Kabar

Kabar
The Kabars (Greek: ) or Khavars[1] were Khalyzians, Turkic Khazar people who joined the Magyar confederation in the 9th century.

History
The Kabars consisted of three Khazar tribes who rebelled against the Khazar Khaganate some time in the ninth century; the rebellion was notable enough to be described in Constantine Porphyrogenitus's work De Administrando Imperio. Subsequently the Kabars were expelled from the Khazar Khaganate and sought refuge by joining the Magyar tribal confederacy called Ht-Magyar (meaning "seven Hungarians.") The three Kabar tribes accompanied the Magyar invasion of Pannoniaand the subsequent formation of the Principality of Hungary in the late 9th century.[2] Around 833 the Hungarian tribal confederacy was living in Levedia, between the Don and the Dnieper rivers, within the orbit of the Khazar empire. Toward 850 or 860, driven from Levedia by the Pechenegs, they entered Atelkuzu (Etelkz). The Magyars reached the Danube river basin around 880. Shortly afterward, the Byzantine emperor Leo VI, then at war with Simeon, the Bulgarian czar, called the Hungarians to his aid. The Magyars, led by rpd, crossed the Danube and attacked Bulgaria. The Bulgarian, in turn, appealed to the Pechenegs, now masters of the steppe, who attacked the Hungarians in the rear and forced them to take refuge in the mountains of Transylvania. At that moment, Arnulf, duke of Carinthia, at war with the Slav ruler Svatopluk, prince of Great Moravia [citation needed], decided like the Byzantines to appeal to the Hungarians. The Hungarians overcame Svatopluk, who disappeared in the conflict (895). Great Moravia collapsed, and the Hungarians took up permanent abode in Hungary (907). The origin of the name Hungary is believed to originate from the Utigur Bulgar tribal confederacy named On-Ogur, (meaning "ten" Ogurs) (comparable to Tokuz-Oguz (meaning "nine" Oguz)), who ruled the territory of Hungary prior to the arrival of the Magyars. Many Kabars settled in the Bihar region of the later Kingdom of Hungary and Transylvania now in Romania. Some historians believe the character recorded by Gesta Hungarorum as lord Marot and his grandson Menumorut, dux of Biharia, were of Kabar descent[citation needed]. One of the names on the Kievian Letter is "Kiabar", which may suggest that Kabars settled in Kiev as well. At least some Kabars were of Jewish faith; others may have been Christians, Muslims or shamanists.[3] The presence of a Turkic aristocracy among the Hungarians could explain the Byzantine protocol by which, in the exchange of ambassadors under Constantine Porphyrogenitus, Hungarian rulers were always referred to as "Princes of the Turks".[4] The Kabars eventually assimilated into the general Hungarian population, leaving scattered remains and some cultural and linguistic imprints. Some scholars[citation needed] believe that the Szkely are their descendants.

A Kabar inscription
The Mihai Viteazu inscription (Alsszentmihly inscription), discovered in the 20th century in present-day Romania, is one of few surviving relics of the Kabars. It was transcribed by the archaeologist-historian Gbor Vkony.[5] According to the transcription, the meaning of the two-row inscription is the following:[6] (first row) "His mansion is famous." and (second row) "Jedi Kr Karaite." or "Jedi Kr the Karaite." See more details: Inscription in Khazarian Rovas script and RovasPedia [7].

Kabar

References
Rna-Tas, Andrs (1996): A honfoglal magyar np. Bevezets a korai magyar trtnelem ismeretbe [The conquering Hungarian nation. Introduction to the knowledge of the early Hungarian history]. Budapest: Balassi Kiad, ISBN 963-506-106-4 Khavars in the Rovaspedia [8]

Notes
[1] According to the Turcologist Andrs Rna-Tas, the name Kabar" is faulty, the right pronunciation is Khavar. Rna-Tas, Andrs (1996a): A honfoglal magyar np. Bevezets a korai magyar trtnelem ismeretbe [The conquering Hungarian nation. Introduction to the knowledge of the early Hungarian history]. Budapest: Balassi Kiad, p. 273 [2] Peter F. Sugar, Pter Hank, Tibor Frank, A History of Hungary, Indiana University Press, 1994 page 11. (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=SKwmGQCT0MAC& pg=PA1& dq=Hungarian+ conquest& hl=en& ei=MwqvTOLICM_IswaqusmwDQ& sa=X& oi=book_result& ct=result& resnum=1& ved=0CCQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage& q=three kabar& f=false) [3] Golden, Peter B. "The Conversion of the Khazars to Judaism." The World of the Khazars: New Perspectives. Brill, 2007. p. 150. [4] Ren Grousset, The Empire of the Steppes, p.178. Rutgers University Press, 1988. ISBN 0-8135-1304-9 [5] Vkony, Gbor (2004): A szkely rovsrs emlkei, kapcsolatai, trtnete [The Relics, Relations and the History of the Szekely Rovas Script]. Publisher: Nap Kiad, Budapest. ISBN 963-9402-45-1 [6] Vkony, Gbor (1997): Szkthitl Hungriig: vlogatott tanulmnyok. [From Scythia to Hungary: selected Studies] Szombathely: letnk Szerk. Magyar rk Szvetsge. Nyugat-magyarorszgi Csoport. Ser.: letnk knyvek, p. 110 [7] http:/ / wiki. rovas. info/ index. php/ Als%C3%B3szentmih%C3%A1ly_Rovas_inscription [8] http:/ / wiki. rovas. info/ index. php/ Khavars

Article Sources and Contributors

Article Sources and Contributors

Kabar Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=592446974 Contributors: AKeckarov, Altenmann, BD2412, Bgwhite, Billinghurst, Briangotts, Carlossuarez46, Chessy999, Colonies Chris, Criztu, CumbiaDude, Dbachmann, Ddama, Dr. Blofeld, Edward321, Eliyak, Fakirbakir, Ghirlandajo, Hobartimus, Hubacelgrand, IZAK, J04n, Jedibob5, Joy, Juro, Kansas Bear, Kaz, Keeper76, Kintetsubuffalo, Kkev13, Laslovarga, LilHelpa, Loreleil, NightFalcon90909, Nostradamus1, NotWith, Omnipaedista, Orenburg1, Oxymoron83, PiMaster3, Polkanov4, Romeo Svengali, RottweilerCS, Rovasscript, Sabri76, Scott Moore, Tabletop, Toddy1, Untifler, Wikievil666, Zestauferov, 86 anonymous edits

License
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 //creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/