RHA # 1: Recitation Homework Assignment #1 First Name : Ianne Merh Last Name: Tuazon Section # LD06

Complete the following table concerning bacterial cell structures:

To receive credit, the information above must be completed and this assignment must be turned in to your instructor at the beginning of our ne!t recitation class. It is acceptable to use the internet, your te t, lecture notes or any other !ritten information" ho!ever, the work an" wor"ing must be our own. #ou !ill receive no credit for !or$ that is copied from someone else or directly from an original source. %&ote' I used ()( format for citation*reference.

Structure

Function

Associate" with #isease$ %&es or No' ( #escribe )ro*i"e reference+s,

&-S Helicobacter pylori, the ulcer, causing bacteria uses multiple flagella to move into the mucus lining of the stomach -.aiser, /00/1.

Flagellum (flagella)

+lagella are responsible for the locomotion or motility of a microorganism.

Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhimurium have also flagella structure. 2perm cells in human have this structure to propel itself in the female reproductive tract. Immotile sperm can lead to male infertility -3+lagellum, n.d.1. &-S

Axial fibrils 2pirochetes4 motility

5auman -/00/1 noted that a ial filaments can be found in spirochetes such as Treponema palidum !hich is an agent of syphilis, and Borrelia burgdorferi !hich causes Lyme disease. -p. 661

&-S 5auman -/00/1 e plained that glycocalyces ma$es bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumonia, a ma7or cause of pneumonia, and Klebsiella pneumonia !hich can cause destructive changes to human lungs if aspirated, resists from dying against the human immunologic defense. -p. 601 &-S +imbriae enhances the bacteria4s adherence !ith a host to cause disease. Neisseria gonorrhoeae attaches its fimbriae into the reproductive tract to cause gonorrhea disease. -5auman, /00/, p. 6=1 .aiser -/0061 gave other e amples of bacterium !ith fimbriae such as Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Escherichia coli !hich can cause bloody diarrhea and >TI, and Bordetella pertussis, causative agent of !hooping cough. 5acterial cell !all is composed of peptidoglycan and provides rigidity, shape, barrier and protection from cell lysis. &-S ?ram,negative cell !all bacteria can cause several types of infections and diseases. &ational Institute of (llergy and Infectious Diseases -/00/1 reported that ?ram, negative cell !all have demonstrated drug resistance

Capsule, Slime layers (Glycocalyces)

It is associated for protecting the bacteria against phagocytic engulfment and destruction, and it aids for attachment to environmental surfaces.

Fimbriae

Its function is to adhere to other surfaces such as to 3mucosal surfaces and inflammatory cells in vitro8 -9onnell et al., 0::6, p.:;/<1

Cell Wall

such as E. coli, agent of urinary tract infections, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, !hich causes bloodstream infections and pneumonia and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, agent of gonorrhea. &-S Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) L)2 prevents cell dying, and it provides permeability barriers, antigenic strain and adherence for colonization. The outer membrane of a ?ram,negative cell !all such as in Escherichia coli, prevents bacterial destruction in severe environments. -5auman, /00/, p. 6;1 &-S 2ilverman and @stro -0:::1 e plained that bacterial It is embedded in the outer endoto ins are associated !ith membrane and is the lipid portion of systemic diseases such as the L)2. It can 3trigger fever, sepsis and septic shoc$. It is vasodilation, inflammation, shoc$ and also lin$ed !ith meningococcal blood clotting8 -5rauman, /00/, p. disease -e.g. 6;1. Meningocococcemia, meningitis1 caused by Neisseria meningitidis.

E do!oxi

R-F-R-NC-S 5auman, A. -Bd.1. -/00/1. icrobiology !ith "iseases by Body System -6rd ed.1 2an

+rancisco, 9(' 5en7amin 9ummings. 9onnell, C., (gace, D., .lemm, )., 2chembri, M., Marild, 2., E 2vanborg, 9. -0::61. Type 0 fimbrial e pression enhances Bscherichia coli virulence for the urinary tract. PN#S, :6, :;/<,:;6/. +lagellum. -n.d.1 Aetrieved 2eptember 00, /006, from http'**en.!i$ipedia.org* !i$i*+lagellum .aiser, ?. -/006, 2ept.1. The ?rapes of 2taph FDeb log postG. Aetrieved from http'**faculty.ccbcmd.edu*courses*bio0=0*lecguide*unit0*prostruct*pili.html &ational Institute of (llergy and Infectious Diseases. -/00/, (pril1. (ntimicrobial Drug Aesistance. Aetrieved from http'**!!!.niaid.nih.gov*topics* antimicrobialresistance*e amples*gramnegative*)ages*default.asp 2ilverman, M., E @stro, M. -0:::1. 5acterial Bndoto in in Cuman Disease. Aetrieved from http'**!!!.biostrategics.com*$pmgendo.pdf