95% leeft langs de nijl Dust and desert We associate the Nile with Egypt, but Egypt is just

one of 11 countries that share the Nile. This great river has 2 main sources. One is located in the Ethiopean highlands where the majority of Nile is accumulated during the rain saison, the other source consist of the great lakes of eastern Africa. The Nile transfers fertile silt from volcanic plateaus in Ethiopea to Egypt. But the Aswan high dam stopped the passage of this natural fertilizer. Kajabar Dam Sudan? Dam noord-soedan gefinancierd door China (problemen Human rights, anderen financierden niet) Lake Victoria is shrinking Egypt is totally dependend on the Nile. Great Britain recognized that political stability depended on control of the Nile. On order to ensure their dominion on Egypt they granted Egypt in In mai 1902 the british signed a agreement with emeror menley the second of ethiopea agreeing not to build a dam that with damage the flow of water of the blue nile to Egypt The British transformed Egypts agriculture to cotton for their textile industry. Britain wanted to maximize this cotton industry so no upstream nation was allowed to jeopardize the flow of the Nile. 1929 groot deel van de Nijl 1953 selfdetermination for sudan Jonglei Canal would bypass the Sud where a lot of water is evaporated. Struggles in Sudab. Rebellion movement, thesis on Jonglei Canal. Secession. A New State that wants its share and will not acknowledge the former historical agreements. Nile Basin Initiative 6 signatories + south sudan Great dam projects? Ethiopea and Egypt arer rivals; different religions, egyption invasion in 19th century April 2011 new project on blue Nile grand millennium dam Largest hydro power station in Africa and would solve Ethiopeas chronic power shortage. Climate change is affecting the rainfall in Ethipean highlands. This affects the Nile and increases tensions between the riparian states who alle need increasing amounts of water The Niles annual discharge is not enough for any of the Nile Basin Countries

Bibliography Books

Articles The Nile: Charting the course of history, site of Aljazeera, jun 2011, http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/struggleoverthenile/2011/06/201167174122105548.html, consulted on 02/12/2012

Documentaries

Annex: Key dates in the history of the Nile1 1882 1899 May 1902 1919 1929 1929 1953 1955 1958 1959 1959 1960s May 1964 1980s 1980s 1980s 1999 May 2010 June 2010 April 2011 The British empire tries to protect its economic interests Thousand of Nubians forced to make way of first Aswan dam Ethiopia agrees not to affect flow of the Blue Nile to Egypt Egyptians revolt against British occupation British treaty grants Egypt sole control over the Nile Sudan and Egypt allotted Nile Waters on an annual basis Sudan moves towards gaining complete independence Sudan independence Suez Crisis Russia offers Egypt funding for the Aswan Dam project Second British agreement that divides Nile water between Egypt and Sudan Newly-independent countries upstream defy 1929 agreement Russian leader jointly launches second stage of Aswan project Dispute grows among river basin countries over the Niles waters Some countries suffer famine, Egypt escapes severe weather Egypt opens tunnel channeling Nile waters into Sina, the Peace Canal Officials from Nile states meet to resolve growing disagreement 6 Dissenting nations sign new deal nullifying two older ones (Entebe signatories) Egypt reject Entebe deal for more autonomy for neighbours Plan announced for new dam project on the blue Nile

The Nile: Charting the course of history, site of Aljazeera, jun 2011, http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/struggleoverthenile/2011/06/201167174122105548.html, consulted on 02/12/2012