Structure 1.

Narration (1st, 2ND & 3rd) 1st person- I 2nd person- You 3rd person- Refer to character by name

2. Setting Time and place of narrative An event or scene taking place before the present time in the narrative is inserted into the chronological structure of the work. Be a warning or indication of (a future event) 4. Foreshadows

3. Flashbacks

Figurative Language: Comparison and/ or add detail to a description. 5. Simile A simile is a direct comparison that always contains the words as or like He is as slow as a snail

6. Metaphor Is a comparison without the use of as or like. It refers to one person or object as being like another. The comparison is implied rather than stated directly, e.g. He is a slow snail 7. Personification Gives human qualities to inanimate objects or abstract ideas e.g. The door beckoned me to enter, waving to and fro with a quiet murmur at the hinge. 8. Allusion Direct or an indirect referral to a particular aspect. Many texts refer to biblical stories or themes.

9. Imagery

Descriptive language to add depth to their work. It appeals to human senses to deepen the reader's understanding of the work.

10. Symbolism

Use of symbols to signify ideas and qualities by giving them symbolic meanings that are different from their literal sense. Any recurring element that has symbolic significance in a story.

11. Motif

Language 12. Dialogue 13. Repetition Conversation between two or more persons.

Device that repeats the same words or phrases a few times to make an idea clearer.

14. Rhetorical questions 15. Colloquial language 16. Slang 17. Emotive language 18. Tone

Figure of speech in the form of a question that is asked in order to make a point. Everyday speech

Words that are not considered part of the standard vocabulary of a language and that are used very informally in speech especially by a particular group of people. Used to elicit an emotional response from the audience. The overall way the text is written. Is the composer melancholic, excited, frustrated, direct or formal. Everyday and well-known sayings.

19. Clichs

20. Expletives

Word or phrase that is offensive

Exaggeration and Understatement 21. Hyperbole Exaggerations to create emphasis or effect. 22. Litotes Understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by the negative of the contrary. Im not unwell Im not bad Word or expression used in place of one that may be found offensive or suggest something unpleasant

23. Euphemism

Contradictions 24. Juxtaposition The fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect. 25. Oxymoron Places two seemingly contradictory words next to each other, e.g., painful pride, angry relief. 26. Irony 27. Innuendo A remark or question, typically disparaging. Implies the opposite of what is said, e.g. I cant wait for my detention on Friday afternoon.

28. Sarcasm A sharply ironical taunt; sneering or cutting. remark 29. Bildungsroman A novel about the moral and psychological growth of the main character.