Fundamentals of Differential Equations

by Nagle, Saff, and Snider 8th edition)

Section 3.2 (p. 99)- Compartmental Analysis
1.

)P
)P
l "!! P 0.5 kg of salt l
738
738
0& 51
P
Ba>b amt. of salt in tank; Ba!b &
.B
input rate output rate
.>
.B
)P !& 51
) P Ba>b

.>
738
P
738 "!!
#
#
Bw %
B Bw B %
#&
#&
#
>
I.F. / #&
The solution to DE is
#
#
#
#
>
>
>
>
#&
B/ #& ( !%/ #& % / #& &/ #& G
#
#
>
Therefore Ba>b G/ #& & and
Ba!b !& !& G & G %&
#

>
Ba>b & %&/ #&
.!# kg/L 100 P #
#
#&
>

# & %&/

5.07 minutes

#
>
$!
68 a$!45b
#&
>

45
!)

3.

'P
)P
l #!! >9> P " P +-3.l
738
738
#!! P at start; note that 0.5% of 200 = 1 L
'P
)P
Ba>b
%B
Output rate:
20% '& and

738
738 #!! #>
"!! >
Input rate:

.B
'
%B
%
'

Bw
B a linear DE
.>
& "!! >
"!! >
&
'

?aBb /

%
"!!> .>

/%68a"!!>b /68a"!!>b

a"!! >b%

'
'a"!! >b$
%
B a"!! >b ( a"!! >b .>

&
"&
$
#
G
& a"!! >b
%

Ba>b

#
a"!! >b G a"!! >b%
&

Ba!b " "

#
&

"!! G a"!!b%

" %! G a"!!b% G $*"!!%

Ba>b

$*

"!)

#
$*
a"!! >b ) a"!! >b%
&
"!

Ba>b
"!
#"!! >
%
#
$*
#
$*a"!! >b$
& a"!! >b "!) a"!! >b

"
#a"!! >b
"!
#a"!b)
$*a"!! >b$
"
# "!(
$

a
"!!

>
b

"!
$*
#a"!b)

"!! > )!!% > "!! )!!% "**' minutes.

7.

$1+6
1+6
$ 1+6
l '! 1 ,<37/l $
l'! A+>/<l
738
738
738
Set up 2 separate DE's, one for 1st tank and one for 2nd.
Let Ba>b be the amt of salt in 1st tank.
Input of salt in tank 1 is 0 and the output of salt is
1+6 B
B 1+6
$

738 '!
#! 738
.B
"
.B
"
"
B
.> 68 B
>O
.>
#!
B
#!
#!
"

B 5/ #! > where k is the initial amt of salt in tank 1. We will

keep k. We don't need to find this value!
Now we set up a DE for tank 2 using 5/ #! > .
Therefore B is now the amt of salk in tank 2!
"
"
$ 1+6 5/ #! >

5 />#!
Input into tank 2 is
738
'!
#!
"

The output from tank 2 is

Bw

"
B
5 />#!
#!
#!

Bw

"
"
B
5 />#!
#!
#!

$B
B

'!
#!

"
.>
(
#!
?B /
/>#!
B/>#!
Ba>b

"
"
5> G
( 5.>
#!
#!

"
5>/>#! G/>#! where Ba!b !
#!

Ba!b G/>#! ! G ! and

Ba>b

"
5>/>#!
#!

B will be a max. when Bw is 0

Bw

" >#!
"
" >#!
"
5/

5>/>#!
5/
" > !
#!
%!!
#!
#!

when "

"
> > #! minutes.
#!

The max. amt of salt in tank 2 is Ba#!b

"
"
#! 5 a#!b/

5/"

The original amt of salt in tank 1 is k; therefore the ratio is

5/"
/" $') the 2nd tanks 37% as salty as tank 1.
5

9.

.T
5T Malthusian Law where T a!b "!!!
.>
.T
5.> 68T 5> G
T
T /5>G G/5>
T a!b "!!! G "!!!
T a>b "!!!/5> where T a(b $!!! "!!!/(5
68 $
/(5 $ 5
!"&'*%&
(
6 8$
T a$!b "!!!/ ( $! ""! )')