Experiment No- 12 CENTRIFUGAL PUMP TEST RIG

1.0 OB ECTI!E"
To obtain the efficiency of a centrifugal pump under varying speed.

2.0 T#EOR$"
Centrifugal pump is so named because the pressure head is generated by centrifugal action. The impeller is made up of a number of curved vanes, which are supported on both sides by plates known as shrouds. It rotates inside a casing or volute. Flow enters the pump through the centre or eye of the impeller. Energy is given to the liquid as the blades of the impeller transport it outwards in a radial direction. The volute is usually shaped in the form of a spiral to form a gradual increase in flow area so that the velocity energy at e it from the impeller is converted to additional pressure energy. The centrifugal pump is initially primed where in the suction pipe, casing of the pump and the portion of the delivery pipe up to the delivery valve are completely filled with the liquid to be pumped. !ith the delivery valve closed, the impeller is made to rotate. "s a result a forced vorte is developed which imparts a centrifugal head to the liquid. #imultaneously the angular momentum is changed resulting in an increase of the liquid pressure. !hen the delivery valve is opened the liquid is forced to flow in an outward radial direction thereby leaving the vanes of the impeller at the outer circumference with high velocity and pressure. The high pressure of the liquid leaving the impeller enables the liquid to rise to a high level. This action is a continuous process because the eye of the impeller is continuously supplied with replacement liquid from the pump as a result of the pressure gradient in the suction pipe $a partial vacuum e ists at the eye of the impeller and the liquid in the sump is at atmospheric pressure%. The high absolute velocity at the outlet of the vanes is converted to useful pressure energy by shaping the casing such that the liquid flows through a gradually e panding passage.

NOTE& In the supplied apparatus, a self priming pump does not require priming. In summary, it may be stated that a centrifugal pump lifts the liquid to a higher level as a result of a modification of the hydraulic gradient caused by centrifugal action and change in angular momentum. This is an contrast to a positive displacement pump where in lifting action is due to pushing in a confined space. It may also be noted that the action of a centrifugal pump vis'('vis a positive displacement pump is that its discharge capacity is much greater, it can be used to pump highly viscous liquids also, it can be operated at high speeds with less danger of separation and cavitations, and its maintenance requirement are low. )owever, it cannot built'up pressure as high as those that can be built up by reciprocating pumps. The performance of a pump at a fi ed* variable speed may be represented as follows&

+ets,

Inlet pressure, m .ischarge pressure, m Flow rate, m *sec .atum )ead, m

0

, p, p/ , 1 , 2/

$)ence datum is the distance of the centre of the pressure gauge connected in the delivery line from the flange.% Total head across pump ) , $p/' p-% 3 2/ m For obtaining the out put of the motor $input of the pump% attached to the pump, a swinging arm field dynamometer is provided. Torque , $load arm distance% Input power p , $/4 5g )1 speed in r.p.s T% watts watts !ater power po ,

$!here 5 is the mass density of the liquid being pumped%.

Efficiency 67

waterpower 8-99 inputpower

%.0 APPARATUS"
The apparatus consists of a pump connected with a ..C. motor. The suction pipe is provided with a vacuum gauge for measurement of suction head. !hile at the discharge side a pressure gauge is fitted for measurement of the delivery head. " variable speed motor drive is provided. " tachometer is provided for the measurement of the revolution of pump. " swinging arm field dynamometer is connected on motor for measurement of load. " collecting tank is used to find the actual discharge through the pump.

&.0

SUGGESTE' E(PERIMENTAL PROCE'URE"

distance of the spring from the centre of the shaft.

Step 1& :ote down the area of collecting tank, position of delivery pressure gauge $2 /% and arm Step 2" ;riming the pump'set before starting. ;riming means taking the air present in the suction and pressure pipes, volute casing by filling them with water. Ensure to close the aircock * priming adaptor as the air bubbles cease appearing and continuous stream of water come from aircock* priming adaptor. :<TE& In the supplied apparatus, a self priming pump is used so the pump does not require priming. Step %& The speed control on the motor is set to a value and at the same time the flow control valve was ad=usted to give the ma imum possible discharge. Step && Conditions were allowed to steady before the rate of discharge 1, suction head, discharge head, load on the motor and r.p.s. value were recorded. Step )" The flow rate is reduced in stages and the above procedure is repeated.

).0 SAMPLE 'ATA S#EET"

;osition of delivery pressure gauge $.atum head%, 2/, m "rm distance, m 5g "rea of collecting tank AaB m/ , 9.-> , 9.-9 , ?@-9 :*m 0 ,

*i+ O,-er./tion T/,0e" Cun :o .ischarge Deasurement ;ump speed $r.p.m% #uction )ead ;$'mm)g% Initial h- $cm% / 0 *i+ C/0120/tion T/,0e" Cun :o .ischarge measurement Initial h-$m% Final h/$m% Time $sec% .isch' arge 1 $m0*sec% ;ump #peed $r.p.s% #uction )ead ' ;meter .eli' Fery )ead ;/ meter Total )ead $)% meter +oad $:% Torque $T% :'m !ater ;ower ;o $watt% 5g )1 Input ;ower ; $watt% Effi' ciency 67 Final h/ $cm Time $sec% .elivery )ead ;/ $EgF*cm/ % +oad $kg% .atum )ead $2% cm

3.0 RESULTS" The efficiency of Centrifugal pump ,