Demographics of India - Opt

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1
Demographics of India
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Population of India, 1961-2003

Population:
1,220,800,359 (2013 est.) (2nd)
Growth rate:
1.41% (2009 est.) (93rd)
Birth rate:
22.22 births/1,000 population (2009 est.)
Death rate:
1.4 deaths/1,000 population (2009 est.)
Life expectancy:
69.89 years (2009 est.)
male:
67.46 years (2009 est.)
female:
72.61 years (2009 est.)
Fertility rate:
2.5 children born/woman (SRS 2010)
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[1]
(82nd)
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Infant mortality rate: 30.15 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 est.)

Age structure
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0-14 years:
15-64 years:
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65-over:
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At birth:
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31.1% (male 190,075,426/female 172,799,553) (2009 est.)

63.6% (male 381,446,079/female 359,802,209) (2009 est.)
5.3% (male 29,364,920/female 32,591,030) (2009 est.)
Sex ratio
1.12 male(s)/female (2009 est.)
Under 15:
15-64 years:
65-over:
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The demographics of India are inclusive of the second

most populous country in the world, with over 1.21 billion
people (2011 census), more than a sixth of the world's
population. Already containing 17.5% of the world's
population, India is projected to be the world's most
populous country by 2025, surpassing China, its population
reaching 1.6 billion by 2050.[3][4] Its population growth rate
is 1.41%, ranking 102nd in the world in 2010.[]
India has more than 50% of its population below the age of
25 and more than 65% below the age of 35. It is expected
that, in 2020, the average age of an Indian will be 29 years,
compared to 37 for China and 48 for Japan; and, by 2030,
India's dependency ratio should be just over 0.4.[5]
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Crude birth rate trends in India

[][2]
(per 1000 people, national average)
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[6]
India has more than two thousand ethnic groups, and

every major religion is represented, as are four major
families of languages (Indo-European, Dravidian,
Austroasiatic and Tibeto-Burman languages) as well as two
language isolates (the Nihali language[] spoken in parts of
Maharashtra and the Burushaski language spoken in parts
of Jammu and Kashmir).
Further complexity is lent by the great variation that occurs
across this population on social parameters such as income
and education. Only the continent of Africa exceeds the
linguistic, genetic and cultural diversity of the nation of
India.[7]
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Salient features
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Infant mortality rate trends in India

(per 1000 births, under age 1, national average)
India occupies 2.4% of the world's land area and supports over 17.5% of the world's population. Per the 2001 census,
72.2% of the population[8] lives in about 638,000 villages[9] and the remaining 27.8%[8] lives in more than 5,100
towns and over 380 urban agglomerations.[10]
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India's population exceeds that of the entire continent of Africa by 200 million people.[11]
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Comparative demographics
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Category
Global Ranking Notes (Reference)
Area
7th
[]
Population
2nd
[]
Population growth rate
102nd of 212
as of 2010
[]
[]
Population density
24th of 212
(people per square kilometer of land area)
as of 2010
Male to Female ratio, at birth
as of 2009
[12]
12th of 214
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List of States and Union territories by demographics
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Historical population
of India[]
Census
Rank
State or union
territory
Population
(2011)
[]
Pop.
1951
361,088,000
1961
439,235,000
21.6%
1971
548,160,000
24.8%
1981
683,329,000
24.7%
1991
846,387,888
23.9%
2001
1,028,737,436
21.5%
2011
1,210,193,422
17.6%
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Uttar Pradesh
199,581,520
Maharashtra
112,372,972
9.29%
Bihar
103,804,637
West Bengal
Andhra Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
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p
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o
Urban
[]
Pop.
Area
[]
km
Density
(per km)
Area mi
Density
(per mi)
Sex
[]
ratio
34,539,582
240,928
828
93,022.8
2146
908
55,777,647
41,100,980
307,713
365
118,808.7
815
925
8.58%
74,316,709
8,681,800
94,163
1,102
36,356.5
2,855
916
91,347,736
7.55%
57,748,946
22,427,251
88,752
1,030
34,267.3
2,666
947
84,665,533
7.00%
55,401,067
20,808,940
275,045
308
106,195.5
797
992
72,597,565
6.00%
44,380,878
15,967,145
308,245
236
119,014.1
610
930
Tamil Nadu
72,138,958
5.96%
34,921,681
27,483,998
130,058
555
50,215.7
1,437
995
Rajasthan
68,621,012
5.67%
43,292,813
13,214,375
342,239
201
132,139.2
519
926
Karnataka
61,130,704
5.05%
34,889,033
17,961,529
191,791
319
74,050.9
826
968
Gujarat
60,383,628
4.99%
31,740,767
18,930,250
196,024
308
75,685.3
798
918
11
Odisha
41,947,358
3.47%
31,287,422
5,517,238
155,707
269
60,118.8
698
978
12
Kerala
33,387,677
2.76%
23,574,449
8,266,925
38,863
859
15,005.1
2,225
1,084
13
Jharkhand
32,966,238
2.72%
20,952,088
5,993,741
79,714
414
30,777.7
1071
947
14
Assam
31,169,272
2.58%
23,216,288
3,439,240
78,438
397
30,285.1
1029
954
15
Punjab
27,704,236
2.29%
16,096,488
8,262,511
50,362
550
19,444.9
1,425
893
16
Chhattisgarh
25,540,196
2.11%
16,648,056
4,185,747
135,191
189
52,197.5
489
991
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8
9
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10
c
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p
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t
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16.49% 131,658,339
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Rural
[]
Pop.
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17
Haryana
25,353,081
2.09%
15,029,260
6,115,304
44,212
573
17,070.3
1,485
877
18
Jammu and
Kashmir
12,548,926
1.04%
7,627,062
2,516,638
222,236
56
85,805.8
146
883
19
Uttarakhand
10,116,752
0.84%
6,310,275
2,179,074
53,483
189
20,649.9
490
963
20
Himachal Pradesh
6,856,509
0.57%
5,482,319
595,581
55,673
123
21,495.5
319
974
21
Tripura
3,671,032
0.30%
2,653,453
545,750
10,486
350
4,048.7
907
921
22
Meghalaya
2,964,007
0.24%
1,864,711
454,111
22,429
132
8,659.9
342
986
23
Manipur
2,721,756
0.22%
1,590,820
575,968
22,327
122
8,620.5
316
987
24
Nagaland
1,980,602
0.16%
1,647,249
342,787
16,579
119
6,401.2
309
931
25
Goa
1,457,723
0.12%
677,091
670,577
3,702
394
1,429.4
1020
968
26
Arunachal Pradesh
1,382,611
0.11%
870,087
227,881
83,743
17
32,333.4
27
Mizoram
1,091,014
0.09%
447,567
441,006
21,081
52
8,139.4
28
Sikkim
607,688
0.05%
480,981
59,870
7,096
86
2,739.8
UT1
Delhi
16,753,235
1.38%
944,727
12,905,780
11,297
9,340
UT2
Puducherry
1,244,464
0.10%
325,726
648,619
479
2,598
UT3
Chandigarh
1,054,686
0.09%
92,120
808,515
114
UT4
Andaman and
Nicobar Islands
379,944
0.03%
239,954
116,198
8,249
UT5
Dadra and Nagar

Haveli
342,853
0.03%
170,027
50,463
UT6
Daman and Diu
242,911
0.02%
100,856
UT7
Lakshadweep
64,429
0.01%
33,683
Total India
920
134
975
222
889
572.6
29,258
866
184.9
6,730
1,038
9,252
44.0
23,970
818
46
3,185.0
119
878
698
189.6
1,808
775
112
2,169
43.2
5,623
618
32
2,013
12.4
5,196
946
382 1,269,210.5
954
940
491
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Rank
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India/State/UT
p
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01
Uttar Pradesh
02
Madhya Pradesh
03
Bihar
04
Maharashtra
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p
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1,210,193,422 100.00% 833,087,662 377,105,760 3,287,240
States in India
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26,967
c
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43
n
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57,348
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No. of districts in 2001 No. of Districts in 2011 No. of Districts without any geographical cha
71
75
45
50
36
37
38
34
35
35
31
05
Rajasthan
32
33
18
06
Tamil Nadu
30
32
25
07
Karnataka
27
30
24
08
Odisha
30
30
26
09
Assam
23
27
15
10
Gujarat
25
26
20
11
Jharkhand
18
24
12
Andhra Pradesh
23
23
23
13
Jammu and Kashmir
14
22
14
Haryana
19
21
17
15
Punjab
17
20
16
West Bengal
18
19
17
17
Chhattisgarh
16
27
18
Kerala
14
14
14
19
Arunachal Pradesh
13
16
10
20
Uttarakhand
13
13
11
21
Himachal Pradesh
12
12
12
22
Nagaland
11
23
Delhi
24
Manipur
25
Mizoram
26
Meghalaya
27
Sikkim
28
Tripura
29
Puducherry
30
Andaman and Nicobar Islands 2
31
Goa
32
Daman and Diu
33
Dadra and Nagar Haveli
34
Chandigarh
35
Lakshadweep
INDIA
593
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Religious demographics
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1
1
640
All religions
Population
464
Percent
1,028,610,328 100.00%
Hindus
827,578,868
80.5%
Muslims
138,188,240
13.4%
Christians
24,080,016
2.3%
Sikhs
19,215,730
1.9%
Buddhists
7,955,207
0.8%
Jains
4,225,053
0.4%
Bah's
1 953 112
0.18%
Others
4,686,588
0.32%
Religion not stated 727,588
0.1%
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Religions of India[13][14][15]
Religion
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2
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[]
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The table below summarizes India's demographics (excluding Mao-Maram, Paomata and Purul subdivisions of
Senapati District of Manipur state due to cancellation of census results) according to religion per 2001 census in
percent. The data is "unadjusted" (without excluding Assam and Jammu and Kashmir); The 1981 census was not
conducted in Assam and the 1991 census was not conducted in Jammu and Kashmir.
Table 2: Census information for 2001

[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
Hindus Muslims Christians Sikhs Buddhist Jains Others1
Composition
% total of population 2001
80.5%
13.4%
2.3%
1.9%
0.8%
0.4%
0.6%
20.3%
29.5%
22.6%
18.2%
24.5%
26.0%
103.1%
935
940
1009
895
955
940
1000
60.0%
90.3%
70.4%
73.0%
95.0%
50.0%
40.4
31.3
39.7
37.7
40.6
32.9
48.4
[]
944
953
1001
895
958
937
995
Urban sex ratio
[]
922
907
1026
886
944
Child sex ratio (06 yrs)
925
950
964
786
942
10-Yr Growth % (est '91'01)
[]
No. of females/1000 males. (avg. = 944)
[16] 75.5%
Literacy rate (71.7% for Age 7 and above)

Work Participation Rate
Rural sex ratio
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c
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p
941
966
870
976
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p
^1 including Bah's, Jews, and Parsis. Tribal Animists (and non religious) are included after 1926 (1931 census
onwards)
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Neonatal and infant demographics
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The table below presents the infant mortality rate trends in India, by gender, in last 15 years. In urban areas of India,
average male infant mortality rates are slightly higher than female infant mortality rates.
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Infant mortality demographic trends of India per 1000 births
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Year Infant (0-1 year), Male Infant (0-1 year), Female Reference
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1998 70
2005 56
p
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2009 49
t
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74
[17]
58
[18]
52
[19]
Some activists believe India's 2011 census shows a serious decline in the number of girls under the age of seven activists fear eight million female foetuses may have been aborted between 2001 and 2011.[20] These claims are
controversial. Scientists who study human sex ratios and demographic trends suggest that birth sex ratio between
1.08 to 1.12 can be because of natural factors, such as the age of mother at baby's birth, age of father at baby's birth,
number of babies per couple, economic stress, endocrinological factors, etc.[] The 2011 census birth sex ratio in
India, of 917 girls to 1000 boys, is similar to 870-930 girls to 1000 boys birth sex ratios observed in Japanese,
Chinese, Cuban, Filipino and Hawaiian ethnic groups in the United States between 1940 to 2005. They are also
similar to birth sex ratios below 900 girls to 1000 boys observed in mothers of different age groups and gestation
periods in the United States.[][21]
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Population within the age group of 0-6

State/UT Code
Females
2,008,642
1,080,662
434554
02
Himachal Pradesh
763,864
400,681
363,183
03
Punjab
2,941,570
1,593,262
1,348,308
04
Chandigarh
117,953
63,187
54,766
05
Uttarakhand
1,328,844
704,769
624,075
06
Haryana
3,297,724
1,802,047
1,495,677
07
Delhi
1,970,510
1,055,735
914,775
08
Rajasthan
10,504,916
5,580,212
4,924,704
09
Uttar Pradesh
29,728,235
15,653,175 14,075,060
10
Bihar
18,582,229
9,615,280
8,966,949
11
Sikkim
61,077
31,418
29,659
12
Arunachal Pradesh
202,759
103,430
99,329
13
Nagaland
285,981
147,111
138,870
14
Manipur
353,237
182,684
170,553
15
Mizoram
165,536
83,965
81,571
16
Tripura
444,055
227,354
216,701
17
Meghalaya
555,822
282,189
273,633
18
Assam
4,511,307
2,305,088
2,206,219
19
West Bengal
10,112,599
5,187,264
4,925,335
20
Jharkhand
5,237,582
2,695,921
2,541,661
21
Odisha
5,035,650
2,603,208
2,432,442
22
Chhattisgarh
3,584,028
1,824,987
1,759,041
Madhya Pradesh
10,548,295
5,516,957
5,031,338
Gujarat
7,494,176
3,974,286
3,519,890
Daman and Diu
25,880
13,556
12,324
26
49,196
25,575
23,621
27
Maharashtra
12,848,375
6,822,262
6,026,113
28
Andhra Pradesh
8,642,686
4,448,330
4,194,356
29
Karnataka
6,855,801
3,527,844
3,327,957
30
Goa
139,495
72,669
66,826
31
Lakshadweep
7,088
3,715
3,373
32
Kerala
3,322,247
1,695,935
1,626,312
33
Tamil Nadu
6,894,821
3,542,351
3,352,470
34
Puducherry
127,610
64,932
62,678
35
Andaman and Nicobar Islands 39,497
20,094
19,403
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INDIA
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158,789,287 82,952,135 75,837,152
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p
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p
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o
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p
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25
Males
Jammu and Kashmir
24
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Persons
01
23
t
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India/State/UT
[]
Population above the age of 7

State/UT Code
Males
Females
Jammu and Kashmir
10,540,284
5,584,889
4,955,385
02
Himachal Pradesh
6,092,645
3,073,211
3,019,434
03
Punjab
24,762,666
13,041,557
11,721,109
04
Chandigarh
936,733
517,095
419,638
05
Uttarakhand
8,787,908
4,449,409
4,338,499
06
Haryana
22,055,357
11,703,083
10,352,274
07
Delhi
14,782,725
7,920,675
6,862,050
08
Rajasthan
58,116,096
30,039,874
28,076,222
09
Uttar Pradesh
169,853,242
88,943,240
80,910,002
10
Bihar
85,222,408
44,570,067
40,652,341
11
Sikkim
546,611
290,243
256,368
12
Arunachal Pradesh
1,179,852
616,802
563,050
13
Nagaland
1,694,621
878,596
816,025
14
Manipur
2,368,519
1,187,080
1,181,439
15
Mizoram
925,478
468,374
457,104
16
Tripura
3,226,977
1,644,513
1,582,464
17
Meghalaya
2,408,185
1,210,479
1,197,706
18
Assam
26,657,965
13,649,839
13,008,126
19
West Bengal
81,235,137
41,740,125
39,495,012
20
Jharkhand
27,728,656
14,235,767
13,492,889
Odisha
36,911,708
18,598,470
18,313,238
Chhattisgarh
21,956,168
11,002,928
10,953,240
p
n
Madhya Pradesh
62,049,270
32,095,963
29,953,307
24
Gujarat
52,889,452
27,507,996
25,381,456
25
Daman and Diu
217,031
136,544
80,487
26
293,657
167,603
126,054
27
Maharashtra
99,524,597
51,539,135
47,985,462
28
Andhra Pradesh
76,022,847
38,061,551
37,961,296
29
Karnataka
54,274,903
27,529,898
26,745,005
30
Goa
1,318,228
668,042
650,186
31
Lakshadweep
57,341
29,391
27,950
32
Kerala
30,065,430
14,325,355
15,740,075
33
Tamil Nadu
65,244,137
32,616,520
32,627,617
34
Puducherry
1,116,854
545,553
571,301
35
Andaman and Nicobar Islands 340,447
182,236
158,211
23
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m
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c
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s
r
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p
a
p
n
o
i
t
s
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c
s
22
Persons
01
21
w
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India/State/UT
9
INDIA
1,051,404,135 540,772,113 510,632,022
[]
Literacy rate in India

State/UT Code
Jammu and Kashmir
68.74
78.26
58.01
02
Himachal Pradesh
83.78
90.83
76.60
03
Punjab
76.68
81.48
71.34
04
Chandigarh
86.43
90.54
81.38
05
Uttarakhand
79.63
88.33
70.70
06
Haryana
76.64
85.38
66.77
07
Delhi
86.34
91.03
80.93
08
Rajasthan
67.06
80.51
52.66
09
Uttar Pradesh
69.72
79.24
10
Bihar
63.82
73.39
11
Sikkim
82.20
87.29
12
Arunachal Pradesh
66.95
13
Nagaland
80.11
14
Manipur
79.85
15
Mizoram
91.58
16
Tripura
17
Meghalaya
18
Assam
19
a
p
73.69
59.57
83.29
76.69
86.49
73.17
93.72
89.40
87.75
92.18
83.15
75.48
77.17
73.78
73.18
78.81
67.27
West Bengal
77.08
82.67
71.16
Jharkhand
67.63
78.45
56.21
Odisha
73.45
82.40
64.36
Chhattisgarh
71.04
81.45
60.59
Madhya Pradesh
70.63
80.53
60.02
24
Gujarat
79.31
87.23
70.73
25
Daman and Diu
87.07
91.48
79.59
26
77.65
86.46
65.93
27
Maharashtra
82.91
89.82
75.48
28
Andhra Pradesh
67.66
75.56
59.74
29
Karnataka
75.60
82.85
68.13
30
Goa
87.40
92.81
81.84
31
Lakshadweep
92.28
96.11
88.25
32
Kerala
93.91
96.02
91.98
33
Tamil Nadu
80.33
86.81
73.86
34
Puducherry
86.55
92.12
81.22
23
t
.
s
e
u
q
c
s
p
n
22
i
t
n
o
m
o
76.43
c
.
s
r
e
p
59.26
53.33
21
Literate Persons (%) Males (%) Females (%)
01
20
w
w
India/State/UT
10
35
Andaman and Nicobar Islands 86.27
90.11
81.84
INDIA
82.14
65.46
74.04
[]
Linguistic demographics
43% of the Hindus speak Hindi while the rest speak Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi,
Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu and other languages. Almost 45% of the Muslims speak Urdu while the rest speak Assamese,
Bengali, Gujarati, Kashmiri, Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu and other languages. About one-third of the Christians speak
Malayalam, one-sixth speak Tamil while the rest speak a variety of languages. In total, there are 1,652 languages and
dialects spoken in India.[]
m
o
c
.
The table immediately below excludes Mao-Maram, Paomata and Purul subdivisions of Senapati District of Manipur
state due to cancellation of census results.
s
r
Languages of India by number of native speakers as per the 2001 census[22]

Rank
Bengali
83,369,769
8.11%
Telugu
74,002,856
7.19%
Marathi
71,936,894
Tamil
60,793,814
Urdu
Gujarati
Kannada
i
t
46,091,617
4.48%
37,924,011
3.69%
Malayalam
33,066,392
3.21%
Oriya
33,017,446
3.21%
Punjabi
29,102,477
2.83%
12
Assamese
13,168,484
1.28%
13
Maithili
12,179,122
1.18%
14
Bhili/Bhilodi
9,582,957
0.93%
15
Santali
6,469,600
0.63%
16
Kashmiri
5,527,698
0.54%
17
Nepali
2,871,749
0.28%
18
Gondi
2,713,790
0.26%
19
Sindhi
2,535,485
0.25%
20
Konkani
2,489,015
0.24%
21
Dogri
2,282,589
0.22%
22
Khandeshi
2,075,258
0.20%
23
Kurukh
1,751,489
0.17%
24
Tulu
1,722,768
0.17%
25
Meitei (Manipuri) 1,466,705*
u
q
c
s
11
w
w
s
e
a
p
n
o
6.99%
5.91%
51,536,111
e
p
Percentage
[23] 422,048,642 41.03%

Hindi dialects
10
t
.
Speakers
p
n
Language
5.01%
0.14%
11
26
Bodo
1,350,478
0.13%
27
Khasi - Garo
1,128,575
0.112%
28
Mundari
1,061,352
0.105%
29
Ho
1,042,724
0.103%
Vital statistics
UN estimates[24]
Period
Births per
year
Deaths per
year
Natural change
per year
CBR1
CDR1
NC1
TFR1
19501955
16,832,000
9,928,000
6,904,000
43.3
25.5
17.7
5.90
19551960
17,981,000
9,686,000
8,295,000
42.1
22.7
19.4
5.90
19601965
19,086,000
9,358,000
9,728,000
40.4
19.8
20.6
19651970
20,611,000
9,057,000
11,554,000
39.2
17.2
19701975
22,022,000
8,821,000
13,201,000
37.5
15.0
19751980
24,003,000
8,584,000
15,419,000
36.3
19801985
25,577,000
8,763,000
16,814,000
34.5
19851990
26,935,000
9,073,000
17,862,000
32.5
a
p
19901995
27,566,000
9,400,000
18,166,000
19952000
27,443,000
9,458,000
17,985,000
20002005
27,158,000
9,545,000
17,614,000
20052010
27,271,000
9,757,000
17,514,000
c
.
s
r
165.0
153.1
5.82
140.1
5.69
128.5
22.5
5.26
118.0
23.3
4.89
106.4
11.8
22.7
4.47
95.0
10.9
21.5
4.11
85.1
30.0
10.2
19.8
3.72
76.4
27.2
9.4
17.8
3.31
68.9
24.8
8.7
16.1
2.96
60.7
23.1
8.3
14.8
2.73
52.9
e
p
22.0
13.0
n
o
i
t
s
e
m
o
IMR1
u
q
CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of
children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births
c
s
Sample Registration System[25][26]
p
n
Average population
(x 1000)
Live
births1
Deaths1
Natural
change
Crude birth rate

(per 1000)
Crude death rate

(per 1000)
716 493
24 289
000
8 956
000
15 333 000
33.9
12.5
21.4
733 152
24 781
000
8 725
000
16 056 000
33.8
11.9
21.9
1983
750 034
25 276
000
8 925
000
16 351 000
33.7
11.9
21.8
1984
767 147
26 006
000
9 666
000
16 340 000
33.9
12.6
21.3
1985
784 491
25 810
000
9 257
000
16 553 000
32.9
11.8
21.1
1986
802 052
26 147
000
8 903
000
17 244 000
32.6
11.1
21.5
t
.
1981
w
w
1982
Natural change Total Fertility

(per 1000)
Rate
12
1987
819 800
26 316
000
8 936
000
17 380 000
32.1
10.9
21.2
1988
837 700
26 388
000
9 215
000
17 173 000
31.5
11.0
20.5
1989
855 707
26 185
000
8 814
000
17 371 000
30.6
10.3
20.3
1990
873 785
26 388
000
8 476
000
17 912 000
30.2
9.7
20.5
1991
891 910
26 133
000
8 741
000
17 392 000
29.3
9.8
19.5
1992
910 065
26 392
000
9 192
000
17 200 000
29.0
10.1
18.9
1993
928 226
26 640
000
8 633
000
18 007 000
28.7
9.3
19.4
1994
946 373
27 161
000
8 801
000
18 360 000
28.7
9.3
1995
964 486
27 295
000
8 680
000
18 615 000
28.3
9.0
1996
982 553
26 824
000
8 745
000
18 079 000
27.3
1997
1 000 558
27 215
000
8 905
000
18 310 000
27.2
a
p
18.4
8.9
18.3
1998
1 018 471
26 989
000
9 166
000
17 823 000
26.5
9.0
17.5
1999
1 036 259
26 943
000
9 015
000
17 928 000
26.0
8.7
17.3
2000
1 053 898
27 191
000
8 958
000
18 233 000
25.8
8.5
17.3
2001
1 071 374
27 213
000
9 000
000
18 213 000
25.4
8.4
17.0
2002
1 088 694
27 217
000
8 818
000
18 399 000
25.0
8.1
16.9
2003
1 105 886
27 426
000
8 847
000
18 579 000
24.8
8.0
16.8
1 122 991
27 064
000
8 422
000
18 642 000
24.1
7.5
16.6
1 140 043
27 133
000
8 664
000
18 469 000
23.8
7.6
16.2
2006
1 157 039
27 190
000
8 678
000
18 512 000
23.5
7.5
16.0
2007
1 173 972
27 119
000
8 687
000
18 432 000
23.1
7.4
15.7
2008
1 190 864
27 152
000
8 812
000
18 340 000
22.8
7.4
15.4
2009
1 207 740
27 174
000
8 817
000
18 357 000
22.5
7.3
15.2
w
w
2005
p
n
t
.
2004
c
s
i
t
s
e
u
q
n
o
8.9
m
o
c
.
s
r
19.4
e
p
19.3
3.2
2010
13
1 224 614
27 064
000
8 817
000
18 247 000
22.1
7.2
14.9
2.5
The numbers of births and deaths were calculated from the birth and death rates and the average population
Regional vital Statistics

The below table gives the vital
statistics (Births, Deaths, IMR and
NGR) for the year 2010, according to
the Registrar Gen., India.[28]
m
o
c
.
s
r
e
p
[27]
Chart showing the Total Fertility Rate of Indian states (SRS survey 1996-98)
State
Birth
Rate
BR
Rural
BR
Urban
Death
Rate
DR
Rural
Andhra Pradesh
17.9
18.3
16.7
7.6
8.6
Assam
23.2
24.4
15.8
8.2
Arunachal Pradesh
28.1
28.8
22.0
Chhattisgarh
25.3
26.8
18.6
Delhi
17.8
19.7
17.5
Gujarat
21.8
23.3
Haryana
22.3
23.3
Jammu and Kashmir
18.3
Jharkhand
25.3
NGR
Rural
NGR IMR
Urban
5.4 1.02%
0.97%
1.13%
46
8.6
5.8 1.49%
1.58%
1.01%
58
7.0
5.6 2.13%
2.18%
1.64%
48
8.0
8.4
6.2 1.73%
1.84%
1.24%
51
4.2
4.6
4.1 1.36%
1.50%
1.34%
30
19.4
6.7
7.5
5.5 1.51%
1.58%
1.40%
44
19.8
6.6
7.0
5.6 1.57%
1.63%
1.43%
48
19.5
13.5
5.7
5.9
4.7 1.26%
1.36%
0.88%
43
26.7
19.3
7.0
7.4
5.4 1.83%
1.93%
1.39%
42
s
e
i
t
u
q
n
o
6.8
Karnataka
19.2
20.2
17.5
7.1
8.1
5.4 1.21%
1.21%
1.21%
38
Kerala
14.8
14.8
14.8
7.0
7.1
6.7 0.78%
0.77%
0.81%
13
Madhya Pradesh
27.3
29.2
20.5
8.3
9.0
6.0 1.89%
2.02%
1.45%
62
Maharashtra
17.1
17.6
16.4
6.5
7.5
5.3 1.06%
1.02%
1.11%
28
Odisha
20.5
21.4
15.2
8.6
9.0
6.6 1.19%
1.24%
0.86%
61
Punjab
16.6
17.2
15.6
7.0
7.7
5.8 0.96%
0.95%
0.98%
34
Rajasthan
26.7
27.9
22.9
6.7
6.9
6.0 2.00%
2.09%
1.69%
55
Tamil Nadu
15.9
16.0
15.8
7.6
8.2
6.9 0.83%
0.78%
0.89%
24
Uttar Pradesh
28.3
29.2
24.2
8.1
8.5
6.3 2.02%
2.07%
1.79%
61
West Bengal
16.8
18.6
11.9
6.0
6.0
6.3 1.07%
1.26%
0.56%
31
Bihar
20.5
22.1
14.6
5.9
6.9
2.3 1.46%
1.52%
1.23%
31
Goa
13.2
12.6
13.7
6.6
8.1
5.7 0.66%
0.45%
0.80%
10
Himachal Pradesh
16.9
17.5
11.5
6.9
7.2
4.2 1.00%
1.03%
0.73%
40
t
.
w
w
NGR
c
s
p
n
a
p
DR
Urban
14
Manipur
14.9
14.8
15.3
4.2
4.3
4.0 1.07%
1.05%
1.13%
14
Meghalaya
24.5
26.6
14.8
7.9
8.4
5.6 1.66%
1.82%
0.92%
55
Mizoram
17.1
21.1
13.0
4.5
5.4
3.7 1.25%
1.57%
0.93%
37
Nagaland
16.8
17.0
16.0
3.6
3.7
3.3 1.32%
1.33%
1.27%
23
Sikkim
17.8
18.1
16.1
5.6
5.9
3.8 1.23%
1.23%
1.23%
30
Tripura
14.9
15.6
11.5
5.0
4.8
5.7 0.99%
1.08%
0.58%
27
Uttarakhand
19.3
20.2
16.2
6.3
6.7
5.1 1.30%
1.35%
1.11%
38
Andaman and Nicobar

Islands
15.6
15.5
15.8
4.3
4.8
3.3 1.13%
1.07%
1.26%
25
Chandigarh
15.6
21.6
15.0
3.9
3.7
3.9 1.16%
1.79%
1.10%
22
26.6
26.0
28.6
4.7
5.1
3.3 2.19%
2.09%
Daman and Diu
18.8
19.1
18.3
4.9
4.9
4.8 1.39%
1.42%
Lakshadweep
14.3
15.5
13.2
6.4
6.1
6.7 0.80%
0.95%
Puducherry
16.7
16.7
16.7
7.4
8.2
7.0 0.93%
0.85%
a
p
n
o
i
t
s
e
u
q
c
s
p
n
t
.
w
w
c
.
s
r
e
p
m
o
2.53%
38
1.36%
23
0.65%
25
0.96%
22
15
CIA World Factbook demographic statistics

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.
Total population
1,166,079,217 (July 2009 est. CIA)[29] 1,028.7 million (2001 Census final figures, 1 March enumeration and
estimated 124,000 in areas of Manipur that could not be covered in the enumeration)
Rural Population
72.2%, male: 381,668,992, female:
360,948,755 (2001 Census)
m
o
Age structure
014
years:
30.8%,
male:
188,208,196, female: 171,356,024
1564
years:
64.3%,
male:
386,432,921, female: 364,215,759
65+ years: 4.9%, male: 27,258,259,
female: 30,031,289 (2007 est.)
c
.
s
r
e
p
Median age
a
p
25.1 years
Population growth rate
n
o
1.548% (2009 est.)
i
t
s
e
u
q
c
s
p
n
t
.
w
w
Map showing the population density of each district in India.
16
Literacy rate
71.7% (Age 7 and above, as of 2001)
[16]
81.4% (Total population, Age 15-25,

as of 2006) [30]
Percent of the population under the
poverty line
22% (2006 est.)
Unemployment Rate
m
o
7.8%
c
.
Net migration rate

0.05 migrant(s)/1,000
(2007 est.)
population
s
r
Sex ratio
e
p
at birth: 1.12 male(s)/female

under 10 years: 1.14 male(s)/female
1524 years: 1.09 male(s)/female
2464 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
65
years
and
over:
0.908
male(s)/female
total population: 1.08 male(s)/female
(2011 est.)
a
p
n
o
i
t
Map showing the literacy rate of each district in India.
Life expectancy at birth
s
e
total population: 65.8 years (Source: UN Human Development Report 2013)
u
q
Total fertility rate
2.72 children born/woman (2009 est.), although more up to date statistics indicate that India's TFR was 2.6 in 2008
[31]
The TFR (Total number of children born per women) according to Religion in 2001 was :
c
s
Hindus 2.0 Muslims 2.4 Sikhs 2.1 Christians 2.1 Buddhists 2.1 Jains 1.4 Animists and Others
2.99 Tribals 3.16 Scheduled Castes 2.89[citation needed]
p
n
Religions
t
.
Hindu 80.5% Muslim 13.4% Christian 2.3% Sikh 1.8% Buddhists 0.8% Jains 0.4% others 0.7% unspecified 0.1%
(2001 Census) [32][33][34][35]
w
w
Scheduled Castes and Tribes

Scheduled Castes: 16.2% (2001 Census) Scheduled Tribes: 8.2% (2001 Census)
Languages: See Languages of India and List of Indian languages by total speakers. There are 216 languages with
more than 10,000 native speakers in India. The largest of these is Hindi with some 337 million (the second largest
being Bengali with some 207 million). 22 languages are recognized as official languages. In India, there are 1,652
languages and dialects in total.[][36]
17
Population projections
India is projected to overtake China as the world's most populous nation by 2030. India's population growth has
raised concerns that it would lead to widespread unemployment and political instability.[37][38] Note that these
projections make assumptions about future fertility and death rates which may not turn out to be correct in the event.
Source:[39]
2020: 1,326,093,000
2030: 1,460,743,000
2040: 1,571,715,000
2050: 1,656,554,000
m
o
2020 Estimate
c
.
Source:[40]
s
r
Year Under 15 1564 65+ Total

2000 361
604
45
1010
2005 368
673
51
1093
2010 370
747
58
1175
2015 372
819
65
1256
2020 373
882
76
1331
Ethnic groups
e
p
a
p
n
o
i
t
The national Census of India does not recognize racial or ethnic groups within India,[41] but recognizes many of the
tribal groups as Scheduled Castes and Tribes (see list of Scheduled Tribes in India). Nevertheless, modern
anthropologists classify Indians as belonging to one of four major ethno-racial groups, which significantly overlap
because of racial admixture between populations: Caucasoids, Australoids, Mongoloids and Negritos. The
Caucasoids are found in the north, central and south-western regions of India and generally speak Indo-Aryan
languages; Australoids are found in the south and generally speak Dravidian languages; Mongoloids are largely
confined to the Northeastern region of the country and for the most part, speak Tibeto-Burman languages; and
Negritos are found on the Andaman Islands located on the southeastern side of the country. These speak a language
known simply as Great Andamanese, a linguistic isolate not related to any known language. And finally,
Austroasiatic languages are spoken by only tribals or Adivasis, who can be of either Australoid or Mongoloid racial
stock.[42]
s
e
u
q
c
s
p
n
t
.
According to a 2009 study published by Reich et al., the modern Indian population is composed of two genetically
divergent and heterogeneous populations which mixed in ancient times (about 1,200-3,500 BC), known as Ancestral
North Indians (ANI) and Ancestral South Indians (ASI). ASI corresponds to the Dravidian-speaking population of
southern India, whereas ANI corresponds to the Indo-Aryan-speaking population of northern India.[43][44] This
demonstrates that there is a genetic basis to ethno-linguistic labels such as "Indo-Aryan" and "Dravidian".
w
w
For a list of ethnic groups in the Republic of India (as well as neighboring countries) see ethnic groups of the Indian
subcontinent or the tree diagram above.
18
Genetics
Y-chromosome DNA
[45]
Y-Chromosome DNA Y-DNA represents the male lineage, The Indian Y-chromosome pool may be summarized as
follows where haplogroups R-M420, H, R2, L and NOP comprise generally more than 80% of the total
chromosomes.[46]
H ~ 30%
R1a ~ 20%
R2 ~ 15%
L ~ 10%
NOP ~ 10% (Excluding R)
Other Haplogroups 15%
m
o
c
.
s
r
Mitochondrial DNA
e
p
[47]
Mitochondrial DNA mtDNA represents the female lineage. The Indian mitochondrial DNA is primarily made up of
Haplogroup M[48]
a
p
Haplogroup M ~ 60%
Haplogroup UK ~ 15%
Haplogroup N ~ 25% (Excluding UK)
n
o
i
t
Autosomal DNA
s
e
Numerous genomic studies have been conducted in the last 15 years to seek insights into India's demographic and
cultural diversity. These studies paint a complex and conflicting picture.
u
q
In a 2003 study, Basu, Majumder et al. have concluded on the basis of results obtained from mtDNA,
Y-chromosome and autosomal markers that "(1) there is an underlying unity of female lineages in India,
indicating that the initial number of female settlers may have been small; (2) the tribal and the caste populations
are highly differentiated; (3) the Austroasiatic tribals are the earliest settlers in India, providing support to one
anthropological hypothesis while refuting some others; (4) a major wave of humans entered India through the
northeast; (5) the Tibeto-Burman tribals share considerable genetic commonalities with the Austroasiatic tribals,
supporting the hypothesis that they may have shared a common habitat in southern China, but the two groups of
tribals can be differentiated on the basis of Y-chromosomal haplotypes; (6) the Dravidian tribals were possibly
widespread throughout India before the arrival of the Indo-European-speaking nomads, but retreated to southern
India to avoid dominance; (7) formation of populations by fission that resulted in founder and drift effects have
left their imprints on the genetic structures of contemporary populations; (8) the upper castes show closer genetic
affinities with Central Asian populations, although those of southern India are more distant than those of northern
India; (9) historical gene flow into India has contributed to a considerable obliteration of genetic histories of
contemporary populations so that there is at present no clear congruence of genetic and geographical or
sociocultural affinities."[49]
c
s
p
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t
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In a later 2010 review article, Majumder affirms some of these conclusions, introduces and revises some other.
The on-going studies, concludes Majumder, suggest India has served as the major early corridor for geographical
dispersal of modern humans from out-of-Africa. The archaeological and genetic traces of the earliest settlers in
India has not provided any conclusive evidence. The tribal populations of India are older than the non-tribal
populations. The autosomal differentiation and genetic diversity within India's caste populations at 0.04 is
19
significantly lower than 0.14 for continental populations and 0.09 for 31 world population sets studied by Watkins
et al., suggesting that while tribal populations were differentiated, the differentiation effects within India's caste
population was less than previously thought. Majumder also concludes that recent studies suggest India has been
a major contributor to the gene pool of southeast Asia.[][]
Another study covering a large sample of Indian populations allowed Watkins et al. to examine eight Indian caste
groups and four endogamous south Indian tribal populations. The Indian castes data show low between-group
differences, while the tribal Indian groups show relatively high between-group differentiation. This suggests that
people between Indian castes were not reproductively isolated, while Indian tribal populations experienced
reproductive isolation and drift. Furthermore, the genetic fixation index data shows historical genetic
differentiation and segregation between Indian castes population is much smaller than those found in east Asia,
Africa and other continental populations; while being similar to the genetic differentiation and segregation
observed in European populations.[]
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In 2006, Sahoo et al. reported their analysis of genomic data on 936 Y-chromosomes representing 32 tribal and 45
caste groups from different regions of India. These scientists find that the haplogroup frequency distribution
across the country, between different caste groups, was found to be predominantly driven by geographical, rather
than cultural determinants. They conclude there is clear evidence for both large-scale immigration into ancient
India of Tibeto-Burman speakers and language change of former Austroasiatic speakers, in the northeast Indian
region.[50]
The genome studies through 2010 have been on relatively small population sets. Many are from just one
southeastern state of Andhra Pradesh. Any conclusions on demographic history of India must therefore be
interpreted with caution. A larger national genome study with demographic growth and sex ratio balances may
offer further insights on the extent of genetic differentiation and segregation in India over the millenniums.[]
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Sexuality
Homosexuality in India
Prostitution in India
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Sexual exploitation of boys November 2008- Children interviewed said the abusers were foreign and domestic
tourists, as well as local residents.The study was carried out in the temple towns of Puri in Odisha, Thirupathi in
Andhra Pradesh and Guruvayoor in Kerala. The report says the abuse starts at about age six and by the time the boys
turn nine they get drawn into full-time prostitution.[51]
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May 2011- One of more than 90 children rescued from a shelter in the Indian town of Rohtak has filed a complaint
saying she was forced into prostitution.[52]
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Notes
[1] <
[7] India, a Country Study (http:/ / lcweb2. loc. gov/ frd/ cs/ profiles/ India. pdf) United States Library of Congress, Note on Ethnic groups
[8] Rural-Urban distribution (http:/ / www. censusindia. gov. in/ Census_Data_2001/ India_at_glance/ rural. aspx) Census of India: Census Data
2001: India at a glance >> Rural-Urban Distribution. Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved on
2008-11-26.
[9] Number of Villages (http:/ / www. censusindia. gov. in/ Census_Data_2001/ Census_data_finder/ A_Series/ Number_of_Village. htm)
Census of India: Number of Villages Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved on 2008-11-26.
[10] Urban Agglomerations and Towns (http:/ / www. censusindia. gov. in/ Census_Data_2001/ Census_data_finder/ A_Series/
Urban_agglomerations. htm) Census of India: Urban Agglomerations and Towns. Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner,
India. Retrieved on 2008-11-26.
[13] Office of The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India, New Delhi-110011 2011, p.1.
[14] Excludes figures of Paomata, Mao Maram and Purul sub-districts of Senapati district of Manipur state
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[15] The data are "unadjusted" (without excluding Assam and Jammu and Kashmir); the 1981 census was not conducted in Assam and the 1991
census was not conducted in Jammu and Kashmir.
[16] http:/ / mospi. gov. in/ press_note_NSS_%20Report_no_532_19may10. pdf
20
[22] Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues - 2000 (http:/ / www. censusindia. gov. in/ Census_Data_2001/
Census_Data_Online/ Language/ Statement1. htm), Census of India, 2001
[23] includes Western Hindi, Eastern Hindi, Bihari languages, Rajasthani languages and Pahari languages.
[24] World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision (http:/ / esa. un. org/ unpd/ wpp/ index. htm)
[25] United nations. Demographic Yearbooks (http:/ / unstats. un. org/ unsd/ demographic/ products/ dyb/ dyb2. htm#2001)
[26] Census of India. Vital statistics Sample Registration System (http:/ / www. censusindia. gov. in/ Vital_Statistics/ SRS_Bulletins/ Bulletins.
aspx)
[28] http:/ / www. censusindia. gov. in/ vital_statistics/ SRS_Bulletins/ SRS%20Bulletin_%20December%202011%20. pdf
[32] Religious Composition (http:/ / www. censusindia. gov. in/ Census_Data_2001/ India_at_glance/ religion. aspx) Census of India: Census
Data 2001: India at a glance >> Religious Composition. Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved on
2008-11-26.
[33] International Religious Freedom Report 2007 India (http:/ / www. state. gov/ g/ drl/ rls/ irf/ 2007/ 90228. htm) International Religious
Freedom Report 2007. U.S. Department of State.
[35] Bureau of South and Central [[Asia (http:/ / www. state. gov/ r/ pa/ ei/ bgn/ 3454. htm)]n Affairs Background Note: India]
[36] Rupert Goodwins. Smashing India's language barriers (http:/ / news. zdnet. co. uk/ software/ 0,1000000121,39268336,00. htm). ZDNet UK.
[40] Based on P.N. Mari Bhat, "Indian Demographic Scenario 2025", Institute of Economic Growth, New Delhi, Discussion Paper No. 27/2001.
[41] Kumar, Jayant. Census of India. 2001. 4 September 2006. Indian Census (http:/ / www. censusindia. gov. in/ )
[42] http:/ / www. imtech. res. in/ raghava/ reprints/ IGVdb. pdf
[43] http:/ / www. nature. com/ nature/ journal/ v461/ n7263/ abs/ nature08365. html
[44] http:/ / www. ichg2011. org/ cgi-bin/ showdetail. pl?absno=20758
[46] Hammer et al. 2005, S. Sahoo et al. 2006, R. Trivedi et al. 2007, Zhao et al. 2008
[47] http:/ / www. biomedcentral. com/ content/ pdf/ 1471-2148-5-26. pdf
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[48]
[49]
[51]
[52]
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Semino et al. 2000, Kivisild et al. 2003, Metspalu et al. 2004, Rajkumar et al. 2005, Chandrasekar et al. 2007, Gonzalez et al. 2007
http:/ / genome. cshlp. org/ content/ 13/ 10/ 2277. full
BBC (http:/ / news. bbc. co. uk/ 2/ hi/ south_asia/ 7738259. stm)
BBc (http:/ / www. bbc. co. uk/ news/ world-asia-india-18031530)
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References
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External links
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Census of India (http://www.censusindia.gov.in/); government site with detailed data from 2001 census
Census of India map generator (http://www.censusindiamaps.net/); generates maps based on 2001 census
figures
Demographic data for India (http://www.demographie.net/demographicdata/); provides sources of
demographic data for India
2001 maps (http://www.demographie.net/atlas2001); provides maps of social, economic and demographic data
of India in 2001
Population of India 2011 map (http://populationindia.wordpress.com/2011/04/10/
population-of-india-2011-image/); distribution of population amongst states and union territories
India's Demographic Outlook: Implications and Trends (http://www.nbr.org/research/activity.aspx?id=195)
United Nations "World Population Prospects": Country Profile - India (http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/
country-profiles/pdf/356.pdf)
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Population of India, 1961-2003

1,220,800,359 (2013 est.) (2nd)

1.41% (2009 est.) (93rd)

22.22 births/1,000 population (2009 est.)

1.4 deaths/1,000 population (2009 est.)

69.89 years (2009 est.)

67.46 years (2009 est.)

72.61 years (2009 est.)

2.5 children born/woman (SRS 2010)

Infant mortality rate: 30.15 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 est.)

31.1% (male 190,075,426/female 172,799,553) (2009 est.)

1.10 male(s)/female (2009 est.)

1.06 male(s)/female (2009 est.)

0.90 male(s)/female (2009 est.)

The demographics of India are inclusive of the second

Crude birth rate trends in India

India has more than two thousand ethnic groups, and

Infant mortality rate trends in India

Global Ranking Notes (Reference)

Population growth rate

Male to Female ratio, at birth

List of States and Union territories by demographics

Dadra and Nagar

Daman and Diu

1,210,193,422 100.00% 833,087,662 377,105,760 3,287,240

Jammu and Kashmir

Andaman and Nicobar Islands 2

Daman and Diu

Dadra and Nagar Haveli

Religion not stated 727,588

Table 2: Census information for 2001

Urban sex ratio

Child sex ratio (06 yrs)

10-Yr Growth % (est '91'01)

No. of females/1000 males. (avg. = 944)

Literacy rate (71.7% for Age 7 and above)

Neonatal and infant demographics

Infant mortality demographic trends of India per 1000 births

Population within the age group of 0-6

Daman and Diu

Dadra and Nagar Haveli

Andaman and Nicobar Islands 39,497

158,789,287 82,952,135 75,837,152

Jammu and Kashmir

Population above the age of 7

Jammu and Kashmir

Daman and Diu

Dadra and Nagar Haveli

Andaman and Nicobar Islands 340,447

1,051,404,135 540,772,113 510,632,022

Literacy rate in India

Jammu and Kashmir

Daman and Diu

Dadra and Nagar Haveli

Literate Persons (%) Males (%) Females (%)

Andaman and Nicobar Islands 86.27

Languages of India by number of native speakers as per the 2001 census[22]

Meitei (Manipuri) 1,466,705*

[23] 422,048,642 41.03%

Sample Registration System[25][26]

Crude birth rate

Crude death rate