GEOMETRY BOOT CAMP

The Great Fourth Grade Geometry Overview. GEOMETRY is math that studies POINTS, LINES, ANGLES, and SHAPES. 1. A POINT is what everything else in geometry is made of. Think of a point as a DOT. Every shape, every angle, every line is made up of POINTS.

Here are a bunch of points. We would call these Point A, Point B, Point C and Point D.

2. A LINE is basically a lot of POINTS in a straight path. Lines are used to make other shapes like triangles and rectangles.

There are THREE types of LINES. . There is the basic LINE which goes on and on forever in both directions (Infinity and beyond!). A LINE SEGMENT is just a part of a line that ends at both directions. Finally, a RAY is a line that begins at one endpoint and goes on and on forever in one direction.

 3. ANGLES An ANGLE is when two lines meet at the same endpoint. Here are a group of angles:

Sometimes pizza or a fan form angles.

Angles are measured in DEGREES. A RIGHT ANGLE is formed when two lines meet at an end point that makes a square corner. A RIGHT ANGLE is also called a 90 DEGREE angle. An ACUTE angle is smaller than 90 degrees and an OBTUSE angle is greater than 90 degrees

4. Sometimes lines never meet. PARALLEL LINES are two lines, the same distance apart that never, ever meet. Here are two sets of parallel lines:

5. PERPENDICULAR LINES are when two lines meet to form exactly four right angles.

6. COMPLIMENTARY and SUPPLIMENTARY ANGLES.

 7. PLANES

SHAPES
1. A POLYGON is a plane shape (two-dimensional) with straight sides. For example: triangles, rectangles and pentagons. (Keep in mind that a circle is NOT a polygon because it has a curved side.)

2. TRIANGLES A TRIANGLE is a 3-sided polygon.

There are many different types of triangles. You can tell the type of triangle by the length of the sides or by the size of the angles.

3. A QUADRILATERAL is a four-sided polygon. Here are the different types of quadrilaterals.

4. OTHER POLYGONS. Here are some other mighty important polygons that you should know. Inside each polygon are the number of sides of each shape.

5. A THREE DIMENSIONAL shape is an object that has height, width and depth, like any object in the real world. Example: your body is three-dimensional. Its also known as "3D".

6. Two shapes are CONGRUENT is they have the same shape and size.

7. FACES, EDGES AND VERTICES

8. PERIMETER AND AREA THE PERIMETER is the distance around a 2-dimensional shape.

A rea o f S im ple S hapes

There are special formulas for certain shapes:

Example: What is the area of this rectangle?

The formula is:

Area = w h
w = width h = height The width is 5, and the height is 3, so we know w = 5 and h = 3. So:

Measurement
There are two basic systems of measurement.

CUSTOMARY
The system used in the United States is called the customary system of measurement. The units of measure in the customary system are: LENGTH 1 foot (ft) 1 yard (yd) 1 yard = 1 mile 1 mile

= 12 inches (in.) = 3 feet 36 inches = 1,760 yards = 5,280 feet

WEIGHT 1 pound (lb) = 1 ton (T) = CAPACITY 1 pint (pt) 1 quart (qt) 1 quart 1 gallon (gal) =

16 ounces (oz) 2,000 pounds

= 2 cups = 2 pints = 4 cups 4 quarts

METRIC
The other basic system of measurement is called the metric system, which is used in most places around the world. LENGTH 1 centimeter (cm) 1 decimeter (dm) 1 meter (m) = 1 kilometer (km) MASS 1 kilogram (kg) CAPACITY 1 liter (L) =

= 10 millimeters (mm) = 10 centimeters 10 decimeters = 1,000 meters

1,000 grams (g)

1,000 milliliters (mL)