ECONOMICS meets unlimited needs and wants production and distribution of a countrys resources Utilization of a countrys national resources

ces effect of the economic system to people consists of the production, distribution or trade, and consumption of limited goods and services by different agents in a given geographical location. Economics is derived from the greek word oikonomos, meaning "one who manages a household, or household management. oikos, means "house, and nemein, means "to manage." IMPORTANCE: it can help the government meet the needs of each citizens and assists the country in attaining national prosperity it solves socioeconomic issue it make factual statements as well as judgment or evaluation of situation

VARIOUS TYPES OF ECONOMY

TRADITIONAL ECONOMY This is basically a subsistence economy. A family produces everything that it consumes. Decision on what, how, and for whom to produce are made by referring to the traditional manner of doing things. Production is carried on in the methods used by the forefathers and is therefore very primitive.

Countries with Traditional Economy. Ex. Aborigines, Amazon Tribes COMMAND ECONOMY In this type of economy, the means of production are owned by the government. Its decisions are arrived at by planners or government men who dictate what, how, and for whom to produce.

Ex. Cuba, China, North Korea, Burma, Former Soviet Union MARKET ECONOMY The basic characteristics of this economy is that resources are privately owned and decisions are made by the people themselves. Since every consumer arrives at his own decision, the system is coordinated through an interlocking network of materials and prices. The system depends on prices set by the conditions of demand and supply.

Ex. U.S.A., Japan MIXED ECONOMY A system of public services , defense, infrastructure, and industries All of the modern economies are mixed It is also called as dual economies Mixed economy is where the production is shared between private and public sectors.

Ex. U.S.A., Japan, Philippines, other modern countries Sistemang Pang-Ekonomiya nagmumula sa kultura, sibilisasyon, kasaysayan, pulitika, at paniniwala ng isang partikular na bansa. Ang pagpili ng isang sistemang pang-ekonomiya ay tugon sa sitwasyong kinalalagyan ng mga tao.

Economic Systems KAPITALISMO Nagbibigay diin ito sa: PRIBADONG pag-aari ng may kakanyahan kalayaan ng bawat isang kasapi ng lipunan na magpasya ukol sa kung ano ang sinasabing pinakamabuting layunin para sa kanila paggamit ng mekanismo ng presyong sistema bilang tagapag-ugnay ng lipunan

Ex. PHILIPPINES Laissez-Faire - Ang mga bansang pinangangalagaan ang mga kalayaang nabanggit at napakaliit lamang ang papel na gampanin ng pamahalaan at tinatawag na kapitalismong Laissez-Faire. KOMUNISMO - isang ideolohiya na umaayon sa pagtatatag ng isang organisasyon pangsosyal na walang estado at kaantas-antas batay sa pantay na kaarian sa gamit ng produksyon. - balikwas ito sa ideolohiya ng kapitalismo. - nais nito ay isang paraang rebolusyonaryo - mahigpit itong ipinatutupad sa Rusya at Pulang Tsina - ito ay binuong konsepto ni Karl Marx sa kanyang librong Manipesto Komunista na tinapos noong 1848 Ex. NORTH KOREA SOSYALISMO - pag-aari ng gobyerno/pamahalaan ang gamit sa produksyon - nahahawig ito sa Kapitalismo at Komunismo; kapag maka-diktador, Komunismo. Kapag demokratriko, kapitalismo MIXED ECONOMY - pinagsasama ang mga prinsipyo ng kapitalismo at ng komunismo o di kayay sosyalismo - ang katangian ng kapitalismo na walang sentral na plano ay pinananatili - ang desisyon tungkol sa katanungan sa pagpoprodyus ay ginagawa sa pamilihan.

Ano ang mga produktong gagawin? Gaano karami ang mga produktong gagawin? Paano ipamamahagi ang mga produkto?

Ex. CHINA FROM TRADITIONAL TO CONTEMPORARY ECONOMIC SYSTEMS Economic System Mechanism in a country It is composed of people,institutions and their relationships. Designed primarily to address the problems of economics. TRADITIONAL ECONOMIC SYSTEM- South America, Africa, Asia This type of Economic System still pervades (Philippines)

Market Economic System Result of individual decisions. Gives people the freedom of enterprise. Planned (command) Economic system Soviet Union, Cuba The main decision maker is the government. MIXED ECONOMIC SYSTEM Economies have evolved to encompass several characteristics Development of the Philippine Economy PRE- COLONIAL In the earlier times, most people lived by fishing, farming or mining. Barangay Governance by the datu; he was the chieftain of the barangay No coinage just barter Economy of the barangay is closely linked to water. The coastal barangays were more accessible to trade with foreigners. These were ideal places for economic activity to develop.

SPANISH ERA Social divisions appeared based on race, influence in the community, wealth and control of land Higher Class: Land owners (Hacienderos) Insulares- those who were born in the country that their parents were pure Spanish. Peninsulares- Spaniards born in Spain Meztisos- those were the filipinos having both Filipinos and Spaniards bloodline Lower Class: Commoners (Farmers and Peasants) Indios- The Spanish Colonial racial term for the native Austrenian people of the Philippines GALLEON TRADE The Manila became the center of commerce in the East. The Spaniards closed the ports of Manila to all countries except Mexico. Thus, the ManilaAcapulco Trade, better known as the "Galleon Trade" was born. AMERICAN PERIOD ANG MALAYANG KALAKALAN- Ito ay isang patakarang komersyal na nagsasaad ng malayang pagpasok ng mga produkto ng mga bansang may ugnayang pangkalakalan sa Pilipinas. ANG BATAS SA TARIPA NINA PAYNE AT ALDRICH NOONG 1909- Isinasaad sa batas na ito na hindi malayang makakapasok sa Pilipinas ang mga produktong Amerikano kung walang taripa at kota. Taripa- buwis na ipinapataw sa mga produktong inaangkat Kota- limitasyon sa dami ng maiaangkat na produkto ANG BATAS SA TARIPA NINA UNDERWOODS AT SIMMONS NOONG 1913- Inalis ng batas na ito ang mga kota at limitasyon sa dami ng inluluwas na kalakal ng Pilipinas sa Estados Unidos ANG BATAS TYDINGS-MCDUFFIE NOONG 1934- Ang mga produkto ng Amerikano ay malaya pa ring makakapasok sa bansa subalit may limitasyon naman ang pagpasok ng mga produktong pilipino sa Estados Unidos.

JAPANESE ERA Economic growth in the Philippines stagnated during Japanese Occupation. MAIN OBJECTIVE: Expand its socio-political and economic sphere of influence all over Asia SPECIFIC GOALS:(1) To broaden trade(2) To expand the land area that Japan controlled.

Ang Ekonomiya Ng Pilipinas sa Pamamahala Ng Nakaraang Presidente Manuel a. roxas( 1946 1948) Since the country was severely tarnished by by the war, the economy was struggling because of low output growth and high unemployment rates. Education also severely weakened. School buildings were destroyed and instruments to teach children were obliterated

Elpidio Quirino Poverty was present specifically by the starvation problems of the people in the Mountain Province. Wages of people cannot compensate with the expenses of th people and the prices of the products due to inflation

Unemployment was also evident because the Americans were gradually decreasing their business in the Philippines. Ramon Magsaysay -Recovery of the Philippines after the Japanese War. -Reconstruction of the Philippines after WW2 Carlos P. Garcia The flow of imports had greatly increased making the Philippines heavily dependent of imported products. The imports that were coming in the country greatly

Diosdado Macapagal -Low living standards of the masses Lack of economic stability Unemployment Devaluation of the Philippine Peso Ferdinand Marcos Because of the developments (economically, industrially, and infrastructures) Marcos accomplished, there was a massive increase in tourism rates.

However, the economy took a downturn during his second term and the prices of the market increased. Rampant Corruption in the Government and abuse of authority and power

Cory Aquino Free secondary schooling Despite these problems, The economy still had a positive growth during her term with an average of 3.8% by the end of it.

Fidel V. Ramos The Philippines was recovering from economical difficulties that arose from the lack of foreign investors during the Aquino administration. The Philippine Peso devaluated and dropped because of a fiscal deficit.

Joseph Ejercito Estrada Asian Financial Crisis The Central bank raised interest rates by 1.75%. The BSP was forced to intervene heavily to defend the peso raising the overnight rate from 15% to 24%. The pesa fell from 26 per dollar to 28 pesos to 40 pesos by the end of the crisis. Poverty

Gloria Macapagal Arroyo Budget Mismanagement Education, health, and public infrastructure were not given much priority even though there were large increases in the national budget. Poverty has worsened because of high inflation and unemployment.

Benigno Aquino Jr. Economic growth is slowing under the Aquino administration. Sistema ng Pamilihan ito ay ang interaksyon ng konsyumer at ng produsyer. Mayroong nagaganap na alokasyon upang malaman kung ano ang kailangan ng konsyumer at kung gaano ang kailangan gawin ng produsyer.

Alokasyon ..ito ay tumutukoy sa paglaan ng takdang dami ng pinagkukunang yaman ayon sa pangangailangan at kagustuhan ng tao. Dalawang paraan upang makabuo ng impormasyon para sa alokasyon: Sentralisado ito ay itinatakda ng iilang tao, grupo ng tao, o institusyon. Desentralisado ito ay pinahihintulutan ang ibat ibang kasapi ng ekonomiya na silay nagtatakda ng kung anu-anong pangangailagan at kagustuhan ang nais nilang unahing matugunan. Dalawang maaring kaayusan ng alokasyon: Pinag-uutos (command) - ang mga patakaran ng pamahalaan ang magtatakda sa pagbibigay halaga sa mga pinagkukunang-yaman Pakikipagpalitan (exchange) - ang halaga ng pinagkukunang-yaman ay itinatakda ng plano ng bawat kasapi bilang pagtugon sa kanilang pangangailangan at kagustuhan. Pagkonsumo ..tumutukoy sa personal consumption expenditure. ..pagpakinabang at paggamit ng mamimili sa produkto o serbisyo. URI: Tuwiran, dahas o direkta daglian at natatamo agad ng kasiyahan at kapakinabangan. Produkto - ang isang produkto ay ginamit upang makalikha ng panibagong produkto. Maaksaya paggamit o pagkonsumo ng isang bagay na hindi naman nagbibigay saya o pakinabang. Mapanganib paggamit ng mga bagay na maaring magpahamak o makasama sa tao. Lantad paggamit ng mga produktong hindi naman talaga kailangan ngunit ginagamit bilang pagpapakita lamang ng kakayahan. Mga Salik na Nakaka-apekto sa Pagkonsumo: Okasyon Kita Presyo Pagpapahalaga ng tao Panahon

 Pag-aanunsyo Kultura Produksyon tumutukoy sa paglikha o paggawa ng mga produkto at sebisyong nagdudulot ng kasiyahan o tumutugon sa pangangailangan ng mga mamimili. pinakamahalagang bahagi ng proseso ng ekonomiya. Ibat-ibang Uri ng Produksyon: Elementary Utility (or Natural Utility) ito ay ang mga produktong maari na agad pakinabangan ng tao. Form Utility ito yung mga hilaw na materyal na galing sa natural utility na sumasailalim sa proseso upang madagdagan ang pakinabang nito sa tao. Time Utility ito yung mga produktong ginagawa sa angkop na panahon. Service Utility isang anyo ng produksyon na maari lamang ipagkaloob sa tao. Possession Utility ito ay isang produkto kung saan hindi na kailangan baguhin pa ang anyo subalit kailangan ipagbili sa taong mas makikinabang. Place Utility ito yung mga produktong tumataas ang pakinabang pati na din ang presyo kapag ito ay inaangkat sa ibang lugar/pook. Mga Salik ng Produksyon: Lupa Paggawa Kapital Entreprenyur CARP and other Land Reforms Agrarian/Land Reform means redistribution of lands, regardless of crops or fruits produced, to farmers and regular farmworkers who are landless, to include the totality of factors and support services designed to lift the economic status of the beneficiaries.

Agriculture, Agricultural Enterprise or Agricultural Activity means the cultivation of the soil, planting of crops, growing of fruit trees, raising of livestock, poultry or fish, including the harvesting of such farm products, and other farm activities and practices performed by a farmer or farmworker. Agricultural Land refers to land devoted to agricultural activity and not classified as mineral, forest, residential, commercial or industrial land. Idle or Abandoned Land refers to any agricultural land not cultivated, tilled or developed to produce any crop nor devoted to any specific economic purpose continuously for a period of three (3) years Farmer refers to a natural person whose primary livelihood is cultivation of land or the production of agricultural crops, either by himself, or primarily with the assistance of his immediate farm household, whether the land is owned by him, or by another person under a leasehold or share tenancy agreement or arrangement with the owner thereof. Farmworker is a natural person who renders service for value as an employee or laborer in an agricultural enterprise or farm regardless of whether his compensation is paid on a daily, weekly, or monthly. Regular Farmworker is a natural person who is employed on a permanent basis by an agricultural enterprise or farm. Seasonal Farmworker is a natural person who is employed on a recurrent, periodic or intermittent basis by an agricultural enterprise or farm. CARP -CARP, or the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program is the redistribution of public and private agricultural lands to farmers and other farmworkers who are landless. -CARPs vision is to have an equitable land ownership with empowered agrarian reform beneficiaries who can effectively manage their economic and social development to have a better quality of life.

Issues, Setbacks and Challenges * * * * CARP Coverage Compulsory acquisition takes a backseat Misidentification of Beneficiaries and CLOAs Pawning and selling CARP lands

CARPER or RA 9700 -An act strengthening the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP), extending the acquisition and distribution of all agricultural lands, instituting necessary reforms, amending for the purpose certain provisions of Republic Act no. 6657, otherwise, known as the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARL) of 1988.