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MRTG is a wonderful tool. You can use it to monitor traffic on your router or leased server located at remote IDC. Since it is written in Perl and some code in C language, it is portable and high performance tool.
What is MRTG?
From the mrtg(1) man page: The Multi Router Traffic Grapher (MRTG) is a tool to monitor the traffic load on network-links. MRTG generates HTML pages containing GIF images which provide a LIVE visual representation of this traffic. Please note following discussion based upon Red Hat Linux Enterprise version 3 update 2 and RHEL v4.0.
Assumptions of Knowledge
I have made the following assumptions about your knowledge before reading thtutorial and discussing the hardware/software you will need to use:
Linux distribution - RHEL 3.x/ 4.x+. If you are using CentOS or RHEL 6.x, please see this updated tutorial here. Install MRTG using rpm command. If you are looking for source installation then visit author's web site here. This page has an excellent set of information on installing mrtg from source. Required RPMs o mrtg o snmp o snmp-utils Installations were tested on Red Hat Enterprise Linux version 3 update 2.
Configuration
Make sure snmp server is working. Without proper working snmp server, mrtg will not work. Therefore, first step is making sure snmp up and running. Following steps will take you gradually to configure it.
Step # 1: Make sure snmp server installed Step # 2: Determine if snmp server is running or not Step # 3 Make sure snmp server configured properly Step # 4 Install mrtg if not installed Step # 5 Configure mrtg Step # 6 First test run of mrtg Step # 7: Create crontab entry so that mrtg graph / images get generated every 5 minutes Step # 8: Block ports 161, 162 udp at firewall. Step # 9: Optional protect your MRTG graphs/html pages with password protected directory
# yum install net-snmp-utils net-snmp (b) If you are older RHEL v4.x/v.3.x subscriber, use up2date command as follows: # up2date -v -i net-snmp-utils net-snmp
Alternatively, you can try any one of the following commands: # lsof -i :199 Output:
COMMAND snmpd PID USER 5512 root FD 4u TYPE DEVICE SIZE NODE NAME IPv4 34432 TCP *:smux (LISTEN)
If you found snmp service is running or listing on port 199, see step #3; otherwise start the snmp service using the following command: # service snmpd start Make sure snmpd service starts automatically, when linux comes us (add snmpd service): # chkconfig --add snmpd Turn on snmpd service, enter: # chkconfig snmpd on
If you see your IP address, proceed to step 4; else it is a time to configure snmp server as follows (by default RHEL and older Redhat v8/9 are not configured for snmp server for security reason):
Configure SNMP
(1) Edit the file /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf using a text editor such as vi, enter: # vi /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf Change/Modify line(s) as follows: Find the following Line: com2sec notConfigUser default public
Replace with (make sure you replace 192.168.0.0/24 with your network/subnet) the following lines: com2sec local localhost public public
Scroll down a bit and change: Find Lines: group group Replace with: group group group group group group MyRWGroup MyRWGroup MyRWGroup MyROGroup MyROGroup MyROGroup v1 v2c usm v1 v2c usm local local local mynetwork mynetwork mynetwork notConfigGroup v1 notConfigGroup v2c notConfigUser notConfigUser
Again scroll down a bit and locate the following line: Find line: view Replace with: view all included .1 80 systemview included system
Again scroll down a bit and change the following line: Find line: access notConfigGroup "" any noauth exact systemview
any any
noauth noauth
exact exact
all all
none all
none none
Scroll down a bit and change the following lines: Find lines: syslocation Unknown (edit /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf) syscontact Root (configure /etc/snmp/snmp.local.conf)
Replace with (make sure you supply appropriate values): syslocation Linux (RH3_UP2), Home Linux Router. syscontact YourNameHere <you@example.com> For your convenient, here is my /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf file. Feel free to use this file. Make sure you make a backup of your existing file. Start your snmp server and test it: (a) Make sure when linux comes up snmpd always starts after the system reboot: # chkconfig snmpd on (b) Start the snmpd service: # service snmpd start (c) Finally, test your snmp server: # snmpwalk -v 1 -c public localhost IP-MIB::ipAdEntIfIndex
rpm -qa | grep mrtg If mrtg already installed, see step # 5; else use rpmfind.net to find MRTG rpm or up2date command to install MRTG software:
# up2date -v -i mrtg Fedora / RHEL v.5+/ Centos v.5.x+ Linux user can use the yum command as follows to install MRTG:
# cfgmaker --global 'WorkDir: /var/www/html/mymrtg' --output /etc/mrtg/mymrtg1.cfg public@rh9.test.com (c) Create a default index page for your MRTG configuration, run: # indexmaker --output=/var/www/html/mymrtg/index.html /etc/mrtg/mymrtg.cfg (d) Copy all tiny png files to your mrtg path, run: # cp -av /var/www/html/mrtg/*.png /var/www/html/mymrtg/
Step # 7 Create crontab entry so that mrtg graph / images get generated every 5 minutes
(a) Login as a root user or login as a mrtg user and type the following command: # crontab -e (b) Add mrtg cron job entry to configuration file (append following line to it): */5 * * * * /usr/bin/mrtg /etc/mrtg/mymrtg.cfg --logging /var/log/mrtg.log Close and save file. You are done with MRTG configuration. See how to add jobs to cron Under Linux or UNIX for more info.
SERVER="xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx" iptables -A OUTPUT -p udp -s $SERVER --sport 1024:65535 -d 0/0 --dport 161:162 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p udp -s 0/0 --sport 161:162 -d $SERVER --dport 1024:65535 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT (b ) Allow incoming SNMP client request via iptables. This is useful when you wish to accept queries for rest of the world (replace SERVER IP with your real IP):
SERVER="xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx" iptables -A INPUT -p udp -s 0/0 --sport 1024:65535 -d $SERVER --dport 161:162 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p udp -s $SERVER --sport 161:162 -d 0/0 --dport 1024:65535 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT Pleae note that above two are just SNMP specific iptables rules. Please consult iptables(8) man page or our CentOS / Redhat Iptables Firewall Configuration Tutorial for complete information on iptables.
tep # 9 Optional: Protect your MRTG graphs/html pages with password protected directory
Once again, you would like to restrict access to your MRTG reports. This can easily accomplished with Apache webserver's .htaccess file. If you are on webhosting server with control panel (such as ensim or plesk) then you can use control panel itself to create password-protected directory. Steps to protect graphs using apache's .htaccess file and htpasswd command: Step # 1: Create .htaccess file in /var/www/html/mymrtg/ directory and append the following directives: vi /var/www/html/mymrtg/.htaccess Add following text to file: AuthName "MRTG Graphs/Html restricted access" AuthType Basic AuthUserFile /var/members/.htpasswd require user mrtgadmin Step # 2: Create a user account and password. The -c option assumes that you are creating .htpasswd file first time: # htpasswd -c /var/members/.htpasswd mrtgadmin For more information please see our Apache Webserver Authentication and access control minihowto.
MRTG home page: http://people.ee.ethz.ch/~oetiker/webtools/mrtg/ SNMP home page: http://net-snmp.sourceforge.net/ MRTG authors installation by compiling source code: http://people.ee.ethz.ch/~oetiker/webtools/mrtg/mrtg-unix-guide.html SNMP How-to: http://www.rescomp.berkeley.edu/about/training/senior/progs/SNMPHOWTO/SNMP-HOWTO.html Linux (UNIX) Man pages : snmpd.conf(5), snmpwalk(1), cfgmaker(1), indexmaker(1), mrtg(1), rpm(8), crontab(1) Other MRTG tutorial: Links to tons of mrtg config docs & tutorial Special Case: MRTG Red hat enterprise Linux Virtuozzo VPS configuration See Recommend books for SNMP & MRTG