Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Prepared By :
Brijal B. Shah
corDECT
Department o/ Ele+troni+. En,ineerin,. Sar(a anik Colle"e o) En"ineerin" * Technolo"+ Dr R.K. Desai Roa,& .re/are, B+:Bri al Shah
corDECT
corDECT
A-.tra+t
Internet to,a+ is not 2st another %eans o) co%%2nication. Those 1ho 2se internet kno1 that internet is /o1er. It "i(es a 2ser not onl+ all kin,s o) in)or%ation- 62t also ena6les hi%:her to ,o thin"s one co2l, not e(en ,rea% o) till recentl+. B2t at the sa%e ti%e- lack o) internet access 1o2l, /2t a /erson at a tre%en,o2s ,isa,(anta"e. There)ore- 2nless ste/s are taken to /ro(i,e teleco% an, internet access 1i,el+ an, cost e))ecti(el+ one 1o2l, )ace accent2ation. So intro,2cin" a ,i"ital enhance, cor,less teleco%%2nication 6ase, !DECT# 1ireless local loo/ !;77# s+ste% calle, CorDECT. CorDECT is In,ia<s (er+ o1n 1ireless local loo/ technolo"+. It /ro(i,es cost e))ecti(e- si%2ltaneo2s hi"h =2alit+ (oice an, ,ata connecti(it+. The CorDECT technolo"+ can /ro(i,e internet access to the s26scri6er thro2"h the sa%e tele/hone line 1ith >' k6/s s/ee, 1itho2t the ai, o) a %o,e% an, the s26scri6er can 2se the tele/hone an, s2r) on the net si%2ltaneo2sl+.
corDECT
"NDE1
5. Intro,2ction???????????????????????..5 &. ;ireless 0ccess Net1ork??????????????????& 3. corDECT ;ireless 0ccess S+ste%???????????????@ 4. S26-s+ste%s o) corDECT ;ireless 0ccess S+ste%????????..4 5. AB; corDECT ;BRKS?????????????????...54 @. S2/eriorit+ o) corDECT ;77 o(er other ;77 s+ste%??????5@ >. Merits 0n, De%erits B) Cor,ect ;ll S+ste%??????????5$ $. DECT: So%e Salient Ceat2res????????????????.54 4. 0//lication o) CorDECT ;77 ???????????????..&5 Concl2sion???????????????????????...&& Bi6lio"ra/h+???????????????????????&3
corDECT
corDECT
!hapter 2: "ntrodu+tion
CorDECT is a state-o)-the-art 1ireless access s+ste% that 2ses the ETSI DECT air inter)ace 1ith e9tensions )or 1ireless in local loo/ ser(ice to ,eli(er toll-=2alit+ (oice an, ,ata si%2ltaneo2sl+ on a /er 2ser 6asis. CorDECT ;77 is a state o) art 1ireless access s+ste% ,e(elo/e, in,i"eno2sl+ 6+ the oint e))orts o) IIT- Ma,ras an, Mi,as Co%%2nication Technolo"ies .(t. 7t,.Ma,ras 1ith s2//ort o) De/t- o) Teleco%%2nication- Eo(t. o) In,ia. ECI7 is one a%on" the )o2r teleco% %an2)act2rers in In,ia to license the /ro,2ct. CorDECT is a si%/le- cost-e))ecti(e 1ireless access s+ste% that has %a,e a ,i))erence to %illions o) li(es The CorDECT s+ste% is in,ee, 6ase, on the DECT stan,ar, 1hich initiall+ 1as ,esi"ne, )or 2se 1ith cor,less tele/hones. This is not a s/rea, s/ectr2% a//roach- an, instea, is 6ase, on a /rotocol calle, MC-TDM0 1hich /er)or%s 6oth ti%e an, )re=2enc+ ,i(ision in or,er to acco%%o,ate %2lti/le channels. iF44G The ,istances /ossi6le 6et1een a s26scri6er 2nit an, a 6ase station are rate, at 5'k%. Rela+ 6ase stations can 6e 2se, to e9ten, this ,istance a )2rther 5'k%. These ,istances %a+ 6e conser(ati(e as"i(en )a(ora6le 7ine o) Site an, terrain8 4'k% has 6een achie(e, in the )iel,. It is tr2e that the CorDECT s+ste% ,e-%2lti/le9es (oice )ro% ,ata at the inter)ace 2nit an, this is one o) its stron" /ro/erties. The "reatest a,(anta"e o) CorDECT is the eli%ination o) the nee, to r2n a /air o) 1ires all the 1a+ 2/to the s26scri6erHs /re%ises. The ;ireless 7ocal 7oo/ is )ree )ro% (ario2s /ro6le%s associate, 1ith ca6les s2ch as ,i""in" o) trenchers- lar"e re=2ire%ent o) ti%e an, %one+ an, %ore i%/ortantl+- the (ario2s line )a2lts 1hich are "enerall+ attri62te, to 1ire, connections. Ne1 s26scri6er connections can 6e a,,e, al%ost instantl+ as it in(ol(es onl+ a2thentication o) the han, set thro2"h the console.
>
corDECT
corDECT
Fi,ure 3.2 A++e.. Net4or5 in the 678. The si"nalin" /rotocol on the 0N !in the si"nalin" slots on the E5 links 6et1een the R7D<s an, e9chan"e# initiall+ re%aine, /ro/rietar+. Ao1e(er-access si"nalin" 1as stan,ar,iIe, internationall+ in the earl+ nineties- in the )or% o) the V5.5 an, V5.& /rotocols. The V5.& inter)ace %akes the E(en as the iss2e in(ol(in" inter)ace to the teleco% net1ork 1as resol(e,- another i%/ortant iss2e cro//e, 2/ a6o2t three +ears "o. To,a+ a teleco% net1ork can no lon"er 2st )oc2s on /ro(i,in" tele/hone ser(ice at ho%es an, o))ices- 62t %2st /ro(i,e Internet ser(ice too. ;e no1 e9a%ine so%e o) the )actors in(ol(e, in /ro(i,in" Internet connections 2sin" the e9istin" tele/hone net1ork. 3.9 The "nternet Tan,le The Internet e%er"e, secon, to the
has as onl+
tele/hone in connectin" /eo/le an, %a+ to%orro1 s26s2%e the tele/hone net1ork. B2t to,a+- Internet access at ho%es an, o))ices lar"el+ ri,es on the tele/hone net1ork. Internet access a//ears to 6e si%/le: 4 .re/are, B+:Bri al Shah
corDECT
Fi,ure 3.3 "nternet a++e.. u.in, the telephone net4or5 2st "et a tele/hone line- connect a %o,e% an, co%/2ter an, ,ial an Internet Ser(ice .ro(i,er !IS.#. The IS. has a 62nch o) tele/hone lines an, an e=2al n2%6er o) %o,e%s connectin" the 2sers to a ro2ter as sho1n in Ci"2re &.&. This ro2ter is connecte, to other ro2ters on the Internet. 0 ,ial-2/ connection to an IS.<s ro2ter "i(es a 2ser access to e(er+one an, e(er+thin" on the Internet. This strai"ht)or1ar,-lookin" a//roach to accessin" the Internet- is ho1e(er6eset 1ith /ro6le%s. The tele/hone net1ork is t+/icall+ ,esi"ne, to han,le '.5 E tra))ic /er s26scri6er on the a(era"e. This is "enerall+ a,e=2ate )or (oice tele/hon+. Ao1e(erInternet sessions are 2s2all+ o) lon"er ,2ration- o)ten e(en e9cee,in" an ho2r. 0s a si"ni)icant /ercenta"e o) tele/hone 2sers start accessin" the Internet- the loa, on the teleco% net1ork 1ill )ar e9cee, '.5 E /er s26scri6er- res2ltin" in se(ere con"estion an, e(ent2al net1ork colla/se. I) this has not ha//ene, +et- it is 6eca2se onl+ a s%all /ercenta"e o) tele/hone 2sers are also accessin" the Internet. The secon, /ro6le% is associate, 1ith the local call char"es )or accessin" the Internet in this %anner. In %an+ co2ntries the tele/hone call %a,e )or accessin" the Internet is 2s2all+ char"e, 6ase, on the call ,2ration. In a,,ition- a s26scri6er %a+ also ha(e to /a+ the IS. )or connection to the Internet. Thir,l+- the analo" %o,e%-to-%o,e% link 6et1een the s26scri6er an, the IS. is o)ten 2nrelia6le. Bne ,oes not al1a+s "et connecte, at 33.@ k6/s an, the s/ee, can "o ,o1n to 4.@ k6/s an, e(en 4.$ k6/s at ti%es- es/eciall+ in r2ral areas. C2rther- the connection o)ten ,ro/s. Cinall+- an IS. 1ith N tele/hone lines- N %o,e%s an, a N-/ort ro2ter co2l, ser(e at %ost N s26scri6ers at a ti%e. I) the connection ,ro/s- one %a+ not "et an i%%e,iate reconnection ,2rin" 62s+ ho2rs.
5'
corDECT This Internet tan"le re=2ires a ne1 a//roach in or,er to s2//ort )2t2re "ro1th. Tho2"h an Internet connection is ke/t on )or lon" ho2rs- a /ec2liarit+ o) co%/2ter-toco%/2ter co%%2nications is that the connection is not in contin2o2s 2se- 62t in 62rsts. .ackets are trans%itte, to an, )ro% the Internet in 62rsts- 1ith the link re%ainin" /racticall+ i,le %ost o) the ti%e. 0 circ2it-s1itche, connection on a tele/hone net1orkho1e(er- is 2na6le to take a,(anta"e o) this an, ,e,icates net1ork reso2rces thro2"ho2t the ,2ration o) the connection there6+ con"estin" the net1ork.
Fi,ure 3.9 A++e.. !entre :A!; .eparate. <oi+e and "nternet data= S*2 and S*3 pro<ide .imultaneou. <oi+e and "nternet .er<i+e. to .u-.+ri-er. u.in, 4ired and 4irele.. +onne+ti<ity re.pe+ti<ely 0n i,eal sol2tion to this /ro6le% is to ha(e /acket-s1itche, access. Ao1e(erthe local loo/ is o)ten a se/arate /h+sical line to each s26scri6er an, /acket access on this
,e,icate, line "i(es little a,(anta"e- as no one else can 2se this reso2rce an+1a+. In s2ch a sit2ation- it is a,(isa6le to se/arate the Internet ,ata at the net1ork no,e nearest to the s26scri6er- 1here ,ata )ro% %2lti/le s26scri6ers can 6e %2lti/le9e,. This 55 .re/are, B+:Bri al Shah
corDECT is sho1n in Ci"2re &.3- 1here se/aration o) Internet ,ata an, (oice tra))ic takes /lace at the 0ccess Centre !0C#- locate, t+/icall+ at a street-corner. 0s sho1n in the )i"2re- 6oth 1ire, an, 1ireless inter)aces to the 0C are /ossi6le. DS7 technolo"+ an, narro16an, ISDN e=2i/%ent can /ro(i,e relia6le- hi"h-s/ee,si%2ltaneo2s- (oice an, Internet access on a sin"le co//er /air. I) 1ire, access is 2se,there is strictl+ no restriction on the 6itrate 6et1een the s26scri6er an, the 0C- as lon" as the /h+sical %e,i2% can s2//ort it. 3.> 0irele.. o+al oop $.. Mo-ile 0irele.. A++e.. Sy.tem To,a+- there is little ,o26t that 1ireless access s+st e%s sho2l, /ro(i,e ,i"ital an, not analo" access. ;ireless connecti(it+ to s26scri6ers to,a+ is /ro(i,e, 6+ %o6ile co%%2nication s+ste%s as 1ell as 1ireless local loo/ s+ste%s. These t1o a//ear to 6e si%ilar an, are o)ten con)2se, 1ith each other. Ao1e(erthe re=2ire%ents )or the t1o s+ste%s are si"ni)icantl+ ,i))erent.
corDECT
9.2 "ntrodu+tion The corDECT ;ireless 0ccess S+ste% !;0S# is ,esi"ne, to /ro(i,e si%2ltaneo2s circ2it- s1itche, (oice an, %e,i2%-rate Internet connecti(it+ at ho%es an, o))ices. The 0ccess S+ste% %o,el- 1hich the corDECT e%2lates- is sho1n in Ci"2re 3.5.
Fi,ure 9.2 !on+eptual A++e.. Sy.tem pro<idin, .imultaneou. <oi+e and "nternet +onne+ti<ity 9.3 !on+eptual A++e.. Sy.tem In this conce/t2al %o,el- there is a S26scri6er Dnit !SD# locate, at the s26scri6er /re%ises.The SD has a stan,ar, t1o-1ire inter)ace to connect a tele/hone- )a9 %achine.CB !.26lic Call B))ice#- s/eaker/hone- cor,less /hone- or %o,e%. It also /ro(i,es ,irect !1itho2t a %o,e%# Internet connecti(it+ to a stan,ar, .C- 2sin" either a serial /ort !RS-&3& or DSB# or Ethernet. The 0ccess S+ste% allo1s si%2ltaneo2s tele/hone an, Internet connecti(it+. The SD<s are connecte, to an 0ccess Centre !0C# 2sin" an+ con(enient technolo"+ like 1ireless- /lain ol, co//er- DS7 on co//er- coa9ial ca6le- o/tical )i6re- or e(en /o1er lines. The 0C %2st 6e scala6le- ser(in" as )e1 as &'' s26scri6ers an, as %an+ as &''' s26scri6ers. In 2r6an areas- the 0C co2l, 6e locate, at a street corner- ser(in" a ra,i2s o) >'' % to 5 k%.This s%all ra,i2s in 2r6an areas is i%/ortant )or 1ireless access- in or,er to ena6le e))icient re-2se o) s/ectr2%. ;hen ca6le is 2se,- the s%all ra,i2s ens2res lo1 cost an, hi"her 6itrate Connecti(it+. Ao1e(er in r2ral areas- the ,istance 6et1een the 0C an, the SD co2l, easil+ 6e 5' k% an, e(en "o 2/ to &5 k% in certain sit2ations. The 0C is th2s a share, s+ste% caterin" to %2lti/le s26scri6ers. The (oice an, Internet tra))ic to an, )ro% s26scri6ers can 6e concentrate, here an, then carrie, on an+ a//ro/riate 6ackha2l trans/ort net1ork to the tele/hone an, Internet net1orks res/ecti(el+. 53 .re/are, B+:Bri al Shah
corDECT
0t the 0C- the tele/hone an, Internet tra))ic is se/arate,. The tele/hone tra))ic is carrie, to the tele/hone net1ork on E5 links 2sin" access /rotocols s2ch as V5.&. The Internet tra))ic )ro% %2lti/le s26scri6ers is statisticall+ %2lti/le9e,- takin" a,(anta"e o) the 62rst+ nat2re o) Internet tra))ic- an, carrie, to the Internet net1ork. 0s 2se o) Voiceo(er-I. !VoI.# "ro1s- (oice tra))ic )ro% s26scri6er 2nits co2l, also 6e sent to the Internet- "ra,2all+ %akin" connecti(it+ to the tele/hone net1ork re,2n,ant. Ao1e(er)or connectin" to the le"ac+ tele/hone net1ork- the (oice /ort o) the 0C %a+ 6e re=2ire, )or so%e ti%e to co%e. 0n 0C co2l, also incor/orate s1itchin" an, %aintenance )2nctions 1hen re=2ire,. C2rther- it is /ossi6le to co-locate Internet ser(ers 1ith ac. . 9.9 +orDE!T 0irele.. A++e.. Sy.tem Collo1in" the conce/t2al %o,el- the corDECT ;ireless 0ccess S+ste% 2ses a si%ilar architect2re to /ro(i,e tele/hone an, Internet ser(ice to a s26scri6er- as sho1n in Ci"2re 3.&. The s26scri6er /re%ises e=2i/%ent- ;allset I. !;S-I.# or ;allset !;S#- has a 1ireless connection thro2"h a Co%/act Base Station !CBS# to an 0ccess S1itch- calle, a DECT Inter)ace Dnit !DID#. The air inter)ace is co%/liant to the DECT stan,ar, s/eci)ie, 6+ ETSI. The DID s1itches the (oice tra))ic to the tele/hone net1ork 2sin" the V5.& /rotocol to connect to an e9chan"e.
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corDECT The DID also s1itches the Internet calls to a 62ilt-in Re%ote 0ccess S1itch !R0S# 1hich then ro2tes the tra))ic to the Internet net1ork. The R0S has an Ethernet inter)ace- 1hich is connecte, to the Internet 2sin" an+ s2ita6le ro2tin" ,e(ice. The CBS is nor%all+ connecte, to the DID 2sin" three t1iste,-/air 1ires- 1hich carr+ si"nals as 1ell as /o1er )ro% the DID to the CBS. 0lternati(el+- it can 6e connecte, to the DID thro2"h a Base Station Distri62tor !BSD#. The BSD is a re%ote 2nit connecte, to the DID 2sin" a stan,ar, E5 inter)ace !on ra,io- )i6re- or co//er# as sho1n in Ci"2re 3.3. 0 BSD can s2//ort 2/ to )o2r CBS<s.
Fi,ure 9.9 !BS remoted to D"* throu,h BSD Cor lon"-ran"e co%%2nication- a ;S-I. or ;S can also 6e connecte, to the CBS 2sin" a t1o- ho/ DECT 1ireless link- one 6et1een ;S-I. or ;S an, a Rela+ Base Station !RBS# an, another 6et1een the RBS an, CBS- The 1ireless ran"e s2//orte, 6et1een a ;S- I. or ;S an, the CBS or RBS is 5' k% in 7ine-o)-Si"ht !7BS# con,itions. The ran"e s2//orte, 6et1een a CBS an, RBS is &5 k% in 7BS con,itions. 0 t+/ical s+ste% consists o) one DID 1ith one or t1o R0S 2nits- 2/ to &' CBS<s- an, 2/ to a 5''' ;S-I.<s or ;S<s. The BSD an, RBS 2nits are 2se, as re=2ire, 6+ the ,e/lo+%ent scenario
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corDECT
The M2lti1allset !M;S#- sho1n in Ci"2re 4.&-/ro(i,es si%2ltaneo2s (oice ser(ice to )o2r s26scri6ers. It has all the )eat2res o) the ;S- 62t at a si"ni)icantl+ lo1er /er-line cost. The M2lti1allset has a DECT Transcei(er Mo,2le !DTM#- 1hich is an o2t,oor 2nit 1ith a 62ilt-in antenna 1ith >.5 ,B "ain. It is connecte, to an in,oor S26scri6er 5@ .re/are, B+:Bri al Shah
corDECT Inter)ace Mo,2le !SIM# 2nit- 1hich has )o2r RJ-55 /orts )or tele/hones. Each /ort s2//orts all the ter%inals a ;S s2//orts. The connection 6et1een the DTM an, the SIM 2ses a sin"le t1iste,-/air 1ireo6(iatin" the nee, )or RC ca6le an, connectors. The M;S has a 62ilt-in 6atter+ )or 6ack2/ an, is /o1ere, thro2"h the 0C %ains. >.9 Multi4all.et "P The M2lti1allset 1ith Internet .ort !M;S-I.# is a M;S 1ith )o2r tele/hones an, an a,,itional Ethernet inter)ace to /ro(i,e ,ial-2/ Internet connecti(it+. M2lti/le .C<s can 6e connecte, to the Ethernet /ort an, /ro(i,e a share, 35:>' k6/s Internet connection. The ...-o(er-Ethernet /rotocol is 2se, to set 2/ in,i(i,2al connections. It is to 6e note, that at an+ ti%e- either )o2r si%2ltaneo2s tele/hone calls 1ith no Internet connection- or three tele/hone calls an, a 35 k6/s share, Internet connection- or t1o tele/hone calls an, a share, >' k6/s Internet connection- can 6e %a,e. De/en,in" on 2sa"e- this %a+ intro,2ce so%e 6lockin" )or (oice calls. >.> !ompa+t Ba.e Station The Co%/act Base Station !CBS#- sho1n in )i"2re 4.3- /ro(i,es the ra,io inter)ace 6et1een the DID an, the corDECT s26scri6er ter%inal. It s2//orts 2/ to 5& si%2ltaneo2s (oice calls. It is a s%all- 2no6tr2si(e- 1eather/roo) 2nit that is re%otel+ /o1ere, )ro% the DID or a BSD.
5>
corDECT
The CBS has t1o antennas )or ,i(ersit+. 0 ,irectional antenna 1ith si"ni)icant "ain can 6e 2se, 1hen co(era"e is re=2ire, to 6e con)ine, to certain ,irections. Cor e9a%/le- i) the co(era"e area is ,i(i,e, into sectors- each sector can 6e co(ere, 6+ a ,i))erent Base Station 1ith ,irectional antennas. Cor 3@'' co(era"e 2sin" a sin"le CBSo%ni-,irectional antennas are 2se,.More than one CBS can 6e ,e/lo+e, to ser(e a sin"le sector or a cell. The %a9i%2% 7BS ran"e 6et1een a s26scri6er 2nit an, a CBS is 5' k%. 0n isolate, CBS s2//orts a//ro9i%atel+ 5.$ E o) tra))ic 1ith a Era,e o) Ser(ice !EBS# o) 5J- t+/icall+ ser(in" 3' - >' s26scri6ers. M2lti/le CBSHs ser(in" the sa%e sector or cell increases the tra))ic in Erlan"s han,le, 6+ each CBS. The CBS is connecte, to a DID or a Base Station Distri62tor !BSD# 1ith three t1iste,-/air co//er 1ires- each o) 1hich carr+ (oice:,ata tra))ic- si"nalin" an, /o1er. The %a9i%2% loo/ len"th- 1ith a '.4 %% ,ia%eter 1ire- can 6e 4 k% 6et1een the DID an, the CBS an, 5 k% 6et1een the BSD an, the CBS. >.@ DE!T "nter/a+e *nit The DECT Inter)ace Dnit !DID# sho1n in Ci"2re 4.4- i%/le%ents the )2nctions o) a s1itch !or a Re%ote 7ine Dnit#- Base Station Controller- an, the B/erations an, Maintenance Console !BMC#. S+ste% relia6ilit+ is "2arantee, 6+ a re,2n,ant- hot stan,-6+ architect2re. The BMC allo1s e9ha2sti(e real-ti%e %onitorin" an, %ana"e%ent o) the entire corDECT s+ste%. 0 )2ll+-con)i"2re, DID 1ith an in-62ilt Re%ote 0ccess S1itch !R0S# onl+ occ2/ies a sin"le &$D- 54K ca6inet an, cons2%es less than @'' ;.
5$
corDECT D/ to &' CBSHs can 6e s2//orte, 6+ a DID- ,irectl+ or thro2"h the BSD. The DID /ro(i,es 2/ to ei"ht E5 links to the tele/hone net1ork an,:or R0S. The si"nalin" /rotocol 2se, is either V5.&- 1hich /arents the DID !as an R7D# to an e9chan"e- or R&MC- in 1hich case the DID acts as a 5'''-line e9chan"e. There is a thir, o/tion1herein the corDECT s+ste%- 2sin" a,,itional e=2i/%ent- a//ears to an e9chan"e si%/l+ as a n2%6er o) t1iste,-/air lines. M2lti/le DID<s are %ana"e, thro2"h a centraliIe, Net1ork Mana"e%ent S+ste% !NMS#. >.A i&ON Remote A++e.. S4it+h The iKBN Re%ote 0ccess S1itch !R0S#- sho1n in Ci"2re 4.5- is a 54K 5D 2nit nor%all+ inte"rate, 1ithin the DID ca6inet. It ter%inates the ... connections )ro% Internet s26scri6ers 2sin" corDECT ;S-I. or M;S-I.. It is connecte, to the DID 2sin" 2/ to t1o E5 /orts an, ,oes I.- 6ase, ro2tin" )or 2/ to @' si%2ltaneo2s corDECT Internet calls. The R0S has a 5'BaseT Ethernet /ort to connect to the Internet. It s2//orts R0DIDS )or acco2ntin" an, a2thentication- .0. )or 2ser a2thentication an, is %ana"e, 2sin" SNM..
The Base Station Distri62tor !BSD# is a co%/act-re%otel+ locate,- locall+ /o1ere,- rack-%o2nta6le 2nit that s2//orts 2/ to )o2r CBS<s !1ith /o1er )ee,#. The E5 inter)ace 6et1een a DID an, the BSD can 6e on co//er- )i6re- or ra,io an, link ,istance ,e/en,s onl+ on the link ,esi"n. The BSD is ,esi"ne, to e9ten, corDECT co(era"e to /ockets o) s26scri6ers locate, )ar a1a+ )ro% the DID. >.C Relay Ba.e Station
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corDECT 0 Rela+ Base Station !RBS#- as sho1n in Ci"2re 4.>- e9ten,s the ran"e o) the corDECT s+ste% 6+ rela+in" DECT /ackets 6et1een the CBS an, s26scri6er 2nits. The RBS can han,le 55 calls si%2ltaneo2sl+. The RBS consists o) t1o 2nits. The RBS 0ir Dnit is t+/icall+ %o2nte, on a to1er:%ast an, ho2ses the 6ase6an, an, the RC s26-s+ste%. The RBS Ero2n, Dnit s2//lies /o1er an, /ro(i,e %aintenance s2//ort to the 0ir Dnit an, is %o2nte, at the 6otto% o) the to1er. The RBS 2ses three antennas. Bne antenna !2s2all+ a ,irectional antenna 1ith hi"h "ain#- re)erre, to as the RBS;S antenna- /oints to1ar,s the CBS 1ith 1hich the RBS is co%%2nicatin". The other t1o antennas- calle, RBSBS antennas are 2se, )or co%%2nication 1ith the s26scri6er 2nits !t1o antennas are 2se, )or ,i(ersit+#. These antennas are si%ilar to those 2se, 6+ the CBS.
Fi,ure >.B Relay Ba.e Station The %a9i%2% 7BS ran"e 6et1een a CBS an, a RBS is &5 k%- 1hile the %a9i%2% 7BS ran"e 6et1een the RBS an, corDECT s26scri6ers is 5' k%.
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corDECT
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corDECT
The corDECT s+ste% has 6een ,esi"ne, s2ch that it can 6e easil+ inte"rate, 1ith the e9istin" net1ork. The s+ste% inter)aces to the net1ork on E5 !&.'4$ M6/s# lines as /er ITD-T E>'3 stan,ar,. In one o) the con)i"2rations- the corDECT s+ste% acts like a s1itch alon" 1ith the 1ireless local loo/. The n2%6erin" /lan is )le9i6le so that it can 6e %o,i)ie, as /er the re=2ire%ents. The tones- anno2nce%ents- %eterin"- char"in"s1itchin"- ro2tin" an, s/ecial ser(ices are /ro(i,e, 6+ the Ms1itch /artH o) the corDECT s+ste%. 0lternati(el+- corDECT can also 6e con)i"2re, as an 0ccess Net1ork connecte, to a %ain e9chan"e 2sin" ITD-T s/eci)ie, access /rotocol V5.&.0 trans/arent (ersion 1ith t1o-1ire analo" inter)ace to an+ e9chan"e is also a(aila6le )or =2ick rollo2t. CorDECT has 6een ,esi"ne, to 6e a %o,2lar s+ste%. ;hile the 6asic 2nit /ro(i,es ser(ice to 2/ to 5''' s26scri6ers- %2lti/le corDECT s+ste%s can 6e connecte, to"ether 2sin" a transit s1itch. The s+ste% has 6een ,esi"ne, in s2ch a 1a+ that the initial in(est%ent )or the Ci9e, .art is lo1. C2rther- since this sche%e ,oes not re=2ire )re=2enc+ /lannin"- the installations nee, not 6e coor,inate,. Co2/le, 1ith the lo1 costit th2s %akes corDECT one o) the %ost (ersatile ;ireless in 7ocal 7oo/ s+ste%s a(aila6le to,a+.
&&
corDECT
o<er other 0
.y.tem
;77 incl2,e (ario2s s+ste%s s2ch as .AS- CDM0- an, DECT. No1 here 1e 1ill co%/are the corDECT ;77 s+ste% 1ith other s+ste%s. Microcell2lar s+ste%s s2ch as those 6ase, on DECT or .AS are the onl+ 1ireless s+ste%s that can /ro(i,e hi"h ca/acit+ 2sin" (er+ %o,est 6an,1i,ths. Macrocell2lar architect2res ha(e the a,(anta"e that onl+ three or )o2r 6ase stations nee, to 6e set 2/ in a cit+. The %icrocell2lar architect2re on the other han, ,e%an,s installation o) se(eral tho2san, 6ase stations on the streets an, 1ith /h+sical 1irin" 6et1een the 6ase stations an, the DID. Des/ite this (er+ lar"e n2%6er o) 6ase stations an, so%e 1irin" re=2ire, 6et1een the DID an, 6ase stations in the corDECT s+ste%. Still it has cost an, o/erational a,(anta"es o(er %acrocell2lar s+ste%s. Macrocell2lar s+ste%s s2ch as CDM0 or DCS:5$''- )or instance- /ro(i,e a co%/lete 1ireless local loo/ )ro% the e9chan"e to the s26scri6ers. B2t s2ch %acrocell2lar s+ste%s ha(e li%itations in ter%s o) the ,ensit+ o) s26scri6ers the+ can cater to on a "i(en 6an,1i,th. The hi"hest ca/acit+ clai% has not e9cee,e, &5-''' )or a %etro/olitan cit+- ass2%in" t+/ical tele/hone 2se o) 5' /er cent. This %o,est ca/acit+ is achie(e, 6+ 2sin" lo1 6it-rate- s/eech-s/eci)ic co%/ression techni=2es to re,2ce 6an,1i,th /er call. The lo1 6it-rate co%/ression techni=2es e%/lo+e, 6+ %acrocell2lar architect2res to conser(e 6an,1i,th are consi,ere, technolo"ical /l2s-/oints onl+ in (al2e-a,,e, ser(ices like cell2lar tele/hones. The co%/ression al"orith%s that take the 6it-rate ,o1n to $k6/s or lo1er 6+ e9/loitin" s/eech-s/eci)ic )eat2res cannot han,le nons/eech %o,e% or )a9 si"nals. T0B7E @.5: Co%/arison: corDECT 1ith Macrocell2lar corDECT Man+- Ine9/ensi(e &''% to 3 k% S2//orte, 7o1- .e,estrian Ai"h B))ices- Resi,ential area &3 Macro cellular Ce1 - E9/ensi(e >k% to 5$k% Not s2//orte, Ai"h- 02to%o6ile 7o1 Mo6iles .re/are, B+:Bri al Shah
corDECT
The co%/act 6ase station 1ill cost %2ch less than /resent-,a+ 6ase stations o) %acrocell2lar co%%2nications s+ste%s. Tho2san,s o) s2ch 6ase stations are alrea,+ in /lace in Ja/an. Macrocell2lar s+ste%s like CDM0 2se a6o2t @' KAI /er channel. S2ch s+ste%s re=2ire )ar )e1er 6ase stations 62t o))er (oice:,ata 6it rate o) 4.@ to 53 k6/s- an, ser(e 2/ to 3& s26scri6ers /er s=2are kilo%eter i) the cell ra,i2s is 5'-kilo%eters 1ith three sectors- ass2%in" /er)ect re2se o) )re=2enc+ in e(er+ sector. The ESM:DCS 5$'' 2ses sli"htl+ less s/ectr2% /er channel !5' kAI# an, has a re2se e))icienc+ o) one in )o2r cells. The s26scri6er ,ensit+ ser(e, is th2s e(en lo1er. Bn the other han,- %icrocell2lar s+ste%s like DECT an, .AS s+ste%s co2l, s2//ort 2/ to >''' s26scri6ers 1hen 6ase station ra,i2s is &5'-%eters. 0ccor,in" to corDECT %an2)act2rers- this )eat2re o) %o,2lar e9/ansion 1ill hel/ ser(ice /ro(i,ers a(oi, i,le in(est%ents. Ne1 6ase stations can 6e installe, as the n2%6er o) s26scri6ers "ro1s. T0B7E @.&: Co%/arison: corDECT 1ith CDM0 Cre=2enc+ .lannin" .o1er .lannin" Voice N2alit+ S26scri6er Densit+ Ser(ices S2//orte, DECT Not re=2ire, No /o1er /lannin" 3& k6/s Ver+ Ai"h Voice:)a9:,ata: CDMA Re=2ire, .o1er /lannin" is co%/le9 4.@-53 k6/s 7o1 7i%ite, ,ata han,lin"
The in)rastr2ct2re cost o) 6ase station an, 6ase station controller in %acro s+ste%s is a si"ni)icant /art o) the total /er line cost. The cost o) the 6ase station an, the DID in DECT an, .AS t+/e o) s+ste%s is a s%aller )raction o) the total cost. Co%/letel+ 1ireless %acrocell2lar s+ste%s 1ill contin2e to 6e /ri%e can,i,ates )or s/eci)ic a//lications ,e%an,in" )ast installation. B2t /ro/onents o) the %icrocell2lar .AS an, DECT sa+ costs are likel+ to 6e a 6ottleneck )or s2ch %acrocell2lar s+ste%s. T0B7E @.3: Co%/arison: corDECT 1ith .AS DECT N2%6er o) si%2ltaneo2s call 5& N2%6er o) s2//orte, 6ase &' &4 PHS 3 @$ .re/are, B+:Bri al Shah
corDECT stations Total S26scri6ers:Base Station .o1er 0t Base Station Aan, /orta6le RC /o1er Ser(ices S2//orte,
S)STEM
Merit.: ? corDECT is the %ost cost e))ecti(e ;ireless in 7ocal 7oo/ s+ste% to /ro(i,e Basic Tele/hon+ an, Internet access on a sa%e line. Ai"hl+ Cost e))icient. It can 6e easil+ i%/le%ente, 1ith )e1er e))orts. Re=2ires less %aintenance. It can 1ork e))icientl+ in harsh en(iron%ents 1itho2t nee, )or air con,itionin". The /o1er cons2%/tion o) the corDECT e9chan"e is (er+ lo1. It can 6e i%/le%ente, in lar"e re"ion in r2ral areas an, s%all re"ion in 2r6an area. It has hi"h s26scri6er ,ensit+ an, s26scri6er ,ensit+ increases as ra,i2s o) 1orkin" ran"e ,ecreases !re) ta6le >.5# S26scri6er ,ensit+ is in(ersel+ /ro/ortional to the s=2are o) cell ra,i2s. The i%/lication o) this can 6e seen 6+ a e9a%/le: Cor e.".- i) N O &''- e O '.5 Erlan"- the ca/acit+ !s26scri6er ,ensit+# (aries 1ith cell ra,i2s as )ollo1s: Ta-le B.2 Cell radius ( r ) r O &5 k% r O 5' k% r O 3 k% r O 5 k% r O 5'' % Subscriber density (S.D.) SD P 5 /er s=. k% SD P @ /er s=. k% SD P >' /er s=. k% SD P @4' /er s=. k% SD P &55' /er s=. k%
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corDECT
Demerit.: ? 7ar"e n2%6ers o) 6ase stations are re=2ire, )or /ro/er co%%2nication in 2r6an areas. S%all cell ra,i2s is ,esire, to increase s26scri6er<s ,ensit+.
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corDECT 9. Multi?!arrier TDMA 0 (er+ i%/ortant ,i))erence that sets DECT a/art )ro% con(entional TDM0 s+ste%s is that all the slots in a TDM0 )ra%e nee, not 6e trans%itte, on the sa%e )re=2enc+. Each o) the 5& slots co2l, 6e on a ,i))erent )re=2enc+- tho2"h the /air o) slots 2se, )or each TDD link %2st 6e on the sa%e )re=2enc+. This (ariation o) TDM0 is calle, M2lti-Carrier TDM0 !MC-TDM0# an, is the ke+ to the hi"h ca/acit+ achie(e, 6+ DECT. The 5& slot-/airs an, 5' )re=2encies "i(e rise to 5&' channels- as i) the+ 1ere in,e/en,ent o) one another. 0 ;allset can o/erate on one or %ore o) these 5&' channels- 1hile a Base Station recei(es an, trans%its on a %a9i%2% o) 5& o) the% at a "i(en ti%e. The conce/t o) MC- TDM0 is ill2strate, in Ci"2re 0.& )or a h+/othetical )ra%e o) three slots- 1ith each slot e%/lo+in" a ,i))erent )re=2enc+.
>. Tran.mit Po4er The /o1er trans%itte, 6+ ;allset or Base Station is &5' %; ,2rin" the 62rst- or a6o2t 5' %; a(era"e /o1er. This ties in 1ith the nee, )or s%all cells to increase )re=2enc+ re-2se an, conser(es 6atter+ /o1er. @. $oi+e Di,itiEation
DECT e%/lo+s 3& k6/s 0D.CM. This ens2res toll =2alit+ an, /er%its all the ,ata !)a9:%o,e%# ser(ices a(aila6le )ro% a con(entional 1ire, connection. It is also /ossi6le to occ2/+ a ,o26le-slot to trans%it at @4 k6/s 1ith error connection. This can 6e 2se, )or .CM or )or ,ata connecti(it+. A. Modulation DECT e%/lo+s Ea2ssian Cre=2enc+ Shi)t Ke+in" !ECSK# 1ith a Ea2ssian Cilter !BTO'.5#. Bnl+ >5J o) the 62rst rate o) 5.55& M6/s is 2se, )or (oice. DECT e%/lo+s 0D.CM )or its hi"h (oice =2alit+ an, ECSK 6eca2se transcei(er cost is re,2ce,. B+ thro1in" in "enero2s si"nalin" ca/acit+- DECT is a6le to e%/lo+ a (er+ so/histicate, channel selection /roce,2re. This is the %ost i%/ortant as/ect o) DECT 1hich sets it a/art )ro% e9istin" cell2lar s+ste%s an, is ,isc2sse, 6elo1. &> .re/are, B+:Bri al Shah
corDECT
CorDECT is co%%erciall+ o/erate, 6+ MTN7 in 6oth its %etro net1orks !M2%6ai * Delhi# )or o(er a +ear no1- an, MTN7 has initiate, a secon, /hase /roc2re%ent )or 6oth these cities recentl+. BSN7 !)or%erl+ the DoT# has teste, corDECT in three o) its cities )or nearl+ a +ear- an, is in the /rocess o) in,2ctin" it in a total o) &4 cities. Be)ore this co2l, ha//en- corDECT ha, to "o thro2"h the strin"ent t+/e a//ro(al /rocess o) TEC- an, then 6e a//ro(e, 6+ the DoT N0 a"enc+. C2rrentl+- there are )iel, trials 2n,er1a+ in Iran- E"+/t an, Re%en. Co%%ercial corDECT s+ste%s are also o/erational in 0r"entina- BraIil- T2nisia an, Ni"eria. B2tsi,e o) In,ia- corDECT is %an2)act2re, 2n,er license 6+ BBS 0ccess in Sin"a/ore an, 6+ &$ .re/are, B+:Bri al Shah
corDECT B%nico% in T2nisia. corDECT 1ill 6e %an2)act2re, soon locall+ in BraIil too- to take a,(anta"e o) their /re)erential ta9 re"i%e an, attracti(e )inancin" sche%es a(aila6le )ro% their state o1ne, )inancial instit2tions )or locall+ %an2)act2re, /ro,2cts.
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corDECT
Bi6lio"ra/h+
REFEREN!ES:? 2. 3. 9. >. 5. BOO&S:? 0illiam .tallin,: H4irele.. +ommuni+ation. and net4or5.I# 3nd Edition JDelhi: pear.on edu+ation# a.ia 3773 http:FF444.de+t.+hFpu-li+do+.Fte+hni+aldo+ument.pd/ http:FF444.de+t4e-.+om http:FF444.et.i.or,Fpre..roomFarti+le.Fde+tG37arti+le.pd/ 444.+4+.nu..edu..,F+4+pu-FE/ile.Fapp+.pd/ 444.tenet.re..inFpaper.F+orde+t.pd/
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corDECT
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