparative study can be conducted to find out the reason for their

mistakes doing in the fundamental calculations.

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REFERENCE BOOK 1} Sudhir Kumar and B.N Ratnalikar Teaching of mathematics New

Delhi, Anmol publication second revised education 2009

2}

S.M Agarwal, (2005)Teaching of modern mathematic, New Delhi

Dhanpat Rai publish Co.

3} Prot. Arivnd L. Kolole and Prof Bansi Pandit Prakashan

Pune Nirali

4}

W.N Dandekar (2004) Evauation in School Pune Reprint Shirividya

Prakashan

5}

S. Dkhanna, V.R Saxena, T.P Lamba and V Murthy teaching of

mathematics, New Delhi Doaba House Publication.

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Appendices (A) QUESTIONNAIRE 1} Do you like mathematic subject?

2} Can you solve the basic thing in mathematic?

3} Can you solve the 4 digit number subtraction?

4} solve the problems given?

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Appendix (B) QUESTIONNAIRE 1} Can you solve the 4 digit number subtraction?

2} Can you solve the 4 digit number subtraction?

3} Solve the problems

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APPENDIX LIST
Sr. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20 Names of Student Kiran Gote Kunal Deshmukh Moin Shaikh Mahima Nawale Mahesh Binnar Neha Pade Pratesh Umrani Priya Deshmukh Namdas Nawale Raja Bhalgot Ruchira Dhumal Rushikesh Nawale Ardhuti bangal Akash Bhalgat Amit Pawar Avinash Satpute Baban Nawale Bhushan Khadgir Chiteachera Naik Dipika Ghule

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Bibliography
Prof. Mrunalini Salve; mathematics text book of F.Y.D.T.Ed. Prof. Nirali Prakeshan; Action Research John.W.Best & James.v.Kahn; Research in education 7th Edition. John.W.Best & James.v.kahn; Research in education 9th Edition. M.B.Buch chief editor; fourth Survey of Research in education Volume 1 1983-1988 Sixth survey of educational Research volume 1 1993-2000. Mathematics text book of 4th standard; Maharashtra State Bureau of Text Book Production & Curriculum Research (2005)

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