SEERAH: MAKKI PERIOD Taught by Kamran Kiyani

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Glossary
SAWe: Salallahu Aleihi Wasallam (Peace be upon him) RA t: Radiallahu Anhu (May Allah be pleased with him)
AS u: Aleihi salaam (Upon him be peace)

Risala: revelation, message Dua: supplication, prayer Sharia: Islamic Law Kaba: The house of worship built by Ibraheemu which is the structure towards which Muslims face when they worship

The Meccan Phase (~13 years)

Three Distinct Stages
The stage of the secret Call: three years

The stage of the proclamation of the Call in Makkah: from the beginning of the fourth year of Prophethood to almost the end of the tenth year
The stage of the call to Islam and propagating it beyond Makkah: From the end of the tenth year of the Prophethood until Muhammad'se emigration to Madinah

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Makkah - The Barren Valley ( ) (35-37

Makkah - The Barren Valley

And [mention, O Muhammad], when Abraham said, "My Lord, make this city [Makkah] secure and keep me and my sons away from worshipping idols. My Lord, indeed they have led astray many among the people. So whoever follows me - then he is of me; and whoever disobeys me - indeed, You are [yet] Forgiving and Merciful. Our Lord, I have settled some of my descendants in an uncultivated valley near Your sacred House, our Lord, that they may establish prayer. So make hearts among the people incline toward them and provide for them from the fruits that they might be grateful.
(Surat 'Ibrhm 35-37)

Makkah - The Barren Valley

(
) ( -

Makkah - The Barren Valley

And [mention] when Abraham was raising the foundations of the House and [with him] Ishmael, [saying], "Our Lord, accept [this] from us. Indeed You are the Hearing, the Knowing. Our Lord, and make us Muslims [in submission] to You and from our descendants a Muslim nation [in submission] to You. And show us our rites and accept our repentance. Indeed, You are the Accepting of repentance, the Merciful. Our Lord, and send among them a messenger from themselves who will recite to them Your verses and teach them the Book and wisdom and purify them. Indeed, You are the Exalted in Might, the Wise.
(Surat Al-Baqarah 127-129)

Angel In The Desert

Related by Anast
Jibreelu came down and ripped Muhammadse chest open and took out his heart. He then extracted a bloodclot out of it and said, That was a part of Satan in thee. And then he washed it with the water of Zamzam in a gold basin. After that the heart was joined together and restored to its place. The boys and playmates came running to his (nurse) mother and said. Verily, Muhammade has been murdered. They all rushed towards him and found him all right. Only his face had turned pale. [Muslim]

S E E R A H :M E C C A N P E R I O D

The Idols
Every tribe and household has its own idols
Laat, Manat, Uzza Wadd, Suwa, Yaguth, Yaooq, Nasr

(
( )

Say, "Do you inform Allah of something He does not know in the heavens or on the earth?" Exalted is He and high above what they associate with Him
(Surat Ynus 18)

How the Idols were Worshipped

Self-devotion to the idols, seeking refuge with them, acclamation of their names, calling for their help in hardship, and supplication to them for fulfillment of wishes, in the hope that the idols would mediate with Allah for the fulfillment of peoples wishes.
Performing pilgrimage to the idols, circumrotation around them, self-abasement and even prostrating themselves before the idols. Seeking favor of idols through various kinds of sacrifices.

Longing In Seclusion

Umm al-mumineen, Aisha

reports,

The commencement of the divine inspiration to Allahs apostlee came in the form of good dreams which came true like bright daylight and the love of seclusion was bestowed upon him. He used to go in seclusion to the cave of Hira where he used to worship (Allah alone) continuously for many days before his desire to see his family. He used to take with him the journey food for the stay and then come back to (his wife) Khadeejah to take his food likewise again till suddenly the Truth descended upon him while he was in the cave of Hira. [Bukhari]

Longing In Seclusion
(
( -)

Recite in the name of your Lord who created Created man from a clinging substance. Recite, and your Lord is the most Generous
(Surat Al-`Alaq 1-3)

Longing In Seclusion

Allah's Apostle returned with the Inspiration and with his heart beating severely. Then he went to Khadija bint Khuwailid and said, "Cover me! Cover me!" They covered him till his fear was over and after that he told her everything that had happened and said, "I fear that something may happen to me." Khadija replied, "Never! By Allah, Allah will never disgrace you. You keep good relations with your kith and kin, help the poor and the destitute, serve your guests generously and assist the deserving calamity-afflicted ones." Khadija then accompanied him to her cousin Waraqa bin Naufal bin Asad bin 'Abdul 'Uzza, who, during the PreIslamic Period became a Christian and used to write the writing with Hebrew letters. He would write from the Gospel in Hebrew as much as Allah wished him to write

Longing In Seclusion

. He was an old man and had lost his eyesight. Khadija said to Waraqa, "Listen to the story of your nephew, O my cousin!" Waraqa asked, "O my nephew! What have you seen?" Allah's Apostle described whatever he had seen. Waraqa said, "This is the same one who keeps the secrets (angel Gabriel) whom Allah had sent to Moses. I wish I were young and could live up to the time when your people would turn you out." Allah's Apostle asked, "Will they drive me out?" Waraqa replied in the affirmative and said, "Anyone (man) who came with something similar to what you have brought was treated with hostility; and if I should remain alive till the day when you will be turned out then I would support you strongly." [Bukhari]

The People

(
( )

And warn, [O Muhammad], your closest kindred

(Surat Ash-Shu`ar' 214)

( -) May the hands of Abu Lahab be ruined, and ruined is he. His wealth will not avail him or that which he gained. He will [enter to] burn in a Fire of [blazing] flameAnd his wife [as well] - the carrier of firewood. Around her neck is a rope of [twisted] fiber.
[Surat Al-Masad 1-5]

The People

S E E R A H :M E C C A N P E R I O D

Close Relatives
Abu Lahabs opposition
Physical abuse Forcing his two sons to divorce the Prophetse daughters Gloating at the death of the Prophetse son Shadowing the Prophete to belie him and incite the Arabs against him

O my uncle! By Allah if they were to put the sun on my right hand and the moon on my left on the condition that I abandon this course, I will not do it until Allah has made me victorious or I perish therein. Do not weep, my daughter. Allah will verily protect your father.

A Society Against The Truth

Ways in which they opposed the Dawah
Ridiculing labels (e.g. liar, madman, possessed, soothsayer, poet, magician) Creating doubts about the origin of the Quran (e.g. ancient stories, work of fiction or that someone teaches Muhammad e) Contrasting Islam with the mythology of ancient nations Compromise; they will give up part of their belief if Muhammade gives up part of his Physical ridicule Physical torture of Muslims who had no tribal support

A Society Against The Truth

Be patient O family of Yasir, you will verily find your home in paradise. Bilalt was severely beaten by his master Umayyah Bin Khalaf Uthman bin Affant was tortured by his uncle
Musab bin Umairt was kicked out of his house

A Society Against The Truth

What kept the believers patient
Unshakable belief in Allah Love of leadership of Muhammade The realization that We are responsible Unshakable belief in the day of judgment

Revelation from Allah at specific incidents Promise of victory

A Society Against The Truth

We have seen no other man of Arabia, who has brought so great a calamity to a nation, as you have done. You have outraged our gods and religion and disrespected our forefathers and wise men and created strife amongst us. You have left no stone unturned to estrange your relationship with us. If you are doing all this with a view to getting wealth, we will join together to give you greater riches than any Qurayshite has possessed. If you are ambitious, we will make you our chief. If you desire kingship, we will readily offer you that. If you are under the power of an evil spirit which seems to haunt you, then we shall call in skillful physicians to cure you.
[Utbah bin Rabeeah]

Move Away (Habashah)

(
( 16)

[The youths said to one another], "And when you have withdrawn from them and that which they worship other than Allah , retreat to the cave. Your Lord will spread out for you of His mercy and will prepare for you from your affair facility.
[Surat Al-Kahf 16]

Move Away (Habashah)

You may fret and fume as you like, but Jesus is nothing more than what Jafar has said about him.
[Negas, King of Ethiopia]

(
(62)

So prostrate to Allah and worship [Him].

[Surah An-Najm 62]

The Sanctions
The spread of Islam among the tribes further aggravated the resentment of the Qurash. They came together and decided to draw up a decree ostracizing Bani Hashim and Bani Abdul Muttalib. It was decided that
Nobody should marry their women or give them women in marriage No one should sell them anything or buy anything from them

Having solemnly agreed to these points, the agreement was put into writing and the parchment was hung in the Kabah in order to give it a religious sanction thereby making it mandatory for all.

The Sanctions
Mutim bin Adiy then went up to tear the document into pieces but discovered that with the exception of the words In thy name, O Allah, the rest of the document had already been eaten up by termites.

The Year Of Sorrow

(
( 113)

It is not for the Prophet and those who have believed to ask forgiveness for the polytheists, even if they were relatives, after it has become clear to them that they are companions of Hellfire.
[Surat At-Tawbah 113]

The Year Of Sorrow

(
( 56)

Indeed, [O Muhammad], you do not guide whom you like, but Allah guides whom He wills. And He is most knowing of the [rightly] guided.
[Surat Al-Qaa 56]

The Year Of Sorrow

Abu Hurayraht reported that Jibreelu came to Allahs Messengere and said O Allahs messenger, lo, Khadeejah is coming to you with a vessel of seasoned food or drink. When she comes to you, offer her greetings from her Lord, and give her glad tidings of a palace of jewels in Paradise where there is no noise or toil.
[Bukhari]

The messenger of Allah e said, (Khadeejah) believed in me when none else did. She embraced Islam when people disbelieved me. And she helped and comforted me in her person and wealth when there was none else to lend me a helping hand. I had children from her only.
[Ahmad]

Search For Solace Outside Of Makkah

Search For Solace Outside Of Makkah

O Allah! I complain to You of my weakness, my scarcity of resources and the humiliation I have been subjected to by the people. O Most Merciful of those who are merciful. O Lord of the weak and my Lord too. To whom have you entrusted me? To a distant person who receives me with hostility? Or to an enemy to whom you have granted authority over my affair? So long as You are not angry with me, I do not care. Your favor is of a more expansive relief to me. I seek refuge in the light of Your Face by which all darkness is dispelled and every affair of this world and the next is set right, lest Your anger or Your displeasure descends upon me. I desire Your pleasure and satisfaction until You are pleased. There is no power and no might except by You."
(Tabrani)

Search For Solace Outside Of Makkah

(
Say, [O Muhammad], "It has been revealed to me that a group of the jinn listened and said, 'Indeed, we have heard an amazing Qur'an . It guides to the right course, and we have believed in it. And we will never associate with our Lord anyone. And [it teaches] that exalted is the nobleness of our Lord; He has not taken a wife or a son

( (
(

And that our foolish one has been saying about Allah an excessive transgression.

Search For Solace Outside Of Makkah

And we had thought that mankind and the jinn would never speak about Allah a lie.

And there were men from mankind who sought refuge in men from the jinn, so they [only] increased them in burden.

(
(

And they had thought, as you thought, that Allah would never send anyone [as a messenger].
And we have sought [to reach] the heaven but found it filled with powerful guards and burning flames.

Search For Solace Outside Of Makkah

And we used to sit therein in positions for hearing, but whoever listens now will find a burning flame lying in wait for him.
And we do not know [therefore] whether evil is intended for those on earth or whether their Lord intends for them a right course.

(
(

And among us are the righteous, and among us are [others] not so; we were [of] divided ways.
And we have become certain that we will never cause failure to Allah upon earth, nor can we escape Him by flight.

Search For Solace Outside Of Makkah

(
when we heard the guidance, we believed in it. And whoever believes in his Lord will not fear deprivation or burden. And among us are Muslims [in submission to Allah ], and among us are the unjust. And whoever has become Muslim - those have sought out the right course.

(
But as for the unjust, they will be, for Hell, firewood.
( -) [Surat Al-Jinn 1-15]

Isra' & Me'raj

(
( 1 )

Exalted is He who took His Servant by night from alMasjid al-Haram to al-Masjid al- Aqsa, whose surroundings We have blessed, to show him of Our signs. Indeed, He is the Hearing, the Seeing.
[Surat Al-'Isr 1]

Isra' & Me'raj

(
( 8)

Then he approached and descended

[Surat An-Najm 8]

Isra' & Me'raj

The messenger of Allahe also said: then Jibreelu took me until we reached sidhrat alMuntaha (the lote tree of the utmost boundary), which was shrouded in colors, indescribable. Then I was admitted into Paradise where I found small (tents) or walls (made) of pearls and its earth was of musk. [Bukhari]

Isra' & Me'raj

On this night: The Messengere of Allahs heart was extracted and washed in Zamzam He was given the choice between milk and wine and chose milk; A sign that his followers would be choosers of good. He saw two hidden rivers and two manifest rivers, the Nile and the Euphrates. A sign that from those fertile lands his followers would come He met the gate-keeper of Hell and witnessed the punishment He witnessed the kingdom of Paradise.

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The Pledge Of Allegiance

We have left our community for no tribe is so divided by hatred and rancor as they are. Allah may cement our ties through you. So let us go and invite them to this religion of yours; and if Allah unites them in it, no man will be dearer than you.
[Ansar]

The Pledge Of Allegiance

O you people of Khazraj, you all know the position that Muhammade holds among us. We have protected him from our people as much as we could. He honored and respected among his people. He refuses to join any party except you. So if you think you can carry out what you promise while inviting him to your town, and if you can defend him against the enemies, then assume the burden you have taken. But if you are going to surrender him and betray him after having taken him away with you, you had better leave him now because he is respected and well defended in his own place.
[Al-Abbas, the Prophetseuncle]

The Pledge Of Allegiance

The Aws and Khazraj pledged allegiance:
To listen and to obey in all kinds of circumstances To spend in plenty as well as in scarcity To enjoin good and forbid evil To fear the censure of none being in Allahs service To defend Muhammade in case he seeks their help, and to protect him from everything that they protect themselves, their spouses and their children from.

In return, they would get Jannah!

Action Plan

Course Evaluation Form

S E E R A H :M E C C A N P E R I O D

spring/summer 2009

| lesson 8: The Seerah of the Prophet Muhammad

Dua That The Prophet Made

I am pleased with Allah as a Lord, and Islam as a religion and Muhammad as a Prophet. (three times)

spring/summer 2009

| lesson 8: The Seerah of the Prophet Muhammad

FAQs
Is Muhammad considered to be the only prophet? No. Muslims believe in all of the prophets that came before him, but they believe that Muhammad was the last prophet, the seal of the prophets, and it is the message of Allah that was sent through him that we follow.

spring/summer 2009

| lesson 8: The Seerah of the Prophet Muhammad

References
Rights Basic to the Natural Human Constitution and Affirmed by Divine Laws: Rights of the Prophet Sheikh Muhammad ibn Salib al-Uthaymeen 1994 The Daar of Islamic Heritage
Al-Mubarakpuri, Saifur Rahman. AR-RaheeQ AlMakhtum (THE SEALED NECTAR). Maktaba Dar-usSalam Publishers Al-Awlaki, Anwar. The Life of the Prophet Muhammad. Awakening Worldwide