Ministry of Education and Science, Youth and Sports of Ukraine Department of Education and Science of the Chernihiv Regional

State Administration Chernihiv territorial department of Small Science Academy of Ukraine

Department: Philology and Arts Section: English Basic discipline: English

LEXICAL-SEMANTIC PECULIARITIES OF PUBLICISTIC TEXTS ABOUT EURO 2012

By: Bolonnikova Kateryna, student at Chernihiv Magnet School #1, Form 9 Scientific supervisor: Vasylyeva Olena Hryhorivna Head of the Germanic Philology department, Chernihiv National Pedagogical University named after T.H. Shevchenko PhC degree, Associate Professor

Chernihiv - 2012

CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS..3 INTRODUCTION...4 PART . PUBLICISTIC TEXT AS AN OBJECT OF LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS...7 1.1. Peculiarities of publicistic text...7 1.1.1. Publicistic style..7 1.1.2. The publicistic text: functional characteristics.......8 1.1.3. Lexical-stylistic peculiarities of the publicistic text...9 1.2. Word as a text unit....10 1.3. Research methodology of lexical-semantic organization of the text11 PART . THEMATICAL CLASSIFICATION OF NEWSPAPER ARTICLES ABOUT EURO 2012..14 2.1 Thematic distribution of texts....14 2.2 Thematic groups of the key words.17 2.3 The structure of the semantic space of the English-language articles about EURO 2012.24 SUMMARY....26 REFERENCES..28 APPENDIX.36

ABBREVIATIONS SP semantic space TG thematic group TSG thematic subgroup

INTRODUCTION

In modern linguistics, significant theoretical changes have taken place. Instead of the previous theoretical base here comes another one, which is called anthropocentric. The anthropocentric turn in linguistics is caused by the shift of the researchers attention from the question of how the language is organized to the question of how the language functions. As a result, the necessity of formation and development of a new approach to the analysis and interpretation of the language material appears. The impossibility of giving an answer to the question about language functioning, based solely on the knowledge on the language organization, has identified a general tendency to reviewing the theoretical foundations of all disciplines. By the end of the century, there has been a significant regain in the rights of intuition and introspection (self-analysis), which, undoubtedly, can be explained by the increasing attention to the human factor, subjectivity in linguistics [9, .83], i.e. to what the human impact on the language is, that is how the one uses the language in speech and how the peculiarities of the language reflect persons outlook. Due to the mentioned, contemporary Linguistics tends to study lingual units which function in the text through comprehensive analysis and in particular their lexical-semantic organization research. It enables us to comprehend the interconnectedness of the surface structure of the text, its text tissue including the meanings of the words used, as well as functions of the texts in a certain social space [13]. What is drawing increasing public attention in European countries today is the EURO 2012 UEFA Football Championship (see Extra C). Consequently, the circulation of various written publicistic texts which report the EURO 2012 championship gains a rapid pace. These texts differ in their objectives, as well as thematically and functionally. This causes the peculiarities of their lexical-semantic space, which we aim to establish in our investigation. To achieve the goal the following tasks have been carried out: to identify the specific features of publicistic texts through (the) scientific literature analysis ;

to categorize the texts of the English-language articles about EURO 2012 into thematic groups; to put the vocabulary, used in the articles under (the) semantic (componential) analysis; to model the semantic space of the English-language articles about EURO 2012. The topicality of this work can be explained by the general interest of contemporary linguistics to the studying of structure, semantics and the functions of lingual units, and also its tendency to clarifying the peculiarities of the national outlooks impact on different types of lingual works. A brief review of the scientific literature on this topic has shown that, (the) publicistic text has been studied in numerous works, however, the texts, dedicated to the European Football Championship Euro 2012, havent been the object of linguistic analysis yet. The following hypothesis has been put forward in this work: The written texts of modern journalism, depending upon the purpose of writing and functions, differ in their lexical-semantic peculiarities. In order to achieve our aim we chose the object of the research the text surface (tissue) of the EURO 2012 texts written in English. The subject of the work is their lexicalsemantic peculiarities. The material for the analysis consists of 50 articles, taken from such online newspapers as Kyiv Weekly, New York Times, The SUN, Huffington Post, International Business Times, Daily Mail, Kyiv Post, the official information portal of UEFA, and the like. In the research we used such methods as: Descriptive-analytical method to describe the lexical units which were used in the texts; Componential analysis to decomposing the meanings of words into semantic components (semes); The method of thematic groups to classify the vocabulary of the texts into thematic groups; Functional analysis to identify the functions of the analyzed texts;

Quantitative calculations to count up the unit weight of thematic groups and subgroups of the texts and sentences under analysis.

Lexical-semantic peculiarities of publicistic texts about EURO 2012, that havent been the subject of any profound analysis yet, now have been analyzed, which reports the novelty of the data obtained. Furthermore, the model of the semantic space of the texts analyzed is given in our investigation. The practical significance of the research is in the data obtained which may serve as a basis for further studies on similar publications and improvements in understanding of lexical-semantic processes in contemporary English. They may also be useful while studying such topics as Sports, Ukraine, Leisure, and Culture during the classes of English at schools and discussions at English-speaking clubs. The structure of the scientific research work: the work consists of introduction, 2 parts with their subparts, general summaries, the list of references which include 26 items and the list of the texts analyzed (50), 3 extras on 6 pages. The full amount of the scientific research work has 42 pages of computer typing, 24 pages out of them have the main text. The work has 2 schemes.

PART PUBLICISTIC TEXT AS AN OBJECT OF LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS

The texts of the articles about EURO 2012 are the texts which have different purpose of writing and thus there are some peculiarities in terms of their lexical organization and functioning. Thats why in this part of our work we aim to describe such a lingual phenomenon as a publicistic text and clarify which role lexical units with their lexical meaning play in its formation.

1.1.

The peculiarities of publicistic text

1.1.1.

The area of usage of the publicistic style is often political, social, educational

mass agitation. It is characterized by accuracy, consistency, logical presentation of the leading abstracts along with their emotional colouring. The general aim of the publicistic style is to exert influence on public opinion, to convince the reader or the listener that the interpretation given by the writer or the speaker is the only correct one and to cause him to accept the point of view expressed in the speech, essay or article not merely by logical argumentation, but by emotional appeal as well [18]. The main features of journalism include: address to a broad audience; combination of logical arguments and polemic presentation; combination of dates, exact names of events, location, participants; presentation of scientific terms and facts through imagery; a number of bright positive or negative interpretation of the authors interpretation; the abundant use of emotive words, similes and metaphors as one of the media for the cognitive process; synthesis of the scientific, official, business, artistic and conversational style components [24, p. 296-297].

The publicistic style may find its implementation in a speech, article, pamphlet, anecdote [21], which are considered to be the genres of the publicistic style.

1.1.2. (The) publicistic text: functional characteristics. Contemporary Ukrainian linguist .. Selivanova, defines text as a holistic cognitive form of psychic, and cognitive human activity, which is organized and used in communication [13, p. 332]. Moreover, it is a complex communicative mechanism, which serves as an informer and is a connection between the one who creates a text (the sender) and the one who perceives it (the recipient) [4, . 12]. A text is formed by an author who speaks or writes in accordance with his idea, with the aim of better delivery of the content. The text is corrected during the stages of inner, cognitive preparation for expounding, or while self-redaction, if the text is written, according to stylistic principles of the language and communicative rules to every separate situation. The mentioned aims to provide (the) understanding of the text and cause a certain reaction [6, . 299]. Ergo, text is a structurally organized language work which is created by the rules of a certain language in order to convey information while socializing. As the situations of socializing may be diverse, the texts created also differ in their purpose, functions, and lexical-semantic organization. Contemporary publicistic text is a dynamic object of research, which reflects the language system progression, sharply reacts to the changes in social, political, economic life of society, to the advance in the scientific-technical branch, informationalcommunicative area and so on. At the same time, an inner controversy of the mass media language, in which has such features as dynamism and conservatism, informativeness and expressivity, and dependence on the language priorities of the socium, is shown. In a publicistic written piece the author usually describes the situation; poses the question; puts forward his opinion and the means to achieving the aim [25]. As a textual variety of the literate language, serving to convey information, (the) publicistic text is characterized by multifunctionalisn, which is implemented by the

combination of the interpersonal and informative functions, which provides their common implementation in order to complete the task to influence and persuade the reader. The latter causes such characteristics of the publicistic text as modernism, and consequently rapid and drastic changes in the content and linguistic expression of (the) publicistic texts [7, . 275]. One of the most important is the statement function which is a necessary condition to persuade the reader. The statement reflects the authors personal opinion, position on the issue, his conviction, which is provided by the usage of compound structures [16, . 294]. In (the) publicistic text the function of necessity also plays a significant role as journalism tends to interpret new phenomena in the peoples life, paving the way for the new in human consciousness and rejecting all antiquated.

1.1.3.

Lexical-stylistic peculiarities of publicistic text. In its external form (the)

publicistic text may be solely informative (objective statement of facts) [23, . 1], or present the authors vision of the problem [25]. The clash of these opposing tendencies leads to a steadiness of the mass media vocabulary, on the one hand, on the other hand, is a powerful impetus for development of their language [20]. The main language tools of journalism distinguish:

socio-political and socio-economic terms, appeals, slogans; polisemic, figurative, emotional vocabulary, expressive words; diverse terms often used in a figurative sense; different types of interrogative, exclamatory and incentive clauses, inversion,

rhetorical questions, repetitions;

aphorisms, quotations, phraseological units, etc. [21, 24].

Among the methods of depicting the text, the most notable is the highlight which occurs predominantly in attributive compound sentences giving them expression and directing the reader's attention to certain elements, for example: A GRISLY jumble of dogs lies dead slaughtered in the name of football; In the capital Kiev alone, experts say as many as 20,000 have been slain in the past year [51].

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As we can see, a word is the principle tool for the organization of (a) publicistic text, which enables to express different ideas in accordance with its purpose and theme.

1.2.

A word as a text unit

A word is a carrier of a complex of values which have different degrees of generalization [9], above all lexical and grammatical [17; 22]. During the word analysis, its phonetical, morphological, and semantic structures are distinguished, its membership of a particular part of speech is identified, because it shows the grammatical categories accordingly caused by the system of the language (for example, the nouns in the English language have categories of gender, number, and case [19], and also set functions in the sentence, and wider in the text [10]. The main word functions are considered to be: 1. Nominative the function naming objects, processes, qualities, etc; 2. Expressive the function expressing the inner world of a human by which author appears to readers as a personality; 3. Aesthetic the function of creating beauty; 4. Cultural the function representing culture; 5. Informative the function of conveying information; 6. The function of impact on the recipient [1]. Inside the word, the concepts which are the result of the human cognitive activity are formed, expressed and conveyed. According to J.M. Hrek-Krylova, semantic units reflect the subjects characteristics, serve as the main units in orientation in the text, provide the consistency of the thought inside a particular context, depict the subject, phenomena, feelings, images, contain the information which is which is a part of transition from feeling to thought [8]. The concepts, described by words, are the basis of these words meanings. Lexical meaning is the correlation between words and objects, phenomena, processes, attitudes, patterns of reality and the concepts about them. However, the language could not perform the communicative function if it tried to give a separate name to each subject. A word

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names a particular subject and all the other subjects of the same type and also the concepts of this type of subjects. It means, (the) word generalizes the main cherecteristics of an entire class of subjects and forms the concepts of them in its lexical meaning [15]. The words with multiple lexical meanings are called polisemic. Polysemy occurs when people notice similar features in subjects, phenomena, and thus transfer the name of a certain subject onto another one: head of a person (direct value) head of the department head of the people head of everything headway. Thereby, (the) polisemic words may have either a direct value (the principal, original meaning of (the/a) word which is directly close to reality) or a figurative value: black dress (direct value) black heart (cruel heart), black gold (black gold is another name of petroleum), black people (representatives of the Negroid race), black coffee (coffee without milk in it) figurative values. The transfer of words meanings by some specific feature is the basis for the nascency of figurative meanings of words, i.e. for the development of the verbal art of language, polysemy of language, phraseology, etc. The rich advanced vocabulary provides a finer perception of the world, deeper and more accurate penetration of thinking as for the entire society, so for each individual who owns this wealth [2]. Inside the lexical-phraseological system of language, the units are grouped by different principles, including the thematic, when the groups of words and phraseologisms are formed to describe different concepts. Words and phraseologisms of different groups are used when creating texts of diverse thematic focus, allowing to express opinions concerning the named concepts. Therefore, the research of thematic distribution of the texts vocabulary leads us to the conclusions about their topics and, ultimately, the purpose of their creation and the ideas incorporated in them by the author.

1.3.

Research methodology of lexical-semantic organization of the text

Method (Greek. methodos research, cognition) a system of rules and and techniques of studying the laws and phenomena of nature, society and thinking; a way to achieve certain results in knowledge and practice, that is the way of theoretical and

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practical understanding of reality [3]. To study lexical-semantic organization of the text, contemporary linguists often use descriptive-analytical method, combining it with other methods and techniques of linguistic analysis and synthesis. The oldest and most popular principal method is the descriptive. The descriptive method is a systematic inventory of lingual units and (the) explanation of their structural and functional peculiarities at a certain (given) stage of the language development, i.e. in synchrony. In the descriptive method such successive stages are distinguished: 1) Selection of the units of analysis (phonemes, morphemes, lexemes, constructions, etc.); 2) division of the selected units (secondary segmentation): division of sentences into phrases, the phrases into word forms, word forms into morphemes, morphemes into phonemes, phonemes into differential signs; 3) classification and interpretation of the units selected [5]. Analysis is mental or practical division of the whole into parts. Synthesis is mental or practical connection of parts in the unit. Cognition of the subject in its entirety provides first partition it into components and then consideration each of them (analysis). Knowing the subject as a unity of the diverse, the totality of features gives the synthesis. Only the unity of analysis and synthesis provides an objective, adequate reflection of reality [12, s.140]. An illustration to the simultaneous use of analysis and synthesis in linguistics is the procedure of (the) componential analysis of the words meanings. Firstly, the values are decomposed into elementary semantic components (semes) (a boy = "a human being" + "young" + "male"; a girl = "a human being" + "young" + "female sex"). After (the) identification of the semes is the procedure of their synthesis. If the synthesis gives the same meaning as the analyzed word has, we can assume that the componential analysis has been conducted correctly [5]. Componential analysis enables to determine the semes which make up the words meanings. Among semes, such as archiseme the family seme of the meaning which points at the category to which the object named belongs, and differential semes the

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semes whish contain information about the differences between the objects of the same category, are distinguished [14]. The semes which remain the same in the values of several words are called integral as they enable to consolidate, integrate words into thematically homogeneous groups. This is followed by some common qualities of the units of one thematic group and in particular the similarity of their lexical meaning. Such unification of words is known as the method of thematic groups (TG) [5], which can examine () semantic features of the basic text units more accurately and thus its lexical-semantic organization. The share of the TG can be calculated by () quantitative analysis. Accordingly, (the) publicistic is an interesting object of research in modern Linguistics as having peculiar characteristics it performs different functions, enables the author to reach certain aims, demonstrates all the languages richnesses and its possible implementations. The lingists who study publicistic texts use a number of methods for their research, in particular the descriptive and componential analysis for studying semantics, which we also aim to do in our research.

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PART THEMATICAL CLASSIFICATION OF NEWSPAPER ARTICLES ABOUT EURO 2012 2.1 Thematic distribution of texts

Depending upon their purpose and functions, the publications about EURO 2012 can be divided into the following thematic groups (See Pic.A.2): 1. TG Preparations (68%) The texts of the following TG contain an overview of the preparatory process in Ukraine and Poland for EURO 2012 in accordance with the UEFA requirements and accompanying nuances. The purpose of the texts of this thematic section is to notify the future visitors of the state of preparedness of the host cities for the event and of some local life aspects as well as possible hurldes. The function of these publications lies in providing (the) tourists with the necessary information. This TG may be divided into 3 thematic subgroups (TSG): Organizational issues, Social aspects of the preparations and Disciplinary aspects of the preparation. 1.1. The TSG Organizational issues (46%) is concentrated mainly on the readiness of the host contries for the sports event i.e. on the avalability of the conditions, and also on omnifarious events for improving and extending the offers for the future tourists. The current reservation lists, availability of the tickets for the championship, and also the latest news about the players can be reviewed through the texts of this TSG. Ergo, the purpose of the texts of this TSG is to provide the future visitors of the championship with the necessary information on it. 1.2. The TSG Social aspects of the preparations (12%) includes the review of the possible social hurdles on the way of the football championship and in particular the problems of racism, nacism, and a big difference of the national mentalities. It also touches upon the measures taken in order to improve conditions and the social readiness to accept all the aspects of the event. The trainings conducted for Ukrainian police officers are a typical example of such measures. The purpose of these texts is to set peaceful

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relatios between all the fans through drawing their attention to the norms of public morality. The function of the publications on this theme lies in the tolerance propaganda. 1.3. The TSG Disciplinary aspects of the preparations (10%) focuses the readers attention on the issues and problems of breaking the common rules, including the competition rules themselves. The problems of doping and the judges subjectivity are a vivid example. The texts of this TSG should decrease the violations, and in particular the usage of doping, and also create a positive image of the championship. Thereby, the publications on this theme perform the educational functional, encouraging all the readers not to break the common rules. 2. TG Competitions (14%) In the texts of this TG, the review of the current problems relating to the competition violations is given, and also the review of the rules which regulate the procedure of holding the champioship. The purpose of the texts of this TG is to notify the fans of any changes in the competition rules, or any other related issues, to give the analysis or critics on the current events which touch upon the tournament. The main function of these publications lies in providing the fans with the necessary information on the competitions. 3. TG EURO 2012 (4%) The publications of this TG touch upon the presentation of EURO 2012 and some additional informarion on the sense of the event, which is dedicated not solely to the prospective tourists, but to a broad audience. The purpose of the texts of this TG is to present and popularize the 2012 European Football Championship. The function of the publicities on this theme lies in providing the fans, prospective tourists or ordinary readers with basic facts about EURO 2012. 4. TG Business partnership (10%) Among the articles about EURO 2012 there are those which aim to invite external supporters and prospective partners of the EURO 2012 events to participate in tenders, thus some of the articles aim to adverise those business-partners. The purpose of such texts is to encourage to invest in the EURO 2012 events, though advertising the already approved sponsors (some local and foreign companies). Thereby, these texts perfom the

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stimulus function through providing both the prospective companies-sponsors and the reader with some information in the form of advertisement. 5. Stakeholders (4%) The publications gathered in this TG review the UEFA relations and cooperation with clubs, ligues, players unions, supporters groups, the Professional Football Strategy Council, the European Union, other teams of the sports federations and universities. Particular attention is focused on attracting young people to cooperate with EURO 2012, advertising, training future assistants to work with tourists and fans, and also to the volunteerism promotion in the community. The purpose of these texts is the highlight of the prospects of holding EURO 2012 for the host countries, volunteers who take part in the event, or any other stakeholders. The function of the publications on this theme lies in drawing the attention of different sides to the 2012 European Football Championship. Ergo, in the English-language articles about EURO 2012 different problems are raised, related to the organization of the championship, the preparations level of the host countries, peculiarities of taking part in the championship and visiting it. Accordingly, the array of the publications studied consists of 5 G of the texts which perform diverse functions. The major among them are the informative function (the statement of facts), the function of impact (stimulus), the interpersonal function, the expressive function, and also the educational function the function of inoculation of rules and regulations, the function of propaganda and the function of consolidation of society. In the analyzed case, the TG Preparations (68%) got to be the most numerous, that is exactly the TSG Organizational issues (46%), while the least numerous the TG EURO 2012 (4%), which shows particular attention of the English-speaking communities to such issues as the organization of the event and providing the necessary conditions for (the) consumers.

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2.2. Thematic groups of the key words

The texts pertaining to a certain thematic area are saturated with characteristic lexis, which constitutes their lexical-semantic peculiarities. Lets have a look at the key verbs, nouns, and adjectives of each thematic group. In texts presented in SG Organizational issues of G Preparations among the key words representing their semantic space, one may distinguish: 1) verbs_denoting: - organizational activities: to provide, to implement, to hold, to prepare, to involve; - the stage of activity: to complete, to continue; - legal action: to legalize, to sign; - cerebration: to remind, to remember; - speech: to announce, to add; 2) nouns denoting: - titles: UEFA President, UEFA General Secretary, EU Commissioner for Enlargement and Neighbourhood Policy; - public institutions: stadium, concert hall; - cultural events: finals, celebrations; - evaluation: magnitude, significance; - mental state: commitment, responsibility, enthusiasm; - time: time, countdown, milestone, day; - the stage of activity: advent, coming. 3) adjectives denoting: - size: small, huge; - evaluation: tremendous, significant; - quality: fine, great; - time: soon-to-be-opened, temporary. Ergo, the lexis used within texts of the given TSG demonstrates the Englishspeaking societys attention toward various aspects of the organization, including legal issues, as well as the venue and time of the event framed by EURO 2012. The event itself

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is given utmost importance, which is clear from the active usage of nouns and adjectives denoting evaluation. The people organizing the championship, as shown by the texts, put much effort, particularly intellectual effort, into action. In texts presented in SG Social aspects of the preparations of G Preparations distinguish: 1) verbs_denoting: - the stage of activity: to stop, to call for an end; - damage: to kill, to slay, to poison, to slaughter; -organization: to manage, to finance, to adopt, to accept, to meet; among the key words representing their semantic space, one may

- impression: to shock, to make an impression; - legislation: to make [the moratorium] legally binding; - cerebration: to be aware; - mental state: to rely; - speech: to say, to report. 2) nouns denoting: - titles: minister, a spokesman for the environment ministry; - social status: activists, representatives, citizens, member; - opinion: comments, suggestions, criticism; - social phenomena: protests, terrorism, participation, [terrorist] attacks; - communities: organization, team, group, population, ministry; - prediction: risk, threat; 3) adjectives denoting: - domain: military, football; - evaluation: poor, fantastic; Ergo, the lexis used within texts of the given TSG demonstrates the English-speaking societys attention toward numerous communities and o rganizations perceiving the event in a negative way. Much attention is drawn to considerable flaws in the preparations, as well as the threats imposed upon society and environment. This is clear from the active usage of verbs denoting the stage of action, phenomena, damage, as well as the nouns

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denoting menace and numerous dangerous social incidents. People and organizations not only those of the host countries, but also from abroad, are worrying about the ongoing and gather to combat all the problems. Thus, we may see verbs denoting cerebration, speech, and nouns denoting opinion and evaluation. In texts presented in SG Disciplinary aspects of the preparations of G Preparations distinguish: 1) verbs denoting: - hyperbolization: to oversubscribe, to fill [30 times] over; - organization: to hold, to reserve, to allocate; - perception: to wath, to view, to follow; - legislation: to apply, to subscribe, to request; - speech: to inform, to note. 2) nouns_denoting: - football titles: referee, assistant referee, footballs lawmakers; - documents: tickets, applications, lotteries; - organization: promoting, monitoring. 3) adjectives denoting: - domain: drug-testing, anti-doping, governing [body]; - evaluation: unique, crucial. Ergo, the lexis used within texts of this TG stands for concerns of the Englishspeaking society as for the disciplinary responsibility imposed upon the EURO 2012 participants and the correlating preparation measures, those including documentation and legislation. People, as shown by the texts, are trying to influence the thread of events, which is clear from the active usage of verbs denoting organization, directions, hyberbolization, etc. In the texts within TG Competition among the key words representing their semantic space one may distinguish: 1) verbs denoting: - cerebration: to qualify, to take [important decisions], to determine; among the key words representing their semantic space, one may

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- mental state: to aim; - perception: to hear, to notice; - organization: to allow, to give the green light; - aspects of the game: to be drawn [with Spain], to beat, to appear [in the championships]; - speech: to say, to note. 2) nouns_denoting: - status: participant, player, supporter, fan, spectator; - aspects of the game: penalty area, the goal line, gates. 3) adjectives denoting: - quality: professional, high-stakes; - evaluation: a formidable [challenge], unique, boasting. Ergo, the lexis used within the tets of the given TG demonstrates the Englishspeaking societys concern for aspects of the actual game of EURO 2012, the latest hot intrigues and reputation of participating teams. Natural of professional football, the picture exposed to the fans is thoroughly analyzed, with according conclusions made to draw the big audiences. The lexis is football-specific, with verbs and nouns denoting aspects of the game. Their cerebral activity is corroborated by the active usage of verbs denoting mental state, perception, cerebration, and speech. In the texts within TG EURO 2012 among the key words representing their semantic space, one may distinguish: 1) verbs denoting: - perception: to follow, to listen; - organization: to stage, to lead; - stage of activity: to advance, to progress; - speech: to say, to report; 2) nouns_denoting: - titles: UEFA president; - status: organisers; - EURO 2012 representation: mascots, logo, slogan;

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- cultural events: poll, ballot; - aspects of cultural events: votes; 3) adjectives denoting: - quality: successful, capable; - evaluation: wonderful. As we can see, the lexis used within the given TG demonstrated the Engloshspeaking societys attention toward history of the championship organization and administration. This is clear from the active usage of nouns denoting status, as well as evaluative adjectives. Another point luring the reader is the interesting facts about the football championship representative elements in form of nouns. In the texts within TG Business partnerships among the key words representing their semantic space, one may distinguish: 1) verbs denoting: - cerebration: to assume, to consider; - organization: to activate, sign up, to manage, to organise; - monetary transactions: to make donations, to contribute, to fund, to sponsor; - size increase: to extend, to expand, to increase; - speech: to say, to report; 2) nouns_denoting: - titles: operations director; - status: sponsor, partner; - documents: marketing rights, contract; - economic phenomena: sponsorship, branch; 3) adjectives denoting: - duration: long-term, long-standing, ongoing; - evaluation: brilliant [reputation], unique. Ergo, the lexis used within texts of the given TG demonstrates strategic importance of business partnerships for EURO 2012. Internationl brands, as shown by the texts, are willing to sign partnership contracts with UEFA. This is clear from the usage of verbs denoting domain, as well as adjectives denoting duration. Such relations are accompanied

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by financial agreements, documentally fixed, as far as the verbs denoting monetary transactions and nouns denoting documentation and economic phenomena prove. In texts within TG Stakeholders among the key words representing their semantic space, one may distinguish: 1) verbs_denoting: - emotion: to enjoy; - mental state: to hope, to justify; - stage of activity: to result, to conclude; - legal action: to be granted; - influence: to trigger; - speech: to say, to report; 2)nouns_denoting: - status: volunteer; - economic phenomena: an investment boom, an investment, funding, profit, dept; 3) adjectives denoting: - international relations: visa-free; - evaluation: of high [interest]. Ergo, the lexis used within texts of the given TG, demonstrates the stakeholders interest toward organizational aspects of the championship. This is clear from the usage of verbs denoting international relations, nouns denoting titles and status. Without doubt, legal relations between stakeholders are always accompanied by financial agreements, which is proven by the usage in texts within TG Stakeholders nouns denoting economic phenomena and adjectives denoting international relations. Having analyzed the key verbs, nouns, and adjectives of each TG within the context of EURO 2012, one may arrive at the conclusion that every TG is saturated with its particular lexis demonstrating particular concepts.

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2.3 The semantic space structure of articles on EURO 2012

Semantic space (SP) of a language is constituted by all the meanings of words of the lexis that perception of reality, expressed by means of lingual units [11, p. 26, 62]. Accordingly, the SP of publicistic texts on EURO 2012 are defined as combined meanings of all the words used. The main part is made up of the concepts kept in human mind and containing information of these or those fragment of reality. Therefore to model the SP of publicistic texts on EURO 2012 we are to determine the meaning that the words within these texts carry. Preliminary analysis gives grounds to say that among the key concepts that make up the knowledge base of the studied texts are the following: - Action (organizational, legal, physical, mental, speech) - Stages of activity ( start, course, end) - Event (cultural event, social phenomenon, football game) - Documentation (organizational, legal, financial, representative) - Economics (economic phenomena, monetary transactions) - People (titles of officers, title representatives of associations / organizations, status of persons involved in the tournament, persons involved in the football game) - Time - Space They are tighly interwoven, forming an informational structure that consists of concepts and connections between them. The aforesaid structure is modeled on Pic.A.1. (See Appendix A) It is clear from the scheme that talking about EURO 2012, the Englishspeaking world pays a lot of attention to people who have to do something with the

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championship, actions which they undertake, and activities that engage them. Moreover, the sphere of attention is taken by the date and venue for which the championship is scheduled, with feedback on every noteworthy detail. This way, put under through scrutiny is the venue of the championshipUkraine (See Appendix B).

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SUMMARY

As a result of the anthropocentric shift in linguistics, the study of different-level lingual units functioning within the texts, and their lexical-semantic organization in particular, has acquired particular expediency. The object of this study is the Englishlanguage journalism on EURO 2012, released in connection with the upcoming football championship. Regarding the study material, comprising over 50 articles, we used descriptiveanalytical method to describe the lexis encountered throughout the journalism; the quantative method to calculate the net value TG of TSG of the scrutinized units; the method of componential analysis to cut the word meanings into semantic components; the method of thematic classification to unify the text lexis into thematic groups; the functional analysis to determine the functions of scrutinized texts. In the final outcome the massif of all scrutinized publications was thematically divided into 5 TG of tests performing different functions according to their main purpose. Generally, thematic coloring of the text determines the lexis used by their authors, which may fix, by means of its concept, the most interesting phenomena as for the English-speaking society. Having analyzed the key verbs, nouns, and adjectives of each of the TGs, we identified the conceptual framework of the EURO 2012 journalism semantic space. The SP, in its turn, we defined as all the words meanings used within the given texts. The concepts that make up the base of the identified semantic space are logically interwoven, which is clear from the SP model of EURO 2012 journalism that we created. It is laso clear from the model that, speaking about EURO 2012, the English-speaking world pays attention to people who take part in the championship, actions that they undertake, domains that engage them. Moreover, the sphere of attention is taken by the date and venue for which the championship is scheduled, with feedback on every noteworthy detail. This way, put under through scrutiny is the venue of the championship Ukraine.

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A detiled semantic analysis of texts on EURO 2012 can be a perspective for further development of our research topic, as well as comparative analysis of lexical means of representation of the corresponding concepts in Ukrainian journalism.

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SCRUTINIZED TEXTS: EURO 2012 threats for Ukraine // Kyiv Weekly. 3 2011. [Digital

26.

resource]. Access mode: http://kyivweekly.com.ua/accent/Euro%202012/2011/10/03/152747.html 27. Euro 2012 Playoffs: First Among Seconds // The New York Times. 13 2011. [Digital resource]. Access mode: http://goal.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/10/13/euro2012-playoffs-first-among-seconds/?pagemode=print 28. Travel Guide Ukraine for guests 2012 will help foreigners to find necessary facilities in Ukraine during the EURO-2012 Championship and after it // Kyiv Weekly. 25 2011. [Digital resource]. Access mode: http://kyivweekly.com.ua/accent/news/2011/10/25/123004.html 29. Co-hosts mark 500 days until UEFA EURO 2012 // UEFA.com. 25 2011. [Digital resource]. Access mode: http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/news/newsid=1588503.html 30. Ukraine's Euro 2012 preparations: foul play? // FRANCE 24. 3 2011. [Digital resource]. Access mode: http://www.france24.com/en/20110303-ukraineeuro-2012-football-tournament-tenders-bidding-stadium-infrastructure-corruptionallegations-procurement 31. Ukrainian police to learn English for Euro 2012 // FRANCE 24. 17 . [Digital resource]. Access mode: http://www.france24.com/en/20101117-ukrainianpolice-to-learn-english-euro-2012 32. Olympic unveils turf// Kyiv Weekly. 17 2011. [Digital resource]. Access mode: http://kyivweekly.com.ua/accent/Euro%202012/2011/10/17/160247.html 33. UEFA needs Ukraine, Poland in EURO 2012 playoffs // Kyiv Weekly. 22 2011. [Digital resource]. Access mode: http://kyivweekly.com.ua/accent/Euro%202012/2011/11/22/152210.html

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34.

Ukraine expects visa-free regime with EU prior to EURO 2012 // The State

Enterprise Directorate of Building Euro 2012 Facilities in Lviv. [Digital resource]. Access mode: http://areny.lviv.ua/en/ukraine-2012/kiev-news/421-bezvizovyj-rezhym-zes-vzhe-doeuro2012.html 35. Euro 2012 heralds Ukraine debt catastrophe // EurActiv. 6 2011. Uefa appoints official licensed tour operator for Euro 2012 // SportsPro. 17

[Digital resource]. Access mode: 36. 2011. [Digital resource]. Access mode: http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/uefa_appoints_official_licensed_tour_operat or_for_euro_2012/ 37. Police to meet fans with smiles on their faces // Kyiv Weekly. 2 2011.

[Digital resource]. Access mode:

http://eng.weekly.ua/accent/Euro 2012/2011/08/02/154813.html 38. Two additional pairs of eyes // Official newspaper of the championship Alive #4, The UEFA EURO 2012 mascots // UEFA.com. 4 2010. [Digital A touch of sweetness in the tournament // What about tickets? // Alive #4, Canon becomes UEFA EURO 2012 global sponsor // Host City Kyiv. 15 2011, p. - 6 39.

resource]. Access mode: http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro2012/news/newsid=1571175.html 40. Alive #4, 2011, p. - 14 41. 2011, p. - 5 42. 2011. [Digital resource]. Access mode: http://en.city-kyiv.com.ua/uefaeuro2012/publication/Kyiv/euro-2012-departure/639.html 43. Anti-doping panel discusses EURO preparations // UEFA.com. 28 2011. [Digital resource]. Access mode: http://en.uefa.com/uefa/footballfirst/protectingthegame/antidoping/news/newsid=1601485. html#anti+doping+panel+discusses+euro+preparations

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44.

UEFA volunteers // Kyiv Weekly. 19 2011. [Digital resource]. UEFA delegation makes successful Ukraine visit // UEFA.com. 27 Ukraine unveil their EURO 2012 kit [Digital resource]. Access mode: UEFA EURO 2012 fest for millions // Press office of President Viktor

Access mode: http://eng.weekly.ua/accent/Euro 2012/2011/09/19/160602.html 45. 2011. [Digital resource]. Access mode: http://www.ffu.org.ua/eng/euro/8663/ 46.

http://www.ffu.org.ua/eng/fans/globus/8952/ 47. Yanukovych. 27 2011. [Digital resource]. Access mode: http://www.ffu.org.ua/eng/fans/globus/8665/ 48. UEFA President pleased with Ukraine's progress // UEFA.com. 26 Arena Lviv opens doors // UEFA.com. 29 2011. [Digital resource]. McDonald's signed up as official EURO sponsor // UEFA.com. 26 2011. [Digital resource]. Access mode: http://www.ffu.org.ua/eng/euro/8664/ 49.

Access mode: http://www.ffu.org.ua/eng/euro/8895/ 50. 2011. [Digital resource]. Access mode: http://www.uefa.com/uefa/events/marketing/news/newsid=1492650.html 51. Slaughtered for Euro 2012 // The SUN. 30 2011. [Digital resource]. Access mode: http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/3968312/Dogs-slaughtered-for-Euro-2012in-Ukraine.html 52. England face France, Ukraine & Sweden at Euro 2012 finals // The SUN. 2 2011. [Digital resource]. Access mode: http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/sport/football/3975304/Euro-2012-draw-Englandface-France-Ukraine-Sweden-at-Euro-2012.html 53. Euro 2012 harder than World Cup // The SUN. 2 2011. [Digital

resource]. Access mode: http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/sport/football/3972957/Fabio-CapelloEuro-2012harder-than-World-Cup.html

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54.

Ukraine to stop killing stray dogs before Euro 2012 football championship // the

guardian. 17 2011. [Digital resource]. Access mode: http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/nov/17/euro2012-ukraine-stops-killing-stray-dogs 55. Anger as Kiev council plans to build hotel at biggest Holocaust shooting site // the guardian. 24 2009. [Digital resource]. Access mode: http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/sep/24/hotel-kiev-holocaust-germanybabi-yar 56. Euro 2012: England Fans to Get Only 5,000 Tickets for Quarter, Semi-Finals // International Business Times. 2 2011. [Digital resource]. Access mode: http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/259990/20111202/euro-2012-england-fans-5-000tickets.htm 57. Topless Protestors At Euro 2012 Draw Against Legal Prostitution During Soccer Tournament // HuffPost. - 2 2011. [Digital resource]. Access mode: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/12/02/ukraine-activists-topless-protests-euro-2012prostitution_n_1126181.html 58. Ukraine soccer chief hails Euro 2012 event // HuffPost. - 2 2011.

[Digital resource]. Access mode: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/huffwires/20111202/soc-euro-2012-ukraine/ 59. Ukraine needs thousands of volunteers for Euro 2012 // KyivPost. 12 2011. [Digital resource]. Access mode: http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/104177/ --- 12 60. Rooms may be scarce, expensive during Euro 2012 championship // KyivPost. 8 2011. [Digital resource]. Access mode: http://www.kyivpost.com/news/guide/general/detail/118484/ 61. Fan consulates to work in Kyiv and Warsaw during Euro 2012 // KyivPost. 8 2011. [Digital resource]. Access mode: http://www.kyivpost.com/news/city/detail/118442/ 62. Press center for Euro 2012 to open in Kyivs Globus shopping mall // KyivPost. 17 2011. [Digital resource]. Access mode: http://www.kyivpost.com/news/city/detail/117146/

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63.

Euro 2012 guests will be offered over 130 sightseeing tours in Kyiv and suburbs

// KyivPost. 2 2011. [Digital resource]. Access mode: http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/118047/ 64. President of Ukraine grateful to Polish partners // UEFA.com. 2 2011.

[Digital resource]. Access mode: http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/news/newsid=1726620.html 65. A wonderful EURO in sight for UEFA president // UEFA.com. 8 2011. [Digital resource]. Access mode: http://www.uefa.com/uefa/aboutuefa/organisation/executivecommittee/news/newsid=1731 844.html#wonderful+euro+sight+uefa+president 66. UEFA set Euro 2012 ticket prices at 50 per cent cheaper than Euro 2008 // Daily Mail. 15 2011. [Digital resource]. Access mode: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-1357204/UEFA-set-Euro-2012ticket-prices-50-cent-cheaper-Euro-2008.html#ixzz1fz8NmCIE 67. Ukraine soccer chief says Euro 2012 key to former Soviet republics reputation in Europe // The Washington Post. 2 2011. [Digital resource]. Access mode: http://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/dcunited/ukraine-soccer-chief-hails-euro-2012-askey-to-former-soviet-republics-reputation-in-europe/2011/12/02/gIQASj7rKO_story.html 68. Slaughter of stray cats and dogs to clean up streets for Euro 2012 condemned by animal lovers // DailyMail. 30 2011. [Digital resource]. Access mode: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-2068047/Slaughter-stray-cats-dogsclean-streets-Euro-2012-condemned-animal-lovers.html 69. Co-hosts Ukraine play down Euro 2012 fears after government forced to intervene // DailyMail. 19 2008. [Digital resource]. Access mode: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-1087476/Co-hosts-Ukraine-play-Euro2012-fears-government-forced-intervene.html 70. UEFA reduces England striker Wayne Rooneys Euro 2012 ban to 2, clearing him to face Ukraine // The Washington Post. 8 2011. [Digital resource]. Access mode: http://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/dcunited/england-star-wayne-rooney-

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appeals-to-uefa-against-three-match-ban-at-euro2012/2011/12/08/gIQA82zZeO_story.html 71. Accepting criticism of Jabulani at WCup, the ball for Euro 2012 has greater stability, grip // The Washington Post. 2 2011. [Digital resource]. Access mode: http://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/dcunited/accepting-criticism-of-jabulaniat-wcup-the-ball-for-euro-2012-has-greater-stabilitygrip/2011/12/02/gIQAvrFOLO_story.html 72. Spain coach Vicente del Bosque arrives in Kiev to watch draw for 2012 European Championship // The Washington Post. 1 2011. [Digital resource]. Access mode: http://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/dcunited/spain-coach-vicente-del-bosque-arrivesin-kiev-to-watch-draw-for-2012-europeanchampionship/2011/12/01/gIQAuoHZHO_story.html 73. Naturewatch thanks UEFA for help on stray dogs // UEFA.com. 7 2011. [Digital resource]. Access mode: http://www.uefa.com/uefa/aboutuefa/news/newsid=1730577.html 74. Committees & panels // UEFA.com. 7 2011. [Digital resource]. Access UEFA President meets key EU commissioners // UEFA.com. 7 2011.

mode: http://www.uefa.com/uefa/aboutuefa/organisation/committeespanels/index.html 75.

[Digital resource]. Access mode: http://www.uefa.com/uefa/stakeholders/europeanunion/news/newsid=1728680.html 76. Ukraine Stray Dogs Debate: Country Calls For End To Killings // The Huffington Post. 17 2011. [Digital resource]. Access mode: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/11/17/ukraine-stray-dog-killing_n_1099223.html

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Appendix Pic. 1 Conceptual framework of EURO 2012 journalism semantic space

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Pic. 2 Thematic distribution of the English-language journal articles on EURO 2012

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Appendix B Ukraine is the eyes of the English-speaking community

Since we represent the Ukrainian nation, particular interest lies in the image of Ukraine as recorded by the English-speaking community. Out of the strutinized texts over the course of this work, 107 sentences of the given journal articles contained a reference to Ukraine. Having analyzed the given sentences, we can indentify what Ukraine looks like in the consciousness of the English-speaking community. From the first glance, Ukraine seems a diligent hostess that is holding the football championship: Poland and Ukraine will host the event in June, with the final on July 1 in Kiev. (UEFA set Euro 2012 ticket prices at 50 per cent cheaper than Euro 2008 // Daily Mail. February 15, 2011) and is thoroughly preparing: Now the business in Ukraine are getting ready for the tournament. Hotels and entertainment complexes are being built. (Travel Guide Ukraine for guests 2012 will help foreigners to find necessary facilities in Ukraine during the EURO-2012 Championship and after it // Kyiv Weekly. October 25, 2011), as Michel Platini, UEFA president, also asserted: "We see great progress with the infrastructure, the stadiums. There are still some minor problems but together we will deal with them. Ukraine is doing fine with the preparations." (UEFA President pleased with Ukraine's progress // UEFA.com. September 26, 2011). Such a position concerning Ukraine is well corroborated by 26 more sentences, which is 24% of all the sentences under scrutiny. What is more, Ukraine, in expectations of the English-speaking society, constitutes a great tourist attraction: Ukraine has a lot of tourist attraction to show the world. (Travel Guide Ukraine for guests 2012 will help foreigners to find necessary facilities in Ukraine during the EURO-2012 Championship and after it // Kyiv Weekly. October 25, 2011). 5 sentences, which is 5% of the texts overall, express such an opinion. It is also clear from the taken sentences that meeting the requirements imposed by UEFA as for hosting EURO 2012 for Ukraine turned out to be a formidable challenge that is beign won, as UEFA president, Platini, stated himself: UEFA President Michel Platini has described the task of holding UEFA EURO 2012 in Poland and Ukraine as a

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challenge that is being won. (A wonderful EURO in sight for UEFA president // UEFA.com. December 8, 2011). This way, a large part of preparational measures carried out had been unprecedented for the country: Nearly 14,000 officers in Kiev, Kharkiv, Lvov and Dotetsk regions where the tournament will be held, as well as some 13,000 police officers in other regions will be taught English. (Ukrainian police to learn English for Euro 2012 // FRANCE 24. November 17, 2010) and brought about negative consequences: We have certain problems due to the lack of experience in host countries, but we will resolve them. Airports should be ready to accept people. At the same time, if many fans travel to Donetsk, there may be problems with accommodation. We will look for alternative hotels and involve some other cities. (Police to meet fans with smiles on their faces // Kyiv Weekly. August 2, 2011). Such a position regarding Ukraine is carried by 5 sentences, which is 5% out of all the scrutinized texts. Nevertheless, certain media sources refer to Ukraine abusing funds allotted for the championship: Ukrainians are excitedly awaiting the Euro 2012 football tournament, to be co-hosted with Poland. But some suspect those close to the authorities are benefiting disproportionately from the event.; The football tournament Ukraine is co-hosting with Poland is a particularly glaring example of opaque state procurement. (Ukraine's Euro 2012 preparations: foul play? // FRANCE 24. March 3, 2011) nd thus highlight risks of a financial collapse for Ukrainian economy: Preparations for the Euro 2012 football championships, which Ukraine is set to co-host with Poland, have been mishandled and could result in a foreign debt catastrophe for Kyiv, independent experts have warned. (Euro 2012 heralds Ukraine debt catastrophe // EurActiv. September 6, 2011). Such a perception of Ukraine is expressed by 6 sentences, which is 5% overall. Judging by the problems, elucidated in numerous texts of TG Social aspects of the preparations, Ukraine is, in fact, a terrorist target, and this under threat of such dangerous social phenomena as terrorist attacks and mass protests against the football championship and any preparations for it:There is a potential threat of terrorist attacks being committed on the territory of Ukraine by terrorists from third world countries, said Khimei. (EURO 2012 threats for Ukraine // Kyiv Weekly. October 3, 2011). Ergo, Ukraine seems to be a somewhat injured party, which is claimed by 8 sentences, or 7% of

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all the sentences. Is is quite obvious that, by its actions, Ukraine has positioned itself as environmentennemy: Dogs and cats die to 'clean' streets in Ukraine (Slaughtered for Euro 2012 // The SUN. November 30, 2011), having simultaneously provoked countless demonstrations in many countries around the world, where volunteers and organizations undertook oppositionary actions. 16 sentences, that is 15% of the sntences overall, expressed a drastically negative response to Ukraines preprations for EURO 2012. Nevertheless, the vast majority of sources were inclined to approve the countrys submissiveness as for carrying out all the directions given by UEFA and eco-friendly organizations, as well as its positive disposition as for correcting organizational mistakes as long as it was possible: Ukraine has bowed to pressure from western animal protection groups and called for an end to the killing of stray dogs before the Euro 2012 football championship takes place in the country next summer. (Ukraine to stop killing stray dogs before Euro 2012 football championship // the guardian. November17, 2011). Such is the position of about 18 sentences, which is 17% of all the sentences scrutinized. Notwithstanding, the studied sentences give ground to assert that Ukraine has been and will remain a stakeholder, carrying on the responsibility for rganization of a prestigious sports event. The sources highlight in particular the importance of adjusting the local infrastructure and friendly relations with countries of the EU : Ukraine expects visa-free regime with EU prior to EURO 2012 (The State Enterprise Directorate of Building Euro 2012 Facilities in Lviv). In addition, Ukrainians directly pertinent to the championship, volunteers particularly, in opinion of the English-speaking society, are gaining priceless experience and pleasure, for which account 23 sentences, and that is roughly 22%. Ergo, having analyzed 107 Ukraine-reference-containing sentences within journal articles on EURO 2012, we may determine that Ukraine, in the eyes of the Englishspeaking community is a generous hostess, holding the championship and going through scrupulous preparations, being of huge interest for tourists; that meeting the requirements to host the event turned out to be a formidable challenge that has been won; that lack of previous experience in large-scale organization of events alike imposed its somewhat

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negative implications; that usage of funds contrary to the budget has led to a threat of economic collapse on the national level. The analysis also testifies that Ukraine is a possible terrorist target, and thus may qualify for being an injured party. It is also sometimes referred to as environments enemy. In spite of everything mentioned, Ukraine remaing a stakeholder, responsible for organization of a prestigious sports event, while gaining priceless experience and pleasure (See Pic.B.1). Out of 72 analyzed sentences, 68% beared a postive coloring, whirl 35 (i.e. 32%) were of negative coloring. We may thus arrive at a conclusion that Ukraine, in the eyes of the English-speaking community, is rather a white, than a black hat. Pic. B.1. Ukraines qualification according to the English-speaking community

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Appendix C UEFA European Championship 2012 The 2012 European Football Championship (official: UEFA European Championship 2012) is Europes 14th championship, which is going to be held in Ukaine and Poland from June 8 to July 1, 2012.

2012 European Football Championship

(This years official logo)

Teams

53 (in the finals: 16)

Venue

Ukraine Poland

Timeline

June 8 July 1, 2012

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The European Football Championship is the foremost contest inder the auspices of UEFA. It has been held once in 4 years, since 1960. At first the tournament was referred to as The National European Cup, but then the name was changed for The Eurpean Football Championship in 1968. If before 1976 only 4 teams took part, in 1980 their number grew up till 8, and later in 1996 till 16. National teams eligible for the tournament finals are determined by a series of qualification games. The championship motto is reating history together, presented together with the logo in Kyiv on December 14, 2009.