Binney's Theological Compend

BINNEY'S THEOLOGICAL COMPEND BY AMOS BINNEY AND DANIEL STEELE
contents
Preface to the First Edition.........................................................................................................................4 Part 01 Evidences of Religion....................................................................................................................5 Ch 01 Divine Revelation............................................................................................................................5 Ch 02 The Bible......................................................................................................................................... Ch 0! The Christian Evidences Classified...............................................................................................12 Part 02 Doctrine of Christianit"...............................................................................................................2! Ch 01 E#istence of $od...........................................................................................................................2! Ch 02 %ttrib&tes of $od...........................................................................................................................24 Ch 0! The Trinit".....................................................................................................................................2' Ch 04 (es&s Christ....................................................................................................................................2 Ch 05 The )ol" $host.............................................................................................................................!0 Ch 0' %ngels............................................................................................................................................!1 Ch 0* The Devil and De+ons..................................................................................................................!2 Ch 0 ,an-,an.ind................................................................................................................................!! Ch 0/ Rede+0tion-%tone+ent................................................................................................................!4 Ch 10 (&stification...................................................................................................................................!' Ch 11 1aving Faith...................................................................................................................................!' Ch 12 Regeneration..................................................................................................................................!* Ch 1! %do0tion........................................................................................................................................! Ch 14 Conversion.....................................................................................................................................! Ch 15 )oliness-1anctification.................................................................................................................! Ch 1' Perseverance-%0ostas"..................................................................................................................40 Ch 1* 2ast Things....................................................................................................................................41 Part 0! ,orals of Christianit"..................................................................................................................45 Ch 01 D&ties 3e 45e To $od.................................................................................................................4' Ch 02 D&ties To 4&r 6eighbors...............................................................................................................4* Ch 0! D&ties To 4&rselves.......................................................................................................................4 Part 04 7nstit&tions of Christianit"...........................................................................................................4/ Ch 01 ,arriage........................................................................................................................................4/ Ch 02 The 1abbath...................................................................................................................................50 Ch 0! The Ch&rch....................................................................................................................................51 Ch 04 The 1acra+ents.............................................................................................................................52 Ch 04 Ch&rch 4rder.................................................................................................................................55
CONTENTS PART I EVIDENCES OF RELIGION A. Divine REVELATION
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1. Necessity 2. Revelation, O al an! " itten #. Gen$ineness an! A$t%enticity &. 'o!e o( Ins)i ation *. T%e *i+le 1. Na,es an! Divisions 2. En-lis% Ve sions../in- 0a,es #. T%e Val$e o( t%e *i+le C. T%e C1RISTIAN EVIDENCES CLASSIFIED 1. E2te nal, o 1isto ical Evi!ence a. 'i acles in t%e Ol! Testa,ent +. 'i acles in t%e Ne3 Testa,ent c. Res$ ection o( 0es$s C% ist !. 1isto ical Evi!ence, Contin$e! e. E2te nal Evi!ence, Contin$e! 2. Inte nal Evi!ence a. 1a ,ony o( its seve al )a ts +. Si,)licity o( its 3%ole !esi-n c. In %a ,ony 3it% t%e li-%t o( nat$ e. #. E2)e i,ental Evi!ence &. Collate al Evi!ences a. In(l$ence o( t%e *i+le on C%a acte . +. 1o,a-e o( E,inent Pe sons to t%e *i+le c. A!,issions o( S4e)tics es)ectin- t%e *i+le !. Re,a 4a+le S) ea! o( C% istianity e. Relation o( C% istianity to 1$,an P o- ess PART II. DOCTRINES OF C1RISTIANIT5 A. E6ISTENCE OF GOD *. ATTRI*7TES OF GOD 1. Nat$ al Att i+$tes a. 7nity +. Ete nity c. O,ni) esence !. O,niscience e. O,ni)otence (. I,,$ta+ility -. Invisi+ility %. nco,) e%ensi+ility 2. 'o al Att i+$tes a. "is!o, +. Goo!ness c. 1oliness !. 0$stice e. 'e cy (. T $t% C. T1E TRINIT5 1. Analo-ical P oo( 2. 1e+ aistic P oo( #. Sc i)t$ e P oo(
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&. E o s D. 0ES7S C1RIST 1. T $ly 'an Sc i)t$ e P oo( 2. T $ly Go! Sc i)t$ e P oo( #. Go!.'an E o s es)ectin- t%e Pe son o( 0es$s C% ist 8 'e!iation E. T1E 1OL5 G1OST 1. E o s 2. Pe sonality an! Divinity F. ANGELS 1. T%ei nat$ e, na,es, an! e,)loy,ent 2. Not to +e 3o s%i)e! G. T1E DEVIL AND DE'ONS 1. T%ei na,es 2. T%ei nat$ e an! e,)loy,ent 1. 'AN..'AN/IND 1. O i-in an! Nat$ e 2. Con!ition an! Fall #. F ee A-ency &. P oo(s I. REDE'PTION..ATONE'ENT 1. De(initions an! Distinctions 2. E o s es)ectin- t%e Atone,ent #. *ene(its o( t%e Atone,ent 0. 07STIFICATION /. SAVING FAIT1 1. Nat$ e 2. E o s #. Re)entance L. REGENERATION 1. Nat$ e an! Necessity 2. E o s '. ADOPTION 1. "itnesso( t%e S)i it 2. In(e ential Evi!ence N. CONVERSION O. 1OLINESS..SANCTIFICATION 1. Nat$ e 2. Attaina+le +e(o e Deat% #. E o s P. PERSEVERANCE..APOSTAS5 9. LAST T1INGS 1. Deat% 2. Inte ,e!iate State a. O( t%e Ri-%teo$s +. O( t%e "ic4e! #. 'essia%s /in-!o,..Its P o- ess an! 7lti,ate T i$,)% &. T%e Secon! A!vent o( C% ist :. T%e Gene al Res$ ection ;. T%e Gene al 0$!-,ent <. 1eaven =. 1ell
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PART III 'ORALS OF C1RISTIANIT5 T1E 'ORAL LA" A. D7TIES "E O"E TO GOD 1. Inte nal a. S$+,ission to Go! +. Love to Go! c. T $st in Go! !. Fea o( Go! 2. E6TERNAL P$+lic an! Social "o s%i) an! P aye ... a. 'ental P aye +. P ivate P aye Fa,ily P aye !. P$+lic an! Social P aye *. D7TIES TO O7R NEIG1*ORS 1. P o%i+ition o( 7n%oly Dis)ositions 2. P o%i+ition o( 7n>$st Acts #. Re?$i e,ent o( 1oiy Dis)ositions &. Re?$i e,ent o( 0$st an! /in! Acts :. D$ties to Pa tic$la Classes C. D7TIES TO O7RSELVES 1. Sel(.De(ense 2. Sel(.P ese vation #. Sel(.Cont ol &. Sell.C$lt$ e PART IV INSTIT7TIONS OF C1RISTIANIT5 A. 'ARRIAGE *. T1E SA**AT1 C. T1E C17RC1 D. T1E SACRA'ENTS 1. *a)tis, 2. T%e Lo !s S$))e E. C17RC1 ORDER "o,an@s S)%e e in t%e C%$ c%
Preface to the First Edition

T%is little vol$,e is o( %$,+le ) etensions. It ai,s to lay t%e (o$n!ations o( a (i , +elie( in t%e C% istian eli-ion, an! in )a tic$la to ($ nis% yo$n- )eo)le 3it% t%e c%ie( - o$n!s o( t%ei (ait%. Co,)en!i$,s o( in(i!elity an! (alse !oct ine a e ci c$latin- t% o$-% eve y class o( co,,$nity, es)ecially a,on- o$ yo$t%, an! t%o$san!s a e t%e e+y +ein- ! a3n into (atal sna es. S$c% %ostile atte,)ts s%o$l! +e ,et 3it% )$+lications calc$late! to (o ti(y t%e yo$t%($l ,in!, +y concise an! )lain state,ents o( t%e ) inci)al a -$,ents in (avo o( C% istianity. 'any e2cellent t eatises o( t%is 4in! %ave al ea!y +een )$+lis%e!A yet it is o+vio$s t%e e is so,et%in- 3antin- on t%is s$+>ect t%at is s%o te , c%ea)e , an! in a ,o e (a,ilia (o ,.
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"it% t%is vie3, t%e a$t%o @s c%ie( o+>ect %as +een to collect to-et%e , an! co,) ess in a na o3 co,)ass, t%e ,ost (o ci+le a -$,ents 3%ic% a e to +e (o$n! in o$ +est 3 ite s, 3it% s$c% a!!itional e,a 4s o( %is o3n as ,i-%t +e (o$n! necessa y. To t%ese 3 ite s t%is little 3o 4 is, t%e e(o e, ,$c% in!e+te!A an! its a$t%o 3o$l! %e e, once (o all, ten!e to eac% o( t%e, %is ( an4 ac4no3le!-,ents. T%e 3o 4 is !esi-ne! ) inci)ally (o t%e inst $ction o( yo$t%A yet, consi!e e! as a 4in! o( eca)it$lation o( t%e evi!ences, !oct ines, an! !$ties o( C% istianity, it ,ay +e (o$n! o( so,e $se to )e sons o( a ,o e ,at$ e a-e. "it% t%is vie3 t%e ,atte is t% o3n into s%o t, clea , an! !istinct sentencesA an a an-e,ent ,ost convenient (o t%e inst $ction o( yo$t%, +est calc$late! to assist t%ei ,e,o ies, to ,a4e st onan! !$ a+le i,) essions on t%ei $n!e stan!in-s, an! to en!e t%e i,)o tant t $t%s o( eli-ion ,ost easy to +e co,) e%en!e! an! etaine! in t%ei ,in!s. T%e - eat t $t%s o( eli-ion a e clea ly an! concisely state!, an! ) o)e ly a an-e!, so t%at t%ei ,$t$al connection an! !e)en!ence ,ay +e ea!ily seen, an!, 3%at is o( ,o e conse?$ence, t%ey a e s$))o te! at eve y ste) +y ?$otations ( o, t%e $ne in- 3o ! o( Go!. To en!e t%e 3o 4 still ,o e ente tainin- an! $se($l, t%e ?$estions in t%e ,a -in a e ve y a+$n!ant, so t%at no i,)o tant t $t% can 3ell esca)e t%e attention an! ecollection o( t%e st$!ent. In ) e)a in- t%is little vol$,e, t%e Divine assistance %as +een as4e!A in sen!in- it a+ oa!, t%e Divine +lessin- is no3 i,)lo e!. 'ay t%e S)i it o( ins)i ation acce)t t%is (ee+le e((o t to ,ani(est %is -lo y an! ) o,ote %is ca$seB 0$ne 1, 1=#C A s)ecial note ( o, t%e e!ito . *inny %a! ?$estions at t%e +otto, o( eac% )a-e in %is o -inal 3o 4. "e inse te! t%ose ?$estions in )a ent%eses an! italics in t%e -ene al a ea 3%e e t%ey a))ea e! in +oo4. Eac% set o( ?$estions a e n$,+e e! on t%is )a-e.
Part 01 Evidences of Religion
Ch 01 Divine Revelation
*y !ivine evelation is ,eant a s$)e nat$ al co,,$nication o( t $t% ( o, Go! to ,an. *y s$)e nat$ al is ,eant +eyon! t%e li-%t o( nat$ e o eason. All 3%o +elieve in a Go! o( in(inite 3is!o,, )o3e , an! -oo!ness, ,$st a!,it t%e )ossi+ility o( %is evealin- %i,sel( to ,en in t%e ,anne %e )leases, in o !e to convince an! ass$ e t%e, t%at s$c% co,,$nication is ( o, %i,sel(. T%e ) o+a+ility o( !ivine evelation a))ea s 3%en 3e consi!e , (i st, t%at ,an4in! %ave in eve y a-e con(esse! t%ei nee! o( it, an!, secon!ly, t%at %e is a ve y $nnat$ al (at%e 3%o neve s)ea4s to %is c%il! en. So,e o( t%e 3isest )%iloso)%e s, as Soc ates, %ave e2) esse! t%ei %o)e o( s$c% a evelation, 3%ile t%e ,o e i-no ant %ave -iven c e!it to ) eten!e! ones. T%is ) oves t%at t%e %$,an so$l %as a nat$ al an! $na))easa+le a))etite (o a +oo4 evelation o( eli-io$s t $t%. 'ost o( t%e (o ,s o( )a-anis, e2) ess t%e,selves t% o$-% +oo4s. D*e-in ?$estions. 1. "%at is ,eant +y a !ivine evelationE Is evelation i,)ossi+leE Give t3o easons (o its ) o+a+ility.F 1. NECESSIT5. T%e necessity o( t%is evelation is ,ani(est ( o, va io$s consi!e ations.
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a.F 1$,an o)inions a e not a s$((icient -$i!e o( li(e an! t%e $le o( con!$ct, as t%ey a e va io$s an! cont a!icto y. D+.F 1$,an eason is ins$((icientA (o a,on- t%ose 3%o ) o(ess to +e -$i!e! +y it, so,e 3o s%i) t%e t $e Go!, so,e %is 3o 4s, so,e t%ei o3n 3o 4s, an! so,e no Go! at all, t%o$-% all a-es %ave t%e sa,e +oo4 o( nat$ e an! t%e sa,e )o3e ( o, 3%ic% to !e ive ,o al $les. T%o$-% a (e3 )%iloso)%e s %ave a ive! at s$+li,e vie3s o( Go!, yet t%e ,ass o( )a-ans %ave +een s$n4en in ,o al c%a acte , even in t%e ,ost s)len!i! e as o( G ecian an! Ro,an civiliGation. Acts 1<H1=.2#A Ro,. 1H1=.2#. c.F T%e la3 o( Go!, 3%ic% is t%e only s$((icient $le, can +e )e (ectly 4no3n only +y evelation. D2. "%at is sai! o( )%ilos)%e sE O( t%e ,assesE O( t%e %i-%est civiliGationsEF 1ence evelation is nee!e! to ($ nis% a!e?$ate ,otives to vi t$e an! )iety. !.F T%e ,o al c%a acte o( Go!, t%e ,o!el o( all ,o al e2cellence, cannot +e ($lly !isclose! t% o$-% t%e ,ate ial 3o 1! any ,o e t%an t%at o( t%e ,ec%anic can +e clea ly eveale! +y t%e ,ac%ine 3%ic% %e %as ,a!e. c.F T%e ,o al con!ition o( t%e ancient %eat%ens is ) oo( o( t%is necessity. To t%is t%e sac e! 3 ite s, consi!e e! ,e ely as %isto ians, +ea testi,ony. Ro,. 1H21.#1A #HC.1=A I Co ;HC, 1IA E)%. 2H2,#. 1eat%en 3 ite s t%e,selves testi(y t%at t%e - eatest c i,es 3e e co$ntenance! +y t%e a -$,ents an! e2a,)les o( t%ei ,o alists an! )%iloso)%e s. In(antici!e, t%e(t, an! c i,es a-ainst nat$ e, t%e !etail o( 3%ic% ,o!esty (o +i!s, 3e e not only tole ate!, +$t even en>oine!, +y t%ei le-islato s an! ) aise! +y t%ei )oets. T%is 3o$l! not %ave +een %a! not )$+lic o)inion consente! to an!, in so,e ,eas$ e, invite! t%e,. D#. O( Go!@s la3E O( %is ,o al c%a acte E Ill$st ate. "%at is t%e ,o al c%a acte o( t%e ancient %eat%ensE "%at is t%e only s$((cient $le o( %$,an con!$ctE 1o3 can t%is +e 4no3E "%at !o yo$ lea n ( o, t%e ,o al con!ition o( t%e ancient %eat%enE "%at is t%e testi,ony o( sac e! 3 ite s on t%is s$+>ectE O( %eat%en 3 ite sE "%at c i,es a e tole ate!E "%at o( )$+lic o)inionEF Even t%ei eli-ions sanctione! - oss vices. In Co int% 3as a te,)le o( Ven$s 3it% a t%o$san! (e,ale vota ies + in-in- to %e t eas$ y t%e -ains o( t%ei i,)$ ity. T%e *a+ylonians %a! a te,)le to 3%ic% eve y vi -in 3as eli-io$sly ta$-%t to eso t (o $nc%aste )$ )oses. SOCRATES ,a!e ,o ality t%e only s$+>ect o( %is )%iloso)%y, yet %e eco,,en!e! !ivination, an! 3as %i,sel( a!!icte! to (o nication. PLATO, t%e - eat !isci)le o( Soc ates, ta$-%t t%at to lie 3as %ono a+le. CICERO, as (avo a+le a s)eci,en o( %eat%en e2cellence as can +e (o$n!, )lea!s (o (o nication, an! co,,en!s, an! at len-t% ) actices, s$ici!e. CATO, e2tolle! as a )e (ect ,o!el o( vi t$e, 3as -$ilty o( ) ostit$tion an! ! $n4enness, an! a!vocate!, an! (inally ) actice!, sel(.,$ !e . S$c% 3as t%e ,o al con!ition o( t%e ancient %eat%enA ( o, 3%ic% 3e a -$e t%e necessity o( so,et%in- s$)e io to t%e eli-ion o( nat$ e. T%e ,o al con!ition o( 'ODERN 1EAT1EN is ($ t%e ) oo( o( t%is necessity. T%e in%a+itants o( CE5LON 3o s%i) !evils. T%e 1IND7S ac4no3le!-e one S$) e,e *ein-, +$t neve 3o s%i) %i,. T%ei 3 itin-s enco$ a-e sel(.,$ !e , %$,an sac i(ices, an! t%e +$ nin- o( 3i!o3s, to an ala ,in- e2tent. D&. O( t%ei eli-ionsE O( Soc atesE PlatoE Cice oE CatoE "%at ($ t%e ) oo( o( t%is necessityE "%at o( t%e in%a+itants o( CeylonEF T%e C1INESE +$ n -ol! )a)e +e(o e t%ei i!ols, s$))osin- it 3ill +eco,e ,oney in an ot%e 3o l!, an! %el) t%e !e)a te! s)i its o( t%e )oo to )ay t%ei 3ay to %eaven. T%e in%a+itants o( *ENGAL ac4no3le!-e t% ee %$n! e! an! t%i ty ,illions o( -o!s, a,on- 3%ic% a e t%e ,on4ey, t%e se )ent, lo-s o( 3oo!, etc., etc. T%ey +elieve t%at 3%en a ,an !ies %e 3ill ise a-ain in t%e (o , o( a cat, !o-, 3o ,, etc. T%e T%$-s o( INDIA 3aylay an! ,$ !e st an-e s as acts o( eli-io$s !$ty. T%ei i,)$ ity s$ )asses !esc i)tion. In slan!e an! !ece)tion t%ey a e a!e)ts. T%ei (e,ales a e !es)ise! as soon as +o nA a,on- so,e t i+es i,,e!iately )$t to !eat%. T%ey a e neve allo3e! an e!$cation, o c$ltivation o( any 4in!. "%en t%e %$s+an! !ies t%e 3i(e is eit%e +$ ie! alive o +$ ns on t%e ($ne al )ile.
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T%e NE" JEALANDERS -lo y in 3a . T%ey 4ill an! eat t%ei ) isone s, an! consi!e t%e S$) e,e *ein- as a - eat invisi+le ,an.eate . D:. 1in!$sE C%ineseE In%a+itants o( *en-alE In!iaE T%ei i,)$ ity, etc.E Fe,alesE Ne3 Jealan!EF In so,e )a ts t%ey s$s)en! t%e,selves in t%e ai +y la -e %oo4s t% $st t% o$-% t%ei +ac4s. Ot%e s Cast t%e,selves ( o, a sta-e $)on o)en 4nives inse te! in )ac4s o( cotton. No3 it is t%e *i+le alone 3%ic% ,a4es $s to !i((e ( o, all t%ese nations. "it%o$t it 3e s%o$l! soon +e li4e t%e,.i-no ant, s$)e stitio$s, i,)$ e, an! c $el. Ps. 2CH<.1lA 12CHCA P ov. ;H2I.2#. "e ) ove t%is ( o, t%e c%a acte s o( t%ose a,on- $s 3%o %ave, as (a as )ossi+le, e2t icate! t%e,selves ( o, t%e in(l$ence o( t%e *i+le. See lives o( 1e +e t, 1o++es, *olin-+ o4e, 1$,e, Ro$ssea$, an! Paine. 2. REVELATION, ORAL AND "RITTEN. Revelation is !istin-$is%e! into ORAL an! "RITTEN. *y o al is ,eant t a!itional, o s$c% as is t ans,itte! +y 3o ! o( ,o$t% ( o, one a-e to anot%e . S$c% 3e e t%e evelations ,a!e to t%e )at ia c%s, an! t%e lon-evity )ec$lia to t%e a-e se ve! to ) ese ve t%e, ( o, +ein- co $)te!. T%ese o i-inal t $t%s 3e e t%$s %an!e! !o3n to 'oses, 3%o, +y t%e !i ection o( Go! on Sinai (inally 3 ote t%e, in (ive +oo4s, calle! t%e Pentate$c%. D;. So,e ot%e )a tsE "%at ,a4es $s to !i((e ( o, t%e,E 1o3 !o yo$ ) ove t%isE "%at is ,eant +y o al evelationE "%e e is an instanceEF T%e lea!in- (acts o( t%e Pentate$c% a e, t%e c eation o( t%e 3o l!A o( ,anA o( ) i,eval %a))inessA %is (allA ) o,ise o( a Savio A t%e !el$-eA ) ese vation o( a (e3A *a+elA t%e call o( A+ a%a,A t%e +on!a-e o( Is ael in E-y)tA t%e e2o!$sA an! t%e -ivin- o( t%e la3. T%ese a e all s$))o te! +y t%e co,+ine! testi,ony o( $nive sal t a!ition, %isto y, an! ,o!e n science. A la -e )o tion o( 3%at 'oses eco !s (ell $n!e %is )e sonal o+se vation. O( t%ose (acts 3%ic% ) ece!e! %is ti,e %e %a! a,)le ,eans o( in(o ,ation in t%e lon-evity o( t%e ancients. 'oses 3as conte,)o a y 3it% t%e conte,)o a ies o( A+ a%a,A A+ a%a, 3it% Noa%A an! Noa% 3it% t%e conte,)o a ies o( A!a,. In t%is 3ay, $n!e t%e !ivine -$i!ance, t%e i,)o tant (acts o( t%e ante!il$vian 3o l! 3e e ) o+a+ly -at%e e! +y 'oses. Res)ectin- t%ose 3%ic% too4 )lace ) io to ,an@s C eation, t%e e ,$st %ave +een !i ect co,,$nication ( o, Go!. D<. "%o (inally 3 ote t%ese evelationsE "%at a e t%e lea!in- (acts o( t%e Pentate$c%E 1o3 a e t%ese s$))o te!E "as 'oses a )e sonal 3itness o( 3%at %e elatesE 1o3 co$l! %e 4no3 conce nin- t%e (acts t%at ) ece!e! %i,E "it% 3%o, 3as 'oses conte,)o a yE A+ a%a,E Noa%EF #. GEN7INENESS AND A7T1ENTICIT5. A -en$ine +oo4 is one t%at is 3 itten +y its ) o(esse! a$t%o s . "e %ave oc$la !e,onst ation t%at t%e *i+le e2ists. It ,$st %ave +een 3 itten +y so,e oneA i( not +y t%ose 3%ose na,es it +ea s, it is !i((ic$lt to 4no3 3%o !i! 3 ite it. "ic4e! ,en 3o$l! not +e li4ely to ) o!$ce a +oo4 li4e t%e *i+le, 3%ic% contin$ally con!e,ns t%e,. 0o+ 2IH&.<, 2CA Ps. <H11A CH1<A 11H:,;A :IH1;.22A Isa. :<H2I, 21A P%il. #H1CA II T%ess. IH=, CA II Pet. 2H 1.1CA Rev. 22H12, 1C. GOOD ,en co$l! not +e -$ilty o( i,)osin- t%ei o3n 3o 4s on t%e 3o l! as t%e 3o 4 o( Go!. T%e eco !s o( t%e C%$ c% $ni(o ,ly !ecla e t%at t%e ) o)%ets an! a)ostles 3 ote t%e Sc i)t$ es. An! t%e C% istian C%$ c% %as t%e sa,e evi!ence o( t%e e2istence o( %e (at%e s t%at 3e %ave o( t%e e2istence o( o$ ancesto s. D=. "%at o( t%ose (acts 3%ic% too4 )lace ) io to ,an@s c eationE Is it li4ely t%at 3ic4e! ,en, o -oo! ,en $nins)i e!, 3o$l! 3 ite s$c% a +oo4 as t%e *i+leE 1o3 !o yo$ ) ove t%at t%e Sc i)t$ es 3e e 3 itten +y t%e ) o)%ets an! t%e a)ostlesE "%at evi!ence %as t%e C% istian C%$ c% o( t%e e2istence o( %e (at%e sEF An A7T1ENTIC +oo4 is one in 3%ic% ,atte s.o(.(act a e elate! as t%ey eally occ$ e!. T%e sac e! 3 ite s e)eate!ly asse t t%at t%ey 3 ote +y ins)i ation ( o, Go!. Isa. =H1A 0e . 2H1A
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EGe4. 1H#. Pa$l, +y s)eci(yin- )assa-es in %is e)istles K 3 itten not +y co,,an!,ent,K i,)lies t%ei ins)i ation. I Co . <H ;A IICo =H=ACH1<A an! clai,s it in Ro,. CH1 To ) ove t%e t $t% o( t%ei asse tion t%ey )ointe! to 'IRACLES, 3%ic% 3e e )$+licly 3 o$-%t, an! $nive sally ac4no3le!-e!, at t%e ti,e as eal. II Pet. 1H1;.1=. Fo t%is t%ey also s$((e e! eve y t%in-, even !eat% itsel(. T%is t%ey 3o$l! not %ave !one to s$))o t 3%at t%ey 4ne3 to +e (alse. &. 'ODE OF INSPIRATION
Res)ectin- t%e )a tic$la 'ANNER o( !ivine ins)i ation t%e e a e t3o o)inions e2tantH .1. T%at t%e S)i it o( Go! ins)i e! t%e t%o$-%tsA +$t t%at t%e 3 ite s 3e e le(t to e2) ess t%e,selves in t%ei o3n 3o !s an! )% ases, +$t t%ey 3e e so -$i!e! t%at t%ey 3e e 4e)t ( o, t%eolo-ical e o s. DC. "%at is an a$t%entic +oo4E Do t%e sac e! 3 ite s asse t t%ei ins)i ationE 1o3 !i! t%ey attest t%e t $t% o( t%ei asse tionsE "%at ($ t%e evi!ence !i! t%ey -iveE "%at o( t%ose (acts 3%ic% too4 )lace ) io to ,an@s c eationE Is t%e e ,o e t%an one o)inion conce nin- t%e ,anne o( ins)i ationE "%at is t%e (i stEF 2. T%at eve y "ORD 3as s$--este! to t%e, +y t%e S)i it o( Go!, an! t%at t%e 3 ite s !i! not%in+$t 3 ite. T%is is ve +al ins)i ation. T%e (ollo3in- te2ts see, to (avo t%e latte o)inionH KT%e 1oly G%ost +y t%e ,ont% o( Davi! s)a4e.K Acts 1H1;. K"ell s)a4e t%e 1oly G%ost +y Esaias t%e ) o)%et.K Acts 2=H2:. K1oly ,en o( ol! s)a4e as t%ey 3e e ,ove! +y t%e 1oly G%ost.K II Pet. 1H21. KT%e S)i it s)ea4et% e2) essly,K Din e2) ess 3o !s.F I Ti,. &H1. *ot% vie3s sec$ e t%e Sc i)t$ es ( o, all e o . A 7NIFOR'IT5 OF ST5LE AND 'ANNER in t%e !i((e ent 3 ite s 3as +y no ,eans essential to t%is 4in! o( ins)i ation, 3%ic% is calle! )lena yA t%at is, ($ll. Go! ,ay s)ea4 in as - eat a va iety o( styles as t%e t%i ty.(ive o ,o e !i((e ent 3 ite s o( t%e si2ty.si2 +oo4s o( t%e *i+le. T%e )ec$lia style o( eac% 3 ite , instea! o( +ein- e,ove!, 3as ) o+a+ly en ic%e!, an! a)) o) iate! to %is o3n !esi-n +y t%e 1oly G%ost. D1I. Secon!E "%at o)inion !oes Sc i)t$ e see, to (avo E Re)eat a (e3 )assa-es. "%at is t%is 4in! o( ins)i ation calle!E "%yE Is $ni(o ,ity o( style essentialEF
Ch 02 The Bible
1. NA'ES AND DIVISIONS. T%e 3o ! *i+le si-ni(ies +oo4. Sc i)t$ e is a te , 3%ic% in its ) i,a y sense incl$!es all 3 itin-s. T1E *i+le an! T1E Sc i)t$ es a e so calle! +y 3ay o( e,inence, as t%e ,ost i,)o tant o( all +oo4s an! 3 itin-s. T%e *i+le consists o( t3o )a ts, t%e Ol! an! t%e Ne3 Testa,ents, t%at is, Covenants o A- ee,ents. In t%e Ne3 Testa,ent t%e Te , O acles si-ni(ies t $t%s s$)e nat$ ally eveale!, an! is anot%e na,e (o t%e 1oly Sc i)t$ es. Ro,. #H2. In t%e Ol! Testa,ent O acle si-ni(ies t%e )lace 3%e e 0e%ova% ,a!e 4no3n %is 3ill.$s$ally t%e %oly o( %olies. II Sa,. 1;H2#. T%e seve al +oo4s o( t%e Ol! Testa,ent 3e e 3 itten +y !i((e ent Ins)i e! ,en at !i((e ent ti,es, an! 3e e collecte! into one vol$,e +y EG a, a (a,o$s %i-%.) iest an! sc i+e. D11. "%at is t%e ,eanino( t%e 3o ! *i+leE Sc i)t$ eE O aclesE O acleE Testa,entE "e e all t%e *oo4s o( t%e Ol! Testa,ent 3 itten +y one ,anE At t%e sa,e ti,eE "%o collecte! t%e, into one vol$,eE "%at o( t%ei o !e EF T%e O !e o( t%e collection o( +ot% Testa,ents %as less es)ect to t%e Pe io! o( t%ei 3 itin- t%an
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to t%e S$+>ects on 3%ic% t%e seve al +oo4s t eat. T%e +oo4s o( t%e Ol! Testa,ent 3e e 3 itten +et3een 1&CI *. C., t%e !ate o( t%e (ive +oo4s o( 'oses, an! &2I *. C., t%e !ate o( 'alac%i, t%e last o( t%e ) o)%ets. T%e Ne3 Testa,ent 3as 3 itten +et3een A. D. #=, t%e ) o+a+le !ate o( St. 'att%e3@s Gos)el, an! A. D. C;, t%e !ate o( t%e Revelation, so t%at it 3as co,)lete! 3it%in si2ty yea s a(te t%e c $ci(i2ion o( C% ist, T%e (i st Gos)el see,s to %ave +een 3 itten 3it%in t3o o t% ee yea s a(te t%at event. T%e 3o ! Canon si-ni(ies a st ai-%t o!, %ence a R$le o Stan!a !. All t%e +oo4s 3%ic% co,e $) to t%e stan!a ! a e calle! Canonical. T%ose 3%ic% (all +elo3 a e calle! A)oc y)%al o s)$ io$s. "%at t%e Sac e! Canon is ,ay +e in(e e! ( o, t%e )oints in 3%ic% t%e A)oc y)%al +oo4s (ail. 1. T%ey !o not clai, to +e ins)i e!. 2. T%e 0e3s neve ac4no3le!-e! t%e, as s$c%. #. T%ey a e neve ?$ote! +y C% ist an! %is a)ostles. &. T%ey 3e e $nive sally e>ecte! +y t%e ea ly C% istians. :. T%ey neit%e a- ee 3it% t%e,selves no 3it% t%e 1oly Sc i)t$ es. T%e A)oc y)%al +oo4s o( t%e Ne3 Testa,ent 3e e neve ac4no3le!-e! +y t%e C%$ c% as ins)i e!, an! 3e e ea ly + an!e! as s)$ io$s. D12. Date o( t%e Ol! Testa,entE O( t%e Ne3E 'eanin- o( Canon an! CanonicalE O( A)oc y)%alE In 3%at )oints !oes t%e A)oc y)%a (ailEF T%e *i+le 3as o i-inally 3 itten in ca)ital lette s, 3it%o$t any !ivision into c%a)te s an! ve ses, 3it%o$t any )$nct$ation o s)aces +et3een t%e 3o !s, t%$s T%e *oo4 o( T%e Gene ation. 'att. 1H1. T%ese !ivisions a e t%e ecent invention o( $nins)i e! ,en, (o t%e )$ )ose o( (acilitatin- st$!y, t%o$-% in ,any instances t%e e!ito s %ave not +een so >$!icio$s as co$l! +e !esi e!. Ve y o(ten t%e c%a)te concl$!es +e(o e t%e na ative, so t%at 3e lose t%e connection i( 3e sto) 3it% t%e c%a)te . Isa. =H22A CH1.<A 1IH1.&A 'att. 1CH#IA 2IH1.1;A 'a 4 =H #=A CH1A L$4e 2IH&:.&<A 21H1.&A II Co . &H1=A :H1. T%e !ivision into ve ses is e?$ally i,) o)e , an! s%o$l! not -ove n t%e sense at all, as t%is is o(ten in>$ e!, i( not !est oye!, +y it. I Pete 1H&,:A I Co . 2HC,1I. T%e S$+sc i)tions anne2e! to t%e e)istles o( t%e Ne3 Testa,ent a e no )a t o( ins)i ation, +$t 3e e a!!e! +y so,e - ossly i-no ant o 3ic4e! )e sonA (o t%ey cont a!ict +ot% c% onolo-y an! %isto y. D1#. "%o ,a!e t%e c%a)te s an! ve sesE S%o3 3%e e it is not 3ell !one. "%at o( t%e s$+sc i)tions.F T%e S$,,a ies at t%e +e-innin- o( t%e c%a)te s a e $nins)i e!. 1ence t%ey ,ay contain e o s in !oct ine. T%e S)ellin- o( Na,es in t%e Ne3 Testa,ent o(ten !i((e s ( o, t%at o( t%e Ol!. T%is is o3in- to t%e (act t%at t%e latte 3as (i st 3 itten in t%e 1e+ e3, an! t%e (o ,e in t%e G ee4. T%e a))a ent I,) ecations (o$n! in I Co . 1<H22, an! II Ti,. &H1&, an! in ,any ot%e )a ts o( Sc i)t$ e, es)ecially t%e Psal,s, a e eit%e so ,any ) e!ictions, at%e t%an anat%e,as, o t%ey a e !ecla ations o( t%e !ivine 3ill ,a!e in t%e inte ests o( o !e an! >$stice. T%e I,)e (ections elate! o( ce tain e,inent Sc i)t$ e c%a acte s, s$c% as Noa%@s into2ication, A+ a%a,@s !issi,$lation, 0aco+@s lyin-, Aa on@s i!olat y, Davi!@s a!$lte y an! ,$ !e , Solo,on@s i!olat y an! le3!ness, a e ,e ely state! as (acts o( %isto y. T%ey a e eco !e!, not (o o$ i,itation, +$t (o a!,onition. T%e eco ! ) oves t%e !isinte este!ness an! i,)a tiality o( t%e 3 ite s. D1& O( t%e s$,,a iesE Do yo$ !iscove a !i((e ence +et3een t%e o t%o- a)%y o( t%e Ol! Testa,entsE 1o3 !o yo$ acco$nt (o t%isE Re)eat instances o( a))a ent i,) ecations. "%at is sai! o( t%eseE "%at instances o( i,)e (ection in Sc i)t$ e c%a acte s !o yo$ !iscove E "%y a e t%ey eco !e!EF T%e Dest $ction o( t%e E-y)tians, Canaanites, an! ot%e nations, a e %isto ical (acts, eco !e! to s%o3 t%e )e (ection o( t%e !ivine -ove n,ent. T%ey 3e e c%astise,ents, an! 3e e no ,o e inconsistent 3it% t%e att i+$te o( ,e cy t%an a e )estilence an! (a,ine. T%e a))a ent In!elicacies o( t%e *i+le !isa))ea 3%en 3e consi!e t%e c%an-e in t%e $se o( lan-$a-e. "o !s 3%ic% 3e consi!e i,,o!est 3e e not so (o ,e ly. T%$s 3e (in! t%e Sc i)t$ es %ave t%ei !i((ic$lties. *$t t%ese a e +y no ,eans )ec$lia to t%e,A all ancient 3 itin-s a e ($ll o( t%e,. T%ese !i((ic$lties a e -ene ally in ) o)o tion to t%e anti?$ity o( t%e 3 itin-, as t%e c$sto,s, ,anne s, an! lan-$a-e o( ,an4in! a e constantly c%an-in-. A little s4ill in t%e o i-inal lan-$a-e o( t%e Sc i)t$ es, an! in t%e ti,es, occasions, an! sco)e o( t%e seve al +oo4s, as 3ell as t%e c$sto,s o( t%ose co$nt ies 3%ic% 3e e t%e scenes o( t%e t ansactions eco !e!, 3ill -ene ally e,ove all !i((ic$lties. D1: "%at o( t%e !est $ction o( a))a ent in!elicaciesE
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1ave t%e Sc i)t$ es any !i((ic$ltiesE A e t%ese )ec$lia to t%e Sc i)t$ esE To 3%at a e t%ese !i((ic$lties ) o)o tione!E "%at is calc$late! to e,ove t%e,EF 1isto ical Ci c$,stances a e an i,)o tant %el) to t%e co ect $n!e stan!in- o( t%e sac e! 3 ite s. *y t%ese 3e ,ean t%e O !e , t%e Title, t%e A$t%o , t%e Date, an! Place o( 3 itin-. Sac e! Geo- a)%y an! +oo4s o( t avel in t%e lan!s o( t%e *i+le a e $se($l to el$ci!ate t%e 1oly Sc i)t$ es, an! to i,)a t to t%e ,in! a sense o( eality. T%e consi!e ation o( t%e Sco)e o !esi-n o( any a$t%o 3ill es)ecially (acilitate t%e st$!y o( t%e *i+le. Anot%e i,)o tant assistance is t%e consi!e ation o( t%e Conte2t, o t%e co,)a ison o( t%e ) ece!in- an! s$+se?$ent )a ts o( a !isco$ se. T%e co,)a ison o( Pa allel Passa-es is anot%e - eat %el) (o inte ) etin- Sc i)t$ e. "%eneve a !oct ine is ,ani(est, eit%e ( o, t%e 3%ole teno o( Sc i)t$ e o ( o, its sco)e, it ,$st not +e 3ea4ene! o set asi!e +y a (e3 )assa-es. D1; "%at is ,eant +y %isto ical ci c$,stancesE O( 3%at +ene(it a e t%eyE "%at is ,eant +y t%e sco)e o( an a$t%o E Is a 4no3le!-e o( t%is i,)o tantE "%at is sai! o( sac e! -eo- a)%yE O t%e conte2tE "%at o( )a alle )assa-esE "%en a !oct ine is ,ani(est ( o, t%e 3%ole teno o( Sc i)t$ eEF As eve y essential ) inci)le o( eli-ion is ,ani(est ( o, ,o e t%an one te2t, no !oct ine s%o$l! +e (o$n!e! on a sin-le te2t, o sentence. "%en t3o )assa-es a))ea to cont a!ict eac% ot%e , i( t%e sense o( one can %e clea ly asce taine!, t%at ,ay e-$late t%e inte ) etation o( t%e ot%e . An o+sc$ e, a,+i-$o$s, o (i-$ ative te2t ,$st neve +e inte ) ete! so as to ,a4e it cont a!ict a )lain one. Fi-$ ative lan-$a-e, 3%ic% %a! its ise in t%e (i st a-es o( ,an4in!, 3as ( e?$ently e,)loye! +y t%e sac e! 3 ite s. So,e 4no3le!-e o( t%is is an i,)o tant %el) in asce tainin- t%e sense o( Sc i)t$ e. T%e ,eta)%o , o( all t%e (i-$ es o( s)eec%, is t%at 3%ic% is ,ost ( e?$ently e,)loye! in Sc i)t$ e, an! in eve y lan-$a-e. See 'att. :H1#, 1&. T%e alle-o y, 3%ic% is a ,eta)%o contin$e! o e2ten!e!, is anot%e (i-$ e o( Sc i)t$ e $se. See Psa. 1=. T%e %y)e +ole consists in ,a-ni(yin- o !i,inis%in- an o+>ect +eyon! its nat$ al +o$n!s. It is o( ( e?$ent occ$ ence in t%e Sc i)t$ e. See Gen. 1#H1;A De$t. 1H2=A N$,. 1#H##A 0o%n 21H 2:. D1< "%at is sai! o( eve y essential ) inci)le o( eli-ionE "%en t3o )assa-es a))ea to cont a!ictE O( te2ts t%at a e o+sc$ eE Fi-$ ative lan-$a-eE 'eta)%o E Instances. Alle-o yE Instances. 1y)e +oleEF An i ony is anot%e (i-$ e $se!, in 3%ic% one t%inis s)o4en an! anot%e !esi-ne!, in o !e to -ive t%e - eate (o ce an! ve%e,ence to t%e ,eanin-. I /in-s 1=H2<A 22H1:A 0o+ 12H2. T%e synec!oc%e, 3%e e t%e 3%ole is )$t (o a )a t. As t%e 3o l! (o t%e Ro,an e,)i e, in Acts 2&H:A Rev. #H1I. Fo t%e ea t%, II Pet. #H;A Ro,. 1H=. So,eti,es a )a t is )$t (o t%e 3%ole. As t%e evenin- an! ,o nin- (o t%e enti e !ay, Gen. 1H:, =, etc.A t%e so$l (o t%e enti e ,an, Acts 2<H#<. T%e 3o ! %ate, 3%en e,)loye! in e(e ence to in!ivi!$als o co,,$nities, ( e?$ently si-ni(ies not%in- ,o e t%an less love. Gen. 2CH#I.#1A 'al. 1H2, #A L$4e 1;H2;A Ro,. CH1#. Events 3%ic% 3ill ce tainly ta4e )lace a e so,eti,es s)o4en o( as al ea!y ealiGe!. Isa. CH;A ;IH1, =A ;:H1. D1=. Instances. I onyE Instances. Synec!oc%eE Instances. "%at o( t%e 3o ! %ateE Instances. F$t$ e events t%at a e ce tainEF 2. ENGLIS1 VERSIONS./ING 0A'ES@. T%e t anslations o( t%e Sc i)t$ es into t%e !i((e ent lan-$a-es, +ot% ancient an! ,o!e n, a e ve y n$,e o$s. It is t%e only 3o l!.+oo4 t%at 3as eve 3 itten. T%e t anslations ,ost inte estin- to $s a e t%ose 3%ic% %ave +een e2ec$te! in o$ ve nac$la ton-$e. T%e ea liest En-lis% t anslation o( t%e Sc i)t$ es 4no3n to +e e2tant, 3as ,a!e +y an $n4no3n %an!, nea t%e close o( t%e t%i teent% cent$ y. T%is is still in ,an$sc i)t. T%e (i st ) inte! e!ition o( any )a t o( t%e *i+le in En-lis% 3as o( t%e Ne3 Testa,ent, +y "illia,
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Tin!al, in 1:2;. T%e last En-lis% ve sion o( t%e enti e *i+le 3as e2ec$te! $n!e t%e !i ection o( 0a,es I., 4in- o( En-lan!. 1e a))ointe! (o t%is )$ )ose (i(ty.(o$ ,en o( !istin-$is%e! talents an! )iety. Only (o ty.seven o( t%ese act$ally en-a-e!. T%is 3as in 1;I<, an! in 1;11 it 3as (inis%e!. O( all ,o!e n ve sions, t%is, $)on t%e 3%ole, is consi!e e! t%e ,ost acc$ ate an! (ait%($l. 7se %as ,a!e it (a,ilia , an! ti,e %as en!e e! it sac e!. D1C. "%at is sai! o( t%e !i((e ent t anslations o( t%e Sc i)t$ esE "%at o( t%e ea liest En-lis% t anslationE Is t%is ) inte!E "%en !i! t%e (i st ) inte! co)y a))ea E *y 3%o,E *y 3%ose !i ection 3as t%e last, o ) esent En-lis% ve sion, e2c$te!E 1o3 !i! %e e((ect t%isE "%enEF 5et t%e t anslation in so,e )oints is !e(ective an! - eatly nee!s evision. T%e e a e 3 on,eanin-s -iven to so,e 3o !s in t%e o i-inal, 3%ile )ec$lia i!io,s %ave +een ove loo4e!A ve +s a e t anslate! in t%e 3 on- tensesA so,e n$,+e s a e t anslate! too la -eA !i((e ent En-lis% 3o !s a e $se! to t anslate one 3o !, an! one En-lis% 3o ! stan!s (o seve al !i((e ent onesA so,e o( t%e 3o !s an! e2) essions a e o+solete in t%e sense inten!e! +y t%e t anslato s ($ nis%in- o+>ections 3%ic% a e $ -e! +y s4e)ticsA so,e 3o !s %ave +een le(t $nt anslate!, as %allel$ia, %osanna, etc. #. T1E VAL7E OF T1E *I*LE. Even as a lite a y co,)osition, t%e sac e! Sc i)t$ es (o , t%e ,ost e,a 4a+le +oo4 t%e 3o l! %as eve seen. T%ey a e o( all 3 itin-s t%e ,ost ancient, an! contain a eco ! o( t%e !ee)est inte est. T%e %isto y o( t%ei in(l$ence is t%e %isto y o( civiliGation an! ) o- ess. Sca cely can 3e (i2 o$ eyes $)on a sin-le )assa-e in t%is 3on!e ($l +oo4 3%ic% %as not a((o !e! inst $ction o co,(o t to t%o$san!s. On t%is - o$n! alone t%e *i+le %as st on- clai,s $)on o$ attentive an! eve ential e-a !. D2I. 1o3 is t%is ve sion e-a !e!E S%o3 t%e val$e o( t%e *i+leEF Eac% Testa,ent en%ances t%e val$e o( t%e ot%e . As an evi!ence o( t%e close connection o( t%e t3o !is)ensations, an! o( t%e sanction -iven in t%e Ne3 Testa,ent to t%e Ol!, t%e (o ,e %as t3o %$n! e! an! si2ty DIRECT 97OTATIONS ( o, t%e all$sions a e even ,o e n$,e o$s, +ein- $)3a !s o( t% ee %$n! e! an! (i(ty. T%e t3o Testa,ents contain +$t one sc%e,e o( eli-ionA neit%e )a t can +e $n!e stoo! 3it%o$t t%e ot%e . It %as +$t one s$+>ect ( o, t%e +e-innin- to t%e en!A +$t o$ vie3 - o3s clea e +y ) o- essive evelation. T%e t $t%s o( Go! a e, in t%e,selves, inca)a+le o( ) o- ess, +$t not t%e evelationA t%e ) o- ess is not in t%e t $t%, +$t in t%e clea ness an! i,) essiveness 3it% 3%ic% t%e Sc i)t$ es $n(ol! it. T%e e ,ay +e )assa-es in t%e, t%e ($ll ,eanin- o( 3%ic% is not !iscove e!, an! 3%ic% a e )e %a)s ese ve! to e2tin-$is% so,e ($t$ e %e esy, o so,e yet $n(o ,e! !o$+t, o to ) ove, +y ( es% ($l(ill,ent o( ) o)%ecy, t%at t%e *i+le ca,e ( o, Go!. Sc i)t$ e is li4e t%e !ee) sea, +ea$ti($lly clea , +$t $n(at%o,a+ly ) o(o$n!. It see,s to say to its ,illions o( st$!ents, K'y t eas$ es s%all neve +e e2%a$ste!A )$t ,e not to t%e ac4, +$t ?$estion ,e incessantly.K D21. O( t%e t3o te2ta,ents. "%at is t%e $se o( !a 4 )assa-esEF T%e ic%est t eas$ es o( Go!@s "o ! 3ill not +e !iscove e! $nless t%e 1oly S)i it %i,sel( +eco,e t%e eveale . Ps. 11CH1=A L$4e 2&H&:A 0o%n 1;H1#A I Co . 2HC.1;. T%e last e(e ence. contains, in t%e o i-inal, t%e 3o !s, K3%ic% t%e 1oly G%ost teac%et%, e2)lainin- s)i it$al t%in-s to s)i it$al ,en.K It is +y %is li-%t t%at 3e +eco,e s$ e o( t%e t $t% o( t%e *i+le o o( t%e t $e ,eanin- o( )a tic$la )assa-es. 0o%n <H1<A I Co . 2H1#. T%e Inte ) ete , in 3%ose %o$se *$nyan@s Pil- i, sa3 so ,any 3on!e s, is t%e 1oly S)i it. 'o eove , Sc i)t$ e inte ) ets Sc i)t$ e. T%e e is not an o+sc$ e )assa-e, containin- any i,)o tant t $t%, 3%ic% is not else3%e e e2)laine!. T%e %a ,ony an! )e (ection o( t%e 1oly Sc i)t$ es a e en!e e! ,o e )ec$lia ly evi!ent +y t%e constant e(e ence o( all t%ei 3 ite s to o$ Lo ! 0es$s C% ist. Ta4e %i, o$t o( t%e Sac e! O acles an! t%ey +eco,e a >a -on o( $nintelli-i+le an! !isco !ant voices. L$4e 2&H2<, &&A 0o%n 1H&:A Acts #H2I.2&A 1IH&#A 1#H2#.#<A 1<H2#. D22. "%o is t%e in!is)ensa+le Inte ) ete E To 3%o, !o all t%e Sc i)t$ es)ointEF T%e 1oly Sc i)t$ es, in!ite! $n!e t%e in(l$ence o( 1i, to 3%o, all %ea ts a e 4no3n an! all
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events (o e4no3n, a e a!a)te! to ) o(it ,an4in! in eve y 3ay an! (o all ti,e. Ro,. 1:H &A I Co . 1IH11A II Ti,. #H1:.1<. T%ey 3ill al3ays lea! %$,an ) o- ess. T%e (ai est ) o!$ctions o( 3it, a(te a (e3 )e $sals, li4e -at%e e! (lo3e s, 3it%e in o$ %an!s an! lose t%ei ( a- anceA +$t t%ese $n!yin- (lo3e s o( Divine t $t% +eco,e still ,o e +ea$ti($l +eneat% o$ -aGe, !aily e,ittin- ( es% o!o s an! yiel!inne3 s3eets, 3%ic% %e 3%o tastes 3ill !esi e to taste a-ain, an! %e 3%o tastes o(tenest 3ill elis% t%e ,ost. Ps. 1H2A 11C11, C<A 0o+ 2#H12A 0e . 1:H1;. In t%is es)ect t%e Sc i)t$ es ese,+le t%e -a !en o( E!en, in 3%ic% is (o$n! eve y t ee t%at is )leasant to t%e si-%t o -oo! (o s)i it$al (oo!, incl$!in- t%e T ee o( Li(e, -iven (o t%e %ealin- o( t%e nations. P ov. #H1#.1=A Rev. 22H2. Little !o t%ose 3%o ne-lect t%ei *i+les t%in4 3%at e(ine! !eli-%ts t%ey lose +y t%is t$ nin- a3ay t%ei eyes ( o, t%e ,ost s$+li,e an! ent ancin- o+>ect o( conte,)lation t%at t%e 3%ole $nive se a((o !s. D2#. S%o3 t%e !$ a+ility o( t%e *i+le. 1o3 is its st$!y ill$st ate!EF In a ,$se$, in D es!en, a,on- ,any ot%e -e,s an! t eas$ es, ,ay +e seen a silve e--, 3%ic%, 3%en yo$ to$c% a s) in-, o)ens an! eveals a -ol!en yol4. "it%in t%is is %i! a c%ic4en, 3%ose 3in- +ein- ) esse!, it also (lies o)en, !isclosin- a s)len!i! -ol!en c o3n st$!!e! 3it% >e3els. No is t%is allA anot%e sec et s) in- +ein- to$c%e!, %i!!en in t%e cente is (o$n! a ,a-ni(icent !ia,on! in-. So it is 3it% eve y t $t% an! ) o,ise o( Go!@s 3o !.a t eas$ e 3it%in a t eas$ e. T%e ,o e 3e e2a,ine it t%e ic%e it +eco,es. *$t %o3 (e3, co,)a atively, ca e to to$c% t%e s) in-s as !i! t%e Psal,ist. Ps. 11CHC;.1II
Ch 03 The Christian Evidences Classified.

T%ese a e $s$ally consi!e e! o( t3o classesH e2te nal o %isto ical, an! inte nal. To t%ese so,e %ave a!!e! a t%i ! class, calle! e2)e i,ental, an! a (o$ t%, t%e collate al. C% istianity 3as int o!$ce! a,on- ,en $n!e ve y e,a 4a+le ci c$,stances. 'i acles 3e e )e (o ,e!, an! ($t$ e events (o etol!, in attestation o( its Divine o i-in. T%ese constit$te t%e %isto ical evi!ence. D2&. "%at constit$tes t%e %isto ical evi!enceEF "%en 3e e2a,ine t%e +oo4 itsel(, its t $t%s, its !oct ines, its s)i it, 3e (in! it e2actly s$c%, in its nat$ e an! ten!ency, as 3e s%o$l! e2)ect a ,essa-e ( o, 0e%ova% to $s 3o$l! +e. T%is is calle! t%e inte nal evi!ence. An! 3%en 3e loo4 at t%e e((ects 3%ic% t%e *i+le ) o!$ces in t%e %ea ts an! c%a acte s o( +elieve s, 3e (in! it ans3e s t%e )$ )oses (o 3%ic% it 3as sent. T%is is t%e e2)e i,ental evi!ence. T%e 3on!e ($l s) ea! o( C% istianity, +y so (ee+le an a-ency as a (e3 $nlea ne! ,en, !estit$te o( )o3e an! 3ealt%, con?$e in- t%e %ostility o( +ot% 0e3s an! Pa-ans, to-et%e 3it% t%e %i-% civiliGation an! )o3e o( C% istian nations, an! t%e a!,issions o( s4e)tics, constit$tes t%e collate al evi!ence. T%e (i st t% ee 4in!s o( evi!ence a e enti ely !istinct in t%ei nat$ e, an! ,ay +e ill$st ate! as (ollo3sH 5o$ %ave a s$+stance 3%ic% yo$ s$))ose is )%os)%o $s, +eca$se, in t%e (i st )lace, a +oy, in 3%o, yo$ )lace con(i!ence, + o$-%t it (o yo$ ( o, t%e c%e,ist@s, 3%o sai! it 3as )%os)%o $s. T%is is t%e %isto ical evi!ence. In t%e secon! )lace yo$ e2a,ine, an! it loo4s li4e )%os)%o $sA its colo , consistence, an! (o ,, all a- ee. T%is is t%e inte nal evi!ence. D2:. Inte nalE E2)e i,entalE A e t%e t% ee 4in!s !istinct in t%ei nat$ eE "%at ill$st ation is -ivenE Give t%e %isto ical evi!ence o( t%e a ticle. Inte nal.F In t%e t%i ! )lace yo$ t y. It +$ ns 3it% a ,ost + i-%t an! vivi! (la,e, etc. T%is is t%e e2)e i,ental evi!ence. I( it s%o$l! +e (o$n! to +e a ) eventive o( t%e c%ole a, yello3 (eve , )la-$e , an! s,all.)o2, an! t%e nations 3%ic% $se it s%o$l! +e nea ly o enti ely ( ee! ( o, t%ese )estilences, so t%at its $se is a)i!ly ten!in- to $nive sality a-ainst t%e o))osition o( all t%e esta+lis%e! ,e!ical sc%ools, t%is 3o$l! +e a + anc% o( t%e collate al evi!ence. T%e last t3o a e t%e +est o( t%e (o$ . No ,atte 3%at - o$n!s o( !o$+t an! %esitation t%e e ,ay
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+e in e-a ! to t%e (i st an! secon! 4in!s o( evi!ence i( t%e a ticle ) ove its ) o)e ties on t ial, an! is, +y vi t$e o( its ac4no3le!-e! e2cellence, +ene(ittin- ,an4in! an! +eco,in- $nive sal. I( any one s%o$l! say to yo$, KI s$s)ect yo$ ,essen-e @s %onestyH %e ,ay %ave + o$-%t so,et%in- elseAK o , Kt%is !oes not loo4 e2actly li4e )%os)%o $sA it is too !a 4, o too %a !AK yo$ e)ly 3o$l! +eH KSi , t%e e can +e no !o$+tA see %o3 it +$ ns K K See also its ,e!icinal e((ects.K D2: E2)e i,ental. "%ic% is t%e +estE 1o3 ,any 4in!s a e t%e e o( e2te nal evi!enceEF 1. E6TERNAL OR 1ISTORICAL EVIDENCE. a. 'IRACLES. A ,i acle is an event va yin- ( o, t%e esta+lis%e! co$ se o( nat$ e, 3 o$-%t +y t%e inte )osition o( Go! %i,sel(, in attestation o( so,e Divine t $t%, o o( t%e a$t%o ity o( so,e Divine ,essen-e o teac%e . It is -ene ally acco,)anie! 3it% a ) evio$s notice t%at it is )e (o ,e! acco !into t%e )$ )ose an! )o3e o( Go!. 1e 3%o %as )o3e to esta+lis% t%e la3s o( nat$ e, can, +y t%e sa,e )o3e , s$s)en! t%e, at )leas$ e. Co,,on events a e calle! nat$ al. 7nco,,on events a e calle! ,i acles. It a))ea s easona+le t%at a evelation ( o, Deity s%o$l! +e s$))o te! +y ,i acles. T%ey a e %is seal +y 3%ic% %e ) oves %is co,,$nications Divine. I /in-s 1<H21.2&A 0o%n CH2C.##A 1IH#<, #=. T%e ,i acles eco !e! in t%e *i+le a e 'ATTERS OF FACT, ca)a+le o( +ein- ) ove! +y ) o)e evi!ence, as any ot%e %isto ical (acts a e. 1. KT%ese t%in-s 3e e NOT DONE IN A CORNER,K +$t P7*LICL5, so,eti,es +e(o e t%o$san!s o( 3itnesses. Instance t%e )la-$es o( E-y)t an! t%e !est $ction o( P%a ao%@s %ost, in t%e Ol! Testa,entA DE2o!. <H1CA 1IH2IA 12H2C,#IA 1&H2<, 2=AF t%e conve sion o( 3ate into 3ine, D0o%n 2H1.11,F an! t%e (ee!in- o( ,o e t%an (ive t%o$san!, in t%e Ne3 Testa,ent. 'att. 1&H1<.21. D2;. "%at is a ,i acleE "%y s%o$l! a Divine evelation +e s$))o te! +y ,i aclesE Can t%e ,i acles o( t%e *i+le +e s$))o te!E "e e t%ey )$+lic o ) ivateEF 2. T%ey 3e e NEVER DISP7TED +y t%ose a,on- 3%o, t%ey 3e e )e (o ,e!, 3%o 3e e s$ ely t%e +est >$!-esH not so st$)i! as not to 4no3 3%en t%e !$,+ s)a4e, t%e +lin! sa3, an! t%e !ea! 3e e aise!. T%ey 3e e even AD'ITTED +y t%ose 3%o e>ecte! t%e evelation 3%ic% t%ey a$t%enticate!. 0o%n CH2&A 11H &<A 12HC.11A 'att. 12H2&. #. T%ei N7'*ER 3as ve y - eat. T%e Gos)el %isto y is ($ll o( t%e,. Fo ty o( C% ist@s ,i acles a e na ate! at la -eA an! St. 0o%n in(o ,s $s t%at %e )e (o ,e! a - eat ,any o( 3%ic% t%e e is no eco !. 0o%n 21H2:. &. T%ei VARIET5 is - eat. T%ey 3e e )e (o ,e! in +e%al( o( t%e +lin!, !ea(, !$,+, ,ai,e!, sic4, insane, !ea!, an! t% o$-% a se ies o( yea s, so t%at t%ey ,i-%t +e e2a,ine! an! e. e2a,ine!, as ,any o( t%e, act$ally 3e e. L$4e =H2A 'att. &H2#, 2&A 0o%n 12H1.2, C.11. D2<. "%at intances a e -ivenE "e e t%ey not !is)$te! at t%e ti,eE "e e t%ose +e%el! t%e, ) o)e >$!-esE "%at is sai! o( t%e n$,+e E Va ietyEF :. T%ey 3e e )e (o ,e! +y )e sons 4no3n to +e )oo , $nlea ne!, o( lo3 con!ition, an! !estit$te o( - eat ( ien!s an! )o3e ($l )at ons Acts #H;.<A &H1#.1;. ;. T%ey 3e e !ecla e! +e(o e%an!, 3 o$-%t, an! a))eale! toA an! t%at in t%e ) esence o( t%e - eat an! no+le o( a lea ne! a-e, 3%o, conse?$ently, 3e e not easily !el$!e!. As, t%e e(o e, ,i acles, +ein- ve y e2t ao !ina y events, e?$i e ,o e t%an o !ina y ) oo(, so t%ose o( t%e *i+le %ave t%is ve y st onan! e2t a evi!ence. +. 'IRACLES IN T1E OLD TESTA'ENT. T%e ) inci)al ,i acles eco !e! in t%e Ol! Testa,ent a e (i(ty.(o$ in n$,+e , e,+ acin- a vast va iety in t%e !is)lay o( o,ni)otent )o3e . T%ey 3e e not 3 o$-%t on t ivial occasions, li4e t%e ) o!i-ies o( G ee4 an! Ro,an ,yt%olo-y, +$t on occasions 3o t%y o( Divine inte )osition. T%ey a e a+sol$tely necessa y to acco$nt (o t%e e2istence o( t%e 0e3is% nation, so inti,ately a e t%ey inte 3oven 3it% t%ei o i-in an! %isto y. D2=. O( t%ose +y 3%o, t%ey 3e e )e (o ,e!E "e e t%ey !ecla e! +e(o e%an!E "%y !o ,i acles e?$i e e2t ao !ina y ) oo(E 1ave t%ey t%is ) oo(E 1o3 !o t%ey !i((e ( o, t%e ) o!i-ies o( ,yt%olo-yE 1o3 elate! to 0e3is% %isto yEF
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c. 'IRACLES IN T1E NE" TESTA'ENT. T%e ) inci)al ,i acles eco !e! in t%e Ne3 Testa,ent a e (i(ty.one, +esi!es ,any not s)eci(ie! +$t s)o4en o( in t%e ,ass. T%o$-% 3 o$-%t to ce ti(y a evelation, nea ly all o( t%e, a e 3o 4s o( ,e cy an! 4in!ness to s$((e in- %$,anity. T%ey a e so inte 3oven 3it% t%e Gos)el na ative t%at t%ey cannot +e se)a ate! ( o, it an! leave any e,ain!e o( C% istian t $t%. It is )lain t%at 3e %ave an %isto ic an! s$)e nat$ al Savio , o none at all. T%e ,i acles o( t%e *i+le, in t%e a-- e-ate, s$stain t%e test o( Leslie in %is KS%o t an! Easy 'et%o! 3it% t%e Deists.K 1is cele+ ate! (o$ $les (o !ete ,inin- t%e t $t% o( ,atte s o( (act in -ene al a eH K 1. T%at t%e (act +e s$c% as t%at ,en@s o$t3a ! senses.t%ei eyes an! ea s.,ay +e >$!-es o( it. 2. T%at it +e !one )$+licly in t%e (ace o( t%e 3o l!. #. T%at not only )$+lic ,on$,ents +e 4e)t $) in ,e,o y o( it, +$t so,e o$t3a ! action +e )e (o ,e!. &. T%at s$c% ,on$,ents an! s$c% actions an! o+se vances +e instit$te!, an! !o co,,ence ( o, t%e ti,e t%at t%e ,atte o( (act 3as !one.K 0$!ais, 3it% its it$al, an! C% istianity an! its sac a,ents, a e s$c% (acts an! ,on$,ents an! o+se vances. D2C. 1o3 ,any ,i acles in t%e Ne3 Testa,entE "%at o( t%ei connection 3it% t%e Gos)el %isto yE "%at o( Leslie@s (o$ $lesE Do t%e ,i acles o( t%e *i+le acco ! 3it% t%e,EF !. RES7RRECTION OF 0ES7S C1RIST. T%e ,ost e,a 4a+le o( all ,i acles is t%e es$ ection o( 0es$s C% ist ( o, t%e !ea!. It, t%e e(o e, is entitle! to a !istinct e2a,ination. T%e (ollo3in- (acts in t%e case a e ac4no3le!-e! +y ( ien!s an! (oesH 1. 0es$s C% ist ( e?$ently ) e!icte! t%e ci c$,stances o( %is !eat%. 0o%n 2H1C.21A 'att. 2IH1=, 1C. 1e act$ally !ie!. 'a 4 1:H#<, &&, &:A 0o%n 2IH##. #. "as +$ ie!. 0o%n 2CH&1, &2. &. "as ,issin- ( o, t%e to,+, a(te it %a! +een -$a !e! to 4ee) t%e !isci)les %onest, an! seale! to 4ee) t%e -$a ! %onest. 'att. 2=H;.1#A 2<H;2.;;. No3 t%e e a e +$t t% ee conceiva+le 3ays +y 3%ic% t%e +o!y co$l! +e e,ove! ( o, t%e se)$lc%e . *y %is ENE'IES, +y %is FRIENDS, o +y 1I'SELF, as %e %a! ) e!icte!. 'att. 2<H;#. D#I. "%at is sai! o( 0$!ais, an! C% istianityE "%at is t%e ,ost e,a 4a+le o( all ,i aclesE "%at (acts a e ac4no3le!-e! +y ( ien!s an! (oesE In %o3 ,any 3ays co$l! t%e +o!y +e e,ove!EF I( +y %is ENE'IES, t%ei ,otive ,$st %ave +een to ) o!$ce t%e +o!y, an! t%e e+y con( ont t%e a)ostles, an! convince t%e, o( ( a$! in t%ei 'aste . *$t t%e +o!y 3as not ) o!$ce! +y t%e,. I( +y %is FRIENDS, 3e cannot tell (o 3%at )$ )ose. T%e !ea! +o!y co$l! not ) ove to t%e, o ot%e s t%at %e 3as isenA +$t, on t%e cont a y, +e a stan!in- an! visi+le ) oo( a-ainst t%e,. It is t $e, %is ene,ies e)o te! t%at %is ( ien! %a! Kstole %i, a3ay.K 'att. 2=H11.1:. *$t 3%en t%ei e)o t is e2a,ine! it 3ill a))ea (alse. 1. So ,ani(estly i,) o+a+le is t%e e)o t, t%at 'att%e3, t%o$-% %e (ait%($lly eco !s t%e 3%ole, !oes not o((e a sylla+le to e($te it. 2. T%e !isci)les 3e e (e3 in n$,+e , an! !estit$te o( nat$ al co$ a-e. T%ey 3e e -ene ally !is,aye! an! te i(ie! at t%e (ate o( t%ei 'aste . D#1. I( +y %is ene,ies, 3%at co$l! +e t%ei ,otiveE "as t%is e((ecte!E I( +y %is ( ien!s, 3%at a+s$ !ity. "%at !i! %is ene,ies e)o tE "%e e is t%is eco !e!E "ill it +ea e2a,inationE Does 'att%e3 e($te itE "%yE Do t%e n$,+e an! (o tit$!e o( t%e !isci)les (avo t%e e)o tE 1o3 !i! t%e (ate o( t%ei 'aste a((ect t%e,EF 1ence, 3%en %e 3as a)) e%en!e!, t%ey all (o soo4 %i, an! (le!. Pete (ollo3e! %i, a(a o((, an! 3%en acc$se! o( +ein- a !isci)le, !enie! it t% ee ti,es 3it% ve%e,ence an! oat%s. 'att 2;H:;. :=, ;C.<&. Not one atten!e! %i, in t%e >$!-,ent %all. An! 3%en %e 3as c $ci(ie!, t%e only )e sons t%at vent$ e! to stan! nea %is c oss 3e e %is ,ot%e , 3it% t3o o t% ee ot%e 3o,en, an! 0o%n. 0o%n 1CH2:.2;. It is not, t%e e(o e, ) o+a+le t%at t%ey 3o$l! +e (o$n! at s$c% a 3o 4, es)ecially at s$c% a seasonA (o , #. It 3as t%e occasion o( t%e - eat (estival.t%e Passove .3%en 0e $sale, 3as ($ll o( )eo)le. It is also sai! to %ave +een a ti,e o( t%e ($ll ,oon. &. It is not ) o+a+le t%at a -$a ! o( si2ty ,en 3o$l! (all aslee) at once, es)ecially as t%ey 3e e in t%e o)en ai .
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:. I( t%ey 3e e all aslee), t%ey co$l! not !e)ose to any t%in- t%at )asse! ,eanti,e, e2ce)t t%at t%e to,+ 3as vacate! in so,e $n4no3n ,anne . Slee)in- 3itnessesB T%ey co$l! not 4no3 t%at it 3as stolenA o , i( it 3as, +y 3%o,. ;. It 3as ce tain !eat% to Ro,an sol!ie s to +e (o$n! slee)in- $)on -$a !. 1ence, i( t%ey %a! +een aslee), t%ey 3o$l! not %ave vol$nta ily con(esse! it. I( t%ei e)o t %a! +een +elieve!, t%e $le s 3o$l! %ave )$nis%e! t%e,. T%is t%ey neve !i!. 'att. 2=H12.1:. D #2. Does t%e consi!e ation o( t%e season en!e t%e e)o t (avo a+leE "%at 3as t%e seasonE "o$l! all t%e -$a ! +e li4ely to slee) at onceE Is it ) o)e to a!,it slee)in- 3itnessesE "%at la3 3o$l! se ve to 4ee) t%e, a3a4eEF <. I( t%e sol!ie s %a! +elieve! t%ei o3n sto y, t%ey eve a(te 3o$l! %ave e) oac%e! t%e !isci)les 3it% it. T%is t%ey 3e e neve 4no3n to !o. I(, t%e e(o e, t%e +o!y co$l! +e e,ove! in no ot%e 3ay, it ,$st %ave +een *5 1IS O"N PO"ER, as %e %a! ) evio$sly (o etol!. 0o%n 1IH<, 1=. T%e ,o e DIRECT evi!ence o( t%is - eat ,i acle is containe! in t%e (ollo3in- )a tic$la sH DaF. T%e e 3e e t3elve !istinct a))ea ances o( C% ist a(te %is +$ ial.(ive on t%e (i st !ay, an! (ive ,o e +e(o e t%e ascension, an! once to Sa$l at %is conve sion, an! once to 0o%n on Pat,os. I Co . 1:H:.CA Acts CH:A Rev. 1HC.1=. T%ese 3e e at !i((e ent %o$ s o( t%e !ay, at !i((e ent )laces, an!, on one occasion, to a+ove (ive %$n! e! )e sons. D+F. 1e !i! not a))ea to t%e, silently, +$t tal4e! an! ate 3it% t%e,, s%o3e! %is %an!s an! (eet, ,a!e t%e, %an!le %i,, etc.A %el! seve al lon- conve sations 3it% t%e,, an! at last ascen!e! $) to %eaven in t%ei si-%t. L$4e 2&H1#.:1A 0o%n 2IH1C.2CA 21H&.2#A Acts 1H#.11. D##. Does it a))ea t%at t%e $le s t%e,selves +elieve! t%is e)o tE T%at t%e sol!ie s +elieve! itE "%at t%en is t%e only alte nativeE Is t%e e any evi!ence o( t%is - eat ,i acle t%at is ,o e !i ectE Relate! t%e (i st )a tic$la . Secon!.F DcF. T%e 3itnesses, +ein- a class o( $nlea ne! an! !es)ise! ,en, 3e e $ne?$al to t%e tas4 o( i,)osition. D!F. T%ey 3e e +y no ,eans c e!$lo$s, +$t slo3 to +elieve in t%e es$ ection o( t%ei 'aste . KSo,e !o$+te!,K t%at 3e ,i-%t neve !o$+t. 'att. 2=H1<A 0o%n 2IH2:.2C. DeF. T%e e is a ,ost e,a 4a+le c%an-e in t%e !is)osition an! con!$ct o( t%e !isci)lesA ( o, +ein- t%e ,ost ti,i! o( ,en, t%ey s$!!enly +eca,e co$ a-eo$s an! $n!a$nte!. T%ey +ol!ly ) eac% t%at ve y 0es$s 3%o,, +$t a s%o t ti,e +e(o e, t%ey %a! !ese te! in t%e - eatest !ist ess, an! t%at, too, in t%e syna-o-$es o( 0e $sale,, 3%e e %e 3as c $ci(ie! only a (e3 !ays +e(o e. 'a 4 1;H2IA Acts 2H1&A CH2I, etc. An!, alt%o$-% %is c $ci(i2ion 3as ( es% +e(o e t%ei eyes, an! t%ey %a! eason to e2)ect a si,ila (ate, t%ey still avo3 %is es$ ection. Acts 2H22.#;. D#&. T%i ! )a tic$la . Fo$ t%. Fi(t%. 1o3 !o yo$ ) ove t%is c%an-e in t%e !isci)lesEF D(F. T%e LORD@S S7PPER 3as instit$te! as a )e )et$al ,e,o ial o( %is !eat%, an! t%e (estival o( t%e LORD@S DA5 to co,,e,o ate %is es$ ection. 'att. 2&H2;, etc.A I Co . CH2#.2;. T%ese ,e,o ials 3e e instit$te! at t%e ve y ti,e 3%en t%e ci c$,stances to 3%ic% t%ey elate too4 )lace, an! %ave +een o+se ve! in t%e C% istian 3o l! eve since, ($l(illin- Leslie@s (o$ e?$i e,ents es)ectin- ,i acles. T%e es$ ection o( o$ Lo ! is t%$s esta+lis%e!, an! is ) oo( s$((icient o( %is Divine ,ission. Ro,. 1H&. T%e Savio o(ten a))eale! to %is es$ ection as t%e - an! ) oo( o( %is +ein- sent ( o, %eaven, an! %is !isci)les constantly e(e e! to it as t%e (o$n!ation o( t%ei (ait%. 'a 4 =H#1A 0o%n 2H1C.21A Acts. 1<H#1A I Co . 1:H2IA I Pet. 1H#. Finally, t%is - eat event contains in itsel( t%e evi!ence +ot% o( ,i acle an! ) o)%ecy. T%e ) o)%ecies %e ein co,)lete! a e eco !e! in Psal, 2vi, 1IA 0o%n ii, 1C, 22A Acts ii, 2:.#;. D#:. "%at o( t%e Lo !@s S$))e an! Lo !@s !ayE At 3%at ti,e 3e e t%ese instit$te!E 1ave t%ey neve +een a+an!one!E Di! t%e Savio eve a))eal to %is es$ ectionE "%yE "%at acco$nt !i! %is !isci)les ,a4e o( itE "%at !oes t%is - eat event contain in itsel(E "%at ) o)%ecies a e %e ein co,)lete!EF
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e. 1ISTORICAL EVIDENCE, CONTIN7ED. PROP1EC5 is a ,i acle o( 4no3le!-e, a !ecla ation o( so,et%in- ($t$ e, +eyon! t%e )o3e o( %$,an sa-acity to calc$late. T%e ) o)%ecies o( t%e *i+le (o , a e-$la syste,, an! ,ay +e classi(ie! as (ollo3s, na,ely, P o)%ecies elatin- to t%e 0E"IS1 NATION. DaF. Conce nin- t%e )oste ity o( A+ a%a,. P o)%ecyH Gen. 12H1.#A 1#H1;A 1:H:A 1<H2,&. ;A22H1<.1=A 2=H1&A #2H12. F$l(ill,ent, as es)ects t%e 0e3s aloneH E2o!. 1H<.12A N$,. 2#H1IA De$t. 1H1I.11 1e+. 11H12. In less t%an (ive %$n! e! yea s a(te t%e (i st o( t%ese ) e!ictions t%e n$,+e o( t%e Is aelites alone a,o$nte! to ei-%t %$n! e! t%o$san! ,en, +esi!es 3o,en an! c%il! en. II Sa,. 2&HC. D+F. Conce nin- Is%,ael. Co,)a e Gen. 1;H1.12. F o, %i, !escen!e! t%e va io$s t i+es o( A a+s, 3%ose n$,+e s an! ,anne o( livin- %ave eve since +een a ve i(ication o( t%e te2ts. D#;. "%at is t%e secon! 4in! o( e2te nal evi!enceE "%at is ) o)%ecyE 1o3 ,ay t%e ) o)%ecies +e classi(ie!E Re)eat so,e conce nin- t%e )oste ity o( A+ a%a,. T%ei ($l(ill,ent. Conce nin- Is%,ael.F DcF. Conce nin- t%e 0e3s. De$t. 2=. F$l(ill,ent, in t% ee )a tic$la sHD1.F T%ei s$+>ection, +y S%is%a4, 4in- o( E-y)tA S%al,aneGe , 4in- o( Assy iaA Ne+$c%a!neGGa , an! seve al ot%e s. D2.F T%ei (a,ines si2 %$n! e! yea s a(te 'oses, a,on- t%e Is aelites. A-ain, nine %$n! e! yea s a(te , a,ont%e 0e3s. An! (inally, (i(teen %$n! e! yea s a(te . D#.F T%ei e!$ction, 3itnesse! +y all nations 3%e e t%ey %ave +een !is)e se!. 5et t%ey contin$e! a se)a ate )eo)le, an! %ave +eco,e Ka +y.3o ! a,onall nations,K KTo >e3 si-ni(ies @to c%eat o !e( a$!.@ K.N. "e+ste . A 4in- o( En-lan! as4e! %is c%a)lain, K"%at is t%e ,ost convincin- ) oo( o( t%e t $t% o( t%e *i+leEK KT%e 0e3s, yo$ 'a>esty,K 3%o, 3it%o$t a co$nt y (o ei-%teen %$n! e! yea s, %ave ($l(ille! t%e ) o)%ecies +y etainin- t%ei !istinct nationality, esistin- all ten!encies to assi,ilation an! a+so )tion. PROP1ECIES elatin- to OT1ER NATIONS. Ty e, EGe4. 2;A E-y)t, Isa. 1CA 0e . &#A &CA EGe4. 2CA #I. Et%io)ia, Isa. 1=H1.;A 2IH#.:A EGe4. #IH&. Nineve%, Na%$, 1A2A#. *a+ylon, Isaia% 1#A 0e . :IA :1. T%e (o$ - eat e,)i es o( anti?$ity, t%e *a+ylonian, Pe sian, G ecian, an! Ro,an. D#<. T%e 0e3s. 1o3 is t%is ) o)%ecy ($(ille!E 1o3 !oes t%ei e2istence ) ove t%e t $t% o( t%e *i+leE Re)eat t%e ) o)%ecy conce nin- Ty e. E-y)t. Et%io)ia. Nineve%.F PROP1ECIESH Dan. 2H#C.&IA <A =. All %isto y s%o3s t%ei lite al ($l(ill,ent. PROP1ECIES elatin- to t%e 'ESSIA1 an! T1AT 1E S1O7LD CO'E. D1.F P o)%ecyH Gen. #H1:A De$t. 1=H1:, 1=A Isa. CH;A Ps 1H<A 1a--ai 2H<. F$l(ill,ent. L$4e 2H11A 0o%n 1H1&A Gal. &H&A I 0o%n #H=. T1E TI'E "1EN 1E S1O7LD CO'E. D2.F P o)%ecyH Gen. &CH1IA 1a--ai 2H;.CA Dan. CH2#.2:A 'al. #H1. F$l(ill,entH Co,)a e 'att. 22H2I.21A L$4e 2H1.:A 0o%n 1CH1I.1:. Fo t%e e2)ectation o( t%e 0e3s, see 'att. 2H&;A L$4e 2H2:, #=. FRO' "1O' 1E "AS TO DESCEND. D#.F P o)%ecyH Gen. #H1:A 12H#A 1=H1=A &CH1IA Isa. <H1&A CH;, <A 11H1A 0e . 2#H:.;. F$l(ill,entH 'att. 1H1, 2#A L$4e 1H#2.##A 0o%n <H&2A Gal. &H&A Acts #H2:.2;A 1#H#2.##A Ro,. 1:H =.12. D#=. *a+ylon. T%e (o$ - eat e,)i es. "%at s%o3s t%ei lite al ($l(ill,entE "%at ) o)%ecy elates to t%e co,in- o( t%e 'essia%E F$l(ill,ent. T%e ti,e o( %is co,in-E F$l(ill,entE F o, 3%o, %e 3as to !escen!E F$l(ill,entEF TO *E *ORN OF A VIRGIN. D&.F P o)%ecyH Isa. <H1&A 0e #1H22. F$l(ill,entH 'att. 1H22.2:A L$4e 1H2;.#:. T1E PLACE OF 1IS *IRT1. D:.F P o)%ecyH 'ica% :H2. F$l(ill,entH L$4e 2H&.<A 'att. 2H&.=, etc. CONCERNING 1IS FORER7NNER. D;.F P o)%ecyH 'al. #H1A &H:A Isa. &IH#. F$l(ill,entH 'att. #H1.#A L$4e 1H1#.1<. "AS TO PREAC1 FIRST IN GALILEE. D<.F P o)%ecyH Isa. CH1.2. F$l(ill,entH 'att. &H12. 1<. "AS TO PERFOR' 'IRACLES. D=.F P o)%ecyH Isa. #:H:.;. F$l(ill,entH 'att. CH:. 1IS /INGL5 ENTR5 INTO 0ER7SALE'. DC.F P o)%ecyH Jec%. CHC. F$l(ill,entH 'att. 21H:.11. CIRC7'STANCES OF S7FFERING AND DEAT1. Daa.F P o)%ecyH Isa. :#H#A Psa. &1HCA ::H12.1&A Jec%. 11H12.1#. F$l(ill,entH L$4e=H:#A 1;H1&A 'att. 2;H1&.1:A 2<H#. D#C. O( 3%o, to +e +o nE F$l(ill,entE Place o( %is +i t%E F$l(ill,entE 1is (o e $nne E F$l(il,entE Place o( %is (i st ) eac%in-E F$l(ill,entE 1is ,i aclesE F$l(ill,entE 1is ent y into 0e $sale,E F$l(ill,entE Ci c$,stances o( %is s$((e in- an! !eat%E Re)eat t%e si2 classes in o !e EF D++.F P o)%ecyH Isa. 1H;A :#H:.=. F$l(ill,entH 'att. 2<H#IA L$4e 2#H#&A 0o%n 1CH1.2A I Pet. 2H2#.2&. Dcc.F P o)%ecyH Ps. 22H<.=. F$l(ill,entH 'att. 2<H#C, etc.A L$4e 2#H#:, etc. D!!.F P o)%ecyH Ps. ;CH21A 22H1=. F$l(ill,entH 'att. 2<H#&A 'a 4 1:H#;A 0o%n 2CH2#.#C. Dee.F P o)%ecyH Ps. #&H2IA Jec%. 12H1I. F$l(ill,entH 0o%n 1CH#2, #;. D((.F P o)%ecyH Isa.
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:#HC. F$l(ill,entH 'att. 2<H:<, ;I. RES7RRECTION AND ASCENSION. P o)%ecyH Ps. 1;HC.1I. *y C% ist %i,sel(. 'a 4 =H#1A 1IH#&A L$4e CH22A 0o%n 2H1C, 21A 1IH1<. F$l(ill,entH 'att. 2=H:.;A Acts 1H#A 2H2:.#;A 1#H#&.#<A L$4e 2&H:.<, :1A Acts 1HC.11A I Ti,. #H1;. 0ES7S "AS TO SEND T1E 1OL5 SPIRIT. P o)%ecyH 0oel 2H2=. *y %i,sel(. 0o%n <H#=.#CA 1&H1;A 1:H2;A 1;H<,1#. F$l(ill,entH Acts 2H1.&, ##A &H#1A 1IH&&, etc. SALVATION ONL5 T1RO7G1 C1RIST. P o)%ecyH Jec%. 1#H1A 'al. &H2A Isa. :#H11A :CH2IA Ps. 11=H22. F$l(ill,entH 'att. 1H21 L$4e 1H<;.<=A 2H2<.#2A 2&H&<A Acts &H1I.12A 21IH&#A 1#H#=A I Ti,. 2H&.;A &H1I. D&I. F$l(ill,ent. Res$ ection an! ascension. F$l(ill,ent. T%e sen!in- o( t%e 1oly S)i it. F$l(ill,ent.F I'PORTANCE OF FAIT1 IN 1I'. P o)%ecyH De$t. 1#H1=.1C. F$l(ill,entH 'att. 1<H:A Acts #H22. 2#A 0o%n #H1=, #;A II T%ess. 1H<.=. PROP1ECIES +y C1RIST AND 1IS APOSTLES. 1. C% ist (o etells t%e ci c$,stances o( %is o3n !eat%. 'att. 1;H21A 2;H2#, #1. 2. Res$ ectionH 'att. 1;H21A 2;H#2. #. Descent o( t%e 1oly S)i itH L$4e 2&H&CA 0o%n 1&H1;.1<, 2;A 1;H<, 1#. F$l(ill,entH Acts 2H1.&A 1IH&&. &. Dest $ction o( 0e $sale,, 3it% all its ) ece!in- si-ns an! conco,itant ci c$,stancesH 'att. 2&H1.2;A 'a 4 1#H1.2#A L$4e 21H:.2&. T%e ve y -ene ation t%at %ea ! t%e ) e!ictions live! to +e t%e ,ise a+le 3itnesses o( t%ei acco,)lis%,ent. T%e 3on!e ($l ) ese vation o( t%e Sc i)t$ es is ($ t%e e2te nal evi!ence o( t%ei %eavenly o i-in. D&1. 1is salvation. F$l(ill,ent. I,)o tance o( (ait% in %i,. F$l(ill,ent. Re)eat C% ist@s ) o)%ecies conce nin- %is o3n !eat%. Res$ ection. Descent o( t%e 1oly S)i it. F$l(ill,ent. Dest $ction o( 0e $sale,. F$l(ill,ent.F T%e 0e3s, ( o, t%e +e-innin-, %ave ) ese ve! t%e Ol! Testa,ent 3it% sac e! !ili-ence. T%e enti e t i+e o( Levi 3as c%a -e! 3it% t%e c$sto!y o( t%e +oo4 o( t%e La3. De$t. #1H2:,2;. *esi!es t%e co)ies in $se in t%e syna-o-$es, e2t a co)ies 3e e ca e($lly 4e)t in t%e a c%ives o( t%e te,)le, to 3%ic% no )e son 3as a!,itte!. II /in-s 22H=A Acts 1:H21. T%e ,an$sc i)ts 3e e t ansc i+e! 3it% - eat ca$tion an! e2actness. T%e alte ation o( a lette 3o$l! con!e,n t%e co)y to t%e (la,es. T%e 0e3s eco !e! t%e n$,+e o( 3o !s an! lette s in eac% ,an$sc i)t, an! ,a 4e! t%e ,i!!le lette as a sa(e-$a ! a-ainst co $)tion. T%e 3%ole o( t%e Ol! Testa,ent 3as t anslate! ( o, its 1e+ e3 an! C%al!ee into G ee4, at Ale2an! ia, nea ly t% ee %$n! e! yea s +e(o e t%e C% istian e a. T%is t anslation is calle! t%e Se)t$a-int, an! is still e2tant. D&2. "%at is a t%i ! 4in! o( e2te nal evi!enceE "%at %ave t%e 0e3s !one to ) ese ve t%e ol! Testa,entE "%at is sai! o( e2t a co)iesE T%e ,an$sc i)tsE "%en an! 3%e e 3as t%e Ol! Testa,ent (i st t anslate! into G ee4E "%at is t%is t anslation calle!E "%at %as +eco,e o( t%isEF T%e Sa,a itan Pentate$c%, still e2tant, is also ve y ancient, an! a- ees essentially 3it% t%at o( t%e 0e3s. "%en 3e consi!e t%e en,ity +et3een t%e 0e3s an! Sa,a itans, t%is a- ee,ent o( t%ei co)ies is a st on- con(i ,ation o( t%ei -en$ineness. T%e a$to- a)% 'SS. o( t%e 1e+ e3 Sc i)t$ es a e all lost. T%e ol!est e2tant +elon- to t%e ei-%t% an! nint% cent$ ies. 5et t%e e a e ci c$,stances atten!in- t%ei ) ese vation an! t ans,ission, 3%ic% ) ove t%ei -en$ineness 3it% nea ly as ,$c% ce tainty as i( t%e (i st co)ies 3e e still in e2istenceA s$c% as, D1F T%e a- ee,ent o( 3i!ely.scatte e! co)iesA D2F O( ea ly ve sionsA D#F O( ?$otations +y ea ly 3 ite s. T%e invention o( ) intin- is a - eat sa(e-$a ! o( t%e te2tH DIF *y - eatly ,$lti)lyin- co)iesA D2F *y t%e !i((ic$lty in alte in- ) int 3it% a )en. D&#. "%at is sai! o( t%e Sa,a itan Pentate$c%E Do t%e Sa,a itan an! 0e3is% co)ies a- eeE "%at !oes t%is ) oveE "%at is sai! o( t%e a$to- a)% 'SSE "%at o( t%e ol!est 'SSEF T%e ol!est 'SS. o( t%e Ne3 Testa,ent, an! o( t%e Se)t$a-int o G ee4 ve sions o( t%e Ol!, a e nea ly (i(teen %$n! e! yea s ol!. O( t%ese, t%e Ale2an! ian is no3 in t%e * itis% '$se$,, t%e Vatican is in t%e Vatican li+ a y at Ro,e, an! t%e Sinaitic, !iscove e! at 'o$nt Sinai, D1=:C,F is in St. Pete s+$ -%. E,inent sc%ola s %ave s)ent t%ei lives in t%e c itical e2a,ination o( t%ese an! %$n! e!s o( late 'SS., an! %ave (o$n! ,any ,in$te va iations, +$t a s$+stantial a- ee,ent. No !oct ine o( t%e C%$ c% is in t%e least s%a4en +y all t%e va io$s ea!in-s. Fo instance, t%e i,)o tant E)istle to t%e Ro,ans, containin- (o$ %$n! e! an! t%i ty t% ee ve ses, %as +$t (o$ va io$s ea!in-s 3o t%y o(
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note, as (ollo3sH C%a)te <H;, Kt%at +ein- !ea!K ea!, K3e +ein- !ea! to t%atAK t%e !i((e ence in t%e G ee4 is +et3een o an! e. In c%a)te 11H;, t%e latte %al( o( t%e ve se is o,itte!. In c%a)te 12H11,K ti,eK s%o$l! +e ea! (o KLo ! K.t%e ,ista4e o( one lette . In c%a)te 1;H:, KAsiaK s%o$l! +e ea! (o Ac%aia.K "%en, t%e e(o e, 3e ea! o( one %$n! e! an! t3enty t%o$san! va io$s ea!in-s note! +y D . /ennicott in t%e Ne3 Testa,ent, 3e a e to $n!e stan! t%at t%ey a e o( no si-ni(icance, so (a as t%e ,eanin- is conce ne!, an! 3e a e to e,e,+e t%at in t%e 3 itin-s o( Te ence Dsi2 )ieces onlyF t%e e a e t% ee t%o$san! va iations, t%o$-% t%ey %ave +een co)ie! ,any ti,es less ( e?$ently. D&&. Do T%ey s$+stantially a- eeE "%at !oes *en-el sayEF Says *en-el to %is sc%ola , KEat t%e Sc i)t$ e + ea! in si,)licity, >$st as yo$ %ave it, an! !o not +e !ist$ +e! i( %e e an! t%e e yo$ (in! a - ain o( san! 3%ic% t%e ,illstone ,ay %ave s$((e e! to )ass. I( t%e 1oly Sc i)t$ es, 3%ic% %ave +een so o(ten co)ie!, 3e e a+sol$tely 3it%o$t va iations, t%is 3o$l! +e so - eat a ,i acle t%at (ait% in t%e, 3o$l! +e no lon-e (ait%. I a, astonis%e!, on t%e cont a y, t%at ( o, all t%ese t ansc i)tions t%e e %as not es$lte! a - eate n$,+e o( va io$s ea!in-s.K I( t%e 0e3s %a! ta,)e e! 3it% t%ei Sc i)t$ es, t%ey 3o$l! %ave e ase! t%e eco ! o( t%ei o3n c i,es, i!olat ies, an! e+ellions a-ainst 0e%ova%. T%e e is sca cely a )assa-e o( t%e Ne3 Testa,ent 3%ic% is not ?$ote! +y t%e (at%e s, an! +y ot%e 3 ite s o( t%e (i st t% ee cent$ ies. T%e ) i,itive C% istians 3e e !ivi!e! into !i((e ent sects. T%ese 3o$l!, o( co$ se, ) event one anot%e ( o, ,a4in- any alte ation in t%e te2t. O+se ve t%e 3a4e($l >ealo$sy +et3een t%e 0e3s an! Sa,a itansA +et3een t%e Essenes, Sa!!$cees, an! P%a isees, an! !i((e ent C% istian sects in all a-es. D&:. "%at is sai! o( t%e (at%e s, etcE O( t%e ) i,itive C% istiansE 1o3 !i! t%e e2istence o( !i((e ent sects ten! to ) ese ve t%e o i-inal te2tEF It 3o$l! not +e )ossi+le (o a Calvinist, o a *a)tist, o a 'et%o!ist, o a 7nita ian, to alte t%e *i+le in t%e least to s$it %is sect, 3it%o$t +ein- !etecte! an! e2)ose!. Co)ies o( t%e Ne3 Testa,ent 3e e ea ly !ist i+$te! in va io$s )a ts o( t%e 3o l!. 'any o( t%ese ,an$sc i)ts a e still e2tant, an! essentially a- ee 3it% eac% ot%e . D$ in- t%e (i st an! secon! cent$ ies, as 3as ) e!icte!, (alse C% ists, (alse -os)els, an! (alse e)istles, eve y.3%e e a+o$n!e!. 'a 4 1#H22A L$4e 1H1A Gal. 1H;CA II T%ess. 2H2.12A I 0o%n 2H1=. T%ese 3e e all o( s%o t e2istence. T%e inte- ity o( t%e 1oly Sc i)t$ es is s$+stantiate! +y evi!ence ten(ol! ,o e va io$s, co)io$s, an! concl$sive t%an t%at 3%ic% can +e a!!$ce! in s$))o t o( any ot%e ancient +oo4, even t%e ,ost %i-%ly ) iGe! G ee4 an! Latin classics. I(A t%e e(o e, t%e (acts elatin- to t%e o i-in, nat$ e, an! ) o- ess o( C% istianity a e not esta+lis%e!, not%inin %$,an %isto y can +e +elieve!. D&;. Is it so at t%e ) esent !ayE "%at o( t%e !i((e ent co)ies o( t%e Ne3 Testa,ent t%at 3e e ea ly !ist i+$te!E "%at ) e!ications 3e e to ta4e )lace !$ in- t%e secon! an! t%i ! cent$ iesE O( 3%at !$ ation 3e e t%eyE "%at is sai! o( t%e inte- ity o( t%e Sc i)t$ esEF "%ile ,illions o( lea ne! vol$,es, 3%ic% ) o,ise! i,,o tality to t%ei a$t%o s, %ave s$n4 into o+livion, t%e *i+le %as s$ vive! even a-ainst o))osition s$c% as no ot%e +oo4 eve 4ne3. T%e lo(tiest ) etensions o( lea nin-, science, an! )%iloso)%yA t%e ,ost ,ali-nant a ts o( 3it, sati e, an! sc$ ility, %ave +een e,)loye! a-ainst t%e *i+le in vain. T%o$san!s o( ti,es it %as +een con!e,ne!, +anis%e!, +$ ne!. Still it s$ vives, an! 3ill s$ vive t%e !issol$tion o( 3o l!s. I Pet. 1H2&, 2:. 2. INTERNAL EVIDENCE. T%is 4in! o( evi!ence is (o$n! in t%e con tents o( t%e *i+le itsel(. S$c% evi!ence s%o$l! +e e2a,ine! 3it% - eat ca$tionA (o , i( t%e +oo4 is eally ( o, Go!, it s%o$l! +e eceive! 3%ateve it ,ay +e (o$n! to contain. A. Consi!e t%e %a ,ony o( its seve al )a ts. T%e *i+le is ,o e ) o)e ly a li+ a y t%an a +oo4. It consists o( seve al !istinct +oo4s +o$n! $) to-et%e . D&<. "%at cont ast +et3een t%e *i+le an! all ot%e lea ne! vol$,esE "%at %as +een e,)loye! a-ainst t%e *i+leE "%at ($ t%e ill t eat,ent o( itE "%at s$ccess %as t%is o))osition %a!E In 3%at !oes t%e inte nal evi!ence o( t%e *i+le consistE 1o3 s%o$l! 3e e2a,ine s$c% evi!ence o( t%e *i+le consistE 1o3 s%o$l! 3e e2a,ine s$c% evi!enceE "%at is t%e (i st evi!ence o( t%is 4in!EF
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It 3as 3 itten +y at least (o ty !i((e ent ,en, o( a - eat va iety o( talents, -eni$s, an! lea nin-, in va io$s )a ts o( t%e ea t%, 3it%o$t conce t, an! in !i((e ent )e io!s o( ti,e, occ$)yin- a s)ace +et3een t%e e2t e,es o( (i(teen %$n! e! yea s. An! yet an enti e %a ,ony o( senti,ent )e va!es t%e 3%ole. 1o3 $nli4e all ot%e 3 itin-s in t%is es)ectB *. T%e si,)licity o( its 3%ole !esi-n. It %as one si,)le an! sin-le o+>ect ( o, t%e +e-innin- to t%e en!.a %isto y o( t%e e!e,)tion o( o$ ace +y 0es$s C% ist. T%is -ol!en t% ea! +in!s $) all t%e +oo4s into $nity. T%is $ni(o , o+>ect is t%e ,o e e,a 4a+le 3%en 3e consi!e t%e - eat n$,+e o( 3 ite s, an! t%e !istance +et3een t%e )e io!s in 3%ic% t%ey 3 ote. In one o( t%e ve y (i st c%a)te s o( t%e *i+le t%e co,in- o( t%e Savio is (o etol!. An! ( o, t%at ti,e sac e! %isto y ,a 4s o$t an! (ollo3s t%e line o( s$ccession 3%ic% con!$cts to C% ist. Gen. #H1:A L$4e 2&H2<, &&. D&=. "%at is sai! o( t%e !i((e ent 3 ite s, etc., o( t%e *i+leE Is t%is, t%ei a- ee,ent, any t%in- )ec$lia E "%at is t%e secon! 4in! o( evi!enceE "%at is t%is $ni(o , !esi-nE "%at en!e s t%is e,a 4a+leE "%at is sai! o( t%e Savio @s co,in-E "%at o( ot%e nations 3%ile t%e Is aelites 3e e in E-y)tEF At t%e ti,e t%e Is aelites 3e e in E-y)t ,any ot%e nations e2iste!, at least in e,+ yo, 3%ose %isto y is (a ,o e i,)o tant, in eve y es)ect +$t one, t%an is t%e %isto y o( t%e 0e3s. T%e e 3e e t%e E-y)tians, t%e Assy ians, an! t%e Pe sians. T%e sac e! %isto y ne-lects t%e, all, an! con(ines its 3%ole attention to a +o!y o( E-y)tian slavesA an! 3%yE *eca$se a,on- t%ese slaves t%e e is t%e ancesto o( t%e co,in- 'essia%. T%e n$,e o$s sac i(ices a,on- t%e 0e3s 3e e all instit$te!, an! $ni(o ,ly o+se ve!, 3it% t%e sa,e si,)le !esi-n.to (a,ilia iGe t%e ,in!s o( ,en to t%e i!ea o( so,et%in- ,o e t%an )enitence to atone (o sin. T%ey all )oint to C% ist, t%e La,+ o( Go!. 0o%n 1H2C. T%e nation ( o, 3%ic% t%e ) o,ise! Savio is to co,e is (ollo3e! in its va io$s !i((ic$lties an! a!vent$ es, $ntil it +eco,es (inally esta+lis%e! in t%e co$nt y 3%e e t%e 'essia% is to a))ea , an! t%en it is le(t. T%e e co$l! +e no st on-e ) oo( t%at t%e *i+le %as t%e %isto y o( C% ist (o its one - eat o+>ect. D&C. "%at nations 3e e t%e eE Does sac e! %isto y ,a4e any !istinctionE "%yE "%at ($t$ e e,a 4a+leE "%at !esi-n is (o$n! in t%e 0e3is% sac i(icesE To 3%o, !o t%ey )ointE "%at o( t%e nation ( o, 3%o, t%e 'essia% 3as to co,eE "%at !oes all t%is ) oveEF C. T%e *i+le is in %a ,ony 3it% t%e li-%t o( nat$ e. T%is is a ($n!a,ental )oint, an! s%o$l! +e 3ell o+se ve!. It is $nans3e a+ly ) ove! +y *is%o) *$tle in %is Analo-y, t%at all t%e o+>ections a-ainst C% istianity ,ay +e >$st as st on-ly $ -e! a-ainst t%e constit$tion an! co$ se o( nat$ e, 3%ic% all, e2ce)t t%e At%eists, a!,it ) ocee!s ( o, Go!. T%e *i+le is not t%e only so$ ce o( eli-io$s 4no3le!-e. Nat$ e an! P ovi!ence %ave a voice on t%is s$+>ect. Ps. 1CA Ro,. 1H2I. T%e li-%t o( nat$ e, %o3eve , 3%en co,)a e! 3it% t%at o( evelation, is li4e t%e li-%t o( t%e ,oon o a sta , 3%en co,)a e! 3it% t%at o( t%e s$n. T%e *i+le neve ecli)ses inte io li-%ts, e2ce)t +y its s$)e io l$ste . Instea! o( closin- o$ eyes to t%e ,ani(estations o( Go!, as -iven $s in nat$ e, it ,a4es $s see t%e, ,o e clea ly. Ps. 1CH1.=. D:I. "%at is t%e t%i ! 4in! o( evi!enceE "%at is sai! o( *$tle @s Analo-yE "%at ot%e so$ ce is t%e e o( t%e e o( eli-io$s 4no3le!-eE "%at Sc i)t$ e ) oves t%isE 1o3 ,ay t%e !i((e ent li-%ts +e co,)a e!E Does t%e *i+le o))ose o ai! t%e li-%t o( nat$ eEF Nat$ e s$--ests t%at t%e A$t%o o( o$ +ein- is ,ost +enevolent in %is c%a acte . T%e *i+le co es)on!s.KGo! is love.K I 0o%n &H=, 1;. All nat$ e e) esents %i, as ,ost !eci!e! an! e((icient in %is -ove n,entA ( o3nin- $)on sin 3it% an a3($l seve ity o( >$!-,ent. T%e *i+le co es)on!s.KGo! is a cons$,in- (i e,K is as a cons$,in- (i e to t%e 3ic4e!. 1e+. 12H2CA 1IH2<A II T%es. 2H=. Co,)a e Dent. &H2&A CH#. KT%e Lo ! ei-net%, let t%e ea t% e>oice.K KT%e Lo ! ei-net%, let t%e )eo)le t e,+le.K Ps. C<H1A CCH1. T%$s t%e *i+le eveals t%e sa,e ) inci)les o( ,o al -ove n,ent t%at a e eveale! +y nat$ e, only
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in a st on-e li-%t. An!, in a!!ition, it !iscloses ot%e t $t%s, still ,o e val$a+le to $s. It teac%es $s t%at Go! is 1ove, t%at ,an is i,,o tal, t%at sin is an in(inite evil 3%ic% can +e (o -iven only t% o$-% (ait% in 0es$s C% ist. D:1. In 3%at instance !o nat$ e an! t%e *i+le co es)on!E Anot%e E "%at te2ts o( Sc i)t$ e ill$st ate t%ese to3 !oct inesE 1o3 !oes t%e *i+le !i((e ( o, nat$ e as to t%e ) inci)les o( ,o al -ove n,entE Does t%e *i+le !isclose any i,)o tant t $t%s t%at nat$ e !oes notEF #. E6PERI'ENTAL EVIDENCE. T%is 4in! o( evi!ence is t%e ,ost convincin- o( all. It is (o$n! in its ,o al )o3e ove t%e %$,an %ea t. T%e *i+le is 4no3n +y its ( $its. To ill$st ateH S$))ose a ! ea!($l )la-$e s%o$l! + ea4 o$t in t%e city o( Ne3 5o 4, an! s) ea! t% o$-%o$t t%e 7nite! States, ca yin- conste nation an! !eat% into t%o$san!s o( (a,ilies. A(te a-in- (o seve al ,ont%s, intelli-ence is + o$-%t ( o, C%ina o( a ce tain )lant t%at %as t%e e +een (o$n!, an! ) ove! to +e a e,e!y (o t%is !isease. O$ -ove n,ent concl$!es to sen! a s%i) (o a s$))ly o( t%e a ticle, an! o$ citiGens eve y3%e e a e 3aitin- 3it% an2iety t%e s%i)@s et$ nA at len-t% s%e a ives, an! t%e a ticle is in ($ll ci c$lation. No3, t%e ?$estion is, "%at 3ill inte est o$ )eo)le ,ostE "ill it +e an e2a,ination o( t%e evi!ence t%e e ,ay +e t%at t%e s%i) %as act$ally +een to C%ina, o t%at %e la!in- consists o( t%e i!entical a ticle (o 3%ic% s%e 3as sentE "ill t%ey not +e ,o e an2io$s to 4no3 3%et%e t%is ,e!icine 3ill c$ eE D:2. "%at is t%e t%i ! class o( evi!enceE In 3%at !oes it consistE O( 3%at i,)o tance is itE "%at ill$st ation is -ivenEF S$))ose an in!ivi!$al inte este! in t%e contin$ance o( t%e !isease s%o$l! ) ono$nce it all an i,)osition. KSto),K %e ,i-%t say, K%o3 !o yo$ 4no3 t%at t%is is a eal e,e!yE T%at s%i) neve ca,e ( o, C%ina. T%e o((ice s an! c e3 %ave $nite! in a !ece)tion. E2a,ine %e )a)e s, an! yo$ 3ill (in! it a !el$sion.K No3, 3o$l! t%e ,ass +e in(l$ence! +y s$c% o+>ectionsE No. T%ei e)ly 3o$l! +e, K"e leave all t%is 3it% t%e c$sto,.%o$se o((ice s. At ) esent 3e %ave no ti,e to in?$i e into t%ese ,atte s. T%is ,e!icine %as c$ e! t%o$san!s. It is no3 c$ in- t%o$san!s ,o e. Nay, 3e 3e e sic4, an! it %as c$ e! $s. O$ nei-%+o s an! ( ien!s a e !yin-, an! t%e e is not%in- else to t y.K T%$s, 3e ely $)on t%e evi!ence 3e %ave. It is !i ect. It is s$((icient. "e %ave eason to +elieve t%e ,e!icine 3ill c$ e. T%is 3o$l! +e t%e s$+stance o( t%ei e)ly, an! t%ey 3%o 3o$l! +e save! ( o, sin s%o$l! !o t%e sa,e. "%e eve 3e o)en t%e sac e! vol$,e 3e (in! so,e !i ection, 3%ic%, i( ) o)e ly o+se ve!, 3o$l! ,a4e $s -oo! citiGens, -oo! nei-%+o s, -oo! ( ien!s, an! -oo! ,en. D:#. In e2a,inin- t%is s$+>ect %o3 s%o$l! 3e ) ocee!, i( 3e s%o$l! +e save!E "%at $se($l !i ections !oes t%e *i+le containEF "%e eve it %as +een eceive! an! o+eye!, t%e ,ost +ene(icial e((ects %ave (ollo3e!. Eve y nation, o( eve y a-e t% o$-% 3%ic% it %as !escen!e! to $s, %as +een +lesse! +y it. T%e + i-%test s)ots $)on t%e -lo+e, in eve y vie3, intellect$al, social, civil, ,o al, an! eli-io$s, %ave eve +een t%ose 3%e e t%e *i+le %as +een ,ost %ono e! an! o+eye!. "%e eve C% istian ,issiona ies %ave -one, t%e ,ost +a +a o$s nations %ave +eco,e civiliGe! an! save!. T%e ancient in%a+itants o( Ge ,any, 1$n-a y, Den,a 4, S3e!en, * itain, an! I elan!, as also t%ose o( No t% an! So$t% A,e ica, t%e East an! "est In!ies, G eenlan!, So$t% an! "est A( ica, etc., a e all ill$st io$s ,on$,ents o( t%e +lesse! e((ects o( t%e *i+le. Anot%e e((ect 3%ic% t%e Sc i)t$ es ) o!$ce 3%e eve t%ey a e !$ly es)ecte!, is esi-nation an! )eace in vie3 o( !eat%. T%is is an %onest %o$ . "%ile t%e ,ost note! $n+elieve s o(ten eno$nce t%ei syste,s o( in(i!elity, an! t%e e+y s%o3 t%ei insince ity, t%e C% istian +elieve is ,o e t%an eve attac%e! to t%e +oo4 t%at eveals to %i, ete nal li(e. D:&. 1as t%is +een ealiGe! 3%e e t%e *i+le %as +een eceive!E "%at is sai! o( eve y nation, etc.E "%ic% a e t%e + i-%test s)ots on t%e -lo+eE O( 3%at +ene(it %ave C% istian ,issiona ies +eenE "%at ,on$,ents e2ist o( t%e -oo! e((ects o( t%e *i+leE "%at e((ect !oes it ) o!$ce in vie3 o( !eat%E "%at cont ast +et3een t%e +elieve an! $n+elieve EF
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Anot%e ,ani(estation o( t%e -oo! e((ects o( t%e *i+le is t%e t eat,ent it eceives ( o, i,,o al ,en. "%e e !o 3e %ea t%e *i+le conte,ne!, an! its a$t%o ity s)$ ne!E It is a,on- t%e i-no ant an! vicio$s. "%e e !oes it eceive $n,eas$ e! ins$lt an! sco n, +$t in -a,+lin- %o$ses, ti))lin- %o$ses, an! ot%e vile )lacesE "%o a e t%ey t%at snee a+o$t t%e in!elicacies o( t%e *i+le, +$t t%ose 3%ose i,a-ination an! %ea t a e (o$n! !is)ose! to s$c% t%in-sE As, t%e e(o e, all $n+elie( %as a ,o al ca$se in t%e !e) ave! %ea t at%e t%an intellect$al ca$se in not satis(yin- t%e %$,an eason, it is 3ise to a))ly t%e )$n-ent t $t%s o( C% istianity to t%e %ea ts o( $n+elieve s t%an to !is)$te a+o$t its evi!ences. Ps. 1&H1A 0o%n CH2<. D:;. "%at ot%e ) oo( o( t%e -oo! e((ects o( t%e *i+leE "%e e !o 3e %ea t%e *i+le conte,ne!E "%e e !oes it eceive ins$lt, etc.E "%o snee a+o$t its in!elicaciesE S%o$l! 3e +e incline! to !is)$te 3it% $n+elieve sE "%yE In e2a,inin- t%e evi!ences o( C% istianity, 3%at ?$estion s%o$l! +e as4e!EF In e2a,inin- t%e s$+>ect o( its evi!ences o$ selves, 3e s%o$l!, (i st o( all, as4 t%e ?$estion, KA, I 3illin- to +eco,e all t%at C% istianity e?$i es, ) ovi!e! it can +e ) ove! to +e ( o, %eavenEK "%oeve can ans3e t%is ?$estion in t%e a((i ,ative 3ill (in! eve y o+st $ction to t%e ($llest (ait% e,ove!. O$ con(i!ence in t%e t $t%s o( eveale! eli-ion is al,ost e2actly ) o)o tione! to t%e (i!elity 3it% 3%ic% 3e !o o$ !$ty. 0o%n <H1<. I( 3e lay asi!e o$ !$ties, !a 4ness an! !o$+t 3ill +e o$ e2)e ience. Ret$ n to !$ty, an! li-%t (o t%e intellect an! )eace (o t%e %ea t 3ill co,e +ac4 to-et%e . Finally, t%e e is not in all t%e 3o l! a )a ti!e o( evi!ence a-ainst t%e clai, o( t%e Sc i)t$ es to Divine ins)i ation. K"%at none can ) ove a (o -e y ,ay +e t $eA "%at none +$t %a! ,en 3is% e2)lo!e! ,$st.K &. COLLATERAL EVIDENCES. a. T%e in(l$ence o( t%e *i+le in t%e (o ,ation o( t%e no+lest c%a acte s in t%e 3o l!@s annals. E2a,)lesH KI %ave ea! t%e *i+le ,o nin-, noon, an! ni-%t, an! %ave eve since +een t%e %a))ie an! +ette ,an (o s$c% ea!in-.K .ED'7ND *7R/E. D:;. "%at 3o$l! +e t%e es$ltE S%o$l! 3e consentE To 3%at is o$ con(i!ence in t%e *i+le ) o)o tione!E "%at is t%e es$lt o( ne-lectin- !$tyE O( et$ nin- to itE Is t%e e any evi!ence a-ainst t%e sc i)t$ al clai, to Divine ins)i ationE "%at says t%e )oetE "%at in(l$ence %as t%e *i+le in (o ,in- no+le c%a acte sEF KT%e *i+le is t%e +est +oo4 in t%e 3o l!. It contains ,o e o( ,y little )%iloso)%y t%an all t%e li+ a ies I %ave seen.K .0O1N ADA'S, t%e secon! P esi!ent o( t%e 7nite! States, to T1O'AS 0EFFERSON, t%e t%i ! P esi!ent. KT%e e is no +oo4 li4e t%e *i+le (o e2cellent lea nin-, 3is!o,, an! $se.K .Si 'ATT1E" 1ALE, C%ie(.0$stice o( En-lan!. KRea! t%e *i+le, ea! t%e *i+le K .T%e !yin- 3o !s o( "ILLIA' "IL*ERFORCE. KT%e *i+le is e?$ally a!a)te! to t%e 3ants an! in(i ,ities o( eve y %$,an +ein-. No ot%e +oo4 eve a!! esse! itsel( so a$t%o itatively an! so )at%etically to t%e >$!-,ent an! ,o al sense o( ,an4in!.K .C%ancello 0A'ES /ENT. KA st ea, 3%e e ali4e t%e ele)%ant ,ay s3i, an! t%e la,+ ,ay 3a!e.K.GREGOR5 t%e G eat. KI - ate($lly eceive an! e>oice in t%e li-%t o( evelation, 3%ic% %as set ,e at est in ,any t%in-s, t%e ,anne 3%e eo( o( ,y )oo eason can +y no ,eans ,a4e o$t to ,e.K . 0O1N LOC/E, t%e P%iloso)%e . D:<. "%at e2a,)lesEF KT%e *i+le is in!ee! a,on- +oo4s, 3%at t%e !ia,on! is a,on- stones.t%e ) ecio$sest, an! t%e s)a 4lin-estA t%e ,ost a)t to scatte li-%t, an! yet t%e soli!est an! t%e ,ost ) o)e to ,a4e i,) essions.K .RO*ERT *O5LE, t%e C% istian P%iloso)%e . KT%e ,ost lea ne!, ac$te, an! !ili-ent st$!ent cannot, in t%e lon-est li(e, o+tain an enti e 4no3le!-e o( t%is one vol$,e. T%e ,o e !ee)ly %e 3o 4s t%is ,ine, t%e ic%e an! ,o e a+$n!ant %e (in!s t%e o e. T%e e is +$t one +oo4 . t%e *i+le.K . Si "ALTER SCOTT.
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KI %ave e-$la ly an! attentively ea! t%e 1oly Sc i)t$ es, an! a, o( t%e o)inion t%at t%is vol$,e, in!e)en!ently o( its Divine o i-in, contains ,o e t $e s$+li,ity, ,o e e2?$isite +ea$ty, ,o e )$ e ,o ality, ,o e i,)o tant %isto y, an! (ine st ains +ot% o( )oet y an! elo?$ence, t%an co$l! +e collecte! ( o, all ot%e +oo4s.K .Si "ILLIA' 0ONES, t%e - eat O iental sc%ola . KT%e ,ost 3on!e ($l vol$,e in e2istence is, +eyon! !o$+t, t%e *i+le.K .P o(esso O. '. 'ITC1ELL, LL.D., t%e Ast ono,e an! )at iotic Gene al. KTell t%e ) ince t%at t%is Da costly co)y o( t%e *i+leF is t%e sec et o( En-lan!@s - eatness. K.97EEN VICTORIA@S ,essa-e to an A( ican ) ince 3%o sent an e,+assy to lea n t%e sec et o( * itain@s )o3e . +. T%e %o,a-e o( e,inent )e sons to t%e *i+leH KIt is t%e *i+le, t%e *i+le itsel(, 3%ic% co,+ats an! t i$,)%s ,ost e((icacio$sly in t%e 3a +et3een inc e!$lity an! +elie(.K .'onsie$ F. P. G. G7IJOT, t%e States,an an! 1isto ian. KI call t%at, a)a t ( o, all t%eo ies a+o$t it, one o( t%e - an!est t%in-s eve 3 itten 3it% )en. A no+le +oo4B All ,en@s +oo4B T 1O'AS CARL5LE on t%e *oo4 o( 0o+. KA+ove all, t%e )$ e an! +eni-n li-%t o( REVELATION %as %a! a ,elio atin- in(l$ence on ,an4in!, an! inc ease! t%e +lessin-s o( society.K .GEORGE "AS1INGTON. KI !o not +elieve %$,an society, incl$!in- not ,e ely a (e3 )e sons in any state, +$t 3%ole ,asses o( ,en, eve %as attaine!, o eve can attain, a %i-% state o( intelli-ence, vi t$e, sec$ ity, li+e ty, o %a))iness 3it%o$t t%e 1oly Sc i)t$ es.K ."ILLIA' 1. SE"ARD. KI %ave ea! it t% o$-% ,any ti,es. I no3 ,a4e a ) actice o( -oin- t% o$-% it once a yea . It is a +oo4 o( all ot%e s (o la3ye s as 3ell as !ivines. I )ity t%e ,an 3%o cannot (in! in it a ic% s$))ly o( t%o$-%t an! $les o( Con!$ct.K .DANIEL "E*STER. D:=. "%at instances o( t%e %o,a-e o( e,inent ,enEF KI (in! ,o e s$ e ,a 4s o( a$t%enticity in t%e *i+le t%an in any ) o(ane %isto y 3%ateve . K .Si ISAAC NE"TON, t%e P%iloso)%e an! Ast ono,e . KI 4no3 t%e *i+le is ins)i e!, +eca$se it (in!s ,e at - eate !e)t%s o( ,y +ein- t%an any ot%e +oo4.K .S. T. COLERIDGE. KT%y c eat$ es %ave +een ,y +oo4s, +$t t%y Sc i)t$ es ,$c% ,o e.K .LORD *ACON. KC% ist ) ove! t%at %e 3as t%e Son o( t%e Ete nal +y %is !is e-a ! o( ti,e. All %is !oct ines si-ni(y only, an! t%e sa,e t%in-, ete nity.K .NAPOLEON *ONAPARTE. c. T%e a!,issions o( s4e)tics es)ectin- t%e *i+leH. KI con(ess to yo$ t%at t%e ,a>esty o( t%e Sc i)t$ es st i4es ,e 3it% a!,i ation, as t%e )$ ity o( t%e Gos)el %at% its in(l$ence on ,y %ea t.K .0EAN 0AC97ES RO7SSEA7. KI %ave al3ays sai!, an! al3ays 3ill say, t%at t%e st$!io$s )e $sal o( t%e sac e! vol$,e 3ill ,a4e +ette citiGens, +ette (at%e s, an! +ette %$s+an!s.K .T1O'AS 0EFFERSON. KI !e(y yo$ all, as ,any as a e %e e, to ) e)a e a tale so si,)le an! so to$c%inas t%e tale o( t%e )assion an! !eat% o( 0es$s C% ist, 3%ose in(l$ence 3ill +e t%e sa,e a(te so ,any cent$ ies.K . DENIS DIDEROT, t%e F enc% At%eist. D:C. A!,issions o( s4e)ticsEF KVie3 it in 3%at li-%t 3e ,ay, t%e *i+le is a ve y s$ )assin- )%eno,enon. 'en est on t%is t%ei !ea est %o)es. It tells t%e, o( Go! an! o( %is +lesse! Son, o( ea t%ly !$ties an! %eavenly est.K .T1EODORE PAR/ER, t%e Pant%eist. !. T%e e,a 4a+le s) ea! o( C% istianity a-ainst t%e o))osition o( all t%e 3o l! +y so 3ea4 an a-ency as a (e3 $nlea ne! !isci)les, 3it%o$t t%e ) esti-e o( an4, t%e in(l$ence o( 3ealt%, o t%e ai! o( t%e civil )o3e . e. T%e ) esent ($n!a,ental elation o( C% istianity to t%e 3o l!@s a ts, sciences, li+e ties, la3s, an! ) o- ess, es)ecially t%e (act t%at t%e ,ost C% istian nations a e t%e ,ost a!vance! in intelli-ence an! )o3e , !e,onst ates t%at t%e syste, is a!a)te! to sec$ e ,an@s %i-%est %a))iness in t%is 3o l!. D;I. "%at o( t%e s) ea! o( C% istianityE "%at elation to %$,an ) o- essEF
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Part 02 Doctrine of Christianity
Ch 01 E istence of !od
T1E Divine a$t%o ity o( t%e Sc i)t$ es %avin- +een esta+lis%e!, 3e 3ill ne2t e2a,ine t%e, in e(e ence to t%e !oct ines t%ey contain. T%e !oct ine 3%ic% t%e (i st sentence o( t%e *i+le $n(ol!s is, t%at T1ERE IS A GOD, T1E CREATOR o( all t%in-s. Gen. 1H1. T%e +elie( o( t%is !oct ine is t%e (i st an! F7NDA'ENTAL PRINCIPLE o( all t $e eli-ion, an! t%e e(o e !e,an!s o$ ea liest consi!e ation. 1e+. 11H;. T%e ins)i e! 3 ite s ASS7'E T1IS DOCTRINE as a t $t% 4no3n an! a!,itte!. 1ence t%ey !o not ente into any (o ,al ) oo( o( it. D;1. "it% 3%at )$ )ose s%o$l! 3e ne2t e2a,ine t%e sc i)t$ esE "%at !oct ine is (i st ta$-%tE Do t%e ins)i e! 3 ite s ente into any (o ,ality in teac%in- t%is !oct ineE "%yEF T%e e2istence o( Go! is ) ove! +y O7R O"N E6ISTENCE, an! t%e e2istence o( 3%at is seen a o$n! $s, as 3ell as ( o, 3%at t%e Sc i)t$ es !ecla e. All t%in-s 3%ic% a e seen *EGAN TO E6IST. No3, t%ey eit%e c eate! t%e,selves, ca,e into e2istence +y ,e e c%ance, o 3e e c eate! +y so,e ot%e +ein-. *$t SELF.CREATION is a cont a!iction, (o it s$))oses t%at a +ein- can act +e(o e it e2ists, o t%at an e((ect is t%e ca$se o( itsel(. 1ence to 3 ite ,atte 3it% a ca)ital ' an! call it Go! elieves no !i((ic$lty, 3%ile it aises ,any. CREATION *5 C1ANCE is a+s$ !A (o to say t%at a t%inis ) o!$ce!, an! yet t%at t%e e is no ca$se o( its ) o!$ction, is to say t%at so,et%inis e((ecte! 3%en it is e((ecte! +y not%in-A t%at is, not e((ecte! at all. All t%in-s, t%en, 3%ic% !o a))ea , ,$st %ave +een c eate! +y so,e ot%e *ein-.T1AT *EING IS GOD. Gen. 1H1A Acts 1&H1:A 1<H2&A 1e+. #H&A 11H#. T%e DESIGN, also, !iscove a+le in t%e constit$tion, %a ,ony, an! -ove n,ent o( t%e visi+le $nive se, ) oves t%e +ein- o( Go!. D;2. 1o3 is t%e e2istence o( Go! ) ove!, asi!e ( o, t%e Sc i)t$ esE "%at is sai! o( t%at e2istenceE O( sel( c eationE O( c eation +y c%anceE "%at t%enE "%at o( !esi-nEF T%e ,a 4s o( !esi-n a e too o+vio$s to +e !enie!. Desi-n i,)lies a !esi-ne A an! t%e !esi-ne ,$st e2ist ) io to t%e t%in-s !esi-ne!. T1IS DESIGNER IS CALLED GOD. I( t%e ,o!e n t%eo y o( t%e EVOL7TION o( ,en an! ani,als ( o, so,e -e , 3e e t $e, t%e e ,$st +e a C eato o( t%is -e ,. Evol$tion i,)lies an Evolve . T1IS '7ST *E GOD. 1ence t%e "OR/S OF CREATION ) ove t%e e2istence o( Go!. Ps. 1CH1A C:H#.:A 1IIH#A Isa. 11H12A Jec% . 12H1A Acts 1<H2& Ro,. 1H2I. T%e e2istence o( LIFE on t%e ea t% is ) oo( o( an intelli-ent C eato . Geolo-y ca ies $s +ac4 to a )e io! 3%en t%is ea t%, >$st coole! ( o, its con!ition o( a ,olten ,ass, %a! not t%e (i st t ace o( li(e. No s$c% t ace can +e (o$n! in t%e ol!est o (i e.,a!e oc4s. *$t in t%e 3ate .!e)osite! oc4s >$st a+ove t%e, t%e (i st t aces o( o -anic li(e is (o$n!. T%e -$l( +et3een !ea! ,atte an! o -anic li(e is in(initely + oa!. It can +e + i!-e!, not +y any nat$ al la3, +$t only +y t%e inte vention o( an act o( o,ni)otent )o3e in c eation. In t%e -eolo-ic e)oc%s t%e e a e seve al s$c% )oints 3%e e ol! aces a e !est oye! an! ne3 ones int o!$ce! so !i((e ent ( o, t%e (o ,e t%at t%ey D;#. O( t%e t%eo y o( evol$tionE "%at o( 3o 4s o( c eationE E2istence o( li(eE "%at o( -eolo-yEF co$l! not +e !e ive! ( o, t%e,, an! %ence t%ey ,$st %ave +een !i ect c eations. T%is !oct ine %as ($ t%e evi!ence o( its t $t% in 3%at a e calle! t%e EVENTS OF PROVIDENCE. E2o!. :H1A <H12A =H1;, 22A 1&H#, 2CA 1=H1IA 2IH1=, 22A 2CH&;A De$t. &H#2.#CA Ps. CH1;. T%e na,e o( Go! si-ni(ies T1E GOOD *EING, an! is a))lica+le, in a s$+o !inate sense, to ot%e +ein-s. De$t. 1IH1<A Ps. C<H<A Isa. &1H2#A 0o%n 1IH#:A I Co . =H:.
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T%is na,e, %o3eve , is -iven to t%e A$t%o o( o$ e2istence +y 3ay o( e,inenceA an! %e only is entitle! to t%e na,e. De$t. vi, &A I Co . viii, &;. 1is ,ost a)) o) iate na,e is 0E1OVA1, 3%ic% is not an acci!ental na,e, !estit$te o( si-ni(icance, +$t a na,e a!o)te! +y Go! %i,sel(, an! Kset in Is aelK to e2) ess t%e ,yste y o( %is +ein-. It is $s$ally t anslate! LORD in t%e Ol! Testa,ent, so t%at t%e ,e,o ial na,e is not notice! +y t%e En-lis% ea!e . E2o!. #H 1&, 1:A Ps. =#H1=A Isa. 2;H&. It !enotes ete nal e2istence. T%e 1e+ e3s %a! it in s$c% eve ence t%at t%ey !i! not ) ono$nce it. Rev. 1H=A &H=A 11H1<. D;&. O( P ovi!enceE Te2ts. "%at !oes t%e te , Go! si-ni(yE Is it a))lica+le to ot%e +ein-sE "%at o( %is na,e 0e%ova%E "o ! Lo !E 1o3 !i! t%e 1e+ e3 e-a ! itEF *elieve s in a )e sonal Go!, t%e A$t%o o( evelation, !istinct ( o, t%e nat$ al 3o l!, ove 3%ic% %e ) esi!es, a e calle! T1EISTS.D1F *elieve s in a )e sonal Go!, 3%o %as not s)o4en to ,an +y a s$)e nat$ al evelation, a e calle! DEISTS. T%ey 3%o !eny t%e !istinct )e sonality o( Go! an! i!enti(y %i, 3it% t%e $nive se a e PANT1EISTS. So,e o( t%ese %ol! t%at ,atte is t%e only s$+stance 3%ic% e2ists, an! a e 'ATERIALIST PANT1EISTS. Ot%e s !eny t%e e2istence o( ,atte , an! esolve all t%in-s into i!eas. T%ese a e IDEALIST PANT1EISTS. "it% t%e Pant%eist %$,an )e sonality an! ,o al acco$nta+ility a e ill$sions. I( ,an is only a )a t o( Go!, %e cannot sin. T%ose 3%o !eny t%e e2istence o( Go! a e calle! AT1EISTS. All 3%o a e not T%eists e>ect t%e *i+le as Go!@s eveale! 3ill. Deis,, Pant%eis,, an! At%eis, a e eac% o( t%e, a c e!$lity o( t%e - eatest 4in!, %o3eve t%ey ,ay +e !is-$ise! in t%e -a + o( )%iloso)%y, e?$ally !e- a!in- to t%e $n!e .stan!in- an! to t%e %ea t. Ps. 1&H1A 1IH& , =2H:A 0o+ 21H1&.1:. D;:. "%o a e calle! T%eistsE DeistsE Pant%eistsE 'ate ialistsE I!ealistE At%eistsEF
Ch 02 "ttrib#tes of !od
T%e att i+$tes o( Go! a e t%e seve al ?$alities o )e (ections o( t%e Divine nat$ eA o , in ot%e 3o !s, t%e !i((e ent )a ts o( %is c%a acte . T%ese a e calle! att i+$tes +eca$se Go! att i+$tes t%e, to %i,sel(, an! )e (ections +eca$se t%ey a e t%e seve al e) esentations o( t%at one )e (ection, 3%ic% is %i,sel(. T%ese att i+$tes a e !ivi!e! into t3o classes, t%e NAT7RAL an! t%e 'ORAL. T%e NAT7RAL att i+$tes a e t%ose ?$alities 3%ic% !o not i,,e!iately incl$!e t%e notion o( ,o al action, +ein- in!e)en!ent o( t%e 3ill. T%e 'ORAL att i+$tes a e t%ose 3%ic% -ive 3o t%iness to all %is )e (ections, en!e in- %i, in(initely lovely. T%ey involve an e2e cise o( t%e 3ill. As a ,an !oes not 3ill to +e si2 (eet %i-%, +$t !oes 3ill to +e %onest, so Go! !oes not 3ill to +e ete nal, +$t %e !oes 3ill to +e >$st. I( t%is is not so, Go! %as only nat$ al att i+$tes, an! is !estit$te o( a ,o al c%a acte . 1. NAT7RAL ATTRI*7TES. As to t%e nat$ e o s$+stance o( Go! t%e testi,ony o( Sc i)t$ e is ,ost !e(inite. 0o%n &H 2&A II Co . #H1<. D;;. "%at a e t%e att i+$tes o( Go!E "%y so calle!E 1o3 classi(ie!E "%at o( t%e Nat$ alEF a. 1is 7NIT5 stan!s (i st a,on- %is nat$ al att i+$tes. Go! is one. De$t. &H#:A ;H&A #2H#CA I Sa,. <H22A II /in-s 1CH1:A Isa. &&H;, =A &:H:A 0o%n 1<H#A I Co . =H&, ;A E)%. &H;A I Ti,. 1H1<A 0a,es 2H1C. D7ALIS' is t%e +elie( t%at t%e e a e t3o anta-onistic an! ete nal !eities, one -oo! an! t%e ot%e evil. T%ei 3o s%i) involves t%e con($sion o( all ,o al !istinctions. POL5T1EIS', o a )l$ ality o( -o!s, is a ,ost !an-e o$s e o , since it involves t%e 3o s%i) o( +loo!y an! i,)$ e conce)tions o( t%e i,a-ination, 3%ic% +y a la3 o( o$ nat$ e assi,ilates t%e 3o s%i)e to t%e o+>ect 3o s%i)e!. +. ETERNIT5, )ast an! ($t$ e e2istence 3it%o$t en!. Dent. ##H2<A Ps. CIH2A C#H2A 1I#H2&, 2<A Isa. C&H;A :<H1:A 1e+. 1H12A I Ti,. 1H1<A Rev. 1H&, =. c. O'NIPRESENCE, e2istence eve y.3%e e, not +y an e2tension o( )a ts, +$t +y %is essential +ein-. I /in-s =H2<A Ps. 1#CH<.1IA 0e . 2#H2#.2&A E)%. 1H2#. KTell ,e 3%e e is Go!,K sai! an at%eist to a
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c%il!. KI 3ill,K sai! t%e c%il!, Ki( yo$ 3ill tell ,e 3%e e %e is not.K D;<. "%at te2ts ) ove %is 7nityE "%at is D$alis,E Polyt%eis,E "%at te2ts ) ove %is ete nityE O,ni) esenceEF !. O'NISCIENCE, o t%e 4no3le!-e o( all t%in-s an! all events. II C% on. 1;HCA 0o+ #&H21, 22A #<H1;A Ps. 1#CH1.;A 1&<H:A P ov. 1:H#, 11A 2CH11, 12A Isa. &IH2=A &2HCA EGe4. CH:A Dan. 2H22A 0o%n 21H1<A Acts 1H2&A 1:H1=A 1e+. &H1#A I 0o%n #H2I. T%is att i+$te incl$!es 3%at %as +een calle! t%e ) escience o (o e4no3le!-e o( Go!. T%ese te ,s, %o3eve , as a))lie! to Go!, a e i,) o)e . T%ey a e a))lica+le only to (inite intelli-ences. "it% 0e%ova% not%in-, st ictly s)ea4in-, is ($t$ e o )ast, +$t 3%at %e 4no3s %e 4no3s as it is an! not as it 3ill +e. D$ ation, )ast an! ($t$ e, is a ( a,e3o 4 3it%in 3%ic% all %$,an t%in4in- ,$st +e !one. T%e e is no s$c% li,itation to Go!@s intelli-ence. T%e e is no s$ccession o( t%o$-%t, no lo-ical ) ocesses 3it% %i,. 1e sees all t $t%s int$itively. 1e+. &H1#. T%e ,e e 4no3le!-e o( Go! in(l$ences not%in-, no c%an-es t%e nat$ e o( t%in-s in any 3iseA (o t%e )lain eason, t%at it is /NO"LEDGE, an! NOT INFL7ENCE, NOR CA7SATION. So,e actions a e necessa y, s$c% as + eat%in- an! slee)in-, an! ot%e s a e ( ee, an! as s$c% t%ey a e 4no3n o( Go!. 1a! any t%in- +een ot%e 3ise t%an it is, %is 4no3le!-e o( it 3o$l! %ave +een ot%e 3ise. /no3le!-e ta4es its (o , ( o, t%e act, an! not t%e act ( o, t%e 4no3le!-e, as t%e i,) ession ( o, t%e seal an! not t%e seal ( o, t%e i,) ession. 1o3 Go! 4no3s t%e ($t$ e !ecisions o( a ( ee a-ent is to $s a ,yste y, as a e all t%e )e ce)tions o( t%e In(inite ,in!. 0o+ :HCA 2;H1&A Isa. ::H=, CA Ps. 1#CH;A Ro,. 11H##, #&. D;=. O,niscienceE "%at is sai! o( ) escienceE O( Divine 4no3le!-eE 1as %is 4no3le!-e any in(l$ence on o$ actionsE "%at o( necessity an! ( ee actionsEF e. O'NIPOTENCE, o )o3e to !o any t%in- 3%ic% is not in its nat$ e a+s$ ! o e)$-nant to %is nat$ e. Gen. 1<HIA 0o+ CH12A Isa. 2;H&A &#H1#A 0e . 2<H:A #2H1<A Dan. &H#:A 'att. 1CH2;A Rev. 1H=A 1CH;. T%is att i+$te is e) esente! in a va iety o( 3ays, (o t%e t3o(ol! )$ )ose o( a3in- an! cont ollin- t%e 3ic4e!, an! o( a((o !inst en-t% an! consolation to t%e i-%teo$s. Ps. 1H21.22A Ro,. &H2I.21A =H#1. (. I''7TA*ILIT5. T%is att i+$te is in!icate! in %is a$-$st an! a3($l title, KI A,.K E2o!. #H1&A 0o%n =H:=. Co,)a e N$,, 2#H1CA I Sa,. 1:H2CA 0o+ 2#H1#A Ps. 1I2H2<A Isa. 2;H&. DT%e 1e+ e3 ea!s ROC/ OF AGES.F 'al. #H;A 0a,es 1H1<. D;C. Di((e ence +et3een Divine an! %$,an 4no3le!-eE O,ni)otenceE 1o3 is t%is att i+$te e) esente!E Fo 3%at )$ )oseE 1o3 is Go!@s i,,$ta+ility in!icate!EF 1is I,,$ta+ility is also in(e e! ( o, t%e -ene al o !e o( nat$ eH t%e evol$tion o( t%e %eavenly +o!ies, t%e s$ccession o( seasons, t%e la3s o( ani,al an! ve-eta+le ) o!$ction, an! t%e )e )et$ation o( eve y s)ecies o( +ein-. T%is att i+$te is not to +e so inte ) ete! as to si-ni(y t%at %is OPERATIONS a!,it o( no c%an-e o cont a iety $n!e any ci c$,stances 3%ateve . E2o!. #2H1&A EGe4. 1=H2I.#I. 1e c eates an! %e !est oysA %e loves an! %e %ates, etc. T%ese a e t%e ) oo(s, not o( c%an-e in Go!, +$t o( $nc%an-in- PRINCIPLES. 1is I,,$ta+ility ?$ali(ies %i, as t%e S$) e,e R$le o( all, as all t%in-s in t%e 4in-!o,s o( nat$ e an! - ace a e -ove ne! +y FI6ED LA"S. "e e it ot%e 3ise, t%e e 3o$l! +e no sec$ ity (o any t%in-, no any $ni(o , co$ se o( nat$ e. T%is att i+$te in Go! is t%e - an! so$ ce o( te o to t%e i,)enitent, an! o( enco$ a-e,ent to s$c% as a e o( cont ite %ea ts. Ps. 1H21.22A Ro,. 2H2.11A &H2I.21A I T%ess. :H 2&. D<I. F o, 3%at is t%is att i+$te in(e e!E 1o3 s%o$l! it +e inte ) ete!E 1o3 ) ove!E 1o3 !oes Go! -ove n all t%in-sE O( 3%at is t%is att i+$te! t%e - an! so$ ceE Invisi+ilityE Inco,) e%ensi+ilityEF -. INVISI*ILIT5. E2o!. ##H 2.2#A 0o%n 1H1=A Col. 1H1:A I Ti,. ;H1;A 1e+. CH2<. %. INCO'PRE1ENSI*ILIT5. 1e cannot +e - as)e! +y any (inite conce)tion. 0o+ CH<.=A 2;H1&A #;H2;A #<H2#A Ps. 1&:H#A Ro,. 11H##. 2. 'ORAL ATTRI*7TES. a. T%e "ISDO' o( Go!. T%is stan!s (i st a,on- %is ,o al att i+$tes. It is )a tly nat$ al an! )a tly ,o al, +ein- a co,)o$n! o( 4no3le!-e an! +enevolence. T%is )e (ection is ) ove! ( o, t%e 3o 4s o( c eation, ) ovi!ence, an! e!e,)tion, an! ( o, e2) ess !ecla ations o( Sc i)t$ e. E2o!. #&H;A Ps. :&H2&A P ov. #H1CA =H1&A 0e . 1IH12A Dan. 2H2IA Ro,.
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11H##A I Co . #H1CA Col. 2H#A 0$!e 2:A Rev. :H12. +. GOODNESS, o +enevolence, is Go!@s !is)osition to co,,$nicate t%e %i-%est %a))iness. It is ) ove! in t%e sa,e ,anne as 3is!o,. E2o!. #&H:A Ps. ##H:A :2H1A 1I<H =A 11CH ;=A 1&:H<, CA 'att. 1CH1<A 0a,es 1H1<. c. 1OLINESS, o %is )e (ect a+sol$te )$ ity an! ectit$!e o( nat$ e. T%e evi!ence o( t%is is (o$n! in $ni(o , t eat,ent o( all ,o al +ein-s, an! also in %is 3o !. E2o!. 1:H11A D<1. "%at is Go!@s 3is!o,E 1o3 ) ove!E Goo!nessE P oo(E 1olinessE P oo(EF Lev. 11H&&A 0os%. 2&H1CA Ps. 22H#A 111HCA 1&:H1<A Isa. ;H#A I Pet. 1H1:, 1;A Rev. 1:H&. !. 07STICE, t%e e2) ession o( %oliness +y actions, o %is !is)osition to en!e $nto all t%ei !$es. T%is is ) ove! ( o, its !is)lay in t%e ,o al 3o l!, an! ( o, t%e *i+le. E2o!. #&H ;A De$t. #2H&A Ne%. CH1#A 0o+ =H#A Ps. =CH1&A Isa. &:H21A Rev. 1:H#. e. 'ERC5 !enotes %is !is)osition to )ity t%e ,ise a+le, an! es)ecially to (o -ive t%ose 3%o %ave !one %i, 3 on-. Since it !e)en!s $)on t%e e2istence o( sin, it is not an essential att i+$te, +$t a st ea, (lo3in- ( o, -oo!ness. It is a -$e! ( o, t%e -i(t o( %is Son, t%e ) ovision o( t%e ,eans o( - ace, an! t%e Sc i)t$ es. E2o!. #&H;.<A N$,. 1&H1=A De$t. &H#1A Psa. ;2H12A =;H1:A 1IIH:A 1I#H=A 11;H:A 1#=H=A La,. #H22A 0ona% &H2A 'ica% <H1=A Ro,. =H#2A II Co . 1H#A E)%. 2H&. (. TR7T1, o )e (ect ve acity. 1is (ait%($lness in acco,)lis%in- %is ) e!ictions, in ($l(illin%is ) o,ises, an! in e2ec$tin- %is t% eatenin-s, is evi!ence o( t%is )e (ection. It is also !ecla e! in %is 3o !. E2o!. #&H;A N$,. 2#H1CA De$t. #2H&A Ps. 1IIH:A 1&;H;A Isa. 2:H1A II Ti,. 2H1#A Tit$s 1H 2A Rev. 1:H#. D<2. "%at is Go!@s >$sticE P oo(E 1is ,e cyE 1o3 a -$e!E T $t%E P oo(EF
Ch 03 The Trinity.
*y t%e T inity is ,eant t%e $nion o( t% ee )e sons in one Go!%ea!A t%e Fat%e , t%e Son an! t%e 1oly G%ost. 'att. #H1;,1<A 2=H1C, 0o%n 1&H1;.1<, 2;A 1:H2;A II Co . 1#H1&A E)%. 2H1=A 1e+. CH1&A I Pet. 1H2. Nea ly all t%e )a-an nations o( anti?$ity ac4no3le!-e! a t inity, 3%ic% is no ,ean evi!ence in (avo o( t%e t $t% o( t%is !oct ine. Al,ost t%e 3%ole C% istian 3o l! a- ee %e e, %o3eve t%ey ,ay !i((e in ot%e )oints.t%e E)isco)alians, P es+yte ians, 'et%o!ists, *a)tists, L$t%e ans, In!e)en!ents, Con- e-ationalists, 'o avians, "al!enses, an! ,any ot%e s,alle sects, to-et%e 3it% t%e e2tensive C%$ c%es o( G eece an! Ro,e. T%e c%ie(, i( not t%e only, o+>ection + o$-%t a-ainst t%is !oct ine is, t%at it is a+s$ ! an! cont a!icto y. *$t it is not so, any ,o e t%an t%e !oct ine is 3%ic% teac%es 1is ete nal e2istence. It is, in!ee!, a ,yste y, an! ,$st necessa ily e,ain s$c% to $s. Its inco,) e%ensi+ility, %o3eve , ) oves not%in- +$t t%at 3e a e (inite +ein-s, an! not Go!. D<#. "%at is ,eant +y t%e T inityE "%at is no ,ean evi!ence o( t%isE 1o3 !o C% istians a- ee %e eE T%e o+>ectionE Is t%is !oct ine a ,yste yE "%at !oes it ) oveEF T%e !oct ine involves no a+s$ !ity o cont a!ictionA (o , in!e)en!ent o( t%e Sc i)t$ es, it %as eason an! analo-y on its si!e. Ta4e, (o instance, t%e s$n in t%e (i ,a,ent, an! yo$ 3ill (in! t%at it is t% ee in one. T%e e is t%e o$n! o +, t%e li-%t, an! t%e %eat. Eac% o( t%ese 3e call t%e s$n. "%en yo$ say t%e s$n is al,ost nine %$n! e! t%o$san! ,iles in !ia,ete , yo$ s)ea4 o( t%e o$n! o +A 3%en yo$ say t%at t%e s$n is + i-%t, yo$ ,ean t%e li-%tA 3%en yo$ say t%at t%e s$n is 3a ,, yo$ ,ean t%e %eat. T%e o + is t%e s$n, t%e li-%t is t%e s$n, an! t%e %eat is t%e s$nA t%ey all ,ean !i((e ent t%in-s, an! still t%e e is +$t one s$n. A-ain, let $s loo4 into o$ selves, an! 3e s%all (in! ($ t%e ill$st ation o( t%e sa,e t $t%. Eve y
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,an livin- is an e2a,)le o( a t inity an! $nity in %is o3n )e son. 1e %as a so$l, a ational ,in!, an! a +o!y, an! 3e call eac% +y t%e sa,e na,e, ,an. "%en 3e say ,an is i,,o tal, 3e ,ean %is so$lA 3%en 3e say t%e ,an is lea ne!, 3e ,ean %is ,in!A 3%en 3e say t%e ,an is sic4, o !ea!, 3e ,ean %is +o!y. Eac% o( t%ese 3e call t%e ,an. T%ey a e all !i((e ent ( o, eac% ot%e , an! yet t%e e a e not t% ee ,en, +$t one ,an. D<&. 1as it any analo-yE Re)eat a (e3 o( t%ese.F Even in t%e ve y ,in! itsel( 3e !iscove a 4in! o( t inity. T%e e is t%e >$!-,ent, t%e ,e,o y, an! t%e i,a-inationA t% ee (ac$lties, eac% o( 3%ic% 3e call ,in!. T%e o((ice o( eac% is !istinctA t%e i,a-ination invents i!eas , t%e ,e,o y etains t%e,, an! t%e >$!-,ent co,)a es an! !eci!es. No3 eac% is calle! ,in!, yet t%e e a e not t% ee ,in!s, +$t one ,in!. F$ t%e ) oo( o( t%e T inity is to +e (o$n! in a e,a 4a+le )ec$lia ity in t%e 1e+ e3 lan-$a-e, 3%ic% )ec$lia ity %as not its )a allel in any ot%e lan-$a-e. T%e ve y (i st an! ,ost $s$al a))ellation o( Deity in t%e o i-inal Sc i)t$ es is Elo%i,. T%at t%is 3o ! is )l$ al is ce tain not only ( o, its (o ,, +$t also +y its +ein- o(ten >oine! 3it% ot%e 3o !s in t%e )l$ al n$,+e . T%e (i st instance occ$ s in t%e ve y (i st sentence o( t%e *i+le, an! in at least t3o t%o$san! (ive %$n! e! ot%e )laces. T%is )ec$lia ity o( i!io, is s$))ose! to %ave o i-inate! in a !esi-n to inti,ate a )l$ ality in t%e nat$ e o( Deity, an! t%$s e2cite an! ) e)a e t%e ,in!s o( ,en (o t%e ($ll !ecla ation o( t%is ,yste y 3%ic% Go! inten!e! to ,a4e. D<:. "%at ($ t%e ) oo(E "%at o( t%e 3o ! Elo%i,E "%e e !oes t%is 3o ! occ$ E In 3%at is t%is )ec$lia i!io, s$))ose! to %ave o i-inate!EF No ot%e eason o( t%is )ec$lia ity can +e -ivenA an!, alt%o$-% it is not elie! on as s$((icient ) oo(, yet, as t%e !oct ine a))ea s else3%e e, it is at least an i,)o tant a$2ilia y. Alt%o$-% t%e st on-est te,)tation o( t%e )at ia c%s an! o( t%e 1e+ e3s 3as to e,+ ace t%e ) evailin- )olyt%eis,, yet Go! eveale! %i,sel( to t%e, +y a )l$ al na,e, 3%en t%e sin-$la na,e 0E1OVA1 3as +ette +e(ittin- ,onot%eis,. 1ence 3e in(e t%at t%e )l$ al na,e 3as c%osen in o !e to (o es%a!o3 t%e ($t$ e evelation o( t%e T inity, o( 3%ic% 0e%ova% is one o( t%e )e sons. T%e e ,$st %ave +een so,e 3ei-%ty eason (o so - eat a is4 to (ait% in t%e $nity o( t%e Go!%ea!. T%e (o , o( t%e ) iestly +lessin- DN$,. ;H2&.2;F is t% ee(ol!, li4e t%e a)ostolic +ene!iction. II Co . 1#H1&. T%e t% ee )e sons in t%e Go!%ea!, t%o$-% !istinct, a e not se)a ate. T%is is t%e case 3it% t%e +o!y an! so$l o( ,an 3%ile %e lives in t%is 3o l!, as it is also 3it% t%e (ac$lties o( t%e ,in!. As in t%e ,ate ial s$n, t%e li-%t an! t%e %eat D<;. Is t%is s$((icient ) oo( o( t%e !oct ineE "%at is sai! o( t%e ) iestly +lessin-E A e t%e T% ee )e sons in t%e Go!%ea! +ot% !istinct an! se)a ateE 1o3 !o yo$ ill$st ateEF ) ocee! ( o, t%e o +, yet t%e t% ee a e o( t%e sa,e !$ ationA so in t%e Deity, t%e Son an! t%e S)i it ) ocee! ( o, t%e Fat%e , yet t%ey a e all o( t%e sa,e !$ ation. T%e sa,e ATTRI*7TES an! ACTS, in t%e Sc i)t$ es, a e asc i+e! to eac% o( t%e t% ee )e sons, 3it%o$t !istinction. ETERNIT5. De$t. ##H2<A 1e+. 1H=A CH1&. O'NIPRESENCE. 0e . 2#H2&A Ps. 1#CH<A 'att. 1=H2I. O'NISCIENCE. Acts 1:H1=A 0o%n 21H1<A I Co . 2H1I. O'NIPOTENCE. Gen. 1<H1A 'att. 2=H1=A Rev. 11H11. "ISDO'. Dan. 2H2IA Col. 2H#A E)%. 1H 1<. INSPIRATION. II Ti,. #H1;A I Pet. 1H11A II Pet. 1H21. SANCTIFICATION. I T%ess. :H2#A 1e+. 1#H12A I Pet. 1H2. T%e act o( CREATION. Gen. 1H2<A 0o+ ##H&A 0o%n 1H#. GIFT OF LIFE. Acts 1<H2:A II Co . #H;A Col. #H&. In a 3o !, all !ivine o)e ations a e att i+$te! to t%e sa,e a!o a+le T inity. See I Co . 12H ;A Col. #H11. T%e 3o ! Kt inityK !oes not occ$ in t%e Sc i)t$ es any ,o e t%an t%e 3o !s o,ni) esence, $+i?$ity, etc. T%e !oct ines, %o3eve , D<<. A e t%e sa,e t%in-s in Sc i)t$ e att i+$te! to t%e seve al )e sonsE "%at te2ts att i+$te ete nity to eac%E O,ni) esenceE O,niscienceE O,ni)otenceE "is!o,E A e not all att i+$te! to t%e t% eeE Does t%e 3o ! t inity occ$ in t%e *i+leEF 3%ic% t%ese te ,s e2) ess a e none t%e less sc i)t$ al on t%is acco$nt. In t%eolo-y, t%e (ive +oo4s o( 'oses a e calle! t%e Pentate$c%, an! t%e ten co,,an!,ents t%e Decalo-$e. T%ese +oo4s an! la3s a e no less eal +eca$se t%e te ,s +y 3%ic% t%ey a e 4no3n a e not sc i)t$ al.
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T%e !isci)les 3e e (i st calle! C% istians at Antioc%, A. D. &2 o &#. *$t t%ey 3e e ce tainly as eal C% istians lon- +e(o e t%is na,e 3as -iven t%e, as t%ey 3e e a(te 3a !. T%e ) inci)al e o s es)ectin- t%e T inity a eH a. SA*ELLIANIS', t%at t%e e is +$t one Pe son ,ani(estin- %i,sel( in t% ee in(l$ences, o)e ations o o((ices. T%is !oct ine ) ese ves t%e !ivinity o( t%e Son an! t%e 1oly G%ost at t%e e2)ense o( t%ei )e sonality. +. S"EDEN*ORGIANIS', t%at t%e e a e t% ee essences in one Pe son.0es$s C% ist. T%is asse ts t%e S$) e,e Deity o( t%e Son at t%e e2)ense o( t%e )e sonality o( t%e Fat%e an! t%e S)i it. c. ARIANIS' !enies t%e T inity +y ,a4in- t%e Son an! S)i it e2alte! c eat$ es o( Go!. T%ei )e sonality is ) ese ve! at t%e e2)ense D<=. Is it t%en ) o)e to $se t%e te ,E Ill$st ate. "%at t% ee e o s es)ectin- t%e T inityEF o( t%ei !ivinity. 'o!e n 7nita ianis,, o so.calle! li+e al C% istianity, e-a !s t%e 1oly S)i it as an in(l$ence, an! 0es$s C% ist as a ,e e ,an, t%e son o( 0ose)%, o( %i-% ,o al e2cellence, 3%ic% it is )ossi+le (o $s to e?$al, o even e2cel.
Ch 0$ %es#s Christ
Alt%o$-% t%e Sc i)t$ es 3%ic% t eat o( t%e c%a acte o( 0es$s C% ist %ave not t%e (o , o( e-$la syste,, yet, 3%en collecte!, t%ey ) esent $s 3it% t% ee )a tic$la classes, eac% o( 3%ic% s$))o ts its co es)on!in- ) o)ositionH I. T%e (i st class s$stains t%e (ollo3in- ) o)osition, na,ely, 0es$s C% ist is ve ily an! t $ly ,an. T%e (ollo3in- a e a (e3 o( t%e )assa-es o( t%is classH T%e Son o( ,an, ei-%ty ti,esA ,a!e (les%, 0o%n 1H&A ,a!e o( 3o,an, Gal. &H&A li4eness o( ,an, P%il. 2H<.=A c%il! +o n, Isa. CH;A <H1&A 'att. 1H1=. 2:A - e3, L$4e 2H:2A ,an o( so o3s, Isa. :#H#A 'att. 2;H#=A %$n-e e!, 'att. &H2A 3ea ie!, 0o%n &H;A te,)te!, 'att. &H2A s3eat, L$4e 22H&&A 3e)t, 0o%n 11H#:A i-no ant, 'a 4 1#H #2A an- y an! D<C. 1o3 is t%e c%a acte o( 0es$s C% ist ) esente! in t%e Sc i)t$ esE "%at ) o)osition !oes t%e (i st class s$stainE "%at a e t%e te2tsEF - ieve!, 'a 4 #H:A !ie!, 0o%n 1CH##A +$ ie!, 0o%n 1CH&2. Finally, all t%ose Sc i)t$ es 3%ic% s)ea4 o( %is s$((e in-s an! !eat%, o in!icate %is in(e io ity, in any sense, a e ) e!icate! o( an! ) ove %is eal %$,anity. T%ey !o not ) ove %i, to +e a ,e e ,an, as so,e %ave s$))ose!, neit%e !o t%ey ) ove %i, an an-el o an a c% an-el as ot%e s %ave s$))ose!A +$t t%ey ) ove %i, to %ave +een a eal ,an, )ossesse!, li4e ot%e ,en, o( a %$,an +o!y an! a %$,an so$l. II. T%e secon! class o( Sc i)t$ es s$stains t%e (ollo3in- ) o)osition, na,ely, 0es$s C% ist is t%e ve y $no i-inate! Go!. T%e (ollo3in- a e a (e3 o( t%ose )assa-esH a. T%ose 3%ic% s)ea4 o( %i, as Go!. 0o%n 1H1A 2IH2=A Acts 2IH2=A Ro,. CH:A Col. 1HCA P%il. 2H;A I Ti,. #H1;A Tit$s #H1IA 1e+. 1H=A I 0o%n :H2I. +. T%ose 3%ic% s)ea4 o( %is ATTRI*7TES. 1is ETERNIT5H Isa. CH;A 'ica% :H2A 0o%n 1H1A =H:=A Col. 1H1<A 1e+. <H#A 1#H =A Rev. 1H=. DIVINE TITLES. Al)%a an! O,e-aH Rev. 1H=A 21H;A 22H1# E,an$elH 'att. 1H2#. D=I. "%at a e t%e testsE "%at !o t%ese ) oveE "%at !oes t%e secon! class s$stainE "%at tests s)ea4 o( %i, as Go!E 1is ete nityE 1is titlesEF Fi st an! LastH Rev. 1H1<. Eve lastin- Fat%e H Isa. CH;. 'i-%ty Go!H Isa. CH;. Gove no 'att. 2H;. 1oly OneH L$4e &H#&A Acts #H1&. 0$st OneH Acts <H:2, /in- Eve lastin-H L$4e 1H##. /in- o( 4in-s an! Lo ! o( lo !sH I Ti,. ;H1:. Lo ! o( Glo yH I Co . 2H=. P ince o( Li(eH Acts #H1:. Savio H L$4e 2H11. Son o( t%e 1i-%estH L$4e 1H#2. Son o( Go!H 'att. 1;H1;, an! ,any ot%e )assa-es. Divine Att i+$tes. O'NIPRESENCEH 'att. 1=H2IA 0o%n #H1#. O'NISCIENCEH 'att. CH&A 'a 4 2H=A 0o%n 2H2&A ;H;&A 1;H#IA 21H1<A Acts 1H2&. O'NIPOTENCEH Isa. CH;A 'att. 2=H1=A 0o%n #H#1A 1IH1=A Ro,. CH:A E)%. 1H21A Col. 1H1;.1=A 2H1IA 1e+. 1H#A Rev. 1H=. "ISDO'H Col. 2H#. 1OLINESSH 'a 4 1H2&. 07STICEH Acts 22H1&. TR7T1H 0o%n 1&H;. GOODNESSH Acts 1IH#=. c. T%ose 3%ic% s)ea4 o( %is acts. CREATIONH 0o%n 1H#, 1IA Col. 1H1;A I Co . =H;A 1e+. 1H2.
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INSPIRATIONH I Pet . 1H11, 0o%n 1&H2; , 1=H#<. SALVATIONH Co,)a e Isa. &:H21.22, an! I Ti,. &H1IA Acts &H12A 1e+. :HCA <H2:. D=1. O( %is att i+$tesE O( %is actsEF RES7RRECTIONH 0o%n :H21, 2=.2CA ;H&I 11H2:. 07DG'ENTH 'att. 2&H#IA 2:H#1A Acts 1<H #1A Ro,. 1&H1IA II Co . :H1IA II Ti, &H1. &. T%ose 3%ic% s)ea4 o( %is %ono s. "ORS1IPH Co,)a e 'att. 2H11A 1&H##A L$4e 2&H:2A 1e+. 1H;A 0o%n :H2#A Rev. :H12.1#. T%e 3o ! 3o s%i) -ene ally !enotes s$) e,e %o,a-eA as s$c% it is a))lie! (i(teen ti,es in t%e Ne3 Testa,ent to 0es$s C% ist, an! in no instance is any e) oo( -iven as t%e e is 3%en 3o s%i) is o((e e! to a C eat$ e. Acts 1&H1#.1=A Rev. 1CH1I. Since ninety.nine %$n! e!t%s o( all C% istians, in all a-es, %ave en!e e! !ivine 3o s%i) to C% ist, it (ollo3s t%at %e is eit%e entitle! to eceive 3o s%i), o %e %as, as a eli-io$s teac%e , so (aile! in %is ,ission as to lea! nea ly all %is )$)ils into t%e i!olat y o( C eat$ e 3o s%i). T%e a,+assa!o o( Go! to a sin($l ace %as so )e ve te! %is o((ice as to sec$ e alle-iance to %i,sel(, an! not to t%e s$) e,e A$t%o ity +y 3%ic% %e 3as co,,issione!. In ot%e 3o !s, i( 0es$s is not 3o t%y o( !ivine %ono s, %e is a s$ccess($l ival to Go! in sec$ in- t%e love an! %o,a-e o( ,an4in!. S$c% a concl$sion !est oys %is ,o al inte- ity. D=2. O( %is %ono sE O( %is teac%in-sEF III. T%e t%i ! class o( Sc i)t$ es s$stains t%e (ollo3in- ) o)osition, na,elyH S$+stantial !ivinity an! eal %$,anity a e co,+ine! in t%e )e son o( 0es$s C% ist. a. T%e ve y na,e o( 0es$s C% ist is a s$((icient ) oo(. 0ES7S, Savio , +ein- t%e %$,an a))ellation, an! C1RIST, 'y Anointe!, +ein- t%e o((icial title. KI,,an$elHK 'att. 1H2#. Co,)a e also I Ti,. #H1;A 0o%n 1H1&. +. A-ainH KO( 3%o, conce nin- t%e (les% C% ist ca,e, L%e e is %is %$,anity,M 3%o is Go! ove all, +lesse! (o eve ,K L%e e is t%e !ivinity.M Ro,. CH:. A si,ila !istinction is (o$n! in Ro,. 1H#.&H KAcco !in- to t%e (les%,K D%$,anity,F Kacco !in- to t%e s)i it o( %oliness,K o s)i it 3%ose att i+$te is %oliness, D!ivinity.F c. As Go!, %e is t%e oot so$ ce, o o i-in o( Davi!@s (a,ily an! 4in-!o,. As ,an %e %as !escen!e! ( o, Davi!@s loins. Rev. 22H1;. !. As ,an, %e 3ee)s ove t%e - ave o( LaGa $s. As Go!, %e aises %i, ( o, t%e !ea!. 0o%n 11H#:, &#, &&. e. As ,an, %e %i,sel( s$((e s an! !ies. 'a 4 1&H#&.#:A 1:H#&, #<. *$t as Go!, %e is a+le to aise %is o3n +o!y ( o, t%e - ave. 0o%n 1IH1=. D=#. "%at ) o)osition !oes t%e t%i ! class s$stainE Re)eat t%e (i st class o( te2ts. Secon!. T%i !. Fo$ t%. Fi(t%.F T%e e is no ,o e ) o) iety in !enyin- t%e !ivinity o( C% ist, +eca$se t%e e a e so ,any te2ts 3%ic% s)ea4 o( %is %$,anity, t%an t%e e is in !enyin- %is %$,anity, +eca$se t%e e a e so ,any te2ts 3%ic% t eat o( %is !ivinity. As t%ose t3o nat$ es a e $nite! in %i,, %e %as o( co$ se a !o$+le ,o!e o( s)ea4in- o( %i,sel(. No is t%is 3it%o$t analo-y as to o$ selvesA (o instanceH "%en yo$ say, I a, sic4, yo$ s)ea4 o( yo$ +o!yA an! 3%en yo$ say, I a, %a))y, yo$ s)ea4 o( yo$ so$l, etc. "%at s%o$l! yo$ t%in4 o( one 3%o s%o$l! ta4e one %al( o( yo$ 3o !s, an! ,a4e no acco$nt o( t%e est, an! t%$s atte,)t to ) ove t%at yo$ 3e e not +ot% ,o tal an! i,,o talE T%is is >$st t%e e o ,en (all into conce nin- 0es$s C% ist. 0es$s ,ani(estly clai,s s$) e,e !ivinity 3%en %e says to P%ili), K1e t%at %at% seen ,e %at% seen t%e Fat%e .K 0o%n 1&HC. T%at is, seen t%e Fat%e so (a as %e can +e seen +y ,o tals. 0es$s 3as t%e %$,an )e sonation o( t%e invisi+le Go!. As t%e so$l, 3%ic% is not !isce ne! in itsel(, is !iscove e! +y 3%at it D=&. 'ay not %is %$,anity +e !enie! 3it% e?$al ) o) ietyE "%y !oes C% ist s)ea4 o( %i,sel( 3it% a !o$+le ,o!eE "%at is t%e e o ,en (all into conce nin- C% istEF !oes t% o$-% t%e +o!y, so %e sees t%e Fat%e only as %e sees %i, in t%e Son. 0o%n 1H1=. 1e inci!entally ass$,es e?$al an4 3it% t%e Fat%e +y t%e $se o( t%e ) ono$ns "E an! 7S, 3%ic% it 3o$l! +e t%e %ei-%t o( ) es$,)tion (o a c eat$ e to $se. 0o%n 1&H2#A 1<H21.22. T%e sc i)t$ es $ -e! a-ainst t%is !oct ine a e 0o%n 1&H2=, K'y Fat%e is - eate t%an I.K In %is ,e!iato ial o((ice, +ein- sent, %e 3as in(e io to t%e Fat%e , 3%o sent %i,. 0es$s e(e s not to %is nat$ e +$t to %is o((ice. 0es$s in t%ese ve y 3o !s i,)lies t%at t%e e is, in so,e sense, a !ivine e?$ality, (o 3%at ,an 3o$l! say, KGo! is - eate t%an I.KE
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Anot%e sc i)t$ e is 'a 4 1IH1=. 1e e t%e 7nita ian is in t%is !ile,,a.eit%e , KT%e e is none -oo!, +$t Go!A C% ist is -oo!H t%e e(o e %e Is GODAK o , KT%e e is none -oo! +$t Go!H C% ist is not Go!A t%e e(o e %e IS NOT GOOD.K In vie3 o( C% ist@s ,any clai,s to +e Go!, %e eit%e is Go! o not a -oo! ,an. 1ence t%ey 3%o +e-in +y !enyin- C% ist@s s$) e,e Deity, lo-ically en! +y assa$ltin- %is ,o al inte- ity. In 'a 4 1#H#2, %is i-no ance o( t%e !ay an! %o$ o( t%e co,in- o( t%e Son o( ,an !oes not !is) ove %is Divinity, since it ,ay %ave +een D=:. E2)lain t% ee sc i)t$ al.F a )a t o( %is %$,iliation in %is ,e!iato ial o((ice t%at t%is ,atte 3as %i!!en ( o, %i,. 1is ) aye s to t%e Fat%e !o not a -$e an essential in(e io ity. 1e co$l! not +e a )e (ect e2a,)le (o $s 3it%o$t )iety, an! %e co$l! not evince %is )iety 3it%o$t ) aye , ) aise, an! 3o s%i) to %is %eavenly Fat%e . PRINCIPAL ERRORS es)ectin- t%e Pe son o( 0es$s C% istH a. T%e DOCETAI, Kt%e See,e s,K ta$-%t t%at t%e %$,anity o( 0es$s 3as not eal +$t only a see,in-, an! t%at %e s$((e e! an! !ie! only in a))ea ance. +. A)ollina is ta$-%t t%at 0es$s %a! only a %$,an +o!y en!o3e! 3it% a sensitive +$t not 3it% a ational so$l, an! t%at Divinity s$))lie! t%e )lace o( t%e intellect in ,an. c. T%e 'onot%elites ta$-%t t%at 0es$s %a! +$t one 3ill in %is t3o nat$ es. !. T%ey 3%o !eny t%e ete nal Sons%i) teac% t%at t%e Lo-os, o "o !, D0o%n 1H1, 1&,F 3as not t%e Son o( Go! $ntil %e 3as t%e Son o( 'a y. T%is o)inion %as neve +een acce)te! as o t%o!o2, no %as t%e (ollo3in-H e. T%at t%e Lo-os +eca,e t%e Son o( Go! +y $nitin- %i,sel( 3it% a ) e.e2istent %$,an so$l a-es +e(o e %e +eca,e inca nate, ( o, 3%ic% D=;. "%at (ive ot%e e o sEF so$1 %e 3ill $lti,ately se)a ate %i,sel(. T%e ) e.e2istence o( %$,an so$ls is not ta$-%t in t%e Sc i)t$ es, +$t is a )a t o( t%e t ans,i- ation o( so$ls (o$n! in ancient ,yt%olo-y. 'EDIATION. T%e $nion o( t3o 3%ole an! )e (ect nat$ es, Divinity an! 1$,anity, ?$ali(y 0es$s C% ist to +e t%e 'e!iato , t%at is, )e (ectly to e) esent Go! to sin($l ,an an! (allen ,an to Go!, an! to ) ovi!e, t% o$-% %is s%e! +loo! an! t%e a-ency o( t%e 1oly S)i it, (o a econciliation +et3een t%e,. I Ti,. 2H:A 1e+. =H;A CH1:A 12H2&.
Ch 0& The 'oly !host

T%e e a e t% ee ) inci)al an! ($n!a,ental e o s e2tant es)ectin- t%e 1oly G%ostH 1. It is si,)ly anot%e na,e (o t%e Fat%e . 2. It is a ,e e (i-$ e o( s)eec% (o t%e in(l$ence o( t%e Deity. T%e a$t%o o( KEcce 1o,oK e-a !s t%e 1oly G%ost as t%e es) it !e co )s, o t%e ent%$sias, o( t%e Society o( C% istians. T%e va io$s (o ,s o( Rationalis, e-a ! %i, as an ene -y o( Go! an! not as a )e son, t%at is, a t%in4in- an! intelli-ent +ein-. D=<. "%at is sai! o( %is ,e!iationE "%at e o s e2tant es)ectin- t%e 1oly G%ostE 1o3 a e t%ese con($te!EF #. It is a ,e e c eat$ e. In con($tation o( t%e (i st t3o e o s, o$ attention is a este! +y t%e i,)o tant (act t%at t%is S)i it is ( e?$ently associate! in t%e Sc i)t$ es 3it% t%e Fat%e an! Son, t%e !istinct )e sonality o( +ot% o( 3%ic% is not !enie!. See t%e a -$,ents $n!e T inity. 1is )e sonality is s%o3n not only +y +a)tiGin- an! +lessin- in %is NA'E, 'att. 2=H1CA II Co . 1#H1&, +$t also ( o, %is (eelin- love, Ro,. 1:H#I, an! - ie(, E)%. &H#IA ( o, %is act o( )e ,ittin-, Acts 1&H1;A a+i!in-, 0o%n 1&H1;A teac%in-, ve se 2;, an! I 0o%n 2H2<A a))ointin-, Acts 1#H2A sen!in-, ve se &A inte ce!in-, Ro,. =H2;A convincin- o( sin 0o%n 1;H=A e-ene atin-, 0o%n ;H;#A Tit$s #H:A 3itnessin-, Ro,. =H1;A sancti(yin-, I Co . ;H11A ins)i in-, II Pet. 1H21A an! es)ecially +y t%e (act t%at sin a-ainst %i, is $n)a !ona+le 'att. 12H#1. In con($tation o( t%e t%i ! %e esy, t%e t%i ! )e son in t%e association %as all t%e na,es,
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)e (ections, an! 3o 4s, )ec$lia to t%e Go!%ea!, asc i+e! to %i,, an! is, t%e e(o e, essentially Divine. T%e 1oly G%ost is calle! Go!, Acts :H#.&A D==. "%at acts s%o3 t%at %e is a )e sonE "%at sc i)t$ es asc i+e to %i, t%e na,e o( DeityEF Lo !, II Co . #H1<. 1e is ete nal 1e+. CH1&A o,ni) esent, Ps. 1#CH<A I Co . #H1;A o,niscient , I Co . 2H1IA o,ni)otent, I Co . 12H&.11. To %i, is asc i+e! 3is!o,, E)%. 1H1<A -oo!ness, Ps. 1&#H1IA c eation, 0o+ 2;H1#A ##H&A es)ecially o( t%e %$,an nat$ e o( C% ist, 'att. 1H2IA L$4e 1H#:A ins)i ation, II Pet. 1H21A es$ ection o( C% ist, Ro,. =H11A I Pet. #H1=. *ot% t%e !ivinity an! )e sonality o( t%e 1oly G%ost a e ) ove! +y s%o3in- t%at 0E1OVA1 o( t%e Ol! Testa,ent, DLORD, in t%e En-lis% ve sion,F an! t%e 1oly S)i it o( t%e Ne3, a e t%e sa,e. Co,)a e Acts 2=H2:.2<, 3it% Isa. ;H=.CA also 1e+. #H<, 3it% E2o!. 1<H<A also 1e+. 1IH1:, 1;, 3it% 0e . #1H#1.#&. *$t as t%e !ivinity o( t%e S)i it is inse)a a+ly connecte! 3it% t%e s$+>ect o( t%e T inity, to e2ten! t%is evi!ence ($ t%e 3o$l! +e s$)e (l$o$s. T%e G ee4 C%$ c% !enies t%e ) ocession o( t%e 1oly G%ost ( o, t%e Son, D(ilio?$e,F an! teac%es t%at %e ) ocee!s ( o, t%e Fat%e only. Re($te! in 0o%n 1:H2;A 2IH22A Ro,. =HC. D=C. Att i+$tesE ActsE "it% 3%at !oct ines is t%is essentially connecte!E Doct ine o( t%e G ee4 C%$ c%EF
Ch 0( "ngels
T%ese a e s)i it$al intelli-ences, t%e (i st in an4 an! )oint o( ti,e a,on- c eate! +ein-s . 0o+ #<H<A Ps. =H:A 1e+. 2H:, <A II Pet. 2H11. Peo)le o( all a-es, nations, an! eli-ions %ave +elieve! in t%ei e2istence. In t%e Sc i)t$ es t%ey a e calle! +y va io$s na,es, s$c% as an-els o ,iniste in- s)i its, 1e+. 1H<, 1&A Sons o( Go! o ,o nin- sta s, 0o+ #=H<A Se a)%i,, Isaia% ;H2.;A C%e $+i,, EGe4iel CH22A "atc%e s, Dan. &H1#, 1<A P inci)alities an! )o3e s, Ro,..=H#=A E)%.1H 21A ;H12. T%ey a e e) esente! as inn$,e a+le. 1e+. 12H22A 'att. 2;H:#A Ps. ;=H1<. As +ein- e,)loye! o( Go! in +e%al( o( t%e i-%teo$s on ea t%. Gen. 1CH1:.22A Ps. #&H<A :#H2I.21A Dan. ;H 22A CH21.22A Acts 12H<A 2=H2#A L$4e 1;H22A 1e+. 1H1&A 12H22. To e2ec$te %is >$!-,ents a-ainst t%e 3ic4e!, an! %ence calle! evil an-els. Ps. <=H&CA Isa. #<H#;A Acts 12H2#A Rev 1:H;. T%ey 3e e !ivinely a))ointe! to ) oclai, t%e 'essia%@s a!vent, L$4e 2HC.1&A to 3o s%i) %i,, 1e+. 1H;A to ,iniste $nto %i, in %is t ials, 'att. &H11A 2;H:#A L$4e 22H &#A DCI. "%at is sai! o( an-elsE 1as t%ei e2istence +een -ene ally +elieve!E "%at a e t%ey calle! in t%e sc i)t$ eE "%at o( t%ei n$,+e E E,)loy,entEF to atten! %is ascension an! anno$nce %is secon! a!vent, Acts 1HC. 11A 3%en t%ey 3ill acco,)any an! se ve %i, as %is a-ents at t%e -ene al >$!-,ent, Dan. <HC.1IA 'att. 1#H#C,&1,&CA 1;H2<A 2&H#1A II T%ess. 1H<, etc. So,e an-els a e calle! t%e elect, t%at is, %oly an-els, I Ti,. :H21, as !istin-$is%e! ( o, t%e e) o+ate, t%at is, sinnin-, an-els. II Pet. 2H&A 0$!e ;. T%e c%ie( o ) ince o( an-els is calle! t%e a c%an-el an! is a))lie! to 'ic%ael, 3%ose )osition an! o((ices a e s$c% as to in!icate t%at t%e 'essia% is ,eant. Co,)a e Dan. 1IH1#, 21A Rev. 12H<.1lA I T%ess. &H1;. 1e is t%o$-%t +y so,e to +e t%e sa,e 3it% Ga+ iel. Dan. =H1;A CH21A L$4e 1H1C, 2;. T%ey a e not to +e 3o s%i)e!. 0$!-es 1#H1;A Col. 2H1=A Rev. 1CH1IA 22HC. T%e Sc i)t$ es (avo t%e O)inion o( t%ei e2istence ) io to t%e (o ,ation o( o$ sola syste,. 0o+ #=H&.<. T%e an-els 3e e constit$te! ) o+atione s , an! t%e $le o( t%ei con!$ct 3as ) o+a+ly t%e sa,e in s$+stance as t%at -iven to ,an in %is innocence. Ps.:#H1C.2IA 'att. ;H1IA 0$!e ;. DC1. "%at o( t%e elect an! e) o+ateE A c%an-elE A e t%ey to +e 3o s%i)e!E 1o3 lon- %ave t%ey e2iste!E "%e e t%ey constit$te! ) o+atione sEF
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Ch 0) The Devil and De*ons

In t%e Ne3 Testa,ent t%e 3o ! !evils is ( e?$ently an! e oneo$sly $se! (o !e,ons, t%at is, evil an-els. Ps. <=H&CA 'att. &H2&A L$4e =H2<, etc. 1ence t%e )% ase, T%e !evil an! %is an-els, 'att. 2:H &1A Rev. 12H<,C, t%e (o ,e !enotin- t%e c%ie( o ) ince o( !evils. 'att. 12H2&. T%e -ene al +elie( o( t%e C%$ c% %as al3ays +een t%at t%ese a e a)ostate an-els 3%o 3e e e2)elle! ( o, %eaven, o so,e ) o+ationa y state, (o e+ellion a-ainst Go!. T%e t a!ition o( t%ei (all is in all co$nt ies an! in all eli-ions, an! is clea ly ta$-%t in t%e Sc i)t$ es. 0o+ &H1=A 0o%n =H&&A I 0o%n #H=A II Pet. 2H&A 0$!e ;A Rev. 12H<.12. T%ose 3%o e>ect t%is o)inion a e not $ni(o , in t%ei (ait% on t%is )oint. So,e s$))ose t%at +y t%e !evil is ,eant a )e soni(ie! ) inci)le o( evilA ot%e s, t%e 3ic4e! !is)ositions o( ,enA an! ot%e s, any ene,y. T%ese t% ee e o s con(lict 3it% an! !est oy eac% ot%e , an! t%is ve y 3a (a e is no ,ean DC2. "%at !o t%e Sc i)t$ es say o( !evils an! !e,onsE "%at %as +een t%e +elie( o( t%e C%$ c% es)ectint%e,E "%at o( t%e t a!ition o( t%ei (allE "%at o( t%ose 3%o e>ect t%is o)inionE "%at o( t%ese e o sEF evi!ence in (avo o( t%e sc i)t$ al acco$nt o( a eal, )e sonal !evil. Let $s consi!e H 1. So,e )e sons 3e e te,)te! 3%o %a! no ) o)ensity to evil, na,ely , A!a,, Gen. #H 1#A C% ist, 'att. &H1. 2. So,e %ave )ossesse! ,any !e,ons. L$4e =H2, #I. An! t%ese 3e e t ans(e e! ( o, ,en to +easts. L$4e =H##. #. Acts, att i+$tes. an! )assions a e asc i+e! to t%e !evil an! to !e,ons. I Sa,. 1;H1&, 2#A L$4e =H#1A 22H#A 0a,es 2H1CA I Pet. :H=. As to t%ei na,es, t%ey a e $s$ally calle! !e,onsA t%e %ea! o c%ie( o( 3%o, is !istin-$is%e! +y ot%e titles, s$c% as Satan an! A+a!!on, in t%e 1e+ e3, an! Devil an! A)ollyon, in t%e G ee4. 1e is also calle! t%e an-el o( t%e +otto,less )it. Rev. CH11. Acc$se . Rev. 12H1I. *elial. II Co . ;H1:. A!ve sa y. I Pet. :H=. *east. Rev. 1CH1C. *eelGe+$+. 'att. 12H2& . Deceive . Rev. 12HC. D a-on. Rev. 12H<. Go! o( t%is 3o l!. II Co . &H&. Lia an! ,$ !e e . 0o%n =H&&. P ince o( t%is 3o l!. 0o%n 12H#1. P ince o( t%e )o3e o( t%e ai . E)%. 2H 2. Se )ent. Rev. 12HC. Te,)te . I T%ess. #H:. An! "ic4e! One 'att. 1#H1C, #=. DC#. "%at is t%e testi,ony o( Sc i)t$ eE "%at )a tic$la s o( t%isE T%ei na,esEF So,e o( t%e !evil@s !evices $se! to $in ,en a e note!. Gen. #H1.1#A II Co . 2H11A CH #,1&A 0o+ 1H;, etc.A 'att. 1#H1C.#CA 0o%n =H&&A 1#H2A Acts :H#A II T%ess. 2HCA I Ti,. &H1.#A Rev. 1;H1&. Since all ,an4in! a e te,)te! o( t%e !evil, it is ,a!e t%ei !$ty to 3atc%, an! so esist %is !evices as not to +e ove co,e o( %i,. I Co . 1IH12.1#A II Co . 11H#A E)%. &H2<A ;H11.1=A II Ti,. 2H2;A 0a,es &H<A I Pet. :H=.C. C% ist %i,sel( +ein- ,ani(este! to !est oy t%e 3o 4s o( t%e !evil, I 0o%n #H=, 3as te,)te! in all )oints as 3e a e, an! %as -iven $s an e2a,)le o( s$ccess($lly esistin- %i,, 'att. &H1.11, an! 3ill %el) t%ose to li4e esistance 3%o see4 it o( %i,. I Co . 1IH1#A II Co . 12H<.C, 1e+. 2H1=A &H1:.1;A Rev. 12HC.11. All t%at is sai! o( t%ei n$,+e s e) esents t%e, as ve y - eat. E)%. 2H2. T%ey a e so ,any t%at a le-ion, ;,III, 3e e in )ossession o( one )e son. 'a 4 :HC. 1ence 3e ,ay s$))ose t%at t%ey o$tn$,+e t%e %$,an (a,ily on t%e ea t%. T%is e2)lains t%e a))a ent o,ni) esence o( t%e te,)te . T%ei na,es !enote t%ei nat$ e, an! t%ei e,)loy,ent co es)on!s. Rev. 2IH2A 'att. &H 1A DC&. "%at a e so,e o( t%e !evil@s !evicesE "%at is o$ !$ty es)ectin- t%e,E N$,+e sE "%at !o t%ei na,es !enoteEF 'att. 1#H#=A L$4e =H12 , 22H#1, 0o%n 1#H2<, Acts vH#A II Co . &H &A E)%. 2H2A I Ti,. &H1A I 0o%n #H=A Rev. 12HC. T%ey can !o not%in- 3it%o$t Go!@s )e ,ission. 0$!-es CH2#A I /in-s 22H22A 0o+ 1H12A 'att. 1IH1A II T%ess. 2H11. T%ey 3ill +e est aine! !$ in- t%e ,illenni$,, +$t a(te 3a !, (o a s%o t ti,e, elease!, an! t%en (inally )$nis%e!. Rev. 2IH1.1IA 'att. 2:H&1. T%e ,e!iato ial 3o 4 o( C% ist !oes not incl$!e t%e,. 'att. 2:H&1. T%e sa,e ) inci)les o( inte ) etation 3%ic% eli,inate a )e sonal !evil ( o, t%e *i+le 3o$l! lea! to t%e !enial o( t%e e2istence o( any invisi+le +ein-, not e2ce)tin- t%at o( Go!, an! also to t%e e>ection o( t%e
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,ain t $t%s o( t%e *i+le. E2o!. :H2A 0o+ 21H1&, 1:A Ps. 1&H1A 0$!e &A II Pet. 2H1A #H#.:.
Ch 0+ ,an-,an.ind
T%is -ene ic te , incl$!es t%e 3%ole ace o s)ecies o( %$,an +ein-s, as !escen!e! ( o, A!a, an! Eve. T%at t%e ace %as a co,,on o i-in, an! all t%e va ieties o( ,an %ave DC:. "ill t%ey eve +e est aine!E "%at 3o$l! t%e ) inci)le o( inte ) etation lea! to t%at !enies t%e e2istence o( a !evilEF oneness o( nat$ e is ta$-%t in t%e (ollo3in- te2ts. Gen. 1H2<.2=A 2H<, 1=, 21.2&A #H2IA 'al. 2H1IA Acts 1<H2;A Ro,. :H12A I Co . 1:H22, &:. 'an is a co,)o$n! +ein-, %avin- a ,o tal +o!y an! a s)i it 3%ic% is !evoi! o( all ,ate ial ?$alities, an! is i,,o tal, contin$in- to live a(te se)a ation ( o, t%e +o!y in a state o( conscio$s e2istence. Eccl. #H21A I /in-s 1<H21.22A L$4e =H::A 1;H22.2#A 2#H&#A 'att. 1IH2=A 22H#2A Acts <H:CA II Co . :H=A P%il. 1H2#A Rev. ;HC.11A 1&H1# T%e +o!y is (o ,e! o( t%e !$st o( t%e ea t%, 3it% t%e senses o( (eelin-, tastin-, s,ellin-, %ea in-, an! seein-. T%e s)i it is ational, %avin- $n!e stan!in-, a((ections, an! 3ill. Gen. 22H<A Eccl. 11H<. Pa$l s)ea4s o( a t%i ! ele,ent, t%e so$l. I T%ess. :H2#. *y t%is %e ,eans t%e )syc%e, t%e lo3e o ani,al so$l, containin- t%e )assions an! !esi es 3%ic% 3e %ave in co,,on 3it% t%e + $tes, Eccl. #H1C. 21A +$t t%is in C% istians is enno+le! an! s)i it$aliGe!. T%e s)i it is t%at )a t 3%e e+y 3e a e ece)tive o( t%e 1oly S)i it. In t%e $n+elieve it is c $s%e! !o3n an! s$+o !inate! to t%e ani,al so$l, an! %ence %e is calle! a nat$ al o ,e ely ani,al ,an. I Co . 2H1&A 0$!e 1C. 'an 3as ,a!e $) i-%t, Eccl. <H2CA t%at is, DC;. "%at o( ,anE *o!yE S)i itE So$lEF in a ,o al sense, +y nat$ e con(o ,e! to Go!, o ,o al ectit$!eA calle! t%e i,a-e o( Go!, Gen. 1H2<A as e2)laine! E)%. &H2&. 5et a ( ee es)onsi+le a-ent an! ) o+atione , )lace! $n!e Divine la3, +y + ea4in- 3%ic%, %e inc$ e! its !eat% )enalty, +ot% te,)o al an! s)i it$al. Gen. 2H1;, 1<A Ro,. :H12A ;H2#A 1e+. 2H1&. T%e (i st sin o( t%e (i st ,an c%an-e! %is 3%ole ,o al nat$ e, ( o, a %oly to a sin($l stateA 3%ic% c%an-e! con!ition, +ein- %e e!ita y, %as ente e! into all %is !escen!ants. Ro,. :H12A I Co . 1:H22A E)%. 2H#, :A 0o+ 1:H1&A Ps. 1&H2, #A :1H:A :=H#. 5et eve y one is es)onsi+le (o %is o3n sin. De$t. 2&H1;A II /in-s 1&H;A P ov. 11H1CA EGe4. 1=H&, 2IA 0e . #1H#IA Ro,. 1H2I.21A 0o%n #H1C.2I. Note on FREE AGENC5 T%o$-% ,an is (allen an! sa!ly !e) ave!, so t%at t%e e is in %is nat$ e a st on- ten!ency to3a ! sin, yet !oes %e etain t%e Go!.li4e att i+$te o( ( ee!o,. In eve y volition o( a ,o al nat$ e %e is ( ee to 3ill t%e o))osite. No DC<. In 3%at i,a-e 3as ,an ,a!eE "as %e a ( ee a-entE "%at la3 !i! %e + ea4E "%at )enalty inc$ e!E "%at te2tE Di! t%is sin c%an-e %is ,o al nat$ eE Di! %is c%an-e! con!ition +eco,e %e e!ita yE "%at te2ts ) ove itE Is eve y one es)onsi+le (o %is o3n sinEF !ec ee o( Go!, no c%ain o( ca$sation +e%in! %is 3ill, no co,+ination o( ele,ents in %is constit$tion, co,)els %is ,o al acts. T%e - acio$s ai! o( t%e 1oly S)i it is only s$asive, not necessitatin-. Acts <H:1A E)%. &H#IA I T%ess. :H1C. T%e ( ee 3ill is a sel(.!ete ,inin-, o i-inal ca$se, itsel( $nca$se! in its volitions. It is a ne3 an! es)onsi+le (o$ntain o( ca$sation in t%e $nive se. P oo(sH 1. Conscio$snessH KI 4no3 I a, ( ee, an! t%at@s t%e en! o( it.KD . Sa,$el 0o%nson. 2. S$c% ( ee!o, is involve! in t%e (eelin- o( ,o al o+li-ation, an! in t%e sense o( -$ilt (o o$ ,is!ee!s. KI( ,an +e )$nis%e! in t%e ($t$ e state, Go! ,$st +e t%e )$nis%e!. I( Go! +e t%e )$nis%e!, t%e )$nis%,ent ,$st +e >$st. I( t%e )$nis%,ent +e >$st, t%e )$nis%e! ,i-%t %ave !one ot%e 3ise. I( t%e )$nis%e! ,i-%t %ave !one ot%e 3ise t%ey 3e e ( ee a-ents. T%e e(o e, i( ,en a e to +e )$nis%e! in t%e ($t$ e 3o l!, t%ey ,$st +e ( ee in t%is.K #. T%e Sc i)t$ es eve y.3%e e ass$,e t%at ,en a e ( ee to o+ey Go!@s la3 an! to co,)ly 3it% t%e
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con!itions o( salvation. P ov. 1H2#.#1A 'att. 2#H#<A 0o%n <H1<. &. I( ,en@s ,o al acts a e t%e e((ects o( ca$ses a an-e! +y Go!, t%en Go! is eit%e t%e a$t%o o( sin, o , 1is o3n acts +ein- t%e e((ects o( so,e necessitatin- ca$se, s$c% as t%e st on-est ,otive, o t%e constit$tion o( 1is nat$ e, t%e $nive se is $n!e t%e i on la3 o( Fate, an! sin is an ill$sion an! an i,)ossi+ility.
Ch 0/ Rede*0tion-"tone*ent
*y e!e,)tion is ,eant t%e ecove y o( ,an4in! ( o, sin an! !eat% +y t%e o+e!ience an! sac i(ice o( 0es$s C% ist, 3%o, on t%is acco$nt, is calle! t%e Re!ee,e . Isa. :CH2IA ;IH1;A Ro,. #H2&. 2;A Gal. #H1#A E)%. 1H<A I Pet 1H1=.1C. T%e -$ilt o( o i-inal sin is cove e! +y t%e atone,ent, an! is not i,)$te! to any o( t%e o((s) in- o( A!a, $ntil its e,e!y is 3ill($lly e>ecte!. 1ence all 3%o !ie in in(ancy a e save! t% o$-% C% ist, t%e secon! A!a,, ( o, all t%e )enal conse?$ence o( t%e sin o( t%e (i st A!a,. Ro,. :H1=.1CA I Co . 1:H22. T%e atone,ent a este! t%e e2tinction o( t%e %$,an ace, an! its ) o)a-ation a(te t%e (all is $n!e t%e ) ovisions o( - ace. Gen. #H1:A 1e+. 2H1&. DC=. "%at is e!e,)tionE 1o3 a e in(ants save!EF T%e ,ovin- ca$se o( e!e,)tion is t%e love o( Go!. 0o%n #H1;A I 0o%n &HC. T%e ) oc$ inca$se, t%e s$+stit$tional !eat% o( C% ist. 'att. 2IH2=A II Co . :H21A I Ti,. 2H:.;A 1e+. 2HC.1IA CH12.1:A I Pet. 1H1=.1C. T%e en!s o( e!e,)tion a e t%e !elive y o( ,an ( o, t%e c$ se o( t%e la3, sin, !eat%, an! %ell, an! t%e +esto3,ent o( eve lastin- +lesse!ness. 0o+ 1CH2:, etc.A Ps. 1;H C.1lA 0o%n #H1:, #;A 1IH1IA 1<H2. #. *y t%e atone,ent is ,eant t%e satis(action o((e e! to !ivine >$stice +y 0es$s C% ist, 3%o $n!e 3ent, +y %is s$((e in- an! !eat%, t%e )enalty !$e to o$ sins. Isa. :#H&.=A Gal. #H1#A &H&.:. T%e 1e+ e3 3o ! si-ni(ies cove in-, an! inti,ates t%at o$ o((enses a e, +y a ) o)e atone,ent, cove e! ( o, t%e aven-in- >$stice o( Go!. Ps. #2H1.2A Ro,. &H<.=. T%e )assa-es t%at (ollo3 )lainly an! !istinctly set (o t% t%is !oct ine. 'att. 2IH2=A 0o%n 1H2CA Ro,. #H2:.2;A I Co . 1:H#A II Co . :H1=.21A I Ti,. 2H:.;A 1e+. 2H1I.1&A I 0o%n 2H2A &H1I. T%e atone,ent 3as necessa y, t%at Go! DCC. "%at is its ,ovin- ca$seE T%e ) oc$ inca$seE T%e en!sE "%at is t%e atone,entE "%at is t%e si-ni(icance o( t%e 1e+ e3 3o !E "%at te2ts o( Sc i)t$ e ) ove t%is !oct ineEF ,i-%t s%o3 %is %at e! to sin, an! love to %oliness, an! t%at %e ,i-%t +e %ono a+le an! >$st, an! still +e ,e ci($l. Ro,. #H2:.2;. It 3as !esi-ne! to +e satis(acto y to Go! an! in(l$ential 3it% ,an, e,ovin- all o+stacles in e-a ! to +ot% in t%e 3ay o( a co,)lete econciliation o( t%e )enitent +elieve . 0o%n 1&H;A E)%. 2H1:.1;A Col. 2H1#.1:. I( t%e atone,ent %a! not +een necessa y, neit%e t%e Fat%e no t%e Son 3o$l! %ave consente! to t%e !eat% o( t%e latte to e((ect it. 'att. 2;H#CA 1e+. 2H1IA CH22, 2=A Rev. :HCA <H1&. Re)entance, t%o$-% atten!e! 3it% ) esent an! ($t$ e o+e!ience, cannot atone (o )ast sin, any ,o e t%an )ast o+e!ience can atone (o ) esent an! ($t$ e sins. 0o+ 22H#A Ps. 2:H<A L$4e 1<H1I. T%e atone,ent is $nive sal an! not )a tic$la A t%at is, it e2ten!s in its con!itional e((iciency to all t%e sins o( all ,an4in!, an! not t%e sins o( a (e3 calle! t%e elect. T%is a))ea s ( o, t%e c%a acte o( C% istA a )e son o( in(inite !i-nity. 1ence %is s$((e in- an! !eat% a e o( in(inite val$e an! e((icacy. D1II. "%y is t%e atone,ent necessa yE 1o3 soes t%is a))ea E "%at e((ect %as e)entance on o$ sinsE P esent an! ($t$ e o+e!ienceE Is t%e atone,ent -ene alE "%at is ,eant +y t%isEF To concl$!e ot%e 3ise 3o$l! +e !e o-ato y to t%e -lo io$s c%a acte o( t%e !ivine Re!ee,e . T%is is ($ t%e evi!ent ( o, t%e co,,an!s, invitations, an! e2%o tations o( Sc i)t$ e. Go! is since e, an! co$l! not tantaliGe %is c eat$ es. 'a 4 1;H1:.1;A Acts 1<H#IA Isa. &:H22A ::H 1A Rev. 1<H1<A Acts 2H21A I Ti,. 2H1.
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T%e Sc i)t$ es teac% t%is !oct ine +y e2) ess !ecla ations. I 0o%n 2H2A 1e+. 2HCA I Ti,. 2H ;A II Co . :H1&.1:A 0o%n 1H2C. A,onall t%e va iety o( +ein-s in t%e $nive se, C% ist only is ?$ali(ie! to ,a4e atone,ent, %e +ein- +ot% !ivine an! %$,an. 0o%n 1H1=A I Ti,. 2H:.;A #H1;A 1e+. 2HC.1=. T%e e is a !i((e ence +et3een atone,ent an! e!e,)tion. Atone,ent is (o sinA e!e,)tion is ( o, sin an! s$((e in-. "e ,ay !istin-$is% +et3een atone,ent an! t%e a))lication o( atone,ent, +$t not +et3een e!e,)tion an! t%e a))lication o( e!e,)tion. "e ,ay ) ay (o e!e,)tion, +$t not (o atone,ent. It is ve y i,)o tant t%at t%is !istinction +e o+se ve!H not to !o it lays t%e (o$n!ation (o D1I1. 1o3 !oes t%is a))ea E "%at ($ t%e evi!enceE "%at !o t%e Sc i)t$ es teac%E Is C% ist alone ?$ali(ie! to ,a4e atone,entE 1o3E Is t%e e any !i((e ence +et3een e!e,)tion an! atone,entE "%at is itE "%at else es)ectin- t%is !i((e enceEF - eat e o s. 'a4e t%is !istinction, an! none 3o$l! eve in(e t%e !oct ine o( $nive sal salvation ( o, t%e $nive sal e2tent o( t%e atone,ent. T%e e is a 3i!e !i((e ence +et3een an ente tain,ent +ein- ,a!e, an! t%e )a ta4in- o( t%is ente tain,ent. So t%e e is a 3i!e !i((e ence +et3een t%e s$((iciency o( t%e atone,ent an! its e((iciency. It is s$((icient (o t%e 3%ole 3o l!, +$t it is e((icient to t%e salvation o( t%ose only 3%o e)ent an! +elieve. L$4e 1#H#A 'a 4 1;H1;A 0o%n 1H11.12A #H1&.1=A :H#=, &IA Ro,. #H22.2;A I Ti,. 2H &. ;A &H1I. T%e atone,ent is a ($n!a,ental !oct ine o( t%e Gos)el. C% ist c $ci(ie! is t%e t%e,e an! -lo y o( t%e Gos)el. Ro,. 1H1:.1;A I Co . 1H2#.2&A 2H2A Gal. ;H1&. T%e !oct ine o( atone,ent is !e ive! 3%olly ( o, t%e sac e! Sc i)t$ es. It is t%is 3%ic% !istin-$is%es C% istianity ( o, Deis,, 'o%a,,e!anis,, Pa-anis,, an! all ot%e eli-ions. E o s es)ectin- t%e atone,entH 1. T%at t%e Fat%e @s 3 at% a-ainst sinne s is a))ease! +y t%e s$((e in-s o( C% ist, D1I2. Is it i,)o tant t%at t%is !istinction +e o+se ve!E "%at ill$st ationE Is t%is !oct ine ($n!a,entalE Is it sc i)t$ alE "%at !istin-$is%es C% istianity ( o, Desi, etc.EF 3%o s%e! %is +loo! to satis(y t%e Fat%e @s )e sonal clai,. Re($tationH T%e atone,ent o i-inate! 3it% t%e Fat%e . 0o%n #H1;A Ro,. :H=A Tit$s 2H11. 2. T%at t%e e is in t%e atone,ent no satis(action, +$t only an e2%i+ition o( t%e Fat%e @s ,e cy as a st on- ,o al s$asive to ! a3 t%e sinne ( o, %is sins, co$c%e! in t%e (i-$ ative lan-$a-e o( t%e sac i(icial syste, o( t%e 1e+ e3s. Re($te! in 0o%n 1H2CA Acts 2IH2=A E)%. 1H<A Col. 1H1&A 1e+. CH12, 1&A I 0o%n 1H<H 2H2A Rev. 1H:A :HC. KT%e !oct ine o( t%e E)istle to t%e 1e+ e3s, t%en, )lainly is, t%at t%e le-al sac i(ices 3e e all$sions to t%e - eat an! (inal atone,ent to +e ,a!e +y t%e +loo! o( C% ist, an! not t%at t%is 3as an all$sion to t%ose.K *is%o) *$tle . #. T%at t%e s$((e in-s o( C% ist a e e2actly e?$al to t%e ete nal ,ise y o( all t%e sinne s o( t%e %$,an (a,ily, an!, t%e e(o e, t%at it is $n>$st to )$nis% +ot% t%e sinne an! %is s$+stit$te. Re($tationH T%e e is no al-e+ aic e?$ation +et3een C% ist@s s$((e in-s an! t%e 3o l!@s sins. D1I#. "%at t% ee e o sE 1o3 e($te!EF T%e atone,ent 3as t%e esta+lis%,ent o( a ne3 ) inci)le $n!e t%e ei-n o( la3, t%e !e,onst ation o( t%e (act t%at Go! co$l! K+e >$st an! t%e >$sti(ie o( %i, 3%ic% +elievet%.K Ro,. #H2;. T%e sa,e s$((e in- 3o$l! +e e?$i e! to e!ee, one sinne as to e!ee, a t%o$san! ,illion. *ENEFITS OF T1E ATONE'ENT. 'an %avin- (o (eite! -oo! o( eve y 4in!, even li(e itsel(, +y %is t ans- ession, all t%at e,ains to %i,, ,o e t%an evil in t%e nat$ al an! ) ovi!ential 3o l!, as 3ell as all s)i it$al +lessin-s, a e to +e consi!e e! as t%e ( $it o( t%e !eat% an! inte cession o( C% ist, an! o$-%t to +e ac4no3le!-e! as s$c%. Ro,. :H;, 1IA =H#2A II Co . CH1:. T%e ,ost i,)o tant o( t%ese, %o3eve , a e t%ose 3%ic% elate to, o 3%ic% constit$te, 3%at, in Sc i)t$ e, is calle! o$ salvation. *y 3%ic% te , is ,eant ,an@s !elive ance ( o, t%e )enalty, !o,inion, an! )oll$tion o( %is sins, %is int o!$ction into t%e !ivine (avo in t%is li(e, an! %is ete nal (elicity in anot%e . 'att. 1H21A L$4e 1H;=.<&, <<A 2H11, #IA 0o%n &H&2A Acts &H12A :H #1A 1#H2#, 2;, &<A I Ti,. 1H1:.1;A Tit. 2H11.1&A #H&.<A 1e+. :HCA CH2=A I Pet. 1H&, 1IA Rev. 12H1I, 11A 21H2&.
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Ch 10 %#stification
In a t%eolo-ical sense, is eit%e le-al o evan-elical. It is i,)o tant t%at t%is !istinction +e o+se ve!. Le-al >$sti(ication is >$sti(ication acco !in- to t%e st ict !e,an!s o( t%e la3. 1oly an-els a e >$sti(ie! in t%is 3ay, as ,an4in! ,i-%t no3 +e %a! t%ey neve sinne!. Eve y atte,)t in sinne s at >$sti(ication +y la3 is vain. Ps. 1I#H#.&A 1&#H2A Ro,. #H2I, 2=. Neve t%eless, t%e +elieve , 3%o %as al ea!y +een (o -iven, o >$sti(ie!, t% o$-% (ait% in C% ist, is sai! to +e >$sti(ie! +y 3o 4s 3%en Go! a)) oves o( %is 3o 4s as evincin- t%e -en$ineness o( %is (ait%. 0a,es 2H1&.2;. T%at >$sti(ication a+o$t 3%ic% t%e Sc i)t$ es ) inci)ally t eat, an! 3%ic% eac%es t%e case o( t%e sinne , is calle! evan-elical >$sti(ication o )a !onA +y 3%ic% is ,eant t%e acce)tance o( one, +y Go!, 3%o is, an! 3%o con(esses %i,sel( to +e -$ilty, an! 3%o e)ents an! +elieves in 0es$s C% ist. 'a 4 1H1&.1:A 1;H1;A Ro,. 1H1;.1<A &H#.<A :H1A Gal. 2H1;.1<. D1I&. "%at is >$sti(icationE Is t%e e any !istinction o( i,)o tanceE "%at is le-al >$sti(icationE "%o a e >$sti(ie! in t%is 3ayE Can sinne s +e >$sti(ie! +y t%e la3E "%en a e t%ey sai! to +e >$sti(ie! +y (ait%E "%at is sai! o( evan-elical >$sti(icationEF As to t%e ,et%o! o( >$sti(ication, t% ee t%in-s a e to +e consi!e e!H t%e o i-inatin-, t%e ,e ito io$s, an! t%e inst $,ental ca$ses. T%e o i-inatin- ca$se is t%e - ace o( Go!, 3%ic% !is)ose! %i, 3%en 3e 3e e e2)ose! to !eat%, as t%e )enalty o( o$ o((ense, to ) ovi!e a s$+stit$te in %is Son. Ro,. #H2&.2;A II Co . :H1=.21A Gal. 2H1;.2IA E)%. 2H&.=, 1:.1;A :H2A Tit. #H&.<. T%is s$+stit$te is t%e ,e ito io$s ca$se o( o$ >$sti(ication. "%at 0es$s C% ist !i! in o+e!ience to t%e ) ece)ts o( t%e la3, an! 3%at %e s$((e e! in satis(action o( its )enalty, constit$te t%e - o$n! o( o$ (o -iveness o >$sti(ication +e(o e Go!. Acts 1#H#=.#CA Ro,. #H21, 22. As to t%e inst $,ental ca$se o( o$ >$sti(ication, t%e ,e it o( C% ist !oes not o)e ate so as to ) o!$ce )a !on as a necessa y an! $navoi!a+le e((ect, +$t t% o$-% t%e inst $,entality o( (ait%.
Ch 11 1aving Faith
T%e (ait% +y 3%ic% 3e a e >$sti(ie! is ) esent (ait%A (ait% act$ally e2istin- an! e2e cise!. 0o%n 1H12A #H1=, #;. D1I:. "%at is t%e ,et%o! o( >$sti(icationE "%at t% ee t%in-s a e to +e consi!e e!E "%at is t%e o i-ination ca$seE 'e ito io$sE Inst $,entalE "%at is t%e (ait% +y 3%ic% 3e a e >$sti(ie!EF "e a e not >$sti(ie! +y to.,o o3@s (ait% (o eseen, (o t%at 3o$l! i,)ly >$sti(ication ( o, ete nity. Neit%e a e 3e >$sti(ie! +y yeste !ay@s (ait% eco !e! an! e,e,+e e!, (o t%at 3o$l! i,)ly >$sti(ication t%at is i eve si+le. EGe4. 1=H2&A ##H12.1# T%e acts o( t%is (ait% a e t% ee. T%ey a e !istinct, yet conc$ ent e2e cises o( t%e ,in!. 1. T%e assent o( t%e $n!e stan!in- to t%e t $t% o( Go! in t%e Gos)el, es)ecially t%at )a t o( it 3%ic% elates to t%e !eat% o( C% ist as a sac i(ice (o sin. 2. T%e consent o( t%e 3ill an! o( t%e a((ections to t%is )lan o( salvationA s$c% an a)) o+ation an! c%oice o( it as i,)lies a en$nciation o( eve y ot%e e($-e. #. F o, t%is assent o( t%e enli-%tene! $n!e stan!in-, an! consent o( t%e ecti(ie! 3ill, es$lt act$al t $st in t%e Savio , an! )e sonal a)) o) iation o( %is ,e its. T%is ,$st necessa ily +e ) ece!e! +y t $e e)entance. 'a 4 1H1:A L$4e 2&H&<A Acts 2H#=A #H1CA 2IH2I.21. E o s es)ectin- savin- (ait%H 1. T%at it is not t%e act o( a - acio$sly ai!e! D1I;. Is it t%e (ait% o( to.,o o3E O( yeste !ayE "%at is t%e (i st act o( t%is (ait%E Secon!E T%i !E "%at e o s es)ectin- savin- (ait%EF )enitent, +$t t%e -i(t
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o( Go!, sove ei-nly +esto3e!, 3%en an! to 3%o, %e 3ills. Re($te! in 'a 4 1;H1;A II T%ess, 2H12A 1e+. #H1=. In I Co . 12HC (ait% is not a - ace, +$t a ,i ac$lo$s en!o3,ent. In E)%. 2H=, t%e -i(t is not (ait% +$t salvation +y - ace. 2. T%at t%e $n e-ene ate a e inca)a+le o( t%e act o( savin- (ait%, an! t%at it !oes not ) ece!e e-ene ation as a con!ition, +$t (ollo3s it as a es$lt. Re($te! in 0o%n #H1=, #;A Acts 1IH &#A Ro,. 1H1;A #H2;A E)%. 1H1#. REPENTANCE. T%is, acco !in- to t%e o i-inal 3o ! in Sc i)t$ e, ,eans c%an-e o( ,in!A an ea nest 3is%in- t%at so,et%in- 3e e $n!one t%at 3e %ave !one. "%en e)entance %as es)ect only to t%e conse?$ences o( sin, as 3%en a ,ale(acto , 3%o still loves %is sin, e)ents, +eca$se it e2)oses %i, to )$nis%,ent, it is so,eti,es calle! 3o l!ly o le-al e)entance, as !istin-$is%e! ( o, -o!ly o evan-elical e)entance. II Co . <HC.1l. Evan-elical e)entance is calle! a K e)entance to3a ! Go!,K +eca$se it consists in t$ nin- ( o, sin to %olinessA i,)lyin- a sense an! %at e! o( sin, an! a love o( %oliness. D1I<. "%at is e)entanceE "o l!ly, o le-al e)entanceE "%at is sai! o( evan-elical e)entanceEF T%e evi!ences o( t $e savin- e)entance incl$!e a conscio$sness an! con(ession o( sinA as 3ell as !ee) so o3 (o an! %ea ty en$nciation o( sin. Lev. 2;H&IA N$,. :H<A II C% on. <H1&A II /in-s 22H1CA EG a CH:.<A Ps. #2H:A #&H1=A #=H&,1=A :1H#.&, 1<A P ov. 2=H1#A Isa. ::H<A :<H1:A ;;H 2A 0e . #H12.1#, 22A <H#A EGe4. 2IH&#A #;H#1A Dan. CH:.=A 0oel 2H12.1#A Jec%. 1H#A 'att. #H2, =A &H 1<A 2;H<:A 'a 4 1H1:A L$4e 1#H#A 1:H1=, 21A 1=H1#A Acts 2H#=A #H1CA =H22A 1<H#IA 2IH21A 2;H2IA II Co . <HC.11A I 0o%n 1HCA Rev. 2H:.
Ch 12 Regeneration
T%is is t%at 3o 4 o( t%e 1oly S)i it +y 3%ic% 3e e2)e ience a c%an-e o( %ea tA t%e ecove y $)on t%e %ea t o( t%e ,o al i,a-e o( Go!. E)%. iv, 2#, 2&. T%is 3o 4, in Sc i)t$ e, is va io$sly. e2) esse!. De$t. #IH;A Ps. :1H1IA 0e . 2&H<A #1H##A EGe4. 11H1CA #;H2:.2;A 0o%n 1H12, 1#A #H:.=A Acts #H1CA Ro,. 12H2A 1#H1&A II Co . :H1<A #H1=A Col. 1H12.1:A #H1IA I Pet. 1H22.2#A II Pet. 1H&. T%at t%e e can +e no salvation in!e)en!ent o( e-ene ation 3ill a))ea , 3%en 3e consi!e , D1I;. Give t%e evi!ences o( savin- e)entance in t%ei o !e E "%at is e-ene ationE 1o3 is it e2) esse! in Sc i)t$ eEF 1. All ,en a e sinne s +y nat$ e an! +y ) actice, an! t%ey cannot esto e t%e,selves to innocence. Ps. :1H:.1IA 0e . 1#H2#A Ro,. #H1CA =H<.=A 11H#2A II Co . :H1<A Gal. #H1I.22A :H1C.2&A E)%. 2H1. :A &H22.2&A I Pet. 1H2#A I 0o%n &H<A :H&. 2. Go! is %oly, an! cannot loo4 $)on $n%oly +ein-s 3it% a)) o+ation o !eli-%t. 1a+. 1H 1#A I Pet. 1H1:.1;. #. 1eaven is a %oly )lace, an! none +$t %oly +ein-s a e ca)acitate! (o eit%e its e,)loy,ents o en>oy,ents. Ps. 2&H#.&A 1e+. 12H1&. &. T%e Sc i)t$ es !ecla e t%at none +$t t%e e-ene ate can )ossi+ly +e save!. 'att. 1=H #A 0o%n #H#, < , Ro, . =H<.= , Gal. ;H1:A 1e+. 12H1&. E o s es)ectin- e-ene ationH 1. T%at it is i!entical 3it% 3ate +a)tis, +y an a)ostolically o !aine! ,inist y. Re($te! in Acts 1#H#=.#CA 1;H#1A Ro,. :H1A 1IHCA E)%. 2H=A I 0o%n :H1I. 2. T%at it is a c%an-e o( t%e cont ollin- )$ )ose ,a!e +y t%e %$,an 3ill. Re($tationH Gen. :H#A ;H:A 0o+ 1&H&A Ps :1H:A Isa. 1H:.;A 0e . 1#H2#A 0o%n #H:, =. D1I<. Can 3e +e save! 3it%o$t t%isE P ove it. "%at e o s es)ectin- itEF
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Ch 13 "do0tion
T%is is an act +y 3%ic% one ta4es anot%e into %is (a,ily, o3ns %i, (o %is son, an! a))oints %i, %is %ei . In a t%eolo-ical sense, it is t%at act o( Go!@s ( ee - ace +y 3%ic%, $)on o$ +ein- >$sti(ie! an! ene3e! t% o$-% (ait% in C% ist, 3e a e eceive! into t%e (a,ily o( Go!, calle! %is c%il! en, an! ,a!e %ei s to t%e %eavenly in%e itance. E)%. 1H#.1&A I Pet. 1H2.:. WITNESS OF THE SPIRIT. It is t%e ) ivile-e an! i-%t o( eve y s$c% a!o)te! c%il! to %ave a ce tain 4no3le!-e o( t%is %is ne3 elation to Go!, as t%e only (o$n!ation o( t $t%, )eace, co,(o t, an! %o)e. Isa. 2&H #A #2H1<.1=A Ps. 11CH1;:A Ro,. :H1.:A =H1A P%il. &H<A E)%. 1H#.1&A I T%ess. 1H&.:A I Pet. 1H2.CA I 0o%n 2H2I, 2<. T%is +lessin- consists in t%e testi,ony o( t%e 1oly S)i it to t%e s)i it o( +elieve s o( t%ei sons%i) an! acce)tance 3it% Go!. I 0o%n :H1I. It is calle! t%e S)i it o( a!o)tion, Ro,. =H1:.1;A Gal. &H;A t%e ea nest an! sealin- o( D1I=. "%at is a!o)tionE In a t%eolo-ical senseE "%at is t%e 3itness o( t%e S)i itE In 3%at !oes it consistE "%at is it calle!EF t%e S)i it, II Co . 1H22A :H:A E)%. 1H1#.1&A &H#IA an! ($ll ass$ ance, Col. 2H2A I T%ess. 1H:A 1e+. &H11A 1IH22. T%is in3a ! testi,ony is so,eti,es calle! t%e !i ect 3itness o( t%e S)i it, as !istin-$is%e! ( o, t%e in!i ect, o o$t3a ! testi,ony, calle! t%e ( $it o( t%e S)i it. Gal. :H22.2#A E)%. :HC. T%e t3o 4in!s o( 3itness ,$st -o to-et%e . T%e (i st as a sa(e-$a ! a-ainst !ist essin- !o$+t, an! t%e secon! to 4ee) ( o, !el$sion an! ) es$,)tion. Isa. 2;H#A Ro,. =H1&. T%is ea nest an! sealin- o( t%e S)i it i,)lies a+sol$te ass$ ance o( ) esent salvationH (o t%o$-% t%is e((icacy o( t%e S)i it is, in itsel(, s$((icient to ins$ e ete nal salvation, yet eve y +elieve is le(t ( ee to etain o to so - ieve t%is sealin- S)i it, as to ca$se %is 3it%! a3al (inally an! (o eve . Isa. ;#H1IA E)%. &H#IA 1e+. #H<.1CA ;H&.;A 1IH2;.2CA II Pet. 2H2I.
Ch 1$ Conversion
T%is te ,, in its st ict sense, !esc i+es t%e %$,an )a t o( t%at c%an-e calle! e-ene ation, +y 3%ic% t%e sinne is + o$-%t into t%e 4in-!o, o( %eaven. 'att. 1=H#. In a + oa!e D1IC. "%at a e ,eant +y t%e !i ect an! t%e in!i ect 3itnessE Does t%is ins$ e (inal salvationE "%at is conve sionE Its %$,an )a tEF sense, conve sion is t%at c%an-e in t%e t%o$-%ts, !esi es, !is)ositions, an! li(e o( t%e sinne 3%ic% is + o$-%t a+o$t 3%en %e is ene3e! +y t%e 1oly G%ost, as a es$lt o( %is t$ nin- ( o, sin to Go!, t% o$-% (ait% in 0es$s C% ist. EGe4. 1=H21.2#, #I.#2A Acts CH#:A 11H21A 1:H#, 1CA 2;H2IA I T%ess. 1HC. T%is 3o 4 is also !esc i+e! as +ein- + o$-%t a+o$t +y t%e a-ency o( ot%e s. Ps :1H1I.1#A L$4e 1H1;A 0a,es :H2I.
Ch 1& 'oliness-1anctification
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T%is state is va io$sly e2) esse! in t%e Sc i)t$ es, so t%at 3e nee! not +e tenacio$s o( any )a tic$la )% ase +y 3%ic% to !esi-nate it. It is calle! %oliness, sancti(ication, )$ ity, )e (ection, ($llness o( Go!, an! o( C% ist, an! o( t%e 1oly G%ost, an! ($ll ass$ ance o( (ait%. "%at is ,eant +y t%ese e2) essions is, t%at )a tici)ation o( t%e Divine nat$ e 3%ic% e2cl$!es all o i-inal !e) avity o in+ e! sin ( o, t%e %ea t, an! (ills it 3it% )e (ect love to Go! an! ,an.)e (ect love, t%e $nction o( t%e 1oly One, an! t%e +a)tis, o( t%e 1oly G%ost. 1oliness +e-ins 3%en t%e ) inci)le o( )$ ity, D11I. Is it eve ca$se! +y t%e a-ency o( ot%e sE 1o3 is t%e !oct ine o( sancti(ication e2) esse! in t%e *i+leE "%at !o t%ese e2) essions "%at is sai! o( %olinessEF na,ely, love to Go!, is s%e! a+ oa! in t%e %ea t in t%e ne3 +i t%. *$t enti e sancti(ication is t%at act o( t%e 1oly G%ost 3%e e+y t%e >$sti(ie! so$l is ,a!e %oly. T%is instantaneo$s 3o 4 o( t%e Sancti(ie is $s$ally ) ece!e! an! (ollo3e! +y a - a!$al - o3t% in - ace. T%e S)i it ce ti(ies t%is )$ i(ication. I Co . 2H12. It is t%e inco,in- o( t%e a+i!in- Co,(o te into t%e conscio$sness o( t%e +elieve + in-in- %is o3n li-%t. 0o%n 1&H1;.1< "e !o not nee! a lante n to see t%e s$n ise. Its c%ie( in(e ential evi!ences a e oneness 3it% C% ist, easy victo y ove sin, e>oicin- neve ,o e, ) ayin3it%o$t ceasin-, an! in eve y t%in- -ivin- t%an4s. P o(ession 3it%o$t e2a,ination an! ass$ ance o( t%ese evi!ences is not eco,,en!e!. I T%ess. :H21A I 0o%n &H1. A(te t%is it is e?$i e!. 'att. :H1;A Ro,. 1IH1IA II Co . 1H&. P$ ity is to +e !istin-$is%e! ( o, ,at$ ity. "%en in+ e! sin is !est oye! t%e e can +e no inc ease o( )$ ity, +$t t%e e ,ay +e an ete nal inc ease in love an! in all t%e ( $its o( t%e S)i it. Sancti(ication is not t%e sa,e 3it% >$sti(ication. 0$sti(ication is a c%an-e o( o$ state ( o, -$ilt to )a !onA sancti(ication is a c%an-e o( nat$ e ( o, sin to %oliness. It D111. "%at is sai! o( ) o(essionE "%at o( )$ ityE Is sancti(ication t%e sa,e 3it% >$sti(icationEF s$stains to e-ene ation t%e elation o( a 3%ole to a )a t. T%is !oct ine is +y no ,eans involve! in o+sc$ ity, t%o$-% it %as +een t%e s$+>ect o( ,$c% cont ove sy an! s4e)ticis, in t%e C% istian C%$ c%. T%e attaina+leness o( t%is state, %o3eve , is not so ,$c% t%e ,atte o( !e+ate a,on- C% istians as t%e ti,e 3%en 3e a e a$t%o iGe! to see4 an! e2)ect it. "%ile so,e %ol! to t%e !oct ine o( )$ -ato y, t%at is, it is necessa y (o t%e so$ls o( all 3%o !o not ,e it ete nal )$nis%,ent, in o !e to )$ i(ication, to -o into a s$))ose! )lace o state a(te !eat%A ot%e s conten! t%at t%is state o( )$ ity is attaina+le an! e?$i e! in t%is ) esent li(e. L$4e 1H<&.<:A Tit$s 2H12A I 0o%n &H1<. 1. T%e !oct ine o( i,,e!iate enti e sancti(ication is s$))o te! +y t%ose Sc i)t$ e te2ts 3%ic% e2) ess t%e 3ill o( Go!. 0o%n <H1<A Ro,. 12H1.2A E)%. :H1<.1=A Col. &H12A I T%ess. &H#A 1e+. 1IHC.1I. 2. T%ose 3%ic% e2) ess %is co,,an!. D112. "%at elation !oes sancti(ication s$stain to e-ene ationE "%at is t%e )oint o( !e+ate a,on- C% istiansE Is )$ ity attaina+le +e(o e !eat%E "%at is sai! o( )$ -ato yE Give t%e seve al classes o( evi!ence (o t%e !oct ine o( enti e sancti(ication in t%ei o !e .F Gen. 1<H1A E2o!. 1CH;A Lev. 11H&&A 1CH2A 2IH<, 2;A De$t. <H:A 1=H1#A I /in-s =H;1A 'att. :H&=A 22H#<A 0o%n :H1&A Ro,. 12H1.2A II Co . <H1A 1#H11A E)%. :H1<, 1=A 1e+. ;H1A 0a,es 1H&A I Pet. 1H1:.1;. #. T%ose 3%ic% e2) ess %is ) o,ise. Ps. 11CH1.#A Isa. 1H1=A 0e . ##H=A 1e+. <H2:A 1IH1;.22A I 0o%n 1H<, C. &. T%ose in 3%ic% t%e +lessin- is so$-%t +y ) aye . Ps. :1H2, <, CA 1os. 1&H2A 'att. :H1IA 0o%n 1<H1<A I T%ess. :H2#. :. T%ose 3%ic% eco ! e2a,)lesA t%o$-% i( t%e e 3e e no e2a,)les it 3o$l! not ) ove t%e !oct ine (alse, since it is clea ly eveale! an! !ivinely en>oine!. Gen. ;HCA II /in-s 2IH#A 2#H2:A 0o+ 1H1A Ps. #<H#<A L$4e 1H;A I Co . 2H;A P%il. #H1:A I T%ess. 2H1IA 1e+. 12H2#. ;. T%ose 3%ic% i,)ly t%e !oct ine. P ov. 11H:A E)%. #H1;.1CA &H12.1;, 22.2&A :H2;, 2<A Col. 1H2=A Tit$s 2H1&A 1e+. 12H1&A 0a,es #H2A I Pet. 1H22A 2HCA II Pet. 1H&, etc.A I 0o%n #H#, CA &H12, 1;.1=A :H1=A Rev. <H1&. T%e (ollo3in- te2ts a e o(ten ?$ote! to s%o3 t%at t%e e is no e!e,)tion ( o, all sin in t%is li(eA t%at no ,an can live 3it%o$t co,,ittin- it. I /in-s =H&;A 0o+ 2:H&A P ov. 2IHCA Eccl. <H2IA Ro,. #H2I, 2#A I 0o%n 1H=, 1I. D11#. "o$l! t%e a+sence o( e2a,)le ) ove t%e !oct ine (alseE "%at te2ts a e ?$ote!
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to e($te t%e !oct ineEF *$t a little attention to t%e o i-inal te2ts, an! t%e conte2ts, 3ill clea ly ) ove t%at t%ey teac% si,)ly t%at all %ave sinne!, an! t%at all a e lia+le to sin. T%is is consistent 3it% t%e !esi-n o( 0es$s, 3%o ca,e to save %is )eo)le ( o, t%ei sins, D'att. 1H21,F t%at is, ( o, t%e !o,inion an! )oll$tion o( sin, so t%at, %ence(o t%, t%ey s%o$l! +e ( ee ( o, t%e se vice o( sin, an! +eco,e se vants to Go!, an! %ave t%ei ( $it $nto %oliness. Ro,. ;H1.22A =H1.2A I Pet. 2H2&A I 0o%n 1H<.CA #H:.CA :H1=. E o s o( >$!-,ent, in(i ,ities o( +o!y, (ea s occasione! +y s$ ) ise, $n)leasant ! ea,s, 3an!e int%o$-%ts in ) aye , ti,es 3%en t%e e is no >oy, a sense o( ine((iciency in C% istian la+o , an! st onte,)tations, a e +y no ,eans inconsistent 3it% )e (ect love. 5et e o s nee! t%e atone,ent. 1e+. 11H<. T%e e is no s$c% state o( C% istian ,at$ ity in t%is li(e as 3ill not a!,it o( a!vance,ent. 0o+ 1<HCA Ps. =&H<A P ov. &H1=A 'al. &H2A E)%. &H1:.1;A P%il. #H1#.1<A 1e+. ;H1A I Pet. 2H2.:A II Pet. #H1=. All )e seve in- +elieve s a e a!vancin- to3a ! enti e sancti(ication. S$c% 3ill attain D11&. 1o3 a e t%e te2ts t%$s ?$ote! to +e e2)laine!E "%at is sai! o( e o s o( >$!-,ent, etc.EF t%is - ace +e(o e !eat%, inas,$c% as t%e ) o,ise o( ete nal li(e ca ies 3it% it t%e )le!-e on Go!@s )a t to +esto3 all nee!e! - ace. E)%. :H2<A P%il. 1H;A 0$!e 2&. T%e (act t%at ,any C% istians %ave not till nea !eat% e2)e ience! t%is - ace only ) oves t%e 3ea4ness o( t%ei (ait% o t%ei i,)e (ect a)) e%ension o( t%e cleansin- +loo! o( 0es$s C% ist. "e s%o$l! +e ca e($l not to ,eas$ e t%e )ossi+le +y t%e act$al . KIt is t%e e(o e $n!o$+te!ly yo$ !$ty to ) ay an! loo4 (o ($ll salvation eve y !ay, eve y %o$ , eve y ,o,ent, 3it%o$t 3aitin- till 3e %ave eit%e !one o s$((e e! ,o e.K.0o%n "esley. Enti e sancti(ication is t%e - eat sa(e-$a ! a-ainst +ac4sli!in-. E o s es)ectin- enti e sancti(icationH 1. T%at t%is cannot ta4e )lace till !eat% eleases t%e so$l ( o, t%e +o!y, t%e ass$,e! seat o( sin. Re($tationH See t%e co,,an!s, ) o,ises, etc., a+ove. 2. T%e ,ista4e o( D . C%al,e s, t%at it is +y 3o 4s an! not +y t%e +loo! o( C% ist a))lie! +y t%e 1oly G%ost t% o$-% (ait%. Re($te! +y Acts 1:HCA II T%ess. 2H1#A 1e+. CH1&A I Pet. 1H2A I 0o%n 1H<, C. D11:. "%at is sai! ($ t%e o( t%is state o( - aceE "%at (ive e o s a e %el! es)ectin- t%is !oct ineE 1o3 e($te!EF #. T%e !oct ine o( Co$nt JinGen!o (, t%at it is i!entical 3it% t%e ne3 +i t%. Re($te! in 0o%n 1:H2A I Co . #H1.#A II Co . <H1A Gal. :H1<A I T%ess. :H2#. &. T%at o i-inal o in+ e! sin in a +elieve can +e i,)e ce)ti+ly o$t- o3n 3it%o$t a conscio$s o)e ation o( t%e 1oly S)i it. Re($te! +y te2ts $n!e No.2 a+ove, also +y t%e i!entity o( enti e cleansin3it% t%e ($llness o +a)tis, o( t%e S)i it, 3%ic% is al3ays -iven instantaneo$sly. :. T%at enti e sancti(ication can neve +e ce ti(ie! +y t%e conscio$sness +eca$se t%e so$l@s nat$ e lies +elo3 its -aGe, an! t%at it cannot +e atteste! +y t%e Sancti(ie! %i,sel( +eca$se %e is t%e 3itness o( a!o)tion. Re($tationH I Co . 2H11.12A I 0o%n 2H 2I, 2<.
Ch 1( Perseverance-"0ostasy
It is t%e +i t% i-%t o( eve y c%il! o( Go! not only to +e cleanse! ( o, all sin in t%is li(e, +$t to 4ee) %i,sel( $ns)otte! ( o, t%e 3o l!, an! so to live as neve ,o e to o((en! %is 'a4e . Ps. #<H#<A 1e+. 11H:A <H2:A I Pet. 1H:A I 0o%n #HCA &H1<A :H1=A 0$!e 2&. 5et t%e +est o( +elieve s a e lia+le to so (a a)ostatiGe as (inally to )e is%. D11;. "%at is ,eant +y )e seve anceE 1o3 ,ay eve y +elieve )e seve e in (ait% an! o+e!ienceEF T%is is evi!ent ( o, t%e %isto y, D1.F O( ce tain an-els. 0o+ &H1=A II Pet. 2H&A 0$!e ;. D2.F O( A!a,. Gen. 1H 2<, #1A #H;.1IA Eccl. <H2C. D#.F O( t%e 0e3s. I Co . 1IH1.12A 1e+. #H1<.1CA 0$!e D:.F &. O( Sa$l. I Sa,. 1IHC.1IA 1:H2#.2&A 1;H1&. :. O( 0$!as. Ps. &1HCA 0o%n 1#H1=A 'att. 2;H2&.2:A 0o%n 1<H12A Acts 1H2:. T%e n$,e o$s co,,an!s an! e2%o tations to )e seve ance, an! t%e ,any 3a nin-s a-ainst
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a)ostasy, a e ($ t%e ) oo( o( t%is !oct ine I C% on. 2=HCA EGe4. 1=H2&A ##H12.1#,1=A 'att. :H1#A L$4e CH;2A 0o%n 1:H1.;A Ro,. 11H2I.22A I Co . CH2<A 1IH12A I Ti,. 1H1C.2IA :H12,1:A II Ti,. 1H1&.1:A 1e+. &H1, 11A ;H&.;A 1IH2;.2C, #=, #CA 12H1&.1:A II Pet. 1H#.1I.11, 1=.22, Rev. 2H&.:, #H1I.11.
Ch 1) 2ast Things
1. DEAT1. T%is is t%e e2tinction o( ani,al li(e, an! t%e se)a ation o( so$l an! +o!y. It is t%e e((ect o( D11<. Is it )ossi+le (o C% istians to a)ostatiGeE "%at %isto ical ) oo( ( o, Sc i)t$ eE "%at ot%e ) oo(E "%at is !eat%EF a 3i!ely !esolatin- ca$se.t%at ca$se is sin. Ro,. :H12A Gen. #H1CA Eccl. <H2A =H=A 0o+ =HCA 1&H1.2A 1&H22A ##H2#A Ps. =CH&=A CIH1IA 1e+. CH2<A 0a,es &H1&. "e (in! on eco ! t3o e2ce)tions to t%is -ene al cala,ity. T%ese 3e e e,ove! ( o, t%e ea t% +y t anslation. II /in-s 2H11A 1e+. 11H:. T%e so$l neit%e !ies no slee)s 3it% t%e +o!y. Eccl. ##H21A 12H<. Since eve y ,an@s ea t%ly li(e is t%e -i(t o( Go!, DGen. 2H<A 0o+ ##H&A Acts 1<H2:,F all ,$ !e is (o +i!!en $n!e )enalty o( a (o (eit$ e o( li(e +ot% te,)o al an! ete nal. Gen. CH;A Lev. 2&H1<, 21A 'att. 1CH1=A I 0o%n #H1:A Rev. 21H=. As t%is li(e is s%o t an! t%e ti,e o( !eat% is le(t $nce tain, D0o+ =HCA CH2:A Eccl CH12,F an! as !eat% te ,inates o$ ) o+ationa y state, it is %i-%ly i,)o tant t%at 3e +e al3ays !$ly ) e)a e!. Eccl. CH1IA Rev. 22H11A Ps. CIH12A 'att. 2&H&&A L$4e 12H#:.#<A Ro,. 1#H11, etc.A Tit$s 2H12.1#A I Pet. &H<A II Pet. #H11. D11=. "%at is t%e ca$se o( !eat%E "%at e2ce)tionsE Does t%e so$l !ie o slee) 3it% t%e +o!yE 1ave 3e any i-%t to ta4e a3ay li(e in any 3ayE "%at )enaltyE "%at is o$ !$ty in vie3 o( !eat%EF 2. INTER'EDIATE STATE. T%e te , ($t$ e state is $se! in elation to ,an@s e2istence in a ($t$ e li(e, incl$!in- t%e so$l@s se)a ate e2istence a(te t%e !eat% o( t%e +o!y, an! its $lti,ate an! ete nal e.$nion 3it% t%e +o!y in its es$ ection state. T%at state in 3%ic% t%e so$l e2ists +et3een t%e !eat% an! es$ ection o( t%e +o!y is calle! t%e inte ,e!iate state. Da.F INTER'EDIATE STATE OF T1E RIG1TEO7S. So,eti,es calle! )a a!ise, an Asiatic 3o ! $se! to !esc i+e t%e )a 4s an! )leas$ e - o$n!s o( O iental ,ona c%s. It is $se! also in t%e G ee4 ve sion o( t%e Ol! Testa,ent, o( t%e Ga !en o( E!en, DGen. 2H=, etc.,F an! %ence in ti,e it ca,e to +e $se! to !esi-nate %eaven. L$4e 2#H&#A II Co . 22H2.&A Rev. 2H<. It is co,,only t%o$-%t to e) esent 3%at is calle! t%e inte ,e!iate state o( t%e i-%teo$s +et3een !eat% an! t%e es$ ection, DL$4e 2#H&#,F as !oes t%e )% ase A+ a%a,@s +oso,. L$4e 1;H22. T%e Sc i)t$ es, %o3eve , 3%ateve t%ey ,ay say es)ectin- s$c% a state, !o not teac% any inte ,e!iate )laceA t%at is, a )lace s%o t o( an! !istinctive ( o, %eaven, t%e D11C. "%at is t%e inte ,e!iate stateEF a+o!e o( C% ist. Co,)a e 'a 4 1;H1CA 1e+ 1IH2&A Acts <H::, :CA II Co . :H1.=A P%il 1H 2#. T%e so$ls o( t%e i-%teo$s !ea! ente $)on t%is state i,,e!iately. L$4e 1;H22A Rev. 1&H 1#. T%is is !istinctly ta$-%t +y C% ist. L$4e 2#H&#. T%ose 3%o teac% t%e non.i,,o tality o( t%e so$l %ave 3 este! t%ese 3o !s o( C% ist so as to ,a4e %i, say, "%at I say to yo$ I say to.!ay. T%is is ?$ite as a+s$ ! as it 3o$l! +e to )e ve t in t%e sa,e 3ay t%e (ollo3in- )assa-esH L$4e 1CHCA 1e+. #H<A &H<A 0a,es &H1#A E2o!. CH:. D+.F INTER'EDIATE STATE OF T1E "IC/ED. T%e so$ls o( t%e 3ic4e! a e not cast into t%e la4e o( (i e $ntil a(te t%e es$ ection an! -ene al >$!-,ent. 'att. 2:H&1A II T%ess. 1H<.1IA Rev. 1&H1I.11A 2IH1I.1:. *$t t%ey a e in a state o( conscio$s s$((e inas t%e conse?$ence o( t%ei -$ilt. L$4e 1;H 22.2=. T%is 3ill consist in e,o se (o t%ei ,is!ee!s, an! in a se)a ation ( o, t%ose sens$al o+>ects on 3%ic% t%ei %ea ts %ave +een (i2e!, DL$4e 12H1C.21,F an! in a conscio$s loss o( t%e D12I. "%at 3ill +e
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t%e con!ition o( t%e so$ls o( t%e i-%teo$sE "%at 3ill +e t%e inte ,e!iate state o( t%e 3ic4e!EF s,iles o( Go! an! t%e >oys o( )a a!ise. L$4e 1#H2=A 1;H2;. T%e !esi es, )assions, an! sin($l ) o)ensities all e,ainin- +$t no lon-e (in!in- - ati(ication 3ill nat$ ally +eco,e ,o e in(la,e! an! to ,entin- +e(o e t%e in(liction o( )ositive )enalties in t%e !ay o( >$!-,ent. P ov. 1&H#2A L$4e 1;H2&A Rev.2IH11.12. #. 'ESSIA1@S /INGDO'.ITS PROGRESS AND 7LTI'ATE TRI7'P1. T%e !oct ine es)ectin- t%is -lo io$s ac%ieve,ent is (o$n! in t%e Divine ) o,isesH Da.F As !i ectly eveale! to A+ a%a,, Isaac, an! 0aco+. Gen. 12H#A 1#H1&.1;A 1:H1.:A 1=H1=A 22H1<. 1=A 2;H#.&A 2=H1#.1&. T%at t%is ) o,ise elates to A+ a%a,@s s)i it$al see! is seen +y co,)a in- Ro,. &H1#.2:A Gal. #H;.2C. D+.F As e2) esse! +y t%e ins)i e! ) o)%ets o( t%e Ol! Testa,ent. Gen. &CH1IA N$,. 1&H 21A 2&H1<. 1CA Ps. 2H<.=A 22H2<.2=A <2H=, 11,1<,1CA Isa. 2H2.&A CH;.<A &CH;A :2H1IA 1a+. 2H1&A Jec%. CHC.1IA EGe4. &<H1.12A Dan. 2H&&A <H1#.1&, 2<A 0oel 2H2=.2CA 'ica% &H1.<A 'al. 1H11. D121. "%at is sai! o( 'essia%@s 4in-!o,E 1o3 ) ove!EF Dc.F As e2) esse! in t%ose ) o)%ecies 3%ic% !istinctly elate to t%e (inal esto ation o( t%e 0e3s +y t%ei conve sion to C% istianity. De$t. #IH#.;A Isa. 1H2&.2<A &CH:.2;A ;IH1:.22A ;2H&.12A 0e . #H12.1=A 2#H:.=A #1H1I.12, #1.#&A #2H#<.&&A #1H<.1;A EGe4. 2IH#&,&I.&2A 2=H2:.2;A #;H2&.2CA #<H21.2=A 1osea #H&,:A A,os CH11.1:A 'ica% <H1=.2IA Je)%. #H1C.2IA Jec%. =H1.C. T%at t%ese ) o)%ecies elate to t%ei salvation t% o$-% C% ist is seen +y co,)a in- Ro,. 11H2;A Gal. #H<.1 ;. D!.F T%e C% istian C%$ c% is t%e a))ointe! an! a)) o) iate inst $,entality o( t%is 3o 4. *y %e ) aye as ta$-%t o( C% ist. 'att. ;H1I. *y %e e2a,)le. 'att. :H1&, 1;A P%il. 2H1:. *y t%e $nive sal s) ea! o( t%e Gos)el. 'att. 2=H1C.2IA 2&H1&A Acts 1H=A Rev. 1&H;A 22H1<. 1o3eve s,all an! !isco$ a-in- t%e co,,ence,ent o( t%is 3o 4, an! slo3 an! i,)e ce)ti+le its ) o- ess, it is to +e c o3ne! 3it% $lti,ate an! $nive sal s$ccess. Co,)a e Isa, ;IH22A Dan. 2H#:. &:A EGe4. &<H#.:A 'att. 1#H#1.##. T%is -lo io$s )e io! is calle! t%e ,illenni$,, a 3o ! $se! to !enote t%e t%o$san! D122. "%at is t%e inst $,entalityE Its ,et%o! o( actionE "%at is sai! o( t%e ,illenni$,EF yea s ,entione! Rev. 2IH&.;, !$ in- 3%ic% Satan is +o$n!, an! C% ist ei-ns in %is s)i it$al ) esence on ea t% 3it% %is saints. *$t +y t%e t%o$san! yea s is ) o+a+ly ,eant, not e2actly ten %$n! e! yea s, +$t an in!e(initely lon- )e io!, as t%is is t%e Sc i)t$ e $sa-e o( t%e )% ase. De$t. <HCA Ps. =&H1IA CIH&A Isa. ;IH22A Eccl. ;H;A II Pet. #H=. &. T1E SECOND ADVENT OF C1RIST. T%e co,in- o( C% ist to >$!-e t%e 3o l! in %is %$,an (o , 3ill +e %is secon! a))ea ance, ans3e in- to %is (i st a))ea ance on ea t% in %is %$,an nat$ e. 'att. 2:H#1A Acts 1H 11A I T%ess. &H1;A II T%ess. 1H <.=A 1e+. CH2<.2=. It 3ill +e a +o!ily an! visi+le co,in-, DRev. 1H <,F s$!!enly +$ stin- $)on t%e %$,an ace 3%en en-a-e! in t%ei !aily )$ s$its an! )leas$ es. 'att. 2&H#;.:1A 2&H1.1&. T%e ti,e o( t%e secon! co,in- o( C% ist 3as, !$ in- %is inca nation, as a )a t o( %is %$,iliation, $n4no3n to %i,, +$t it 3as a sec et in t%e +oso, o( t%e Fat%e . 'a 4 1#H#2. T%e )$ )ose o( %is co,in- 3ill +e to aise t%e !ea!, to >$!-e t%e %$,an (a,ily, to sentence t%e 3ic4e! to eve lastin- )$nis%,ent, an! to -at%e t%e i-%teo$s to t%e ete nal e3a ! D12#. "%at is sai! o( t%e secon! a!vent o( C% istEF o( %eaven. 'att. 2:H#1.&;A 0o%n :H2=.2CA Acts 1<H#1A II T%ess. 1H<.1IA Rev. 22H1I.1:A 21H=. It is t%e !$ty o( +elieve s to live in !aily e2)ectation o( t%is - eat event , D'a 4 1#H##.#<F an! to love t%e a))ea in- o( t%ei Lo !. Ro,. =H2#A I T%ess. 1H1IA Tit$s 2H1#A 1e+. CH2=A II Pet. #H11.1&A Rev. 22H2I. :. T1E GENERAL RES7RRECTION. *y t%is is ,eant t%e aisin- to li(e ( o, t%e !ea! t%e +o!ies o( all ,an4in!, inco $)ti+le, an! t%e e$nitin- o( t%e, to t%ei so$ls. T%e +o!ies aise! ,$st +e s$+stantially t%e sa,e +o!ies, o t%e te , es$ ection is a+s$ !A an! (o Go! to -ive an enti ely ne3 +o!y 3o$l! +e at%e a ne3 c eation. T%is !oct ine , t%o$-% a+ove eason, is not cont a y to it, an!, t%e e(o e, no ,o e inc e!i+le, t%an is t%at o( its c eation at (i st. Gen. 2H<A Acts 2<H=A I Co . 1:H12.2#, &:.:=. It is no ,o e !i((ic$lt (o Go! to c%an-e o$ vile +o!ies ( o, t%e co $)tion o( !eat% into (o ,s o( an-elic )$ ity an! +ea$ty, t%an it is to t ans(o , c%a coal into t%e s)a 4lin- !ia,on!A D12&. "%at is
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t%e !$ty o( +elieve sE "%at is ,eant +y t%e -ene al es$ ectionE "ill t%e +o!ies +e t%e sa,eE Is not t%is inc e!i+leE *y 3%at e2a,)les a e its )ossi+ility an! ) o+a+ility ) ove!EF (o t%e latte !i((e s ( o, t%e (o ,e only in t%e c ystalline a an-e,ent o( its ato,s. T%e e a e also e2a,)les 3%ic% in!icate a es$ ection in insects, ve-eta+les, an! t ees, ( o, yea to yea . "%ile t%ese eac% t%e )ossi+ility an! ) o+a+ility o( ,an@s es$ ection t%e *i+le e2)licitly !ecla es t%e !oct ine. 0o+ 1&H12.1:A 1CH2:.2<A Ps. 1;HC.1lA Isa 2;H1CA Dan. 12H2A 1os. 1#H1&A 'att 22H2=.#2A 0o%n :H2=.2CA Acts 1<H#1.#2A 2&H1&.1:A 2;H=A I Co . 1:H12.::A II Co . :H1.1IA P%il. #H2I.21A I T%ess &H1#.1=. Rev. 2IH12.1#. T%e !oct ine o( t%e es$ ection is ($n!a,ental to C% istianity, as t%e 3%ole Gos)el stan!s o (alls 3it% t%e t $t% o( it, es)ecially t%at o( C% ist. Acts 2H2#.#;A 1#H#I.#<A Ro,. 1H &A I Co . 1:H12, etc. T%e te , es$ ection is also $se! in a sy,+olical sense to !enote t%e aisin- o( so$ls ( o, a state o( sin to a state o( li(e an! t $e %oliness. EGe4. #<H1.1&A 0o%n :H21, 2:A Ro,.;H1.<A E)%. 2H1, :.;. *$t t%e es$ ection o( t%e +o!y is al3ays e) esente! as ($t$ e, t%at o( t%e so$l, as in t%e ) esent ti,e. D12:. "%at te2ts e2)licitly ) ove t%e !oct ineE Is t%is o( i,)o tance to C% istianityE "%at is sai! o( t%e te , as $se! sy,+olicallyE 1o3 is t%e lite al !istin-$is%e! ( o, t%e sy,+olicalEF ;. GENERAL 07DG'ENT. *y t%is is ,eant t%at i,)o tant )e io! 3%ic% is to te ,inate t%e ) esent state o( e2istence, an! in 3%ic% t%e e is to +e a -ene al t ial o( an-els an! ,en, %oly an! $n%oly. Acts 1<H#1A 2&H1:A 0$!e ;, <, 1&, 1:. T%e evi!ences o( s$c% a !ay a e, 1. T%e >$stice o( Go! e?$i es it, as t%is att i+$te is not clea ly an! ($lly !is)laye! in t%e ) esent li(e. EG a CH1#A Ps. 1I#H1IA <#H1.1CA C2H<A 0o+ 21H<.#&A Eccl =H11, 1&A L$4e ;H2&, 2:A 1<H2:A Ro,. CH22. 2. T%e !ictates o( conscience an! eason s$--est t%is. Acts 2&H2:A Ro,. 2H1:.1;. #. T%e es$ ection o( C% ist is a ce tain ) oo( o( it. Acts 1<H#1A Ro,. 1&HCA P%il. #H1I.11. &. T%ose te2ts 3%ic% li,it t%e >$!-,ent to a ($t$ e an! !e(inite ti,e. Eccl. CHCA 12H1&A 'al. #H1;. 1=A &H1A 'att. 12H#;A 1#H#=.&#A 1;H2<A 1:H#1, etc.A 0o%n :H2=.2CA 12H&=A Acts 1<H#1A 2&H2:A Ro,. 2H:.1;A I Co . #H1#A &H:A II Co . :H1IA II Ti,. &H1A II Pet. 2HCA #H<A 0$!e ;A Rev. 2IH 12.1#. :. T%ose 3%ic% s)ea4 o( (o ,e -ene ations D12;. "%at is ,eant +y t%e -ene al >$!-,entE Give t%e evi!ences in t%ei o !e .F +ein- ese ve! $nto t%e >$!-,ent. 'att. 1IH1:A 21H2#.2&A L$4e 11H#1.#2A 0$!e ;, <,1&, 1:. T%e >$!-,ent !ay s%o$l! +e consi!e e! as t%e ,ost s$+li,e, sole,n, an! inte estin- o( all events. T%en ti,e an! %$,an ) o+ation 3ill close. Rev. 1IH;A 22H11.12. T%e ,ate ial 3o l! 3ill +e c%an-e!, an! ,en an! !evils eceive t%ei i evoca+le sentence ( o, t%e i-%teo$s 0$!-e. II Pet. #H<. 12A 0$!e ;, 1&, 1:A Rev. 2IH1I.1:. <. 1EAVEN. T%e Sc i)t$ es $se t%is 3o ! in t% ee !i((e ent sensesH D1.F Fo t%e at,os)%e e a o$n! $s, 3%e e t%e clo$!s an! (o3ls a e seen. Gen 1H<.=, 2IA 'att. 2&H#I. D2.F Fo t%at i,,eas$ a+le s)ace in 3%ic% t%e s$n an! sta s %ave t%ei )osition. Gen. 1H1&, etc.A 1:H:A 0os%. 1IH1#. D#.F Fo t%at -lo io$s a+o!e, 3%e e t%e o,ni) esent Go! ,o e i,,e!iately !3ells, calle! t%e t%i ! %eaven. II Co . 12H2A t%e %eaven o( %eavens. De$t. 1IH1&A I /in-s =H2<A Ne%. CH;A Ps. ;=H##A t%e state an! )lace o( +lesse!ness to 3%ic% t%e saints attain a(te t%e ) esent li(e. II /in-s 2H1, 11A II Co . :H1.2A 1e+. 1IH#&A 11H1;. D12<. 1o3 s%o$l! t%e >$!-,ent !ay +e e-a !e!E "%yE In 3%at t% ee senses is t%e 3o ! %eaven $se!EF Res)ectin- t%e e2act locality o( t%is )lace Sc i)t$ e is silent, an! %$,an con>ect$ es a e va io$s an! con(lictin-. It is -ene ally e) esente! as +ein- so,e3%e e a3ay ( o, t%is ea t%, an! t%e e(o e $) in t%e st ictest sense o( t%e 3o !. 'a 4 1;H1CA L$4e 2&H:1A 0o%n #H1#A ;H;2A Acts 1HC.11A E)%. &H1IA I T%ess. &H1;.1<A I Ti,. #H1;A 1e+. CH2&. O( t%is %eavenly 3o l! not%inis eveale! to - ati(y o$ c$ iosity in t%e ) esent li(eA even !e)a te! s)i its, on et$ nin- to ea t%, %ave not +een allo3e! to eveal 3%at %as +een ,a!e 4no3n to t%e,. Co,)a e 'att. 1<H#A 2<H:2.:#A L$4e <H1:A 0o%n 11H&&A II Co . 12H&A yet ?$ite eno$-% is 4no3n to call o$t o$ ea nest !esi es an! ) e)a ation (o t%is %eavenly state. II Co . :H1.=A P%il. 1H21.2#A 1e+. 11H1#.1;A I 0o%n #H2.#. T%e ) o,inent (eat$ es o( t%is +lesse! li(e a e its %oliness, its %a))iness, an! t%e ) esence o( t%e Lo !. Psa. 1;H11A 1<H1:A 0o+ 1CH2;.2<A 0o%n 1&H1.#A 1<H2&A I Co . 1#HC.12A II Co . :H1.=A P%il. 1H21.2#A I
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T%ess. &H1;.1<A 1e+. 12H1&A I 0o%n #H2.#A Rev. #H21A 21H#.&, <, 22.2<A 22H1.:. 1eaven 3as ) e)a e! (o t%e i-%teo$s ( o, D12=. "%at is sai! o( t%e locality o( %eavenE "%at o( its nat$ e is eveale!E "%at a e its ) o,inent (eat$ esEF t%e +e-innin-, 'att. 2:H#&A an! 0es$s %as -one to )e (ect it an! to ) e)a e t%e 3ay to it +y %is ,e!iation (o all s$c% as co,e to %i,. 0o%n 1&H1.#, ;A 1e+. <H2:. T%e e a e va io$s !e- ees o( -lo y in %eaven.calle! ,ansions, 0o%n 2iv, 1. s$ite! to t%e !i((e ent ca)acities an! ,o al attain,ents o( t%e (ait%($l. Dan. 12H2A 'att. 1=H&A 2IH2#A I Co . 1:H&1. 0o%n Ne3ton once sai! t%at i( %e eve ente e! %eaven, %e ,i-%t, ) o+a+ly, ,eet t% ee - eat 3on!e sH D 1.F In (in!inso,e t%e e 3%o, %e %a! s$))ose! 3o$l! not +e t%e e. D2.F In not (in!inso,e t%e e 3%o, %e %a! e2)ecte! 3o$l! +e t%e e. D#.F 'ost o( all in (in!in- %i,sel( t%e e. KT%e Lo ! seet% not as ,an seet%.K I Sa,. 1;H;.<A 'al. #H1<.1=A II Ti,. 2H1C. =. 1ELL. T%is 3o !, t anslate! ( o, t%e 1e+ e3 s%eol an! t%e G ee4 %a!es, o i-inally ,eans t%e conceale! )lace, t%e state o con!ition o( all !e)a te! s)i its, 3%et%e i-%teo$s o t%e 3ic4e!, an!, t%e e(o e, !oes not necessa ily D12C. "%en an! (o 3%o, 3as %eaven ) e)a e!E A e t%e e !i((e ent !e- eesE "%at i! 0o%n Ne3ton sayE "%at is t%e o i-inal ,eanin- o( t%e 3o ! %ellEF !enote a )lace o( to ,ent. Co,)a e Acts 2H2<, #1A L$4e 1<H2#. "%en t%e )lace o( (inal )$nis%,ent is !esi-nate! ot%e 3o !s a e $se!, s$c% as -e%enna, 'att. :H22, 2C.#IA 1IH2=A 1=HCA 2#H1:, ##A 'a 4 CH&#, &:, &<A L$4e 12H:A 0a,es #H;A an! ta ta $s. II Pet. 2H&. DG ee4.F. T%o$-% ,any o( t%e Sc i)t$ e te ,s an! )% ases $se! to !esc i+e t%is )$nis%,ent a e ,eta)%o ical, yet t%ey e) esent a ! ea!($l eality, an! a e !esi-ne! to convey t%e i!ea o( t%e - eatest an! ,ost te i+le to ,ents )ossi+le. Ps. CH1<A :IH22A 'al. &H1A 'att. #H12A =H12A 1#H&2A 2:H&1,&;A 'a 4 CH&#.&&A L$4e 1#H2=A 1;H2&, 2=A Ro,. 2H=.CA II T%ess. 1H=.CA 0$!e 1#.1:A Rev. ;H1:.1<A 1&H1I.11A 2IH1&. 1:A 21H=. T%e st on-est )ossi+le te ,s a e $se! to e2) ess t%e en!less !$ ation o( t%is )$nis%,ent. 'att. 2:H&1,&;A 'a 4 #H2CA CH&#.&=A L$4e 1;H2;A II T%ess. 1HCA 0$!e <, 1#A Rev. 2IH1I. T%e sa,e te ,s a e so,eti,es a))lie! in a li,ite! sense to s$c% t%in-s as ,$st ce tainly D1#I. "%at ot%e te ,s a e $se! to !esi-nate t%e )lace o( (inal )$nis%,entE Is t%is state o( )$nis%,ent eve !esc i+e! ,eta)%o icallyE "%at !oes s$c% lan-$a-e e) esentE 1o3 is its en!less !$ ation e2) esse!E A e t%e sa,e te ,s eve a))lie! to +e in a li,ite! senseEF %ave an en!A as a))ea s +y a co,)a ison o( t%e (ollo3in- te2tsH Gen. &CH2;A 1a+. #H;A II Pet. #H1IA Rev. ;H1&A 1;H2I. T%e e) esentation o( t%e )$nis%,ent o( t%e 3ic4e! is so connecte! 3it% t%e %a))iness o( t%e i-%teo$s in )oint o( ti,e an! !$ ation as ) ove it to +e ($t$ e an! ete nal. Dan. 12H2A Isa. ::H1;.1<A 'att. 2:H&;A 0o%n :H2=.2CA Ro,. 2H:.l1A Rev. 22H11.12. T%e - eat solicit$!e o( C% ist an! %is a)ostles (o t%e salvation o( ,en i,)lies t%at t%e 3ic4e! a e e2)ose! to ete nal )$nis%,ent De$t. #IH1:.1CA #2H2CA 0e . =H1=.22A CH1.2A EGe4. 1=H#I.#2A L$4e 1#H2&. 2=, #&A Acts 2IH1<.#1A 21H1#A Ro,. CH1.#A II Co . ;H1.CA =HCA I Pet. 2H21.2&A #H1<.1=A Rev. ;HC.11. Soc ates an! Plato, t%e e2)onents o( t%e %i-%est $nins)i e! %$,an eason, ta$-%t t%e !oct ine o( t%e en!less s$((e in- o( all inc$ a+le so$ls. In t%is t%ey a- ee! 3it% t%e ancient ,yt%olo-y. 1ence t%e tenet is not $n easona+le, since it is a ) inci)le o( nat$ al eli-ion an! o( ,o al )%iloso)%y es$ltin( o, a )e ve sion o( ( ee a-ency. Co,)a e P ov. 1H#1.#2A Gal.;H <.=A Rev. 22H11, 12. D1#1. A e t%e sa,e te ,s a))lie! ali4e to e) esent t%e !$ ation o( +ot% %ell an! %eavenE "%at !oes t%e - eat solicit$!e o( C% ist an! ot%e s (o t%e salvation o( ,en i,)lyE "%at !i! Soc ates an! Plato teac%EF T%e in(liction o( s$((e inas a )enalty (o sin is not inconsistent 3it% t%e Divine ,e cy, +$t at%e s$c% a !is)lay o( t%at ,e cy as calls (o a)) o) iate ) aise. E2o!. 1:H1.21A #&H;.<A Ps. :=H1I.11A ;2H12A 1#;H1, 1I, 1:, etc.A 1&CH:.C. I(, t%en, t% o$-% all ti,e t%e Divine ,e cy %as in (act not only )e ,itte!, +$t act$ally in(licte! s$((e inas a )$nis%,ent o( sinne s, as 3ell as (o !isci)lina y an! sal$ta y )$ )oses, 3%y ,ay not ete nal )$nis%,ent +e consistent 3it% t%e Divine ,e cyE Lev. 2&H1I.1;A N$,. 2v, #I.#;A 0os%. <H1.CA Isa. ;;H2&A I Co . 1IH:.1lA II Pet. 2H;A 0$!e <A Rev. CH1.;. F$t$ e )$nis%,ent cannot ,ean anni%ilation, e2tinction, o non.e2istence.(o 3%at ceases to +e
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ceases to s$((e , 3%e eas s$((e in- i,)lies contin$e! conscio$s e2istenceH %ence calle! eve lastin)$nis%,ent. 'att. 2:H&;A II T%ess. 1HCA 0$!e <. O( anni%ilation t%e e can +e neit%e ,o e no lessA it is t%e e(o e inconsistent 3it% t%e sc i)t$ al !oct ine o( !i((e ent !e- ees o( )$nis%,ent. D1#2. Is )$nis%,ent consistent 3it% !ivine ,e cyE Does it e2%i+it t%at ,e cyE 1o3E I( te,)o al in(liction (o sin ill$st ates t%e !ivine ,e cy, 3%y ,ay not ete nal )$nis%,ent e?$ally !e,onst ate +ot t%e !ivine love an! >$sticeEF 'att. 1IH1:, 11H22.2&A 12H &1, &2A 2#H1&A L$4e 12H&<.&=A 1e+. 1IH2;.2C. T%e anni%ilationists o( t%e ) esent !ay asse t t%at t%e so$l !ies 3it% t%e %olyA t%at t%is !eat% constit$tes t%e )$nis%,ent o( sinA an! t%at t%is is t%e state o( all t%e !ea!, a state o( non.+ein-. T%at t%e only !i((e ence +et3een t%e i-%teo$s an! t%e 3ic4e! is, t%at t%e i-%teo$s a e consi-ne! to t%is )$nis%,ent, so,e o( t%e, (o t%o$san!s o( yea s, $ntil C% ist s%all aise t%e, to i,,o talityA 3%ile t%e 3ic4e! a e le(t in ete nal !eat%. T%is !oct ine is cont a y to t%e Sc i)t$ es in -ene al es)ecially t%e (ollo3in- Ps. 1;H1IA Dan 12H2A L$4e 1;H22.2=, 2#H&#, 0o%n :H2=.2C, Acts <H::, :C, II Co . :H1.=A P%il. 1H21.2#, Rev. 1&H1I.1#, 'att. 22H#2. It is conten!e! +y so,e t%at t%e )$nis%,ent o( sin consists, (o t%e ,ost )a t, in e,o se o( conscience, an! t%at eve y sinne s$((e s t%is in ) o)o tion to %is -$ilt, an! at t%e ti,e o( t ans- ession. T%is !oct ine cannot +e t $e, 1. *eca$se conscience in eve y in!ivi!$al is not t%e sa,eA 3%ile it con!e,ns so,e (o !oin- 3%at is i-%t D1##. "%at is sai! o( t%e !oct ine o( anni%ilationE Does it a!,it o( !e- ees o( )$nis%,entE Does t%at !oct ine con(lict 3it% Sc i)t$ eE Does not t%e )$nis%,ent o( sin consist in )a t in e,o se o( conscienceEF in itsel(A it ac?$its ot%e s (o !oin- 3%at is act$ally 3 on-. Acts 2;HC, etc.A I Ti,. 1H1#. 2. *eca$se ) o- ess in sin is atten!e! 3it% inc easin- insensi+ilityA 3%ile t%e (i st !eviation ( o, !$ty is atten!e! 3it% a 4een sense o( -$ilt, on t%e secon! o((ense t%e conscience (eels less, an! so on $ntil s%e is l$lle! to slee). E)%. &H1CA I Ti,. &H2A Tit$s 1H1:. I( t%e e is no )$nis%,ent +eyon! t%is li(e, an! all 3%o !ie +eco,e i,,e!iately %a))y, t%en it ,i-%t +e in(e e!, ( o, %is a!,inist ation, t%at Go! is t%e ( ien! o( sinne s at%e t%an o( t%e i-%teo$s. T%$s t%e ante!il$vians an! So!o,ites 3e e ta4en in t%ei c i,es i,,e!iately to %eaven, 3%ile i-%teo$s Noa% an! Lot 3e e le(t to en!$ e t%e ($ t%e t ials an! s$((e in-s o( t%is li(e. *$t co,)a e II Pet. 2H&.C. I( )$nis%,ent is (ollo3e! +y a!,ittance to t%e e3a !s o( %eaven, t%en t%e e can +e salvation 3it%o$t t%e +loo! o( C% ist, an! %is c oss is ,a!e o( none e((ect. 0o%n 1&H;A 1e+. CH 12.2=A Rev. 1H:. D1#&. Give so,e ) oo( t%at t%is is not a s$((icient )$nis%,ent. I( t%e e is no ($t$ e )$nis%,ent, 3%at ,ay 3e in(e E I( %eaven (ollo3s a li,ite! )$nis%,ent 3%at is t%e in(e enceEF
Part 03 ,orals of Christianity

T1E 'ORAL LA". T1IS is t%at evelation o( t%e !ivine 3ill 3%ic% elates to t%e !$ties ,en o3e +ot% to t%ei 'a4e an! to t%ei (ello3.,en, o nei-%+o s, as e2)laine! L$4e 1IH##.#<. T%is la3 is s)i it$al an! )e (ect, e2ten!in- to all t%e in3a ! c eations an! o$t3a ! actions o( ,en, an! can neve +e c%an-e! o ann$lle!. Ps. 1CH<.=A P ov. #IH:.;A Ro,. <H12, 1&A Rev. 22H1=.1C. T%is la3 3as (i st 3 itten on t%e %ea ts an! consciences o( ,en, so t%at +y a ) o)e $se o( t%ei ational an! ,o al (ac$lties t%ey ,i-%t attain to a 4no3le!-e o( t%ei 3%ole !$ty. 0o%n 1HCA #H1C.2IA Ro,. 1H1C.2IA 2H1&.1:. KT3o t%in-s t%e e a e 3%ic%, t%e o(tene an! t%e ,o e stea!(astly 3e consi!e t%e,, (ill t%e ,in! 3it% an eve ne3, an eve isin- a!,i ation D1#:. "%at o( t%e ,o al la3E "%en an! 3%e e 3as t%is la3
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(i st 3 ittenEF an! eve enceH t%e STARR5 1EAVEN a+oveA t%e 'ORAL LA" 3it%in.K I,,an$el /ant. To con(i , t%is o i-inal la3 o( nat$ e, it 3as 3 itten +y t%e (in-e o( Go! in t%e (o , o( ten co,,an!,ents, an! !elive e! to 'oses on 'o$nt Sinai. E2o!. 2IH1.1<A 2&H12A #1H1=A #2H1:.1;. T%e s$,,a y o( t%is la3, as e2)laine! +y C% ist an! %is A)ostles, is s$) e,e love to Go! an! i,)a tial love to ,an. 'att. 22H#;.&IA L$4e 1IH#:.#<A Ro,. 1#HC.1IA 0a,es 2H=. T%is is t%e s$, o( eve y )a t, To love o$ Go! 3it% all o$ %ea tA T%at 3e s%o$l! love o$ nei-%+o too, An! 3%at 3e 3is% ( o, %i,, s%o$l! !o.K @Tis s%o t an! s3eet, @tis -oo! an! )lain, Easy to lea n, an! to etainH 'ay - ace !ivine o$ so$ls ene3, An! @t 3ill %e s3eet to ) actice too.K
Ch 01 D#ties 3e 45e To !od

T%ese !$ties a e +ot% inte nal an! e2te nalA t%at is, t%e e a e t%ose 3%ic% elate to o$ in3a ! ) inci)les an! !is)osition, an! t%ose D1&;. "%at ?$otation ( o, I,,an$el /antE "%e e 3as t%is la3 -iven, an! %o3, to 'osesE "%e e else !oes it a))ea in t%e Ol! Testa,entE In t%e Ne3E "%at ($ t%e is sai! o( itE *y t%e )oetEF 3%ic% elate to o$ o$t3a ! actions, 3%et%e )$+lic o ) ivate. 1. T%e Inte nal !$ties a e, D1.F S$+,ission to Go!. I Sa,. #H1=A 0o+ 1H21, 22A Ps. CA Isa. &:HC, 2#A 0a,es &H<,1:. D2.F Love to Go!. De$t. ;H:A 0os%. 22H:A P ov. =H1<A 0o%n 1&H21A Ro,. =H2=A E)%. 1H &A 0$!e 21. D#.F T $st in Go!. Ps. &H:A #<H#A ::H22A ;2H=A P ov. #H:A 1;H#A 2CH2:A Isa. 2;H&A I Pet. &H1C. D&.F Fea o( Go!. De$t. ;H2&A 1IH12A 0os%. 2&H1&A Ps. ##H=A =CH<A C;H&, CA P ov. 2#H1<A Eccl. 12H1#A 'att. 1IH2=. 2. T%e E2te nal !$ties incl$!e all t%e a))ointe! ,eans o( ) o,otin- %is eli-ion. S$c% as t%e )$+lic an! social 3o s%i) o( Go!, incl$!in- t%e ea!in- an! ) eac%in- o( %is 3o !, e2%o tation, ,$t$al conve se, t%e sac a,ent, sin-in-, an! ) aye . Ne% . =H1.12 , Ps. 1IIH1.& , 1:IH#.;A 'al. #H1; 'att 1=H2I, 2=H1C.2IA L$4e &H1:.21A Acts 1;H1#A 1<H1.#, I Co . 11H2#.2< , Col. #H1; , 1e+. 1IH2: , I Ti,. &H11.1;. D1&<. 1o3 a e o$ !$ties to Go! e2) esse!E "%at a e t%eseE "%at is t%e (i st o( t%e inte nal classE Secon!E T%i !E Fo$ t%E "%at a e t%e e2te nal !$tiesEF T%ese ,eans o( - ace a e all in!is)ensa+leA ,o e es)ecially ) aye , +y 3%ic% is ,eant t%e o((e in- $) o( o$ !esi es to Go! (o t%in-s a- eea+le to %is 3ill. EGe4. #;H#<A 0e . 2CH12.1#A I 0o%n :H1&, 1:. T%e i,)o tance o( t%is !$ty is ,ani(est ( o, t%e e2) ess co,,an!s an! ) o,ises o( Go!. Isa. ;2H;.<A ;:H2&A 0e . ##H#A EGe4. #;H#<A 0oel 2H#2A 'att. ;HC.1#A <H<.11A L$4e 1=H1.=A Ro,. 1IH12.1#A P%il. &H; , Col. &H2.#A 0a,es 1H:A :H1#.1;. T%e -ene al !$ty o( ) aye incl$!es (o$ 4in!s, o classesH Da.F 'ental ) aye , calle! t%e ) aye o( t%e so$l an! o( t%e %ea t, as !istin-$is%e! ( o, t%at 3%ic% is vocal. I Sa,. 1H12.1#, 1:A Ps. ;2H=. T%e c%ie( i,)o tance o( t%is 4in! o( ) aye is t%at it can +e )e (o ,e! at all ti,es, in all )laces, an! +y all )e sons. It is es)ecially e(e e! to in L$4e 1=H1, <A Acts 1IH2A Ro, 12H12A E)%. <H1=A I T%ess. :H1<. No )a tic$la )ost$ e o( +o!y is en>oine! as essential to acce)ta+le ) aye . *ot% sittin- an! stan!in- 3e e ) actice! +y t%e 0e3s. D1&=. A e t%ey all $se($lE "%ic% is t%e ,ost i,)o tantE 1o3
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,any )a tic$la 4in!s o( ) aye E "%at o( ,ental ) aye E Its c%ie( i,)o tanceE "%at )ost$ es a e ,entione!EF II Sa,. <H1=A 0$!-. 2IH2=A 'att. ;H:A L$4e 1=H11A e2ce)t on occasions o( !ee) conce n, 3%en 4neelin- o ) ost ation 3as co,,on. 0o+ 1H2IA II C% on. ;H1#A EG a CH:A Ps. C:H;A Dan. <H1I. T%is 3as also t%e $sa-e o( C% ist an! t%e ea ly C% istians. 'att. 2;H#CA L$4e 22H&1A Acts <H;IA 2IH#;A 21H:A E)%. #H1&. D+.F P ivate ) aye A t%e )a tic$la val$e o( 3%ic% consists in +ein- a+le to a)) oac% Go! 3it% ,o e ( ee!o,, an! $n+oso, o$ selves ,o e ($lly, t%an in any ot%e 3ay. *et3een $s an! Go! t%e e a e ) ivate, )e sonal inte estsA sins to con(ess, an! 3ants to +e s$))lie!, 3%ic% it 3o$l! +e i,) o)e to !isclose to t%e 3o l!. T%is !$ty is en(o ce! +y t%e e2a,)le o( -oo! ,en in all a-es. Gen. #2H2:, etc.A II /in-s &H##A Acts 1IH2, C, #IA an! es)ecially +y t%e teac%in- an! e2a,)le o( 0es$s. 'att. ;H;A 1&H2#A 2;H#;, etc.A 'a 4 1H#:A L$4e :H1;. Dc.F Fa,ily ) aye . T%e a+sence o( an e2) ess ) ece)t (o (a,ily 3o s%i) %as +een $ -e! a-ainst o$ o+li-ations to )e (o , it. *$t (o s$c% a ) ece)t t%e e is no necessity, since t%e !$ty is clea ly incl$!e! in t%e -ene al D1&C. "%at is ,ost co,,onE "%at o( ) ivate ) aye E Its c%ie( i,)o tanceE Fa,ily ) aye A 3%at %as +een $ -e! a-ainst itEF co,,an! to inc$lcate %o$se%ol! eli-ion, 3%ic% %as +een t%e ) actice o( t%e C%$ c% in all a-es. Gen. 1=H1CA De$t. ;H;.<A Acts 1IH2A 1;H#1.##A E)%. ;H&. D!.F P$+lic an! social ) aye A an i,)o tant )a t o( )$+lic 3o s%i). See on E2te nal !$ties to Go! T%e ) aye s o( i,)enitent sinne s a e conte,ne! o( Go!. Ps. lH1;.1<A P ov. 1H2=.2CA 2=HCA Isa. 1H1:A 0o%n CH#1A 0a,es &H#. 1e %ea s t%e )enitent. L$4e 1:H1<, etc.A 1=H C.1&.
Ch 02 D#ties To 4#r 6eighbors

*y t%e +ea$ti($l )a a+le o( t%e -oo! Sa,a itan 3e a e ta$-%t t%at t%e te , nei-%+o co,) e%en!s eve y c%il! o( ,an. L$4e 1IH2:.#<. T%is elation is in!e)en!ent o( nation, vicinity o( esi!ence, con(i-$ ation, co,)le2ion, con!ition, o eli-ion. 'al. 2H1IA P ov. 22H2A Acts 1<H 2;A Gal. #H2=. T%e 3%ole o( o$ !$ty to3a ! o$ nei-%+o is s$,,e! $) in 3%at %as +een ve y ) o)e ly calle! t%e oyal la3. 0a,es 2H=A an! o$ Savio @s -ol!en $le. 'att. <H12. T%e o+vio$s i,)o t o( t%is $le is, +ein- -$i!e! +y >$stice an! ,e cy, to !o $nto ot%e s as yo$ 3o$l! %ave ot%e s !o to yo$ 3e e yo$ ci c$,stances an! t%ei s eve se!. T%is la3, t%e e(o e, +ot% in a )ositive an! ne-ative )oint o( vie3, is e2cee!in- + oa!. Ps. 11CHC;. 1. T%is la3 o( $nive sal love (o +i!s t%e in!$l-ence o( any $n%oly te,)e o !is)osition to3a ! o$ nei-%+o , s$c% asH 1at e!, Lev, 1CH1<A I 0o%n #H1&.1:A &H2I. Envy, P ov. 2&H1A Ps. #<H1A Ro,. 1#H1#A I Pet. 1. 'alice, I Co . :H=A 1&H2IA E)%. &H#1A Col. #H=. An-e A Eccl. <HCA 'att. :H22A E)%. &H#1A Col. #H= . " at%, Ro,. 12H1CA E)%. &H2;, #1A 0a,es 1H1C. Reven-e Lev. 1CH1=A P ov. 2&H2CA Jec%. <H1IA Ro,. 12H1C. Coveto$sness, E2o!. 2IH1<A L$4e 12H1:A E)%. : H#A Col. #H:. 2. It ) o%i+its all sin($l con!$ct to3a ! o$ nei-%+o , s$c% asH '$ !e A E2o!. 2IH1#A 'att. :H21, 22A 1CH1=. Lyin- an! (alse 3itness, E2o!. 2IH1;A P ov. 2&H2=A Jec%. =H1;.1<A D1:I "%at is t%e s$, o( o$ !$ty to3a ! o$ nei-%+o calle!E "%at is t%e i,)o t o( t%is $leE Is t%is la3 e2tensiveE "%at !oes it (o +i! in o$ te,)e sE "%at in o$ con!$ctEF 'al. #H:A E)%. &H2:A Col. #HC. T%e(t, E2o!. 2IH1:A Lev. 1CH11A 'att. 1CH1=A E)%. &H2=. St i(e an! contentions, Gen. 1#H=A P ov. 2IH#A 2:H=A Ro,. 1#H=A Col. #H1#A Tit$s #HC. Le3!ness an! ! $n4ennessA E2o!. 2IH1&A 0o+ #1H1A P ov. ;H2:, 2C, #2A 2#H2I, #1.##A Isa. :H11, 22A 1a+. 2H1:.1;A 'att. :H2<.2=A Ro,. 1#H1#A 1&H21A I Pet. 2H11. Evil s)ea4in- an! evilin-, Acts 2#H:A E)%. &H#1H 0a,es &H11. O)) ession, Ps. 12H:A P ov. 2&H11.12A Isa. 1H1<A :=H;A 'al. #H:A A,os &H1A Jec%. <H1IA 0a,es :H &. Retaliation, Lev. 1CH1=A P ov. 2&H2CA I T%ess. :H1:A 'att. :H#C.&&. #. It en>oins t%e c$ltivation o( all %oly te,)e s an! !is)ositions to3a ! o$ nei-%+o sA s$c% asH Love, Lev. 1CH1=, #&A 'att. :H&&A 0o%n 1#H#&A Ro, . 12H1IA 1#H=A I Co . 1#H1.=A Gal. :H 1#.1&A Col. #H1&A 1e+. 1IH2&A 1#H1A I Pet. 2H1<A I 0o%n #H1=A &H<.=, 2I.21. Fo +ea ance, P ov. 1CH11A I Co . 1#H&.<A E)%. &H
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2A Col. #H1#A I Pet 2H1C.2#. Fo -iveness, L$4e ;H#<A 'att. 1=H21. 22A E)%. &H#2A Col. #H1#. &. It e?$i es t%e ) actice o( all -oo! !ee!s to3a ! o$ nei-%+o s, s$c% asH Goo! e2a,)le, Ne%. :HCA 'att. :H1;A Col. &H:A I Ti,. &H12A D1:1. "%at is en>oine! es)ectin- o$ te,)e s, etcE "%at a e 3e e?$i e! to ) acticeEF Tit$s 2H<.=. 1ono , Ro,. 12H1IA 1#H<A P%il. 2H#A I Pet. 2H1<. 'e cy, Dan. &H2<A 'ica% ;H=A L$4e ;H#;A Col. #H12. Pity an co,)assion, L$4e 1IH##.#<A I Pete #H=A I 0o%n #H1<. :. It es)ecially !esi-nates o$ !e)o t,ent to3a ! ce tain )a tic$la classes o( o$ nei-%+o s. s$c% asH R$le s, Acts 2#H:A Ro,. 1#H1.<A 1e+. 1#H<A I T%ess. :H12.1#A I Ti,. 2H1.#A Tit$s #H1A I Pet. 2H1#. 1<. 'aste s an! se vants, E)%. ;H:.CA Col. #H22A &H1. Pa ents an! c%il! en, E)%. ;H1.&A Col #H2I.21. 1$s+an!s an! 3ives, E)%. :H22.2:A Col. #H1=.1C. A-e!, Lev. 1CH#2A I Ti,. :H1.2A I Pet. :H:. "i!o3s an! (at%e less, E2o!. 22H22.2&A I Ti,. :H#A 0a,es 1H2<. Sic4, 0a,es 1H2<A :H1&A St an-e s, E2o!. 22H21A 1e+. 1#H2. Ene,ies, 'att. :H&&A Ro,. 12H2I. "ic4e!, Lev. 1CH1<A I Sa,. 12H2I, 2#. 1eat%en, 'att. CH#=A 2=H1C.2I.
Ch 03 D#ties To 4#rselves
1. SELF.DEFENSE a-ainst t%e !est $ctive (o ces o( nat$ e, aveno$s +easts, o ,alicio$s ,en, even to t%e e2tent o( ta4in- li(e to save o$ o3n. N$,. #:H22.2&. D1:2. "%at is t%at es)ecially !esi-nate!E "%at is sai! conce nin- sel(.!e(enseEF 2. SELF.PRESERSVATION. "e s%o$l! e( ain ( o, ,ai,in- o$ selves, e2ce)t to ) ese ve li(e, an! ( o, sel(.!est $ction. Lev. 1CH2=A 0e . 1&H;.<A &<H:. It is o$ !$ty to en!$ e all t%e ills o( li(e as !isci)lina y an! co ective o( o$ s)i it$al nat$ es. 1e+. 12H:.11A Rev. #H1C. "e a e +o$n! to e( ain ( o, sel(.to t$ e an! i-i! a$ste ities, an! (asts !et i,ental to %ealt% o( +o!y o ,in!. I Ti,. &H1.:. #. SELF.CONTROL. "e a e ,o ally +o$n! to est ain o$ nat$ al an! la3($l a))etites 3it%in t%e li,its o( eason an! conscience. T%e !esi e (o (oo! an! ! in4 is to +e in!$l-e! only so (a as ) o,otive o( %ealt%. T%e se2$al i,)$lse ,ay +e - ati(ie! only 3it%in la3($l ,a ia-eA an!, even t%en, not to t%e !et i,ent o( t%e +o!y, ,in!, an! s)i it$al nat$ e. I Co . ;H1CA CH2<. T%e la3 o( sel(.cont ol (o +i!s t%e c eation an! in!$l-ence o( enslavin- an! !e+asin- a ti(icial a))etites, s$c% as t%ose entaile! +y t%e $se o( o)i$,, to+acco, an! into2icatin- ! in4s. T%e i,)e io$s nat$ e o( t%ese a))etites + in-s t%e, into !i ect collision 3it% t%e la3 o( )$ ity, 3%ic% !e,an!s t%at t%e lo3e )a ts o( o$ D1:#. "%at is sai! conce nin- sel( ) esevationE "%at o( sel(.cont olEF nat$ e +e in s$+>ection to t%e %i-%e . Ro,. ;H12.1#A 12H1.2A I Co . ;HC.1#A P%il. #H1CA I Pet. 2H:. No ,ention is ,a!e in t%e *i+le o( !istille! o alco%olic s)i its, (o t%ese a e a late invention. T%e st on- ! in4 ( e?$ently ,entione! is t%e into2icatin- ci!e an! +ee o( ,o!e n ti,es. T%is, to-et%e 3it% into2icatin- 3ine, as a +eve a-e is al3ays con!e,ne! eit%e )ositively o +y i,)licationH Lev. 1IHCA N$,. ;H#.&A De$t. 2CH ;A #2H##A 0$!-. 1#H &, <, 1&A I Sa,. 1H1#.1:A 2:H#;.#=A II Sa,. 1#H2=A Est%e 1H1IA <H<A P ov. 2IH1A 2#H2C.#2A #1H &.:A Isa. :H11, 22A 2&HCA 2=H1, <A :;H12A 0e . #:H:.;A EGe4. &&H21A Dan. 1H=A :H1.&A 1osea #H1A 0oel 1H:A #H2A 'ica% 2H 11A ;H1:A 1a+. 2H:, 1:.1;A L$4e 1H1:A 2CH#&A Ro,. 1#H1#A I Co . ;H1IA Gal. :H21A E)%. :H1=A I Ti,. #H#, =. T%at ce tain 3ines 3e e $se! in Sc i)t$ e ti,es 3%ic% 3e e not into2icatin- o in>$ io$s, +$t si,)ly c%ee in- an! ) o,otive o( %ealt%, a))ea s, (i st, ( o, +ein- !esi-nate! +y a !i((e ent 1e+ e3 3o !A an! secon!ly, ( o, t%e (avo a+le e(e ence to s$c% 3ine, 0$!-. CH1#A Ps. 1I&H1:A Sol. Son- =H2A Isa. ::H1A an! D1:&. "%at is sai! a+o$t t%e $se o( into2icatin- li?$o s, incl$!in- 3inesE O( ce tain ot%e 3inesEF )a tic$la ly ( o, its +ein- co,,en!e! to t%e in(i , as an occasional tonic o (o so,e sanative )$ )ose, not as a co,,on ! in4 I Ti, :H2#. T%e $se o( 3ine as a +eve a-e is, +y so,e, !e(en!e! +y t%e act o( 0es$s in sanctionin- t%e ) actice +y ,i ac$lo$sly ) ovi!in- a s$))ly at t%e ,a ia-e in Cana. 0o%n 2H1.11. *$t it !oes not a))ea t%at t%e 3ine (i st $se! at t%at (east 3as into2icatin-A ,$c% less t%at 3%ic% 0es$s s$))lie!, calle! t%e -oo!
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3ine. It 3as, (a ,o e li4ely, a sa,)le li4e t%at 3%ic% t%e Go! o( nat$ e ,a4es in t%e vine, calle! t%e )$ e >$ice o( t%e - a)e. De$t. #2H1&. T%e !$ty o( total a+stinence ( o, all into2icants is (o$n!e!, not on t%e la3 o( a+sol$te ,o ality, +$t on t%e e?$i e,ents o( ) $!ential ,o ality. T%is in%i+its acts not in t%e,selves sin($l, +$t +eco,in- sin($l 3%en %a+it$ally ) actice! +y o$ selves, o +y ot%e s (ollo3in- o$ e2a,)le. Ro,. 1&H21A I Co . =HC.1#A 1IH#1.##. T%e $se o( to+acco an! o)i$,, as a ,o!e o( sel(.in!$l-ence, is con!e,ne! +y all t%e Sc i)t$ es 3%ic% e?$i e )%ysical as 3ell as s)i it$al sancti(ication o )$ ity, an! t%at 3e D1::. 1o3 is t%e $se o( 3ine !e(en!e! +y so,eE 1o3 is t%is e($te!E "%at o( ot%e into2icantsEF s%o$l! eat an! ! in4 to t%e -lo y o( Go!. Ro,. 12H1.2A I Co . 1IH#1A II Co . <H1A E)%. :H&A 0a,es 1H21. T%e !$ty o( sel(.cont ol e?$i es t%e s$)) ession o( ino !inate a,+ition o l$st (o %ono o )o3e A also t%e e2tinction o( coveto$sness, o t%e !esi e to a,ass 3ealt% ( o, sel(is% ,otives. E2o!. 2IH1<A 0os%. <H21A L$4e 12H1:A Col. #H:. T%is !$ty also e?$i es t%e )e (ect ,aste y o( o$ )assions an! te,)e s as !e o-ato y to s)i it$al e2cellence. E)%. &H#1A Col. #H=A 0a,es #H1&A II Pete 1H;. &. SELF.C7LT7RE. T%is e,+ aces t%e ) o)e ca e an! e2e cise o( t%e +o!y, as t%e a+o!e o( t%e so$lA an! +y ) o)e attention to !iet, ! ess, cleanliness, an! slee), an! to t%e e!$cation o( t%e intellect$al (ac$lties, t%$s enla -in- o$ ca)acities (o $se($lness an! en>oy,ent. On ,o al nat$ e o conscience ,$st +e !evelo)e!, +ot% in its !isc i,inatin- an! i,)ellin- )o3e , +y i-%t !oin-, an! +y t%e st$!y an! i,itation o( t%e +est e2a,)lesA 3%ile o$ s)i it$al nat$ e is to +e !evelo)e! an! )$ i(ie! +y t%e a+i!in- o( t%e 1oly S)i it 3it%in $s. I T%ess. :H2#A 1e+. :H1&. D1:;. "%at ($ t%e is e?$i e! +y t%e !$ty o( sel(.cont olE "%at is sai! o( sel(.c$lt$ e as a !$tyEF
Part 0$ 7nstit#tions of Christianity
Ch 01 ,arriage
"1EN Go! %a! ,a!e ,an %e sai!, Kit is not -oo! t%at %e s%o$l! +e alone,K an!, acco !in-ly, %e ,a!e a K%el) ,eetK (o %i,A t%at is, ,an@s co$nte )a t, one e2actly a!a)te! to %i, +ot% in +o!y an! ,in!A not a se)a ate +ein-, +$t ,a!e o$t o( a )a t o( ,an %i,sel(A so t%at, 3%en ) esente! to %i,, %e sa3 t%e )e son to +e a secon! sel(, %avin- t%e sa,e nat$ e, t%e sa,e )%ysical )o3e s, ,ental (ac$lties, an! inaliena+le i-%ts. Gen. 2H<, 1=, 21.2&. A!a, acco !in-ly calle! %is co$nte )a t 3o,an, s%e !i((e in- ( o, ,an in se2 only, not in nat$ e o ?$ality. *ot% +ea in co,,on t%e na,e A!a,, o ,an. Gen. 1H2;.2<A :H2. "e (in! in t%is a an-e,ent t%e ca$se an! o i-in o( ,a ia-eH 1. Go! ) ono$nce! t%e state o( celi+acy not a -oo! one. Gen. 2H1=. D1:;. Is ,a ia-e a !ivine instit$tionE "%at 3as its ca$se an! o i-inEF 2. 1e ,a!e t%e 3o,an o$t o( t%e ,an, t%at ,an ,i-%t eve consi!e an! t eat %e as a )a t o( %i,sel(. Gen. 2H2#.2&A E)%. :H2=.2C, ##. #. 'a ia-e is t%e e(o e ) ono$nce! a -oo! t%in-, P ov. 1=H22A an! %ono a+le in all. 1e+. 1#H&. To teac% an! ) actice ot%e 3ise is to -ive %ee! to se!$cin- s)i its, an! t%e !oct ine o( !evils. I Ti,. &H1.#. T%e e ,ay +e, 3it% so,e, -oo! easons (o a+stainin- ( o, ,a ia-eA t%ese a e e2ce)tions to t%e -ene al $le. 'att. 1CH1.12A I Co . <H2,<.C, 2=. Go! %as not ) o%i+ite! t%e inte ,a ia-e o( any o( t%e %$,an (a,ily on acco$nt o( ace, an4, o co,)le2ionA +$t, on t%e cont a y, %e %as si-nally !eno$nce! all ) e>$!ice a-ainst t%e ) actice. N$,. 12A De$t. 2&HC. C% istianity )laces all on a level. Col. #H11.
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T%e ) o%i+ition o( t%e inte ,a ia-e o( ve y nea 4in! e! in Lev. 1=H;.1=, - o$n!e! as it is on $nive sal an! )e ,anent ) inci)les, 3as not e)eale! +y C% ist. All t%at is ,o al in t%e Levitical la3 is still in (o ce. L$4e 1;H1<. T%is ) o%i+ition is so,e3%at ,o al. D1:<. Is ,a ia-e t%e e(o e -oo! an! %ono a+leE "%at is sai! o( t%ose 3%o teac% an! ) actice ot%e 3iseE A e t%e e any e2ce)tions to t%e -ene al $leE Is inte ,a ia-e, on acco$nt o( ace, etc., !ivinely ) o%i+ite!E Is t%e inte ,a ia-e o( nea 4in! e! (o +i!!enEF 'a ia-e is li,ite! to one ,an an! one 3o,an, t%at is, at t%e sa,e ti,e, 'att. 2i2, :A E)%. :H#1A I Ti,. #H2, 12A an! )oly-a,y, o( co$ se, is st ictly (o +i!!en, De$t. 1<H1<A I /in-s 11H 1.&A as is !ivo ce, e2ce)t (o one ca$se only, 'att. :H#2A 1CH;.CA Ro,. <H2.#A yet se)a ation 3it%o$t e.,a ia-e, in ce tain e2t e,e cases, is allo3e!. I Co . <H1I.1<A P ov. 21H1CA A,os #H#.
Ch 02 The 1abbath
*y t%is is ,eant, 1. T%e !ay a))ointe! o( Go!, at t%e close o( c eation, to +e o+se ve! +y ,an as a !ay o( est ( o, all sec$la e,)loy,ent, +eca$se t%at in it Go! %i,sel( %a! este! ( o, %is 3o 4. Gen. 2H1.#. Not t%at Go!@s est 3as necessitate! +y (ati-$e, Isa. &IH2=A +$t %e este!, t%at is, cease! to 3o 4, on t%e sevent% !ay as an e2a,)le to ,anA %ence assi-ne! it as a eason 3%y ,en s%o$l! est on t%at !ay. E2o!. 2IH11A #1H1<. Go!@s +lessin- an! sancti(yin- t%e !ay, ,eant t%at %e se)a ate! it ( o, a co,,on to a eli-io$s $se, to +e a )e )et$al D1:=. "%at is sai! o( )oly-a,yE O( se)a ationE Is t%e Sa++at% a !ivine instit$tionE "%en a))ointe!E Fo 3%at easonE "%at is ,eant +y Go!@s sancti(yinitEF ,e,o ial o si-n t%at all 3%o t%$s o+se ve! it 3o$l! s%o3 t%e,selves to +e t%e 3o s%i)e s o( t%at Go! 3%o ,a!e t%e 3o l! in si2 !ays an! este! on t%e sevent% E2o!. 2IH=, 11A #1H1;.1<A Isa. :;H;, <. 2. T%e Sa++at% is in!is)ensa+le to ,an, +ein- ) o,otive o( %is %i-%est -oo!, )%ysically, intellect$ally, socially, s)i it$ally, an! ete nally. 1ence its o+se vance is connecte! 3it% t%e +est o( ) o,ises, an! its violation 3it% t%e seve est )enalties. E2o!. 2#H12A #1H12.1=A Ne%. 1#H1:.22A Isa. :;H2. <A :=H1#, 1&A 0e . 1<H21.2<A EGe4. 2IH12.1#A 22H2;.#1. Its sanctity 3as ve y !istinctly ,a 4e! in t%e -at%e in- o( t%e ,anna. E2o!. 1;H22.#I. #. T%e o i-inal la3 o( t%e Sa++at% 3as ene3e! an! ,a!e a ) o,inent )a t o( t%e ,o al la3, o ten co,,an!,ents, -iven t% o$-% 'oses at Sinai. E2o!. 2IH=.11. &. T%is sevent%.!ay Sa++at% 3as st ictly o+se ve! +y C% ist an! %is a)ostles ) evio$s to %is c $ci(i2ion. 'a 4. &H2A L$4e &H1;, #1A 1#H1IA Acts 1H12.1&A 1#H1&, &2, &&A 1<H2A 1=H&. D1:C. Is t%e o+se vance o( t%e Sa++at% ) o,otive o( ,an@s %i-%est -oo!E "%at a e so,e o( t%e ) o,ises an! )enalties connecte! 3it% its o+se vanceE "%e e 3as t%is la3 ene3e! an! 3 ittenE "as t%e o i-inal Sa++at% eve o+se ve! +y C% ist an! %is a)ostlesEF :. 0es$s, a(te %is es$ ection, c%an-e! t%e Sa++at% ( o, t%e sevent% to t%e (i st !ay o( t%e 3ee4A t%$s s%o3in- %is a$t%o ity as Lo ! even o( t%e Sa++at%, 'att. 12H=A not to a+ o-ate o + ea4 it, +$t to ) esi!e ove an! ,o!i(y, o -ive ne3 (o , to it, so as to %ave it co,,e,o ate %is es$ ection, 3%en %e cease! ( o, %is e!ee,in- 3o 4 as Go! !i! ( o, %is c eation 3o 4. 1e+.&H1I. "%en 0es$s -ave inst $ctions (o t%is c%an-e 3e a e not tol!, +$t ve y li4ely !$ in- t%e ti,e 3%en %e s)a4e to %is a)ostles o( t%e t%in-s )e tainin- to %is 4in-!o,. Acts 1H#. T%is is ) o+a+ly one o( t%e ,any $n eco !e! t%in-s 3%ic% 0es$s !i!. 0o%n 2IH#IA 21H2:. ;. T%at t%e Sa++at% 3as act$ally c%an-e! ( o, t%e sevent% to t%e (i st !ay o( t%e 3ee4 a))ea s ( o, t%e e2a,)le o( t%e a)ostles, 3%o, a(te t%e es$ ection o( C% ist, cele+ ate! t%e (i st !ay as a Sa++at% . 0o%n 2IH1C, 2;A Acts 2IH<A I Co . 1;H2. 1ence t%is is calle! T%e Lo !@s !ay. Rev. 1H1I. On t%is !ay 0es$s a))ea e! to %is a)ostles a 3ee4 ( o, %is es$ ection. T%e 1oly S)i it 3as -iven on t%is !ay at t%e Feast o( Pentecost. T%e Lo !@s S$))e 3as cele+ ate! on t%is !ay. I Co . 11H2IA 1;H1.2A Acts 2IH;.11. D1;I. "%e e an! 3%y !i! %e c%an-e t%e Sa++at% ( o, t%e sevent% to t%e (i st !ay o( t%e 3ee4E "%at ot%e evi!encesEF
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In Col. 2H1;.1<, Pa$l )lainly !ecla es t%at t%e !isci)les o( 0es$s a e not $n!e o+li-ation to o+se ve t%e sevent% !ay, o 0e3is% Sa++at%. 5et t%is !i! not elease t%e, ( o, 4ee)in- a Sa++at%, since t%is is a !ivine instit$tion -iven to t%e %$,an ace in t%e )e sons o( A!a, an! Eve. T%e Lo !@s !ay is t%e only %oly !ay o( t%e ea ly C% istian C%$ c%. <. "e a e no3%e e tol! 3%at ti,e o( t%e !ay t%e Sa++at% s%all co,,ence, (o t%e o+vio$s eason t%at t%e sa,e !ay !oes not co,,ence at t%e sa,e ti,e in all )a ts o( t%e ea t%. 7n!e s$c% ci c$,stances it is sa(e an! e2)e!ient (o $s to con(o , o$ ec4onin- o( t%e !ays to t%at 3%ic% ) evails in t%e co$nt y 3%e e 3e live. Ro,. 1&H:.;. =. All 3o 4s o( ,e cy an! necessity, s$c% as a!,iniste in- to t%e elie( o( t%e s$((e in- o( ,an o +east, 3%en s$c% 3o 4s cannot +e ) o)e ly !e(e e!, a e consistent 3it% t%e i-%t o+se vance o( t%e Sa++at%. 'a 4 2H2#.2<A #H2.:A L$4e 1#H1I.1<A 0o%n :H1;.2IA <H22.2#. D1;1. "as t%e 0e3is% sa++at% eve a(te o+se ve! +y t%e C% ist C%$ c% as t%e Sa++at%E "%at ot%e evi!ence o( t%e 0e3is% Sa++at% +ein- 4e)t as %oly ti,eE Is t%e e2act ti,e o( !ay (o t%e Sa++at% to co,,ence any3%e e e?$i e!E "%at is sai! es)ectin- 3o 4s o( ,e cy on t%e Sa++at%EF T%e Sa++at%, as a !ay o( est an! %oly se vice, is a ty)e o( %eaven, into 3%ic% none +$t t%e t $ly (ait%($l an! %oly can ente . 1e+. &H1.l1A 12H1&A Rev. 1&H1#A 22H1&.1:. It is t%e !$ty o( t%e civil )o3e to ) otect C% istians a-ainst !ist$ +ance in t%ei Sa++at% 3o s%i). *$t t%e )o3e is int $!in- into t%e !ivine ) e o-ative 3%en it ass$,es t%e i-%t to co,)el t%e s$+>ect to 3o s%i) Go!, o to e( ain ( o, t%ose )$ s$its 3%ic% !o not !ist$ + ot%e s. T%e 4ee)ino( t%e Sa++at% is e,inently a ,o al !$ty, an! %ence it ,$st +e a vol$nta y se vice en!e e! $n!e t%e ) ess$ e o( ,o al s$asives only. As t%e Sa++at% is o( vast $tility in ) ese vin- t%e 4no3le!-e an! 3o s%i) o( Go!, an! t%e e+y ) o,otin- t%e te,)o al an! s)i it$al 3el(a e, t%e ) esent an! ($t$ e %a))iness o( ,an4in!, it is o$ !$ty to ,a4e eve y e2e tion to ) event its violation, +y inc$lcatin- t%ose ,o al ) inci)les 3%ic% $n!e lie its acce)ta+le o+se vance. D1;2. "%at is sai! o( t%e civil )o3e E O( 3%at is t%e Sa++at% a ty)eE "%at is o$ !$ty in vie3 o( its $tilityE "%at to t%ose 3%o e-a ! less its sac e!nessE "%yEF At t%e sa,e ti,e 3e s%o$l! avoi! an $nc%a ita+le con!e,nation o( t%ose 3%o %ave +een e!$cate! in C% istian co$nt ies 3%e e P$ itanic st ictness in e-a ! to t%e Sa++at% !oes not ) evail. On no ot%e ,o al ?$estion is t%e e - o$n! (o so ,$c% (o +ea ance an! e2e cise o( c%a ita+le >$!-,ent.
Ch 03 The Ch#rch.
T%e C%$ c% o( Go!, in its !istinctive c%a acte , is to +e e-a !e! as -ene al o )a tic$la , visi+le o invisi+le, ,ilitant o t i$,)%ant. T%e -ene al C%$ c% !enotes t%e enti e +o!y o( C% istian +elieve s in eve y )e io! o( ti,e, on ea t% an! in %eaven. E)%. #H1:. *y a )a tic$la C%$ c% is ,eant an asse,+ly o( C% istians o( any )a tic$la !eno,ination, $nite! to-et%e (o t%e 3o s%i) o( Go!, in acco !ance 3it% t%ei !istinct vie3s. I Co . 12H12, 2:,2<. *y t%e visi+le C%$ c% is inten!e! all t%ose 3%o %ave o)enly an! ( eely ) o(esse! C% istianity, an! %ave ente e! into covenant 3it% Go! an! %is )eo)le acco !in-ly. I Co . 1H2A 1;H1.1C. D1;#. 1o3 is t%e C%$ c% o( Go! to +e e-a !e!E "%at is t%e -ene al C%$ c%E "%at is a )a tic$la C%$ c%E T%e visi+leE Invisi+leEF *y t%e invisi+le C%$ c% is $n!e stoo! all t%ose 3%o a e 4no3n o( C% ist as +elon-in- to %i,, 3%et%e t%ey %ave >oine! t%e visi+le C%$ c% o not. II Ti,. 2#H1C. T%e )eo)le o( Go! on ea t% a e calle! t%e C%$ c% ,ilitant, an! t%ose in %eaven t%e C%$ c% t i$,)%ant. E)%. #H1:A 1e+. 12H22.2&. T%e t $e C%$ c%, +ot% on ea t% an! in %eaven, is co,)ose! only o( t $e C% istians, t%ose 3%o a e ($lly con(o ,e! to C% ist. E)%. &H12.1#A :H2;.2<A 1e+. 12H22.2&A I 0o%n #H2.#A Rev. 1CH<.=. T%ose connecte! 3it% t%e ,ilitant C%$ c%, 3%o a e ,e ely no,inal C% istians, 3ill +e e2cl$!e!
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( o, t%e C%$ c% t i$,)%ant. 'att. 1#H#;.&#, &<.:IA 22H1.1&. T%e !esi-n o( t%e C%$ c% is t%e ) o,otion o( t%e C% istian eli-ion in all t%e 3o l!, t% o$-% t%e %oly e2a,)le o( +elieve s an! ) eac%in- o( t%e Gos)el. T%e (o$n!ation an! %ea! o( t%e C%$ c% is C% ist. 'att. 1;H1=A I Co . #H11A E)%. 1H 22A 2H 2I.22A :H2#.2&. 1is a)ostles 3e e (o$n!ations in a secon!a y sense, Rev. 21H1&A D1;&. "%at o( t%e C%$ c% ,ilitantE T i$,)%antE "%at a e t%e ?$ali(ications (o t%e t $e C%$ c% on ea t% an! in %eavenE O( 3%at !esi-n is t%is instit$tion on ea t%E "%o is t%e (o$n!ation o( t%e C%$ c%E In 3%at sense a e t%e a)ostles an! ot%e s s$c%EF as a e all t%e ) o)%etsA t%at is, eve y class o( C% istian teac%e s. E)%. 2H2IA &H11. T%ese constit$te t%e t $e C%$ c%, 3%ic% is t%e )illa an! - o$n! o( t%e t $t%, I Ti,. #H1:A t%at is, t%e a))ointe! ,eans o( $)%ol!in- an! ) o)a-atin- C% istian t $t% t% o$-%o$t t%e 3o l! 'att. 2=H1C. 2IA :H1#.1;A I Co . #HC.1IA E)%. &H11.1;A Ro,. 1IH1&.1<A Rev. 22H1<.
Ch 0$ The 1acra*ents.
A. *APTIS'. *y t%is is ,eant t%e a))lication o( 3ate to a )e son as a sac a,ent o eli-io$s ce e,ony. A 4in! o( +a)tis, o a+l$tion 3as ) actice! a,on- t%e 0e3s as a sy,+ol o( )$ i(ication. II /in-s :H1.1&. T%is 3as es)ecially e?$i e! o( t%ose 3%o 3e e in!$cte! into t%e ) iestly o((ice. E2o!. 2CH&A Lev. =H:.;A N$,. =H:.<. It 3as in con(o ,ity to t%is la3 t%at 0es$s 3as +a)tiGe!, 'att. #H1#.1:A %ence not till %e 3as t%i ty yea s o( a-e. Co,)a e N$,. &H#,&<A L$4e #H21, 2#. 0o%n@s +a)tis, +y 3ate 3as int o!$cto y to t%e %i-%e +a)tis, o( t%e S)i it, instit$te! +y C% ist. 'att. #H11A Acts 1H:A 1CH#.:. D1;:. "%at is +a)tis,E "%at is sai! o( 0e3is% +a)tis,sE O( t%e +a)tis, o( C% istE 0o%n@s +a)tis,EF 1e 3as calle! t%e *a)tist, o +a)tiGe , +eca$se s)ecially sent (o t%is )$ )ose. 0o%n 1H##. C% ist, ve y ea ly in %is ,inist y, +a)tiGe! +y 3ate t% o$-% %is a)ostles, 0o%n #H22, 2;A &H1.2A an! >$st +e(o e %is ascension, co,,an!e! t%e, to ,a4e !isci)les in all nations +a)tiGin- t%e, in t%e na,e o( t%e 1oly T inity. 'att. 2=H1C.2I. T%ence(o t% t%e ) actice eve ) evaile! as a ite o ce e,ony o( initiation into t%e visi+le C%$ c% o( C% ist. Acts 2H#=, &1A =H#;.#=A 1IH&<.&=A I Co . 12H1#. It is t%e !$ty, t%e e(o e, o( all 3%o %ave t $e (ait% in C% ist to $nite 3it% %is visi+le C%$ c% an!, +y so !oin-, ,a4e t%at Kcon(ession +e(o e ,enK on 3%ic% C% ist, t%e %ea! o( t%e C%$ c%, %as lai! so ,$c% st ess. 'att. 1IH#2, ##. 'o eove , +y atten!in- to t%is !$ty 3e a e ena+le! to s%a e in t%e o$t3a ! o !inances o( t%e Gos)el 3%ic% C% ist %as co,,an!e! %is !isci)les to eceive, an! a e accele atin- t%e ($l(ill,ent o( t%ose ) o,ises 3%ic% elate to t%e (inal !estination o( t%e C%$ c%. Isa. 2H1.&A 'att. 1;H1=A Ps. 2H=, etc. D1;;. Di! C% ist )e sonally +a)tiGe +y 3ate E Di! %e a$t%o iGe %is ,iniste s to !o itE Di! it eve a(te ) evail as a ite o( initiation into t%e c%$ c%E O( 3%at is it t%e si-n o sy,+olEF *y ente in- t%e C%$ c% t% o$-% +a)tis, 3e a e cont i+$tin- to ,a4e C% istianity a visi+le instit$tion on ea t%, as it 3as !esi-ne! to +e +y its Divine Fo$n!e . 'att. :H1&.1;A 1=H1<A Acts 2H&1.&<A P%il. 2H1:.1;. As to t%e s$+>ects o( +a)tis,, in(ants an! all +elievin- a!$lts 3%o %ave not +een +a)tiGe! +e(o e a e consi!e e! ) o)e can!i!ates. T%at a!$lts ,$st +elieve in o !e to +a)tis, is evi!ent ( o, t%e (act t%at t%e Sc i)t$ es e?$i e (ait% in s$c%, an! t%at s$c% as !i! +elieve 3e e +a)tiGe!. 'a 4. 1;H1;A Acts 2H&1A =H12, #<A 1;H#1.##. "%en t%e Sc i)t$ es s)ea4 o( (ait% as necessa y to +a)tis,, o salvation, t%ey e(e solely to a!$lts, o t%ose 3%o a e ca)a+le o( +elievin-. 'a 4 1;H1;. T%at t%e e?$i e,ent o( (ait% cannot e(e to in(ants is evi!ent ( o, t%e (act, t%at a 3ant o( t $e
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(ait%, 3%ic% !is?$ali(ies (o +a)tis,, e2cl$!es also ( o, salvation. 'a 4 1;H1;A 0o%n #H1=, #;. T%at in(ants a e ) o)e s$+>ects o( +a)tis, is evi!ent, +eca$se,. a. T%e C% istian C%$ c% is a contin$ation o( t%e 0e3is% C%$ c%, an! t%e covenant e,ains t%e sa,e, t%o$-% t%e seal, o to4en o( it, is c%an-e!. 1e+. =H;.1#. D1;<. "%o a e t%e s$+>ects o( +a)tis,E "%y ,$st a!$lts +elieve in o !e to +e +a)tiGe!E Does t%is (ait% e(e solely to a!$ltsE "%yE 1o3 is in(ant +a)tis, ) ove! as sc i)t$ alEF +. T%e to4en o( t%e covenant in t%e (o ,e C%$ c% 3as ci c$,cision. T%is 3as, +y Divine co,,an!, a!,iniste e! to in(ants, an! t%e e+y t%ey 3e e constit$te! ,e,+e s o( t%e C%$ c% Gen. 1<HC.1&. c. *a)tis, is no3 s$+stit$te! (o ci c$,cisionA an! as t%e i-%t o( in(ants to C%$ c% ,e,+e s%i) 3as neve ta4en a3ay, it is a -$e! t%at t%ey s%o$l! still eceive t%e to4en o( t%e covenant. Col. 2H1I.12. I( t%e c%il! en o( +elievin- 0e3s %a! +een e2cl$!e! ( o, t%e ne3 covenant, so - eat a c$ tail,ent o( i-%ts 3o$l! %ave a3a4ene! !isc$ssionA +$t t%o$-% ,atte s o( ,ino i,)o tance 3e e !isc$sse!, t%is - eat ?$estion neve a ose, Acts 21H2IA %ence t%e in(e ence t%at c%il! en 3e e not e2cl$!e! ( o, t%e ne3 covenant. !. T%at in(ants a e to +e eceive! into t%e C%$ c%, an! as s$c% +a)tiGe!, is also in(e e! ( o, t%e (ollo3in- Sc i)t$ esH Isa. &&H#A :CH21A 0oel 2H2=A 'att. 1=H1.&A 1CH1#.1&A Acts 2H#=.#CA I Co . <H1&. e. T%e ) actice o( t%e A)ostles is ($ t%e ) oo(, as a))ea s ( o, t%e eco ! o( t%ei +a)tis,s.not less t%an (o$ %o$se%ol!s o (a,ilies a e eco !e! as +a)tiGe!H t%at o( Co neli$s, o( Ly!ia, o( t%e 0aile , an! o( Ste)%anas. D1;=. Fi st ) oo(E Secon!E T%i !E Fo$ t%E Fi(t%EF "%en 3e consi!e t%at ol! )eo)le a e not easily conve te!, t%e e is a st on- ) o+a+ility t%at t%ose 3e %ave en$,e ate! 3e e co,)a atively yo$n-, an! t%at t%e e 3e e in(ants in t%ei (a,ilies. Acts 1;H1:, ##A I Co . 1H1;. (. All ancient 3 ite s o( !istinction e(e to its ) actice +y t%e a)ostlesA no 3as it !enie! o cont ove te! +y any till t%e t3el(t% cent$ y a(te C% ist, 3%en t%e sect calle! "al!enses !enie! t%e ite to in(ants, on t%e +elie( t%at all s$c% 3e e !a,ne!.a !oct ine not o( C% ist s$ ely, L$4e 2viii, 1:.1<, +$t o( !evils, I Ti,. iv, 1A 2 Pet. ii, 1. -. Only one %$n! e! an! (i(ty yea s a(te t%e !eat% o( St. 0o%n, a co$ncil o( si2ty.si2 +is%o)s $nani,o$sly !eci!e! t%at Kt%e +a)tis, o( in(ants 3as not to +e !elaye! to t%e ei-%t% !ay a(te t%e +i t%, as ci c$,cision %a! +een, +$t ,i-%t +e -iven t%e, at any ti,e +e(o e.K T%e ?$estion t%ey !eci!e! 3as, not 3%et%e in(ants s%o$l! +e +a)tiGe!, +$t 3%et%e t%ey s%o$l! +e +a)tiGe! +e(o e t%ey 3e e ei-%t !ays ol!. %. It is t $e t%e e is no )ositive co,,an! (o in(ant +a)tis,, no is t%e e any a-ainst it, as t%e e s%o$l! %ave +een i( C% ist inten!e! to a+ i!-e t%e i-%ts o( 0e3is% )a ents $n!e t%e A+ a%a,ic covenant. D1;C. Si2t% ) oo(E Sevent%E Ei-%tEFNo is t%e e any (o 4ee)in- %oly t%e (i st !ay o( t%e 3ee4, o (o (a,ily !evotion, o (o 3o,en to eceive t%e Lo !@s S$))e . T%e easons a e o+vio$sA t%e e 3as no cont ove sy in eit%e case t%at calle! (o it. i. All 3%o t%$s !e!icate t%ei c%il! en to Go!, eit%e in ci c$,cision o in +a)tis,, a e s$))ose! to ta4e $)on t%e, t%e e?$isite o+li-ation o( t ainin- t%e, to t%e se vice o( Go!, +y teac%in- t%e, in all t%e !oct ines an! !$ties o( t%e t $e eli-ion. De$t. ;H<A Gen. 1=H1CA E)%. ;H1, &. T%e ,o!e o( +a)tis, is no3%e e in Sc i)t$ e )a tic$la ly s)eci(ie!. T%e co,,an! is to +a)tiGe, 3it%o$t !esi-natin- t%e ,o!e. T%e ,o!e, t%e e(o e, is not essential, o , i( it +e essential, it 3o$l! see, t%at )o$ in- o s) in4lin- is t%e ) o)e ,o!e, since 3ate +a)tis, is t%e sy,+ol o( s)i it$al +a)tis,, 3%ic% is $ni(o ,ly e2) esse! +y t%e te ,s s) in4lin- o )o$ in-. Isa. &&H#A EGe4. #;H 2:A 0oel 2H2=A Acts 2H1=, ##A I Co . 1IH1.2A Tit$s #H:.;A 1e+. 1IH22A 12H2&. D1<I. "%at is e2)ecte! o( t%ose 3%o t%$s !e!icate t%ei c%il! enE Is any )a tic$la ,o!e o( +a)tis, en>oine!E "%at ,o!e see,s ,ost ) o)e EF T%e ,o!e o( i,,e sion is $n(avo a+le to $nive sal ) actice, 3%ile t%e ot%e ,o!es can +e )e (o ,e! in any )lace, at any ti,e o season o( t%e yea , an! to any )e sonH in t%e !ese t 3aste, o in t%e city ($llA +y t%e si!e o( 0o !an, at t%e %o$se o( Co neli$s, in P%i1i))i@s ) ison, +y t%e )enitent@s c oss, o on t%e +e! o( sic4ness an! !eat%. *esi!es, +a)tis, +y a(($sion o s) in4lin- ,ay al3ays ta4e )lace 3it% !ecency, ,o!esty, an! sa(ety, 3%ic% is not t $e o( i,,e sion, as t%o$san!s co$l! testi(y. It is sai! D'att. #H;F t%at 0o%n +a)tiGe! Kin 0o !anAK +$t t%e G ee4 3o ! %e e en!e e! in is o(ten an! ,o e ) o)e ly en!e e! at an! +y, es)ecially 3%en $se! in connection 3it% a ive , as %e e. I /in-s 1<H#, :A II /in-s 2;.<A 2#H;. T%e 3o !s t%e e(o e in!icate, not t%e ,o!e, +$t t%e )lace only o(
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+a)tiGin-, na,ely, one o( t%e +an4s o( 0o !an, o( 3%ic% t%e e 3e e seve al. 0os%$a #H1:A &H1=A I C% on. 12H1:. T%e )% ases K3ent !o3n into,K an! Kca,e $) o$t o(, t%e 3ate ,K DActs =H#=, #C,F a e no ) oo( o( i,,e sion, (o t%e e2) essions a))ly ali4e to t%e e$n$c% an! P%ili), t%e +a)tiGe! an! t%e +a)tiGe . So also in t%e case o( C% ist@s +a)tis,. 'att. #H1;. D1<1. "%y s%o$l! i,,e sion not +e ) actice!E "%at is sai! es)ectin- 0o%n@s +a)tiGin- in 0o !anE O( t%e +a)tis, o( t%e e$n$c%EF T%e )% ase K+$ ie! 3it% C% ist +y +a)tis,K is (i-$ ative, as a e t%e e2) essions K)lante!K an! Kc $ci(ie!K 3it% %i,, all !enotin- si,)ly t%e co,)leteness o( t%e +elieve @s s)i it$al $nion 3it% C% ist, in 3%ic% %e is ,a!e a )a ta4e o( t%e +ene(it o( %is s$((e in-, !eat% , an! es$ ection. Ro,ans ;H#.=A P%il. #H1I.11A Col. 2H12. *. T1E LORD@S S7PPER Is t%at %oly o !inance in 3%ic% t%e s$((e in-s an! !eat% o( C% ist a e co,,e,o ate!A instit$te! +y C% ist %i,sel( on t%at ,e,o a+le ni-%t in 3%ic% %e 3as +et aye!. I Co . 11H2#, etc. T%e ele,ents $se! in t%is instit$tion a e + ea! an! 3ine, 3%ic% a e !esi-ne! to e) esent t%e + o4en +o!y an! s%e! +loo! o( 0es$s C% ist in +e%al( o( sin($l ,an. I Co . 11H2#, etc. T%e s)ecial !esi-n o( t%is instit$tion is, to ) ese ve a - ate($l an! a((ectionate e,e,+ ance o( t%e +lesse! Savio . D1<2. "%at is ,eant +y +ein- +$ ie! 3it% C% ist +y +a)tis,E "%at is t%e Lo !@s S$))e E "%en 3as it instit$te!E "%at a e t%e ) o)e ele,entsE "%at !o t%ey e) esentE "%at is t%e s)ecial !esi-n o( t%is sac a,entEF It is a ,e,o ial o( %is !eat%, an! it e2) esses t%e -$ilt an! 3 etc%e!ness o( ,an, an! t%e - ace o( Go! in %is salvation. T%e o+li-ations to o+se ve t%is instit$tion a e - atit$!e, )e sonal +ene(it, t%e %ono an! co,,an! o( C% ist, an! t%e ) actice o( t%e a)ostles an! ) i,itive C% istians. Ps. 11;H12.1#A 'att. 1IH#2.##A L$4e 22H1C. T%is sac a,ent s%o$l! +e a!,iniste e! +y e-$la ly constit$te! ,iniste s o( t%e Gos)el, 3%o a e to )e (o , it in t%ei o((icial ca)acity. T%is o !inance is !esi-ne! only (o visi+le C% istians in e-$la C%$ c% stan!in-, o( 3%ateve !eno,ination. T%at 3e ,ay 3o t%ily )a ta4e o( t%is s$))e , it is ) o)e t%e e s%o$l! +e s$ita+le ,e!itations, not only +e(o e, +$t at an! a(te )a ta4in- o( it. I Co . :H<.=A 1IH21A 11H2=A II Co . 1#H:. To )a ta4e o( t%is s$))e K$n3o t%ilyK is to !o it as t%e Co int%ians !i!, 3it%o$t ,a4in- any !istinction +et3een t%at an! t%ei o !ina y ,ealsA an! ,o e es)ecially +y an e2cessive inte,)e ate $se o( t%e ele,ents. I Co . 12H2I.22, 2<.#I. D1<#. "%at a e t%e o+li-ations to o+se ve t%e sac a,ent o( t%e Lo !@s S$))e E *y 3%o, is it to +e a!,iniste e!E Fo 3%at is it !esi-ne!E "%at is ,eant +y )a ta4in- $n3o t%ilyEF T%e (act t%at t%e Co int%ians 3e e ! $n4en on t%ese occasions, s%o3s t%at t%e 3ine t%ey $se! 3as into2icatin-A an! not t%at s$c% 3ine 3as co,,only $se!, o consi!e e! s$ita+le to a ) o)e o+se vance o( t%is sac a,ent. T%ei +ein- e+$4e! at%e i,)lies t%at t%ei s 3as an e2ce)tion to t%e -ene al ) actice, t%ey not %avin- +een ($lly conve te! ( o, t%ei (o ,e ! $n4en evels an! ot%e %eat%en ) actices I Co . =H<A :H1, <.=. T%e 3ine $se! at t%e s$))e +y C% ist %e calls t%e ( $it o( t%e vine, 'att. 2;H2CA evi!ently e(e in- to 3%at is calle! t%e )$ e +loo! o( t%e - a)e. De$t. #2H1&. T%e i!ea t%at %e $se! (e ,ente! o into2icatin- 3ine is inconsistent 3it% t%e ) o%i+ition o( leavene! o (e ,ente! + ea! at t%e sac a,ent. Co,)a e 'att. 2;H1<, 3it% E2o!. 12H1=.2I. T%e ti,e o( t%e !ay (o cele+ atin- t%is o !inance is not ,ate ial, an! t%e )ost$ e o( t%e +o!y in eceivin- it is, o( itsel(, in!i((e ent. T%e Sc i)t$ es lay no st ess on t%ese )oints. O$ c%oice an! convenience ,$st !ete ,ine. D1<&. "%y 3e e t%e Co int%ians ,a!e ! $n4E Does not t%is ) ove t%at into2icatin- 3ine s%o$l! not +e $se!E "%at o( t%e 3ine $se! +y C% istE "%at ti,e o( !ay, an! in 3%at )ost$ e, s%o$l! 3e eceive itEF T%e !oct ine o( t ans$+stantiation, o t%at t%e + ea! an! 3ine a e lite ally conve te! into t%e +o!y an! +loo! o( C% ist, is one o( t%e - oss a+s$ !ities o( t%e Ro,is% C%$ c%, since t%e + ea! is calle! + ea! a(te as 3ell as +e(o e consec ation. I Co . 11H2<.2=.
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It s$))oses t%at C% ist )a too4 o( %is o3n +o!y an! +loo!, an! t%at t%e i!entical %$,an +o!y o( t%e c $ci(ie! is ) esent on all sac a,ental occasions. T%e !oct ine o( cons$+stantiation, o t%e act$al, s$+stantial ) esence o( t%e +o!y o( C% ist 3it% t%e + ea! an! 3ine, so t%at t%e co,,$nicant )a ta4es o( t%at +o!y an! is +ene(itte! +y t%e ,ate ial ele,ents, is an e o an! !el$sion, !est $ctive o( s)i it$ality. T%e !oct ine o( t%e it$alists, t%at 0es$s C% ist@s s)i it$al ) esence so )e va!es t%e + ea! an! t%e 3ine as to i,)a t to t%e, a savin- e((icacy an! to en!e t%e, 3o t%y o( 3o s%i), is an a+o,ina+le )e ve sion o( t%e si,)le sy,+olis, o( t%e %oly E$c%a ist !esi-ne! to +e an i,) essive ,e,o ial o( t%e + o4en +o!y an! s%e! +loo! o( t%e a!o a+le Savio . D1<:. "%at is sai! o( t ans$+stantiationE "%at is sai! o( Cons$+stantiationE "%at o( t%e !oct ine o( t%e it$alistsEF
Ch 0$ Ch#rch 4rder.
*y t%e -ove n,ent an! !isci)line o( t%e C%$ c% a e ,eant t%e (o , an! o !e +y 3%ic% its s)i it$al conce ns a e ,ana-e!. T%e e2act (o , o( ecclesiastical -ove n,ent an! !isci)line, in all )a tic$la s an! (o all occasions, is to +e !ete ,ine! +y C% istians ( o, t%e -ene al $les an! ) inci)les esta+lis%e! in t%e 3o ! o( Go!, an! ( o, consi!e ations o( e2)e!iency. Any )a tic$la (o , o( ecclesiastical -ove n,ent, a- ee! on +y t%e -ove no s o( t%e C%$ c%, consonant to t%e -ene al $les o( Sc i)t$ e, ,ay +e consi!e e! as sc i)t$ al. 1ence, t%o$-% one (o , o( -ove n,ent +e a- eea+le to t%e 3o !, it !oes not (ollo3 t%at anot%e is not, o , +eca$se one is la3($l, anot%e is $nla3($l. In all cases t%at (o , o( -ove n,ent is to +e settle! 3%ic% is +est calc$late! to ) o,ote t%e 3el(a e o( t%e C%$ c% in its ) esent state. D1<;. "%at a e ,eant +y t%e -ove n,ent an! !isci)line o( t%e C%$ c%E 1o3 a e 3e to !ete ,ine t%e e2act ( o, o( ecclesiastical -ove n,ent an! !isci)lineE "%at o( any )a tic$la (o ,E I( one (o , is la3($l, !oes it (ollo3 t%at all ot%e s a e $nla3($lE "%at ( o, o( -ove n,ent is to +e settle! in all casesEF T%e ) o)e o((ice s o( t%e C%$ c% a e calle! in t%e Sc i)t$ es +y !i((e ent na,es, ) o+a+ly (o t%e )$ )ose o( e) esentin- t%e va io$s an! i,)o tant !$ties o( t%ei o((ice. T%ey a e calle! +is%o)s o el!e s, ( o, t%e ove si-%t t%ey a e to ta4e, an! ( o, t%e - ave an! ) $!ent e2a,)le t%ey a e to setA )asto s ( o, t%e s)i it$al (oo! t%ey a e to a!,iniste A ,iniste s, ( o, t%e se vice t%ey a e to en!e A 3atc%,en, ( o, t%e vi-ilance t%ey a e to e2e ciseA teac%e s, ( o, t%e inst $ctions t%ey a e to -iveA a,+assa!o s, ( o, t%e t eaty o( econciliation an! )eace t%ey a e sent to e((ect. I Ti,. #H1 . Acts 2IH2=A 0e . #H1:A I Co . &H1A EGe4. #H1<A I Pete :H1A E)%. &H11A II Co . :H2I. Pa$l eco-niGes +$t t3o o !e s in t%e C% istian ,inist y a(te t%e a)ostlesH t%at o( Deacon, an! t%at o( El!e o *is%o). I Ti,. #H1.1#A Tit$s 1H:.<A P%il. 1H1. T%ese o((ice s a e to +e investe! 3it% t%ei o((ice +y o !ination, o +y ) aye an! i,)osition o( %an!s ( o, e-$la ,iniste s o( t%e Gos)el. I Ti,. &H1&A Acts 1#H2.#. D1<<. "%at a e t%e o((ice s o( t%e C%$ c% calle!E "%y soE De(ine t%e !i((e ent te ,sE 1o3 a e t%ese o((ice s to +e investe!EF T%e o((ice s o( t%e C%$ c% can, ( o, a,on- t%e,selves, constit$te an o((ice , 3%o, as an o((ice , s%all +e s$)e io to any o( t%ose +y 3%o, %e 3as constit$te!. T%e o((ice s o( t%e C%$ c% a e entitle! to a ,aintenance ( o, t%e )eo)le 3%o s%a e in t%ei la+o s. T%is s%o$l! not +e vie3e! as a ,atte o( al,s an! ( ee -i(t, +$t as a !e+t >$stly an! %ono a+ly !$e. 'att. 1IHC.1IA I Co . CH<, 11, 1&A I Ti,. :H1=A Gal. ;H;. T%e )o3e o( e2ec$tin- t%e te,)o al econo,y o( t%e C%$ c% +elon-s eit%e to t%e C%$ c% as a +o!y, o to t%ose 3%o, t%e C%$ c% s%all !ele-ate (o t%at )$ )ose. Acts ;H2.;. T%e ) o)e !isci)line o( t%e C%$ c% is to +e -at%e e! ( o, t%ose )assa-es o( Sc i)t$ e elatin- to t%is s$+>ect 3%ic% a e (o$n! scatte e! t% o$-%o$t t%e sac e! vol$,e.
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Eve y )a tic$la C%$ c% s%o$l! collect, a an-e, an! e2)lain t%ese te2ts in 3 itten (o ,, (o t%e )$ )ose o( in(o ,in- its ,e,+e s, an! also t%at t%e e ,ay +e $ni(o ,ity in a!,inist ation. D1<=. Can t%ese o((ice s c eate yet ot%e sE A e t%ey entitle! to ,aintenanceE 1o3 s%o$l! t%is +e vie3e!E "%o s%o$l! atten! to t%e te,)o al econo,y o( t%e C%$ c%E "%ence s%o$l! t%e ) o)e !isci)line o( t%e C%$ c% +e -at%e e!E "%at is t%e !$ty o( eac% )a tic$la C%$ c%E "%yEF T%e !esi-n o( C%$ c% !isci)line is, t%e eclai,in- o( o((en!e s, !elive in- t%e C%$ c% ( o, e) oac%, an! ins)i in- all 3it% t%e (ea o( o((ense. Eve y C%$ c% s%o$l! >$!-e o( t%e ?$ali(ications o( t%ose 3%o o((e t%e,selves (o ,e,+e s%i), an! s%o$l! a!,it o e>ect, as t%ey ,ay t%in4 ) o)e . 'att. 1;H1C. All )e sons, +e(o e a!,ittance to t%e C%$ c%, s%o$l! +e e2a,ine! in es)ect to t%ei !oct inal vie3s an! eli-io$s e2)e ience. An! none s%o$l! +e a!,itte! +$t s$c% as a e (o$n! evan-elical in +ot% es)ects. Neve t%eless , -en$ine +elieve s in C% ist %ol!in- e oneo$s o)inions not ,ani(estly !et i,ental to t%e s)i it$al li(e s%o$l! not +e !enie! ,e,+e s%i) in t%e C%$ c%. T%e $le s%o$l! +eH KIn non.essentials, li+e tyA in essentials, $nityA an! in all t%in-s, c%a ity.K T%e !$ty o( C%$ c% ,e,+e s to3a ! eac% ot%e is, to 3atc% ove one anot%e (o -oo!A an!, 3%en occasion e?$i es, to e) ove, e+$4e, an! a!,onis%. I Ti,ot%y :H2IA Galatians ;H1. D1<C. "%at is t%e !esi-n o( C%$ c% !isci)lineE "%o s%o$l! >$!-e o( ?$ali(ications (o C%$ c% ,e,+e s%i)E S%o$l! all can!i!ates +e e2a,ine! +e(o e t%e C%$ c%E In 3%atE "%at is t%e !$ty o( C%$ c% ,e,+e s to3a ! eac% ot%e EF C%$ c% ,e,+e s a e s$+>ect to !isci)line an! e2co,,$nication (o i,,o alities an! %e esy in !oct ine. I Co . :H11A Tit$s #H1I. O$ Savio %as -iven a )a tic$la $le o( ) ocee!inin C%$ c% !isci)line, 3%ic% s%o$l! %e st ictly o+se ve! in all cases. 'att. 1=H1:.1<. O((en!e s in t%e C%$ c%, $)on s$ita+le con(ession an! e(o ,ation, s%o$l! +e esto e! to t%e (ello3s%i) o( t%e C%$ c%. 'att. 1=H21. 22A L$4e 1<H#.&A II Co . 2H;.=. E2co,,$nication consists in c$ttin- o(( a ,e,+e ( o, all C%$ c% i-%ts an! ) ivile-es. T%is s%o$l! +e vie3e! as a ve y sole,n act, +ot% +y t%e C%$ c% 3%ic% )e (o ,s it, an! +y t%e in!ivi!$al e2)elle!. It s%o$l! neve +e !one 3it%o$t ,$c% !eli+e ation an! ) aye . As co,,$nion is 3it% t%e C%$ c% as a +o!y, an! not 3it% in!ivi!$als, no )e son can +e >$sti(ie! in a+sentin- %i,sel( ( o, co,,$nion +eca$se o( e2istin- o((enses +et3een %i, sel( an! anot%e C%$ c% ,e,+e . D1=I. Fo 3%at a e C%$ c% ,e,+e s s$+>ect to !isci)lineE "%at )a tic$la $le %as C% ist -ivenE S%o$l! t%is +e o+se ve!E 1o3 a e o((en!e s to +e esto e!E "%at is e2co,,$nicationE 1o3 s%o$l! t%is +e vie3e!E S%o$l! o((en!e! ,e,+e s a+stain ( o, t%e co,,$nionE To 3%at is t%is analo-o$sEF In all !ecisions o( t%e C%$ c%, t%o$-% $nani,ity is ve y !esi a+le, yet t%e ,a>o ity s%o$l! -ove n, an! t%e ,ino ity !issent 3it% love, ,ee4ness, an! a !is)osition to ac?$iesce. S$c% co$ se is C% istian, an! %as a ten!ency to ) event ,any evils. Acts 1:H1.#1. "O'AN@S SP1ERE IN T1E C17RC1. T%is is not li,ite! to t%e !$ties o( t%e (a,ily o %o$se%ol!, since s%e is o(ten +y nat$ e an! - ace ) e.e,inently a!a)te! (o a 3i!e se vice. 1ence 3o,en 3e e e,)loye! as ) o)%ets, t%at is, in t%e sense o( )$+lic eli-io$s teac%e s, incl$!in- t%e %i-%e ,iniste ial !$ties, as a))ea s ( o, t%e an4 ne2t a(te a)ostles . I Co . 12H2=A E)%. &H11. Co,)a e Acts 2H1<.1=A 21HCA Ro,. 1;H1.2. So in t%e Ol! Testa,ent. E2o!. 1:H2IA 0$!-. &H&A II /in-s 22H1&A N$,. 11H2C. Co,)a e also Ps. ;=H11, 3%e e t%e t $e en!e inis, o( t%e 3o,en ) eac%e s t%e e 3as a - eat %ostA 3%ic% acco !s 3it% t%e 3is% o( 'oses, N$,. 11H2C, an! o( Pa$l, I Co . 1&H:. D1=1. "%o s%o$l! -ove n in t%e !ecisions o( t%e C%$ c%E "%at is t%e !$ty o( t%e ,ino ityE "%at +ene(it 3ill es$ltE "%at is sai! o( 3o,an@s s)%e eE O( t%ei se vice as ) o)%ets o teac%e sE Di! Pa$l con!e,n t%e ) acticeEF So,e %ave $n!e stoo! Pa$l as ) o%i+itin- 3o,en teac%in-. I Co . 1&H#&.#:A 1 Ti,. 2H 11.12. *$t %e evi!ently e(e s to s$c% only as ) aye! an! ) o)%esie! $nvaile!, as a))ea s 1 Co . 11H:.1#. Pa$l in
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t%is %a! es)ect si,)ly to t%e $sa-e o( society, as 3as %is c$sto, in ,atte s o( in!i((e ence. I Co . CH1C.2#. To say t%at %is ) o%i+ition a))lies ali4e to all ti,es an! con!itions o( society, is to say t%at t%e ) $!ential e-$lations o( a !e- a!e! %eat%en )eo)le, ei-%teen %$n! e! yea s a-o, a e $nive sally +in!in-, an! t%at C% istianity in t%is es)ect %as 3 o$-%t no c%an-e in t%e 3o l! it ca,e to e(o ,. Pa$l s$ ely %a! a !i((e ent esti,ate o( 3o,an se vice. Ro,. 1;H1.<, 12.1:. 1is (i st )$+lic !isco$ se in E$ o)e 3as at a ,eetin- o( 3o,en, an! %is (i st conve t an! %ost 3as a 3o,an. Acts 1;HC.1:. T%e e is in!is)$ta+le sc i)t$ al an! %isto ical ) oo( t%at s$+o !inate o((icial )osition 3as acco !e! to 3o,en in t%e a)ostolic C%$ c%H. 1. T%e co ect t anslation o( Ro,. 1;H1.2, s%o3s t%at P%e+e 3as a !eacon o( t%e C%$ c% an! a )at on o( ,any.t%e o i-inal o( )at on +ein- a!ically t%e sa,e as is en!e e!, %e t%at $let%, in c%a). 12H=. D1=2. "%at is sai! o( %is esti,ate o( 3o,enE "as o((ical )osition acco !e! to %e E "%at is sai! o( P%e+eE "%at e2)osition o( Ro,. 1;H1.2EF o( Deacons not only ,iniste to t%e sic4 an! nee!y, +$t ( o, P%il. 1H1, an! I Ti,. #H2, =, 3e in(e t%at t%ey ) eac%e! an! !isc%a -e! ot%e s)i it$al ($nctions s$+o !inate to t%e el!e s o +is%o)s, 3%o co es)on! to t%e )asto s o( ,o!e n ti,es. 2.T%e $les o( con!$ct lai! !o3n (o 3o,en in I Ti,. #H11, an! Tit$s 2H#, %ave +een e(e e! to t%e !eaconesses +y a se ies o( e,inent co,,entato s ( o, C% ysosto, to Al(o !. #. D . Sc%a(( an! ot%e sc%ola s inte ) et t%e 3o !s, Klet not a 3i!o3 +e ta4en into t%e n$,+e ,K I Ti,.:HC. Let not a 3i!o3 +e electe! an! o !aine! $n!e t% eesco e yea s ol!. &. F o, Tit$s 2H#.&, 3e lea n t%at 3o,en 3e e e,)loye! as teac%e s in t%e !i ect )e sonal a))lication o( C% istian t $t%. :. Pliny, a (e3 yea s late , s)ea4s o( t%e o !e o( !eaconesses as e2e cisin-, in elation to t%ei o3n se2, ($nctions analo-o$s to t%ose o( t%e !eacons. T%e %isto y o( t%e ea ly C% istian C%$ c% con(i ,s t%is state,ent, an! a!!s, also, t%at 3o,en +a)tiGe!. D1=#. "%at e2)osition o( I Ti,. #H11A :HCE O( Tit$s 2H#E "%at is sai! o( t%e %isto y o( t%e ea ly C%$ c%EF Si-nal %ono s a e eco !e! o( 3o,an@s !evotion to C% ist an! %is ca$se. 'att. 2;H;.1#A 'a 4 12H&1.&&A L$4e 1IH#=.&2. S%e 3as (i st to ) eac% t%e act$al a!vent o( t%e ) o,ise! 'essia%, +ot% to t%e 0e3s an! to t%e Sa,a itans. L$4e 2H#;.#=A 0o%n &H2=, etc.A an! (i st to ) eac% t%e isen Savio to %is !o$+tin- a)ostles. 'att. 2=H<.C, 1<. KNot s%e, 3it% t aito o$s 4iss, %e Savio st$n-A L$4e 22H&<.&=. Not s%e !enie! %i, 3it% $n%oly ton-$eA 'att. 2;H;C.<:. S%e, 3%ile a)ostles s% an4, co$l! !an-e + aveH 'att. 2;H:; Last at t%e c oss, an! ea liest at %is - ave.K 'att. 2<H::.:; 2=H1. 1. T%e 3o !s T%eis, an! Deis, a e a!ically t%e sa,e, +$t a ) actical !istinction %as a isen. T%eis, is ) o)e ly t%e (ait% o( Reason ) ece!in- evelationA 3%ile Deis, is (ait% in Reason, contestinevelation.
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Binney's Theological Compend

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BINNEY'S THEOLOGICAL COMPEND BY AMOS BINNEY AND DANIEL STEELE

Preface to the First Edition

Part 01 Evidences of Religion

Ch 03 The Christian Evidences Classified.

Part 02 Doctrine of Christianity

Ch 0& The 'oly !host

Ch 0) The Devil and De*ons

Part 03 ,orals of Christianity

Ch 01 D#ties 3e 45e To !od

Ch 02 D#ties To 4#r 6eighbors

Part 0$ 7nstit#tions of Christianity

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