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True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.

____ 1. Testing concept review.

People start to interact with those around them when they are teen-agers.
____ 2. Testing concept review.

A particular communication is successful if the others are willing to understand and decode a message as
well.
____ 3. Testing concept review.

When interacting the meaning is always one-sided.

____ 4. Testing concept review.

Body language is another way of conveying meaning to people around us.

____ 5. Testing concept review.

School offers a systematic practice in a great range of communicative activities.

____ 6. Testing concept review.

Assertiveness supposes being anxious and passive.

____ 7. Testing concept review.

Socialization is the lifelong process of social interaction that can transform an infant into a child thirsting for
knowledge, perhaps a rebellious teenager, a worker, a spouse, and parent, and eventually into an elder
member of society.
____ 8. Testing concept review.

There aren’t too many changes that people undergo as they mature and grow older.
____ 9. Testing concept review.

Social Darwinists (and others) argued that a person’s character and position in society is determined by
experience.
____ 10. Testing concept review.

Contemporary sociologists see development as a results of the interaction of genetic potential and socially
derived factors.
____ 11. Testing concept review.
 If human behaviour were genetically determined, children would develop characteristically human behaviour
patterns, with or without social interaction; and males and females in one culture would behave in much the
same way as their counterparts in another.
____ 12. Testing concept review.

The psychologist Erik Erikson was primarily interested in personality: how the individual develops
characteristic ways of thinking and behaving.
____ 13. Testing concept review.

Contemporary sociologists interested in social development, try to determine how social interaction shapes
the individual’s identity or sense of self.
____ 14. Testing concept review.

Some contemporary sociologists showed that our self-images are largely a reaction to what we see in other
people’s responses toward us (the looking-glass self)
____ 15. Testing concept review.

Almost all contemporary sociologists saw socialization as a cooperative effort in which the individual
develops a sense of self in relationship to others, and society is recreated as a generalized other in the
individual’s mind.
____ 16. Testing concept review.

There are five primary agents of socialization that operate both independently and interdependently: the
family, school, peer groups, mass media, and refernce groups.
____ 17. Testing concept review.

The family is perhaps the weakest basic agent of socialization in that it is the last, and possibly the least
impüportant influence on the individual.
____ 18. Testing concept review.

Parents socialize their children into the world they know, the one into which they (the parents) have been
socialized, and with which they are most comfortable.
____ 19. Testing concept review.

The school does not give youngsters experience in dealing with a large, bureaucratic organization in which
the same rules are not supposed to apply to everyone and individuals are valued in terms of their appearance.
____ 20. Testing concept review.

Peers provide young people with their first experience with egalitarian relationships, opportunities to test
what they are taught by adults, and group support for developing alternative norms and values.
____ 21. Testing concept review.

The mass media (especially television) represent the most important agent of socialization, never
controversial.
____ 22. Testing concept review.
 There is evidence that violence or primetime programmes encourages aggressive behaviour and that
commercials promote sex stereotyping.
____ 23. Testing concept review.

Television can never encourage pro-social behaviour and provide positive models.
____ 24. Testing concept review.

Reference groups (positive or negative) are used by individuals both as models and as measures of self-worth
as they move through the life cycle.
____ 25. Testing concept review.

Contemporary psychologists examined systematically the changes people undergo following adolescence and
they viewed several stages in life as presenting new crises that require new adjustments.

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 26. Testing meaning. Choose the best synonym:

Better communicating means better understanding of ourselves and others; less isolationn from around us and
more PRODUCTIVE, happy lives.

a. prolific
b. creative
c. dynamic
d. gainful
____ 27. Testing meaning. Choose the best synonym:

We learn very soonn that the success of a particular communication strategy depends on the WILLINGNESS
of others to understand and on the interpretation they give to our meaning.

a. tendency
b. idiosyncrasy
c. consent
d. obedience
____ 28. Testing meaning. Choose the best synonym:

Whereas a baby’s cry will be enough to bring a mother running with a clean nappy and warm milk in one
instance, it may produce no RESPONSE at all in another.

a. feedback
b. answer
c. reaction
d. return
____ 29. Testing meaning. Choose the best synonym:
 Formal TRAINING in the classroom affords us an opportunity to gain systematic practice in an even greater
range of communicative activities.

a. cultivation
b. education
c. indoctrination
d. practice
____ 30. Testing grammar. Choose the right solution:

1. I regret they don’t take my a. I wish they have taken my proposal into
proposal into account account
b. I wish they took my proposal into account

2. She often complains about a. I wish she didn’t complain about everything
everything b. I wish she doesn’t complain about everything

3. I don’t receive many letters a. I wish to receive more letters

b. I wish I received more letters

4. They didn’t attend the lecture a. They wish they have attended the lecture
b. They wish they had attended the lecture

a. 1b, 2a, 3b, 4b

b. 1a, 2a, 3a, 4b
c. 1b, 2b, 3a, 4a
____ 31. Testing concept review

Most social scientists today agree with the statement:

a. Human behaviour is largely determined by genes, acting independently of the

Environment
b. Human behaviour is largely determined by experience and learning, acting
Independently of genes
c. Genes and environment interact in the process of human development
d. Genes and environment have little effect on human development, which is
the result of socialization
____ 32. Testing concept review

The agent of socialization that functions to remove young people from the idea that whatever they do is
special is:

a. the family
b. the peer group
c. the school
d. the mass media
____ 33. Testing concept review

One of the primary differences between peers and parents as agents of socialization is taht:

a. peers engage in open conflict

 b. peer relationships are egalitarian
c. peers and parents have different, conflicting values
d. peers are more amusing
____ 34. Testing concept review

The looking-glass self consists of:

a. how we image others see us

b. how we image judge us
c. how we feel about the reactions of others
d. all of the above
____ 35. Testing concept review

Young people ``play`` at being mothers and fathers, cops and robbers, Hollywood stars and sports heroes. All
of these examples of role playing illustrate:

a. the generalized other

b. learning to play the game
c. anticipatory socialization
d. id impulses
____ 36. Testing concept review

Some researchers maintain that the female equivalent of the male midlife crisis is:

a. divorce
b. looking for a lover
c. the empty nest syndrome
d. remarriage
____ 37. Testing concept review

Which of the following is NOT one of the problems associated with prime-time T.V.:

a. the great majority of programmes reinforce widely held values

b. advertising tends to reinforce stereotypes
c. TV alters the traditional influences of the family,friends, and school
d. TV alters traditional socialization patterns
____ 38. Testing concept review

Studies of unfortunate children who have been reared in near-total isolation show they:

a. behave like animals

b. never recover from the experience
c. develop normally without interaction
d. catch up with others their age if given proper nutrition and tender care
____ 39. Testing concept review

Some sociologists saw one of the major psychological tasks of childhood as achieving

a. identity
b. industry
 c. intimacy
d. integrity
____ 40. Testing concept review. Case study.

Ms.Lara Brown is thirty-four years old and vice president of a bank.Her friends think of her as one of the
most successful career women they know. Suddenly, she finds herself looking at babies and wondering if the
man she is dating will propose.
Ms. Lara Brown is:

a. thinking about settling down

b. experiencing role confusion
c. going through an identity crisis
d. experiencing a midlife crisis
____ 41. Testing concept review. Case study.

Jim’s father is a senior partner in a large London law firm; his mother is head of a school. Most of their
friends are as successful and career-oriented as they are; Jim has no interest in what he sees outside his home;
he wants to be a cabinet-maker.His parents and their circle of friends serve as a:

a. primary group
b. looking-glass self
c. anticipatory socialization
d. positive reference group
____ 42. Testing comprehension. Read the text below and specify what type of holiday the speaker likes and the
reasons why:

``Well, my perfect kind of holiday is a walking holiday in beautiful, sunny hilltops around the
Mediterranean.......I’d say the South of France or......er.......perhaps Spain or
Northern Majorca, p’haps the hills round Tuscany. Beautiful, beautiful countryside,
walking, drinking, sleeping, lovely...........``

a. walking holiday, beautiful mountains, making friends

b. walking holiday, beautiful countryside, walking, drinking, sleeping
c. quiet holiday, beautiful countryside, sleeping
d. quiet holiday, drinking, sleeping
____ 43. Testing comprehension.Read the text below and specify the type of holiday the speaker likes and the reasons
why:

``I go to my friend’s cabin in Northern Vermont near the Canadian border, park the car, walk about five
miles. Nearest civilisation is a little country store with a wood stove, storekeeper with a check shirt, and you
have to really go out of your way to see people.``

a. cabin near the country store, making friends with a storekeeper

b. rustic holiday, 5 miles from the country store
c. cabin in the countryside, being away from other people and from civilisation
d. in Canada, with a friend to his cabin
____ 44. Testing comprehension.Read the text below and specify the type of holiday the speaker likes and the reasons
why:
 ``I like contrasts, so I love sailing and being completely isolated, just the wind blowing and the sea and the
colours of the sky, and then arriving somewhere in the evening and joining people and then being able to get
away from them again so you can relax in two different environments......``

a. sailing in contrasting environments

b. sailing holiday; relaxing in contrasting environments
c. sailing against the wind; joining people in the evening
d. being isolated on the sea; arriving somewhere in the evening and joining people
____ 45. Testing comprehension. Choose the good answer after you read the conversation:

``Could you please book me on the next flight out to London?

- I’m sorry, Sir. Continental doesn’t fly to Boston.Why don’t you try Delta or Lufthansa?``

a. He will probably go by car to Boston

b. Perhaps he won’t go to Boston any longer
c. He will probably get a ticket for a flight on Delta or Lufthansa
d. He will probably give up going by plane
____ 46. Testind reading comprehension. What is the advertisement about?

``During this Holiday Season you’ll be glad that you took pictures.Go, get your Kodak Color film to
Foto-land; this week only, two rolls for $3.25.Remember,good pictures start with good films, and Kodak
Color is the best!

a. Free service
b. Film and film processing
c. Pictures taken in December
d. Foto-Land
____ 47. Testing vocabulary. Replace the underlined word by a synonymous one:

The coach CONCEALEDhis disappontment when he wasn’tinvited to the party.

a. stated
b. hid
c. dropped
d. remembered
____ 48. Mark the correct meaning of the sentence:

Betty sold her uncle’s boat after his death.

a. Betty’s uncle went away

b. Betty’s uncle died
c. Betty’s uncle disappeared
d. Betty’s uncle got married
____ 49. Mark the correct meaning of the sentence:

Not one football player has bought enough insurance.

a. None of the players is sufficiently insured

b. None of the players has enough contracts
c. The players are concerned about their insurance
 d. The footballers are not allowed to play
____ 50. Mark the correct meaning of the sentence:

George gets better grades in sport than he does in English.

a. George’s grades in English are not so good as his grades in sport

b. George’s best grades are in sport
c. Sport is George’s favourite occupation
d. George is not so good in English as he is in sport
____ 51. Testing grammar.

a. The duties of the new secretary are to answer the phone, to type letters, and the
bookkeeping.
b. The duties of the new secretary are to answer the phone, to type letters, and to do the
bookkeeping.
____ 52. Testing grammar.

a. The members of the team are young, enthousiastic, and have talent.
b. The members of the team are young, enthousiastic and talented.
____ 53. Testing grammar. Choose the correct tense to complete the sentense:

What did you tell the shop assistant when your turn...........?

a. comes
b. has come
c. had come
d. came
____ 54. Testing grammar. Choose the correct tense to complete the sentence:

Don’t hesitate! Buy these shoes! They ............very well.

a. is worn
b. are worn
c. wears
d. wear
____ 55. Testing grammar.Choose the correct tenses to complete the sentence:

They (1)...........they (2)................to leave for France at the beginning of August.

1. a. say
b. will say
c. said
d. has said

2. a. had gone
b.went
c. were going
d. would go

a. 1c, 2c
 b. 1b, 2c
c. 1a, 2b
d. 1c, 2d
____ 56. Testing concept review.

A major difference between human cultures and other animals’ ``designs for living``
is that culture:

a. is based on instincts
b. is a form of adaptation
c. is transmitted through learning
d. depends on communication

Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.

57. Testing grammar. Choose the best tense to complete each sentence:

1. Sally TOLD/TOLD ME/WILL TELL ME/WOULD TELL me she had lost the catalogue.
2. This is confidential, please don’t SAY/TELL/SAID/YOU SAID anything about it.
3. This is confidential, please don’t SAY/TELL/SAID/YOU SAY anyone about it.
4. I SAID/TOLD/DO SAID/DO TOLD them about the meal, and they SAID/TOLD/DO SAID/DO TOLD
they would come.
5. ``You see``, TOLD/SAID/WILL TELL/WILL SAY Steve, ``I always TOLD/SAID/WILL TELL/WILL
SAY you would get a promotion.
58. Testing grammar.Choose the right verbal form:

1. ``When will you let us know your decision?`` , they asked me.
They asked me when I WILL/WOULD/WILL HAVE let them know my
decision.
2. ``Are you feeling all right?``, she asked me.
She asked me if I AM/HAD BEEN/WAS FEELING all right.
3. ``Do you know the author?``, he asked me.
He asked me if I KNOW/HAVE KNOWN/KNEW the author.
4. ``Why has it taken so long?``, he asked.
He asked me why it HAS TAKEN/TOOK/HAD TAKEN so long.
59. Testing grammar. Choose the proper verb:

1. You must / needn’t save a file before you turn the computer off, or you will lose it.
2. I’m afraid this is a non-smoking office, so you haven’t got to / can’t smoke in here.
3. You mustn’t / don’t have to come to the meeting if you have more important things to do.

Matching

Testing comprehension.Match the elements of communication with the types of communication:

a. being able to chatter in any situations, understanding and being understood

b. practicing to speak fluently, clearly and confidently when stating views
 c. using your hands, body, voice and face to send messages
d. conveyance of meaning in unfamiliar contexts requires practice in the use of the
appropriate register or style of speech
____ 60. Awareness of body language
____ 61. Technical jargon
____ 62. Learning to take turns in talking
____ 63. Assertiveness training

Testing grammar.Match the sentence to the corresponding sentences 1-4:

a. If only he would come

b. If only I had met her before
c. If only I knew the definition
d. If only he hadn’t been so hasty
____ 64. I haven’t a clue about it.
____ 65. If he hadn’t been so impatient, he would have been better appreciated
____ 66. I wish he would come
____ 67. I wish I had met her before

Testing concept review. Match the words with the definitions:

a. Learning about and practicing a new role before one is in a position to play that role
b. The individual’s sense of identity or ``Who I am``
c. An individual, group, or organization that influences a person’s behaviour and sense of
self
d. the process whereby one acquires a sense of personal identity and learns what people in
the surrounding culture believe and how they expect one to behave
____ 68. Socialization
____ 69. agent of socialization
____ 70. anticipatory socialization
____ 71. self

Testing concept review. Match the words with the definitions:

a. a group or social category that an individual uses as a guide in developing his/her values,
attitudes, behaviour, and self-image
b. a group that a person rejects and does not want to join in the future
c. the images we have of ourselves, based upon our observations of how other people react
toward us
d. the individual’s patterns of behaviour or thought
e. a group that a person would like to join in the future
____ 72. personality
____ 73. looking-glass self
____ 74. reference group
____ 75. positive reference group
____ 76. negative reference group
 Testing concept review. Match the words with the definitions:

a. term for the internalized image of the structure and norms of society as a whole
b. the rational part of the personality that serves as a mediator
c. people whose evolutions a person holds in high esteem
____ 77. significant others
____ 78. generalized other
____ 79. ego

Testing concept review. Match the words with the definitions:

a. the dissatisfaction and depression women may feel at midlife when their children leave
home and their husbands are still engrossed in careers
b. the reservoir of innate, primitive, asocial, sexual, and aggressive urges with which a child
is born
c. the turmoil that may affect individual’s life during middle-age
d. the inability to reconcile the image one has of her/ himself with actual skills, potential and
activities, or with the image she/he has based on other people’s expectations
____ 80. identity crisis
____ 81. midlife crisis
____ 82. empty nest syndrome
____ 83. id

Testing grammar. Match the actual sentences with the reported statements:

a. I remarked it wasn’t so foggy that day as it had been a day before.

b. She said one day she would go away and they would be sorry.
c. He pointed out I hadn’t paid him quite enough.
d. The boy said he was going fishing that Afternoon
e. The builders explained they liked working on Sundays because they got double pay.
____ 84. `We like working on Sundays because we get double pay,`` explained the buiders.
____ 85. ``I’m going fishing this afternoon said the boy.
____ 86. `It isn’t so foggy today as it was yesterday``, I remarked.
____ 87. ``You haven’t paid me quite enough``, he pointed out.
____ 88. ``One day I``ll go away and you’ll be sorry``, she said

Testing grammar. Match the following commands and requests to the reported forms:

a. He told me not to use bent coins in a slot machine.

b. She asked for a cup of coffee
c. He asked me to sign the book.
d. He asked me not to smoke.
e. He told me to sit down.
____ 89. ``Sit down``
____ 90. ``Please don’t smoke``
____ 91. ``Don’t use bent coins in a slot machine``
____ 92. ``Could you sign the book please?``
____ 93. ``Could I have a cup of coffee?``

Testing conceptual vocabulary. Match the words to the definitions:

a. tension
b. troubled and uneasy in mind
c. frequent absence from work or school
d. unable to relax, nervous
e. pressure
____ 94. stress
____ 95. absenteeism
____ 96. tense
____ 97. strain
____ 98. anxious

Testing vocabulary. Match the words to the words to form collocations (words that go together) :

a. disappointed
b. your batteries
c. fitness
d. hopes
e. airports
f. relationships
g. circle
h. Flights
____ 99. family
____ 100. vicious
____ 101. crowded
____ 102. delayed
____ 103. physical
____ 104. deeply
____ 105. recharge
____ 106. high

Testing grammar. Match the words and phrases with similar meanings:

a. doesn’t fall over easily

b. don’t take up much space
c. unfavourable changes
d. not loud
e. strongly made
f. easy to pick up and carry
____ 107. low voice
____ 108. portable typewriters
____ 109. high stability
____ 110. robust construction
____ 111. compact things
____ 112. adverse effects

Testing grammar. Match the adjectives with the descriptions:

a. a sudden, very large change

b. a sudden, large change
c. a very small change
d. a regular change (not sudden)
____ 113. slight
____ 114. sharp
____ 115. dramatic
____ 116. steady

Testing grammar. Match to the conclusions 1-3:

a. He is going to leave the company

b. We are going to be late
c. It is going to go bankrupt
____ 117. The company is in serious financial difficulty.
____ 118. My boss is looking for another job.
____ 119. We should have left much earlier.

Testing vocabulary.Match the adjectives from job advertisements with the good explanations to show your
abilities:

If you are:

a. you can adapt to changing circumstances

b. you can make others see your viewpoint
c. you can find practical solutions
d. you can speak two languages
e. you can think clearly
____ 120. bilingual
____ 121. logical
____ 122. flexible
____ 123. persuasive
____ 124. pragmatic

Short Answer

125. Testing comprehension. Fill in the blanks in the following text with the words listed below.Modify their form
if necessary:

Anxiety, communication, needs, aggressive, wishes, assertive, passive, feelings, negotiate, win,
self-confidence
Over the past few years, many people have learned another way of behaving, a middle course between being
(1)........or(2), the (3).......way. It is a way of communicating clearly one’s (4)....., (5).......and/or (6).......while
at the same tome respecting the needs, wishes and feelings of others. It is not about (7)........all the time, rather
more about (8)......life without constant (9).......or lack of (10)........ .It is usually a more appropriate and a
more effective form of (11)........