!

Copyright 2007
5, 71202
, ,
,
.

ISBN 978-960-86175-5-1


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Causative Form ................................................
18
& ..............................................................
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..................................................
20
INVERSION WORDS....................................................................
21
SO DO I I DO TOO
Neither do I I dont either
ENOUGH- TOO- VERY..................................................................
22
Wish ..................................................
23
Have & Get .......................................................
24
.......................................
25
Some- Any No .........................................................
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 &
&
-
LOWER & PROFICIENCY

,

Lower, Advance & Proficiency.
!!
- -
LOWER &
PROFICIENCY.

.
:

www.multilingual.gr !

 Lower,

,

. ,
.


.
Lower 50% ,

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,
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o :
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.

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;
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, , ,
.

. ,

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 ,
!

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,
:
1. .
2.
.
, ,
Lower, Advanced & Proficiency.
!

1
:
) .. - We are
reading now.
) . .. . . - I cannot stand her.
She is always laughing.
) . ..
I am going to the theatre tonight.
:
I am listening
You are listening
He is listening
She is listening
It is listening
We are listening
You are listening
They are listening

Am I listening?
Are you listening?
Is he listening?
Is she listening?
Is it listening?
Are we listening?
Are you listening?
Are they listening?

To Be + + ing
I am not listening
You are not listening
He is not listening
She is not listening
It is not listening
We are not listening
You are not listening
They are not listening

2
:
) .. . - They
work at the bank.
: - : +
He listens
- : do does + +
Do you listen?
- :
+ do does +
They do not listen
I listen
You listen
He listens
She listens
It listens
We listen
8

Do I listen?
Do you listen?
Does he listen?
Does she listen?
Does it listen?
Do we listen?

I do not listen
You do not listen
He does not listen
She does not listen
It does not listen
We do not listen

You listen
They listen

Do you listen?
Do they listen?

You do not listen

They do not listen

3
:
) .
.. . - Mary went to school yesterday.
) .
.. .
|
|


) .
.. . - I saw Maria Kalas.
: +
:
ed
.. I listened
I listened
You listened
He listened
She listened
It listened
We listened
You listened
They listened

Did I listen?
Did you listen?
Did he listen?
Did she listen?
Did it listen?
Did we listen?
Did you listen?
Did they listen?

I did not listen

You did not listen
He did not listen
She did not listen
It did not listen
We did not listen
You did not listen
They did not listen

:
.
.
I took
You took
He took
She took
It took
We took
You took
They took

Did I take?
Did you take?
Did he take?
Did she take?
Did it take?
Did we take?
Did you take?
Did they take?

I did not take

You did not take
He did not take
She did not take
It did not take
We did not take
You did not take
They did not take
9

4
:
) .
.. - I was eating while you were sleeping.
) .
.. . - I was eating when you came.
)
.
.. 10 - I was playing football at 10.
: be + + ing
I was listening
You were listening
He was listening
She was listening
It was listening
We were listening
You were listening
They were listening

Was I listening?
Were you listening?
Was he listening?
Was she listening?
Was it listening?
Were we listening?
Were you listening?
Were they listening?

I was not listening

You were not listening
He was not listening
She was not listening
It was not listening
We were not listening
You were not listening
They were not listening

5
:
) .
.. - I have seen John
) (
).
|
|
.. (
). I have seen Mary twice this
month.
)
( ).
10

.. .
:

+ Have has + .

I have listened
You have listened
He has listened
She has listened
It has listened
We have listened
You have listened
They have listened

Have I listened?
Have you listened?
Has he listened?
Has she listened?
Has it listened?
Have we listened?
Have you listened?
Have they listened?

I have not listened

You have not listened
He has not listened
She has not listened
It has not listened
We have not listened
You have not listened
They have not listened

I have taken
You have taken
He has taken
She has taken
It has taken
We have taken
You have taken
They have taken

Have I taken?
Have you taken?
Has he taken?
Has she taken?
Has it taken?
Have we taken?
Have you taken?
Have they taken?

I have not taken

You have not taken
He has not taken
She has not taken
It has not taken
We have not taken
You have not taken
They have not taken

6
:
)
.
.. . . - I am wet. I have been walking in the
rain.
) () .
:
I have been listening
You have been listening
He has been listening
She has been listening
It has been listening
We have been listening
You have been listening

To Have/ has + Been + + i n g

Have I been listening?
Have you been listening?
Has he been listening?
Has she been listening?
Has it been listening?
Have we been listening?
Have you been listening?

I have not been listening

You have not been listening
He has not been listening
She has not been listening
It has not been listening
We have not been listening
You have not been listening
11

They have been listening

Have they been listening?

They have not been listening

7
:
(
) .
.. . I told you that I had seen him the
previous month.
: +had +
I had listened
You had listened
He had listened
She had listened
It had listened
We had listened
You had listened
They had listened

Had I listened?
Had you listened?
Had he listened?
Had she listened?
Had it listened?
Had we listened?
Had you listened?
Had they listened?

I had not listened

You had not listened
He had not listened
She had not listened
It had not listened
We had not listened
You had not listened
They had not listened

I had taken
You had taken
He had taken
She had taken
It had taken
We had taken
You had taken
They had taken

Had I taken?
Had you taken?
Had he taken?
Had she taken?
Had it taken?
Had we taken?
Had you taken?
Had they taken?

I had not taken

You had not taken
He had not taken
She had not taken
It had not taken
We had not taken
You had not taken
They had not taken

8
:
)
.
.. . I was tired
when you rang me up because I had been working in the garden.
)
( ) .
.. 2
. Jane had been studying for two hours when the phone rang.

12

: +had + been + + ing

I had been listening

You had been listening
He had been listening
She had been listening
It had been listening
We had been listening
You had been listening
They had been listening

Had I been listening?

Had you been listening?
Had he been listening?
Had she been listening?
Had it been listening?
Had we been listening?
Had you been listening?
Had they been listening?

I had not been listening

You had not been listening
He had not been listening
She had not been listening
It had not been listening
We had not been listening
You had not been listening
They had not been listening

9
:
) , , & .
( expect, be afraid, be sure, believe, hope,
know) ( certainly, perhaps, possibly) .. I
hope you will study ()
The plane will probably be delayed ().
) .
.. . . Its too cold in here. I will close the
window.

: + will + ( )

I will listen
You will listen
He will listen
She will listen
It will listen
We will listen
You will listen
They will listen

Will I listen?
Will you listen?
Will he listen?
Will she listen?
Will it listen?
Will we listen?
Will you listen?
Will they listen?

I will not listen

You will not listen
He will not listen
She will not listen
It will not listen
We will not listen
You will not listen
They will not listen

13

10 -
:
.
.. 7 . Tomorrow at 7 I will be driving to Argos.
:

I will be listening
You will be listening
He will be listening
She will be listening
It will be listening
We will be listening
You will be listening
They will be listening

+ will + be + + ing

Will I be listening?
Will you be listening?
Will he be listening?
Will she be listening?
Will it be listening?
Will we be listening?
Will you be listening?
Will they be listening?

I will not be listening

You will not be listening
He will not be listening
She will not be listening
It will not be listening
We will not be listening
You will not be listening
They will not be listening

11
:
)
. .. 7. I will have
come home by seven.
! by & by the time
. till.
: by this time
) . .. .
.
Its quite late. They will have gone to bed ( ).
: +will + have +
I will have taken
You will have taken
He will have taken
She will have taken
It will have taken
We will have taken
14

Will I have taken?

Will you have taken?
Will he have taken?
Will she have taken?
Will it have taken?
Will we have taken?

I will not have taken

You will not have taken
He will not have taken
She will not have taken
It will not have taken
We will not have taken

You will have taken

They will have taken

Will you have taken?

Will they have taken?

You will not have taken

They will not have taken

12

:
)
. .. 6 . By next year Ill have been learning English for 6 years.
:

+ will + have + been + + ing

I will have been listening Will I have been listening?

I wont have been listening
You will have been listening Will you have been listening? You wont have been listening
He will have been listening Will he have been listening? He wont have been listening
She will have been listening Will she have been listening? She wont have been listening
It will have been listening Will it have been listening?
It wont have been listening
We will have been listening Will we have been listening? We wont have been listening
You will have been listening Will you have been listening? You wont have been listening
They will have been listeningWill they have been listening?They wont have beenlistening

13

&
1. ;
2. .
3. .
4. !
.
5. ; 6. ;
7. ;
8. .
9. ! .
10. .

&
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

11 .
;
.
.
.
15

6. , .
7. 6 .
8. .
9. ;
10. .

&
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

. ;
;
3 .
1989.
6 ;
.
. .

.
;

&
1. ;
2. ; ;
3. .
4. .
5. .
6. .
7. .
8. 6.
9. .
10. ;

&
1. .
2. ;
3. 12 .
4. .
5. .
6. .
7. .

&
1. . 2. . 3. 10
. 4. . !5.
.6.
16

 ,
.
1. . 2.
.
3. . 4. . 5.
;
6. . 7. 3 . 8.
. 9.
. 10. 5 3 . 11. .
12. ; 13. ; ; 14. ; 15.
3 . 16. ; 17. ;
18. . 19. ; 20. ;

14


, .
.. .

.
.. .
|
|

, .
) .
play)
I want
|

) to (.. to

to eat.
|

.
.. .
17

, 3 .
) .
) to (..
to play)
) .
: me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them.
, .. John, horse etc.
I want them to eat.
|
|
|

1: help, make, let, see, hear

.
.. I make you study. to .
*********************************************************************

:
Can, could, shall, should, will, would, may, might, must, ought to, used to, need ( need
).
.
: I can, can I?, I cannot I must, must I?, I must not
(mustnt)
.
2: .
) ,
. .. travel, eat
.. I could travel tomorrow.
) ,
. .. Have travelled.
.. I could have travelled yesterday.
- :
.
;
.
18

;
.
.

 .
;
.
.
.
.
*************************************************************************
Would Rather =

1.
) + Would Rather +

.. I would rather come tomorrow.

) - + Would Rather +
.. I would rather have come yesterday
2.
) - + Would Rather +
( )
.. I would rather you came tomorrow.
) - + Would Rather +
.. I would rather you had come yesterday
- :
;

.
.
.
.

.
.

.
*************************************************************************

Had Better =
Had Better.
/ : + had better +
..
We had better come tomorrow
: + had better +
..
We had better have studied yesterday

19

 3:
, Had Better
.
.
..
.
Had Better you
- :
1.
Lower.
3. .
.

2.
4.

15 -
05
ing .. dancing

1:



, .
..
I want to eat.

to .
,
.
: .
:
I avoid to study. . to study
avoid
.

20

 :
admit =
appreciate =
consider =
delay=
discuss=
escape=
understand=
doubt=
excuse=
forgive=
imagine=
intend=
include=
mind=
miss=,
practise=
prevent=
recollect=
recall=
resent=
resist=
save=
suggest=

avoid =
deny=
deserve=
find=
involve=
mention=
postpone=
quit=
report=
risk=
tolerate=

:
/ -begin, start, finish, cease, stop, continue. eg. He stopped
behaving foolishly.
, like, dislike, love, hate,
enjoy, fancy
.. They like swimming ( ). ! Id like to swim tomorrow
( ).
go , . Go shopping/ skiing
/swimming
,
Its no use / its no good ( ). Its no use fighting. There is no point in (
). There is no point in lying to me. Its (not) worth ( ). Its worth
learning a second language nowadays.
I cant help ( ). He cant help loving you! feel like ( ). I
feel like eating something. cant stand ( ). cant stand losing
e/ get accustomed to ( ). He is accustomed to working hard. Look forward
to (). I am looking forward to seeing you soon Object to (). You
object to traveling abroad
Devote to (). This web site is devoted to teaching you English.
Be/ get used to ( ). She is not used to living in Greece
! I used to + bare infinitive ( )
1:
.

21

:
I prevented Marys leaving (: I prevented

Mary from leaving)
:
I dont object to his opening
the window
2:
: begin, continue, cant bear, hate, dislike, like,
love, prefer & start.
: I hate to study / studying.
3:
.
Forget: - I wont forget to tell you = (
1 ) - I forgot visiting you =
( 1 )
Remember: - I remember visiting London = (
1 ).
- Remember to buy some milk = .
2 )
Regret + =
I regret getting married (
)
Regret + =
I regret to inform you that you failed your test
( )
Stop + =
I stopped smoking ( )
Stop + =
I stopped to smoke a cigarette
( )

Try + =
Try quitting smoking (

)
Try + =
I tried to phone you (
)

on, of, at, in, over, from, by, without, after, about

.. He is fond of horse riding.

2: .
. .. dancing ( ) Dancing keeps her fit.
! (.. = work
working)
. ( )
. .. Smoking is dangerous =

22

 3: .
. .. Working girl = . !
Working .
: Translate into English:
1. , . 2.
. 3. . 4.
. 5. . 6.
. 7. . 8.
. 9.
.10. . 11. . 12.
. 13. .
14. .
15. . 16.
;
17. .18.
!
19. . 20 ; 21.
. 22. . 23.
. 24.
. 25. . 26.
. 27. , . 28.
. 29.
. 30. ; 31.
.

16

4
:
: I drove my car
1:
My car (1 )
2: BE
( )
My car was ( 2 )
3:
My car was driven (3
)

23

 4: (): by.
My car was

driven by me (4 )
1: BE
2: ,

.. You were told to go
.

.
3: ,
.
: I have told you the news.
1: The news has been told to you
2: You have been told the news.
4: ,
.
.. He was repairing his car
His car (1 ) was being (2 ) repaired (3 )
by him (4 )
! be . was
.
being.
!
.
being.
,
.
.. I have been repairing my car
My car has been being repaired by me ()
being
My car has been repaired by me
5:

Must / should + be +
:
()
Pay the bill
()
The bill must / should be paid.
()
Dont open the window
()
The window must / should not be opened
24

 6:

people, everyone they. ..
They (people) say
that he is very ill.
:
: He is said to be very ill.
: It is said that he is very ill.

.
say believe, expect, know,
regard, think.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

.
;
.
;
.
1952.
.
.
;
.

:
1.They sell marvelous toys in that shop. 2. She saw them go out. 3. You should wash the
walls before you paint them. 4. They told him not to say anything to her. 5. The police took
the suspect in for questioning. 6. Why have they given him a promotion? 7. Who invented
the radio? 8. Over two million people worldwide speak English. 9. They are cutting down
the forest to build a car park. 10. Why hasnt anyone cooked for lunch yet? 11. When we
got to the cinema, they had sold all the tickets. 12. Will they deliver the fridge today? 13.
My mother punished me for something I didnt do. 14. They are pulling down the old
factory. 15. You should pay your bills before you move away. 16. They say that six people
are going to be arrested after the murder. 17. He will guide the visitors to the town center.
18. They usually deliver the post every three days. 19. You mustnt interrupt the meeting
again. 20. The new director is interviewing James now.

25

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

:
1.Why was Tina asked to leave the club?
2. My mobile must have been thrown away by mistake.
3. My father was given a medal during the war.
4. It cannot be explained.
5. Dinner will be served in an hour.
6. He is sent to work in the North of England.
7. She isnt going to be sent an invitation.
8. Dirty dishes have been left in the sink.
9. Further information can be obtained from your local police station.
10. A new shopping center is being built in my town.

17 CAUSATIVE FORM
Causative Form
Causative Form .
.
.. ( )
Causative Form.
Causative Form :
+ have ( ) + +
( get)
|
|
|
|
I
had ( )
my house
painted

26

 1: have ,
().
.
2: get have .
:
I got my house painted
3:

painted.
4: ,
,
.
: I painted my house yesterday.
5: .
..
Have your house painted
..
Dont have your house painted

Causative Form.
:
) ; ) have get;
; ) ; )
;

6:

----------------------------------

Causative Form.
1. ; 2. .
3. ; 4. . 5.
. 6. . 7.
; 8.
. 9. . 10.
. 11. . 12.
.13. ; 14.
; 15. . 16. . 17.
. 18.
. 19. . 20.
. 21. . 22.
! 23.
. 24. .

27

 Causative Form:
25. I took my car to the garage for a wash. 26.Somebody stole my money last week. 27.
The maid made the beds for her. 28. Alan had already washed the car for her when she
woke up. 29. Did the doctor set Garys broken leg? 30. I didnt use to employ someone to
do the housework for me.

18 &
&
:
) ,
.
.. I have known John for 3 years he said.
) , .
() he said that he had known John for 3 years.
&
.

! !

( ).

.
say
.
say tell.
.. He said to me ( me )
He told me

(will / shall)
would
Will have
would have


28


(
)




Can
could
May
Might
Must
had to must
! could, might, ought to, should & would .
must must . .. = It
must be Mary.
neednt & mustnt .

Now
then
Today
That day
Yesterday
The previous day / the day before
Tomorrow
The following day / the next day
Next week (month, year etc.)
the following week ((month, year etc.) / the week (month,
year etc.) after
Last week (month, year etc.)
the previous week (month, year etc.) / the week (month,
year etc.) before
A week (month, year etc.) ago
the previous week (month, year etc.) / the week (month,
year etc.) before

This
That, These
Those, Here
There

1:
.
.. He said Mary speaks English very well
He said that Mary speaks English very
well
Mary
.
2: (say)
(.. Peter)
.
.. I love you Meropi Peter said said Peter. he said
said he.

29

 3:
ask.
.. What time is it? he said.
He asked what the time was what was the
time
4: (do, does, am, are, have, will,
etc.) if whether ask.
.. Have you visited London? Mary said to me
Mary asked me if I had visited
London.
5:
( ).
.. Close the window she said to me
:
.
. : She told me to close the
window.
.. Dont smoke she said to me
She told me not to smoke
6:
advise, ask, beg, order, suggest, warn
.
dont buy this car
advise.
---------------------------------------

:
1. Wait for me, please! He said to them. 2. Dont go near the fire! She said to the little
boy.
3. When did you see her? He said to me. 4. Yes, I broke the window! He admitted.
5. Is this your new car, Jim? She asked. 6. Can you do me a favor? She said.
7. Lets go to the cinema! He suggested. 8. I would like some days off next week. He
said
9. I am sorry I kept you waiting. She said. 10. Good luck! He said. 11. What a
beautiful dress! She said. 12. I must stop smoking. She said. 13. I would rather not
apply for this job. He said.
14. Have you been to Paris before? He asked. 15. I think we should try harder. She
said.
16. Shall I do the washing-up? My daughter said. 17. Dont stand too close to the
edge! He said.

30

18. Are you going to come to the party? He asked me. 19.They moved away two days
ago. She said.
20.You stole my bag! The lady said to him.

1. . 2.
. 3.
. 4. . 5.

. 6. .7.
. 8. .
10. . 10.
.

19

.
.
--------------------1 ------------------- (IF)
( )
if +

.
() ,
.
.. .
If Giorgos studies he will pass
the exam.
! 1
.
()
.
1: ,
1

.. , .
If you have done your homework you can watch TV.

31

 2: can/ may/ might/

must/ should
+ to
.. , .
If you have a headache take an aspirin.
----------------2 ------------------ (IF)
if +

( )

+ would/ could/ might + to

.
() ,
.
.. .
If Giorgos studied he would pass
the exams.
! 2
.
()
.
,
.
.. , .
If I were you I wouldnt speak
to him again.

.
3: if were was
2 .
----------3 --------- (IF)
( )
if +
would/ could/ might + have +
()
. ,
.
.. , . If I had studied last year I
would have passed the exams.
4: if
( ). Unless (if not), providing (
), provided that ( ), otherwise (), or else (), what if (

32

 ), even if ( ), only if ( ), on condition that (

), as long as (), suppose ( )
.. . I will do it, only if
you promise not to tell anyone.
Inversion. if should, were had
if. should, were
had ( ).
.. , .
Should he come, tell him to come in.
.. , .
Had I studied, I would have
passed the exams.
.. , .
Were I you, I wouldnt speak
to him again.

But for. If it were

not for & If it had not been for but for. but
If it were not If it had not been.
but for (help).
.. If it werent for your help, I would not find a job =
.
.. If it hadnt been for your help I wouldnt have found a job =

5: but for
3 (it).
------------------- .
1. . 2. . 3.
. 4.
. 5. . 6.
. 7. . 8.
; 9. .
10. . 11.
. 12. . 13.
. 14. . 15.
. 16.
. 17. . 18.
. 19. ; 20.
.
33

INVERSIONS with should, were and had.

21. A , . 22.
. 23. . 24.
.
25. . 26. ,
. 27.
. 28. . 29.
. 30.
.
CONDITIONALS INTRODUCED BY OTHER EXPRESSIONS (only if, unless, what if,
on condition that, provided, even if, suppose):
1 . 2.
. 3.
.
4. . 5.
. 6.
. 7. . 8.
. 9. $ 10.000
; 10. ;

20 INVERSION WORDS
Inversion Words
,
{ + +
}.
At no time
Hardly ( , )
Never
No sooner than
Not only
Not until
Nowhere
Only
Only by / with
Only in this way
Rarely
So +
Under no circumstances
34

:
+ +
1. Never have ( ) I () seen ( ) such a
beautiful girl
2. Only by luck can you get it.
3. Rarely had his friend been more helpful.
4. Hardly had they started doing their homework when the lights went out.
5. Not only did he go but he also helped him.

21 SO DO I I DO TOO
Neither do I I dont either
ENOUGH- TOO- VERY
So do I I do too.
:
) + * ( ) + too
.. Katerina: I speak English very well
Marina: I do too

) So + * ( ) +
.. Katerina: I speak English very well
Marina: So do I

1: * ,
, do.
So have I ...

Neither do I I dont either

:
) + * ( ) + not + either
.. Katerina: I dont like fish.
35

Marina:

I dont either

) Neither + * ( ) +
.. Katerina: I dont like fish.
Marina: Neither do I

:
: . .
I cannot swim 1
I cannot swim either. 2
Neither can I.
1. . .
2. . .
3. . .
4. . .
5. . .

* :
) Be
)
) Do did- have- had will

ENOUGH- TOO- VERY

very
.. Mary is very tall = .

.
, .. poor too,
. .. Mary is too poor to buy a car

.
1: too
. ..
.
2: too . .. Mary is too poor to buy a
car
, .. tall enough,
. .. Mary is tall enough to play basketball

basketball.

36

 3: enough
. ..
basketball.
4: enough . .. Mary is tall enough to
play basketball.
5: too much ,
. too much .
.. You drink too much whisky
.
6: too much much too .
.. The weather is much too cold
much too +
7: too
very .
.. Mary is too polite
( ).
Translate into English:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

H .
.
( ) .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

22 WISH
Wish
Wish .
) /
+ wish +
..
I wish I had enough
money for a new house
1: .
.

37

 2: wish
. .
3:
could would wish.
..
I wish I could travel tomorrow.
)
+ wish +
..
I wish I had studied before
yesterdays exam
) ,
+ wish + would
..
I wish you would study more
4:
.
)

+ wish +

..
Helen wishes to see the manager

5:
to (.. to play)
6: if only wish. if
only , .
.. !
If only I were younger!
7: were

----------------------------- :
1.
2.
3.
4.
38

.
.
.
.

5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

.
.
.
.
.
.

23 Have & Get

Have & Get

Have Get.
) Have- + have ( ) + ( /) +

..
I have had my sister do the dishes
) Get- + get ( ) + ( /) +

.. ;
Did you get your
students to do their homework yesterday?

------------------- ,
Get & Have
1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .
5. .
6. , .
7. .
8. .
9. .
10. .

39

24
-
:
) ) )
1. (
, .. clever) -er
est. the
. : Young = , younger = , youngest = (
)
1: e, r st
. : Strange
stranger
strangest
2:
. : Fat fatter - fattest
3:
more most .
: Expensive - more expensive = - the most expensive =

4 : y, y i
er, -est .
: Easy easier - easiest
! Friendly - friendlier - friendliest, friendly - more friendly - the
most friendly
5:
than of. in
of .
: ) She is older than her sister. ) She is the oldest child of all / in her class.
! / .
.
6:
.
Good
better
best
Little
less
least
Bad
worse
worst
Many
more
most
Much
more
most
40

 .
1. asas = [] so as = [], [not asas] [not so as] = [
] .. My computer is not so fast as yours.
2. the + .the + = [ ]. .. The more you study, the
better for you = ,
3. and. .. She got angrier and angrier =

4. very + . .. They are very clever students
5. much + . .. You are much happier than I am.
6. farther ( / ) . .. I live farther
away from the center.
7. Further ( / ) ,
. .. For further information, refer to our website.
I cannot walk any further.
8. fewer, . .. There are fewer cars on
the roads today.
9. Less, . . After the meeting there
was less disagreement.
10. the same as = - . .. He is the same height as me =
11. similar to = . ..Your house is similar to mine =

12. the ,
. .. The young =
/ The poor = / The sick = / The unemployed =

.
.. The young = / The poor = / The sick = / The
unemployed = are ( is) / were ( was) / have ( has) ( /
/)
.. The poor need support
need (they need)

41

13. .
,
.

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
nice
big
modern round red
Italian
plastic
table
.. = A nice ( ) big ( )
apartment.
! .
:
Translate into English:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

, .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
, .

1:

.
At
.
.
.. = at the theatre. At home = . At the train station =
.

.
.. At 5 Bourbahon Street
. .. At seven oclock

42

 : At Christmas, at Easter, at midday, at midnight, at

night, at the weekend.
By
By : & .
) . by
. .. The parcel was
sent by me.
) . , .. = by
boat.
By bus, by car, by boat, by taxi, by train. on foot =
In
.
.
.. My car is in the garage = .
:
)
.. = I live in Kazantzakis Street ( I live at
Kazantzakis Street)
) . .. In Athens, in Afganistan.
) , . .. In May, in 1964, In Spring
2: he is in bed = & write only in
pen = . in
.
3:
at in.
,
.
Into

.
.. She walked into the store.
On
on . .. The knife is on the chair.
.. on Tuesday &
.. on 5th May.

43

 : On a diet, On a trip, On business, On

holiday, On his birthday,
On the phone, On the radio, on TV.
4:
.

Around = , Behind = , Beside = ,

During = ,
Inside = (), Outside = , Over = ,
Under =
5:
Lower .
.
.
Be afraid of =
Be angry with or at somebody =
Be good at something =
Be good to someone =
Be interested in =
Be married to =
Be proud of =
Be tired of =

25 SOME ANY NO
SOME

ANY

NO

()

1. some (= , , -, -)
.
.. There is some bread on the table.
Do you want some fruit?
Can I have some of this cake, please?
2. any (=)
some.
.. There is not any bread on the table.
Is there any bread on the table?
3. some, any.
Somebody
anybody
(= )
(= )
Someone
anyone
Something (=)
anything (= )
Somewhere (=)
anywhere (= )
44

.. There is somebody/someone on the phone

Have they gone anywhere nice for their holiday?
She has got something in her bag.
She has not got anything in her bag.
4. not any (
) no ( ).
..There are not any trains after 10. Or There are no trains after 10.
There is not anybody/anyone in the shop. Or There is nobody/no one in the
shop.
Not any
Not anybody
Not anyone
Not anything
Not anywhere

no
nobody
no one
nothing
nowhere

1:

.
At
.
.
.. = at the theatre. At home = . At the train station =
.

.
.. At 5 Bourbahon Street
. .. At seven oclock
: At Christmas, at Easter, at midday, at midnight, at
night, at the weekend.
By
By : & .
) . by
. .. The parcel was
sent by me.
) . , .. = by
boat.
By bus, by car, by boat, by taxi, by train. on foot =
45

In
.
& .
.. My car is in the garage = .
:
)
.. = I live in Kazantzakis Street ( I live at
Kazantzakis Street)
) . .. In Athens, in Afganistan.
) , . .. In May, in 1964, In Spring
) In the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening
2: he is in bed = & write only in pen =
. in
.
3:
at in. ,

.
Into

.
.. She walked into the store.
On
on . .. The knife is on the chair.
.. on Tuesday &
.. on 5th May.
: On a diet, On a trip, On business, On
holiday, On his birthday, On the phone, On the radio, on TV.
4:
.

Around = , Behind = , Beside = ,

During = ,
Inside = (), Outside = , Over = ,
Under =
46

 5:
Lower .
.
.

Be afraid of =
Be angry with or at somebody =
Be good at something =
Be good to someone =
Be interested in =
Be married to =
Be proud of =
Be tired of =
SOME

ANY

NO

()

A. 1. some (= , , -, -)

.
.. There is some bread on the table.
Do you want some fruit?
Can I have some of this cake, please?
2. any (=)
some.
.. There is not any bread on the table.
Is there any bread on the table?
3. some, any.
Somebody
anybody
(= )
(= )
Someone
anyone
Something (=)
anything (= )
Somewhere (=)
anywhere (= )
.. There is somebody/someone on the phone
Have they gone anywhere nice for their holiday?
She has got something in her bag.
She has not got anything in her bag.
4. not any (
) no ( ).
..There are not any trains after 10. Or There are no trains after 10.
There is not anybody/anyone in the shop. Or There is nobody/no one in the
shop.

47

Not any
Not anybody
Not anyone
Not anything
Not anywhere

no
nobody
no one
nothing
nowhere

. Any = ,
Anybody =
anyone =
anything =
anywhere =

be
bear
beat
become
begin
bend
bind
bite
blow
break
breed
bring
build
burn
buy

Was/were
bore
beat
became
began
bent
bound
bit
blew
broke
bred
brought
built
burnt*
bought

been
born(e)
beaten
become
begun
bent
bound
bitten
blown
broken
bred
brought
built
burnt*
bought

cast
catch
choose
come
cost
creep
cut

cast
caught
chose
came
cost
crept
cut

cast
caught
chosen
come
cost
crept
cut

dig
do
draw
dream
drink
drive

dug
did
drew
dreamt*
drank
drove

dug
done
drawn
dreamt*
drunk
driven

eat

ate

eaten

48

,(, )
, ,

,
,

,
,

fall
feed
feel
fight
find
fly
forget
forgive
freeze

fell
fed
felt
fought
found
flew
forgot
forgave
froze

fallen
fed
felt
fought
found
flown
forgotten
forgiven
frozen

get
give
go
grow

got
gave
went
grew

got
given
gone
grown

hang
have
hear
hide
hit
hold
hurt

hung
had
heard
hid
hit
held
hurt

hung
had
heard
hidden
hit
held
hurt

keep
kneel
knit
know

kept
knelt
knit*
knew

kept
knelt
knit*
known

, ,

lay
lead
learn
leave
lend
let
lie
light
lose

laid
led
learnt*
left
lent
let
lay
lit*
lost

laid
led
learnt*
left
lent
let
lain
lit*
lost

make
mean
meet

made
meant
met

made
meant
met

pay
put

paid
put

paid
put

read
ride
ring
rise
run

read
rode
rang
rose
ran

read
ridden
rung
risen
run

(, )
, ,
, ,

say

said

said

49

see
sell
send
set
sew
shake
shine
shoot
show
shut

saw
sold
sent
set
sewed
shook
shone
shot
showed
shut

seen
sold
sent
set
sewn*
shaken
shone
shot
shown*
shut

, ()

, ,

sing
sink
sit
sleep
smell
sow
speak
spell
spend
spoil
stand
steal
stick
sting
strike
strive
swear
sweep
swim
swing

sang
sank
sat
slept
smelt*
sowed
spoke
spelt*
spent
spoilt*
stood
stole
stuck
stung
struck
strove
swore
swept
swam
swung

sung
sunk
sat
slept
smelt*
sown*
spoken
spelt*
spent
spoilt*
stood
stolen
stuck
stung
struck
striven
sworn
swept
swum
swung

,
, (.)
,

,
,
,

take
teach
tear
tell
think
throw

took
taught
tore
told
thought
threw

taken
taught
torn
told
thought
thrown

understand

understood

understood

wake
wear
weep
win
wind
write

woke*
wore
wept
won
wound
wrote

woken*
worn
wept
won
wound
written

50