Browse Chapter 5: Health Promotion for the Developing Child Your Score: 75% 1. dren? A. B.

Which statement best explains the growth and development of chil

Development proceeds at a predictable rate. Rates of growth are consistent among children.

C. The sequence of developmental milestones is predictable. D. At times of rapid growth, there is also acceleration of development. Rationale A. There are periods of both accelerated and decelerated growth and develop ment. B. Each child develops at his or her own rate. C. There is a fixed, precise order to child development. D. Physical growth and development proceed at differing rates. 2. Which behavior is most characteristic of the concrete operations stage of cognitive development? A. Inability to put oneself in another's place B. Increasingly logical and coherent thought processes C. Progression from reflex activity to imitative behavior D. Ability to think in abstract terms and draw logical conclusions Rationale A. Inability to put oneself in another's place is characteristic of the pre operational stage (ages 2 to 7 years). B. Increasingly logical and coherent thought processes are characteristic o f concrete operations. Children in this stage are able to classify objects. C. Progression from reflex activity to imitative behavior is characteristic of the preoperational stage (ages 2 to 7 years). D. Adolescents, in the formal operations stage, have the ability to think i n abstract terms and draw logical conclusions. 3. According to Piaget, at what stage of development do children ty pically solve problems through trial and error? A. Sensorimotor B. Preoperational C. Formal operational D. Concrete operational Rationale A. During the sensorimotor stage, infants and young toddlers develop a sens e of cause and effect. B. Relational problem solving is characteristic of the preoperational stage . C. In the formal operational stage, adolescents can test hypotheses. D. Children in concrete operations solve problems in a tangible, systematic fashion. 4. Which statement explains why it can be difficult to assess a chi ld's dietary intake? A. Biochemical analysis for assessing nutrition is very expensive. B. Families usually do not understand much about nutrition. C. Recall of food consumption is frequently unreliable. D. No systematic assessment tool has been developed. Rationale A. Nutrients for different foods are known; it is the quantity and type of food consumed that is difficult to ascertain. B. The family does not need nutritional knowledge to describe what the chil

d has eaten. C. It is difficult for parents to recall exactly what their child has eaten . Concurrent food diaries are somewhat more reliable. D. Systematic tools are available, and recall is unreliable. 5. According to Erikson, with which development task is infancy con cerned with acquiring? A. Trust B. Industry C. Initiative D. Separation Rationale A. The task of infancy is the development of trust. B. Industry versus inferiority is the developmental task of school-age chil dren. C. Initiative versus guilt is the developmental task of preschoolers. D. Separation occurs during the sensorimotor stage as described by Piaget. 6. The development of a 2-year-old child is characterized by which activity? A. Engaging in parallel play B. Dressing oneself with supervision C. Having a vocabulary of at least 500 words D. Attained one-third of one's height as an adult Rationale A. Two-year-olds typically play alongside each other. B. A toddler still needs help with clothing at 2 years of age. C. A vocabulary of 300 words is expected at this age. D. A child typically has grown to one-half of adult height. 7. According to Erikson, what is the primary psychosocial task of t he preschool period? A. Identity B. Intimacy C. Industry D. Initiative Rationale A. Identity is the stage associated with adolescence. B. Intimacy is an adult stage. C. Industry is the stage seen in the school-age child. D. Preschoolers focus on developing initiative. The stage is known as initi ative versus guilt. 8. Since the preschooler's thought process is egocentric and they e njoy learning about their environment, what is the most effective approach for c ommunication with children this age? A. Play B. Speech C. Drawing D. Actions Rationale A. Play is the child's way to learn to understand and adjust to situations. B. Language is too abstract to be the most effective communication tool for preschool children. C. Drawing is not developed at this age. D. Actions are not effective for communication. Interpreting actions requir es a level of abstraction not yet achieved by a preschooler. 9. Which is descriptive of the nutritional requirements of preschoo l children? A. The average daily intake of preschoolers should be about 3,000 calories.

B. The quality of the food consumed is more important than the quantity. C. Nutritional requirements for preschoolers are very different from requir ements for toddlers. D. Requirement for calories per unit of body weight increases slightly duri ng the preschool period. Rationale A. The average intake for preschoolers is about 1,800 calories each day. B. It is essential that the child eat a balanced diet with essential nutrie nts. C. Requirements are similar for toddlers and preschoolers because their rat e of growth has slowed from that of infancy. D. Caloric requirement decreases slightly during the preschool period. 10. Primary prevention of communicable disease results from which me thod of infection control? A. Immunizations B. Early diagnosis C. Strict isolation D. Good hand hygiene Rationale A. Communicable diseases are prevented through immunization, which is prima ry prevention. B. Early diagnosis can prevent spread by initiating treatment and isolation if necessary. C. Strict isolation prevents spread of disease. D. Good hand hygiene prevents spread of disease. 11. Which is characteristic of the psychosocial development of schoo l-age children? A. Peer approval is not yet a motivating power. B. A developing sense of initiative is very important. C. Motivation comes from extrinsic rather than intrinsic sources. D. Feelings of inferiority or lack of worth can be derived from children th emselves or from the environment. Rationale A. Peer group formation is one of the major characteristics of this age gro up. B. A developing sense of initiative is characteristic of preschoolers. C. School-age children gain satisfaction from successful independent behavi ors. D. The school-age child is eager to develop skills and participate in activ ities. Not all children are able to do all tasks well, and the child must be pre pared to accept some feeling of inferiority. 12. Although a 9-year-old male has several physical disabilities, he concentrates on what he can, rather than cannot, do and is as independent as po ssible. What is the most accurate interpretation of this behavior? A. The child is in denial of his situation. B. Family counseling is needed immediately. C. Adaptive coping skills are being used by the child. D. The child is using a maladaptive coping style. Rationale A. The child is describing an adaptive coping style. B. Family counseling is not needed at this time because the child is coping . C. When a child concentrates on what he can do rather than what he cannot d o and is as independent as possible, the child is using an adaptive coping style . The child learns to accept physical limitations but finds achievements in a va riety of compensatory motor and intellectual pursuits.

D. When a child concentrates on what he can do rather than what he cannot d o and is as independent as possible, the child is using an adaptive coping style . 13. The parents of a child with fragile X syndrome want to have anot her baby. They tell the nurse that they worry another child might be similarly a ffected. What is the most appropriate nursing action? A. Assess for family history of the syndrome. B. Recommend that they not have another child. C. Reassure the family that the syndrome is not inherited. D. Recommend genetic counseling, because the syndrome is inherited. Rationale A. The nurse should not offer a recommendation, although a referral for gen etic counseling is indicated. B. The syndrome is inherited on the X chromosome. C. The nurse should not reassure the family that the syndrome is not inheri ted it is. D. Since Fragile X syndrome can be detected prenatally, the family should b e referred for genetic counseling. 14. A mother tells the nurse that she will visit her 2-year-old chil d tomorrow around noon. During the child's bath in the morning, the child asks f or his Mommy. What is the best response by the nurse? A. "Mommy will be here after lunch." B. "Mommy always comes back to see you." C. "Mommy had to go home for a while, but she will be here today." D. "Your Mommy told me yesterday that she would be here today about noon." Rationale A. Because toddlers have a limited concept of time, the nurse should transl ate the mother's statement about being back around noon by linking the arrival t ime to a familiar activity that takes place at that time such as lunch. B. "Mommy always comes back to see you" doesn't give the child any informat ion about when his mother will visit. C. "Mommy had to go home for a while, but she will be here today." Doesn't give the child any information about when his mother will visit. D. Noon is a meaningless concept for a toddler. 15. The nurse notices that a toddler is more cooperative when taking medicine from a small cup rather than from a large cup. This is an example of w hich characteristic of preoperational thought? A. Egocentrism B. Irreversibility C. Inability to conserve D. Transductive reasoning Rationale A. The inability to see situations from other perspectives does not facilit ate medication administration. B. The inability to reverse actions physically initiated does not facilitat e medication administration. C. The smaller cup makes it look like less medicine. D. Focusing on particulars does not explain the cooperation with the smalle r medication cup. 16. What statement is characteristic of preschool children? A. They have a well-defined body image. B. Fear of intrusive procedures is a major concern. C. They are fearful of being separation from their parents. D. They have some knowledge about their internal anatomy. Rationale A. Preschoolers have poorly defined body images.

B. ures. C. D.

Preschoolers fear that their insides will come out with intrusive proced

Separation anxiety is characteristic of toddlers. Preschoolers have little or no knowledge of their internal anatomy. 17. The nurse is giving anticipatory guidance to the parent of a 5-y ear-old. Which is the most appropriate to include? A. Prepare the parent for increased aggression. B. Encourage the parent to offer the child choices. C. Inform parent to expect a more tranquil period at this age. D. Advise the parent that this is the age when stuttering may develop. Rationale A. Preparing parents for increased aggression is characteristic of anticipa tory guidance for children 4 years old. B. Encouraging parents to offer the child choices is characteristic of anti cipatory guidance for children 3 years of age. C. The end of preschool/beginning of school age is a more tranquil period. D. Stuttering usually begins developing earlier around 3 years of age. 18. A 3-year-old male has cerebral palsy and is currently hospitaliz ed for orthopedic surgery. His mother says he has difficulty swallowing and cann ot hold a utensil to feed himself. What is the most appropriate nursing action r elated to feeding this child? A. Bottle- or tube-feed him a specialized formula until he gains sufficient weight. B. Stabilize his jaw with one hand (either from a front or side position) t o facilitate swallowing. C. Place him in a well supported, semi-reclining position to make use of gr avity flow. D. Place him in a sitting position with his neck hyperextended to make allo w gravity to help the liquids flow down his esophagus. Rationale A. He is too old for bottlefeeding, and tube-feeding must be ordered by the health care provider. The neuromuscular compromise of the jaw interferes with t he child's ability to eat. B. Because the jaw is compromised, more normal control can be achieved if t he feeder provides stability. Manual jaw control assists with head control, corr ection of neck and trunk hyperextension, and jaw stabilization. C. The child should be sitting up for meals. D. For swallowing, the neck should not be hyperextended because of possible aspiration. 19. An 8-year-old girl with moderate cerebral palsy (CP) has recentl y begun participation in a regular classroom for part of the day. Her mother ask ed the school nurse about having her join the after-school Girl Scout troop. The nurse's response should be based on what developmental knowledge? A. Most activities such as Girl Scouts cannot be adapted for children with CP. B. Participating in after-school activities is usually extremely tiring for children with CP. C. Trying to participate in activities such as Girl Scouts leads to lowered self-esteem in children with CP. D. After-school activities often provide children with CP with opportunitie s for socialization and recreation. Rationale A. Most activities can be adapted for children with CP. B. The child, family, and activity director should assess the degree of act ivity to ensure it meets with the child's capabilities. C. A supportive environment will add to the child's self-esteem. D. Recreational outlets and after-school activities should be considered fo

r the child who is unable to participate in athletic programs. 20. A mother is concerned about giving her infant the scheduled immu nizations. What information should the nurse provide to inform the mother about the risks and benefits of immunizations? (Select all that apply.) A. "If your child is feverish or sick, we will not give any immunizations a t that time." B. "Since live measles vaccine is produced by using chicken eggs, there is a slight chance of hypersensitivity in children with egg allergies." C. "We use the arm muscle for the majority of vaccines in babies." D. "Before a second dose of any vaccine is given, we check if there were an y side effects after the previous dose of that vaccine." E. "Immunizations are the primary and safest means of managing preventable infectious diseases." F. "Fever and local irritation are rare after administration of the DTaP va ccine." Rationale The thigh muscle is used for vaccines in infants. Browse