FLEXIBLE MECHANICAL ELEMENTS

Belts Chains Ropes

Advantages . Simplifies the design . Reduces the cost . Obsorb shocks (since elastic and quite) . Isolate vibration . Improve machine life

Disadvantages Most flexible elements do not have an infinite life. Inspection requires to guard against wear, aging, and loss of elastisity

Belt Drives:

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Flat and Round Belt Drives:

maximize small angle of wrap to increase transmitted load

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*
(Smaller sheave)
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Tight side

Loose side

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V Belt Drives:
Main Features: - High spped ratio - Belt Speeds 5m/s < V < 50m/s (~20-25m/s) - Long lives - Quiet - Absorb Shocks - 500 < T < 800C

Narrow V-Belts (T.S. 198/4 DIN7753) . small cross section, size advantage in designs . high bending capability: bending frequency . because of the sections; have small deformation; fits sheave; good heat transfer Classic V-Belts (T.S. 198/1 - DIN 2215)
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Narrow V-Belts (T.S. 198/4 DIN7753)

Defines Belt Profile

. Cross Section Gets larger . Heavy duty stronger belts . Minimum sheave sizes get larger . Power rating increases

Classic V-Belts (T.S. 198/1 - DIN 2215)

Lw is the effective V-Belt length which is measured at effective width bw bw is the width measured in the plane where the length of the V_Belt is not changing due to the bending Li : Inside Length La : Outside Length Lw : Effective (pitch Length)

Classic V-Belts (Table 45) Narrow V-Belts (Table 18)

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Narrow V-Belts (T.S. 198/4 DIN7753)

Classic V-Belts (T.S. 198/1 - DIN 2215)

Used in preliminary selection (approximation) Used in exact calculations, after belt selection is fialized
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Angle of wrap on dwk

Tension adjustment

Belt seating adjustment

Angle of wrap

Tension adjustment (x) and Belt seating adjustment (y)

Constraint: (The distance between the sheave centers)

Reduction ratio

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Belt selection is based on power ratings (PN) listed in tables as functions of dwk, i, nk. Tables are prepared for a certain life under certain conditions 0 for = 180 and for a certain length, L .
w

To take into account variations in these adjustment factors are used.

Nominal driving machine power Design power # of belts required Rated power per belt Belt length correction factor Overload service factor

Correction factor for angle of contact

Power ratings (PN) listed in tables as functions of dwk, i, nk.

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Nominal driving machine power Design power # of belts required Rated power per belt C: N: Table24 Table 6 Table26 Table 8 Table28 Table10 Table30 Table12 Table32 Table34 Table36 Table38 Table40 Correction factor for angle of contact C: N: Table 22 Table 3

Overload service factor Driving machine Driven machine N: C: Table 2 Table 21 Hours of operation per day Belt length correction factor N: Table 7 (SPZ) Table 9(SPA) Table 11(SPB) Table 13(SPC) C: Table 25 (Profil 8) Table 27 (Profile 10/z) Table 29 (Profile 13/A) Table 31 (Profile 17/B) Table 33 (Profile 20) Table 35 (Profile 22/C) Table 37 (Profile 25) Table 39 (Profile 32/D) Table 41 (Profile 40E) Table 25 (Profile 8) Table 25 (Profile 8)

V-Belt (Profile) Selection: Decide c2 based on whats given in the problem N: Pdesign = c2 x Power to be transmitted

Table 2

C: Table 21

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Correction factor for angle of contact C: N: Table 22 Table 3

C1

PN

Rated power per belt C: N: Table24 Table 6 Table26 Table 8 Table28 Table10 Table30 Table12 Table32 Table34 Table36 Table38 Table40

C3

Belt length correction factor N: Table 7 (SPZ) Table 9(SPA) Table 11(SPB) Table 13(SPC) C: Table 25 (Profil 8) Table 27 (Profile 10/z) Table 29 (Profile 13/A) Table 31 (Profile 17/B) Table 33 (Profile 20) Table 35 (Profile 22/C) Table 37 (Profile 25) Table 39 (Profile 32/D) Table 41 (Profile 40E) Table 25 (Profile 8) Table 25 (Profile 8)

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Power ratings (PN) listed in tables as functions of dwk, i, nk.

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Power ratings (PN) listed in tables as functions of dwk, i, nk.

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* Belt profile selection

i) If we are not trying to minimize # of belts (z), we can follow the C: recommendation of the catalog N:
Figure 3 Figure 10

If z > 6, too many belts; use a stronger belt profile (if we use many belts dws are low) ii) If a single belt drive is desired or if we want to minimize z we can begin with a stronger belt type. (using stronger belt causes larger dwk, hence increases e)
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diameter selection: * Sheave - Depend on belt profile - Selection is based on i - We usually chose minimum dwk and dwb which satisfies desired i so that e and overall size of the drive is minimized - On the other hand we may choose larger dwk and dwb to improve belt life. (Peripheral Velocity should be less than 40 m/s)
N: Table 17 C: Table 44

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length selection: * Belt After choosing d s and deciding e, calculate (L considering the limitations.
N: Table 14 C: Table 42 w

w) (approximate),

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* Bending frequency

m/s belt speed

N:
mm mm rpm

fb max 100 s 1 fb max 40 s 1

C:

(Peripheral Velocity should be less than 40 m/s)

* x, y adjustments
Tension adjustment (x) and Belt seating adjustment (y)

* Minimum axial force for pre-tension (preloading):

Design Power kW # of belts

belt speed m/s N: Table 5 C: Table 23

* Minimum static belt tension:

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deflection: * Belt In order to control the initial tension belt deflection is measured under a certain load Deflections under control load Standart V-Belt Length
N: Figure 5 C: Figure 12

Deflections/100 mm between sheave depends on T & belt profile

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Roller Chains:

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represent

impact wear roller-sprocket chain joint tooth N effects velocity ratio Chordal action: chain moves up and down

Large

life

d = D Cos( ) 2 Circumference : D Np Dn Npn ) = (1800 ) Chain velocity : V= ( 60 60 N 2 p Dn n Vmax = = 60 60 Sin(180 ) N Dn n n p = D Cos( ) = Cos(180 ) Vmin = N 2 60 60 60 Sin(180 ) E..Konukseven N

d=D

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Wire Rope Drives:

strand

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Strength reduction due to sheave bending

Applied load

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