Unit 3. THE HUMAN BODY.

3 A- HUMAN NUTRITION.
3 B- RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. 3C- CIRCULATORY SYSTEM. 3D- EXCRETORY SYSTEM.

Unit 3 A : Human Nutrition.

INDEX

Unit 3(a): Human body. 1. New words.

Breaking down-romper/deshacer. Break up-partir.

Slippery-resbaladiza To swallow-tragar. Small intestine-intestino delgado. Large intestine- intestino grueso. Gall bladder- vescula biliar. Bile- bilis Bolus of food- bolo alimenticio. Pharynx-faringe. Chyme- quimo Chyle- quilo

Unit 3(a): Human body. 1. New words.

Salivary glands glndulas salivares. Liver-hgado. Juices- jugos. Takes place- tiene lugar. Pancreas- pancreas. Plenty- mucho. Gastric juices- jugos gstricos.

Unit 3(a): Human body.

-Definition of Nutrition.

Nutrition consits of extracting nutrients and oxygen, distributing them around the body and excreting the residues.

Unit 3(a): Human body.

1.

The Nutrition processes.

Digestion. Consists of breaking down

food into simpler substances until we obtain energy. Breathing. we obtain the oxygen from the air.Our cells need to work and excrete the carbon dioxide that we produce as a residue.

Unit 3(a): Human body.

1.

Circulation. Consists of transporting

nutrients, oxygen and residues around the body. Excretion. Is the expulsion of the residues.

Unit 3(a): Human body.

1.
THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

The Nutrition systems.

THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM

NUTRITION SYSTEMS:

The Digestive system The Respiratory system The Circulatory system

The Excretory system

DIGESTION
It consists in breaking down food into simpler

substances until we obtain the nutrients. It includes: The digestive tract The digestive glands.

The digestive tract includes:

Mouth Pharynx Oesophagus (foodpipe) Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine

The digestive glands are:

Salivary glands Gall bladder Liver Pancreas

Mouth
It breaks up food and

makes it slippery so it is easy to swallow.

Mouth

Pharynx
It is the passage to the

stomach and lungs.

Pharynx

Oesophagus
(gullet)(food pipe)
the tube that connects your mouth and your stomach

Stomach
A stretchy bag that

helps to break food into smaller pieces so your body can use it for energy and nutrition.

Oesophagus

Stomach

Small Intestine
Tube that is 20 feet long.

It absorbs digested food into the blood.

Food stays in your small intestine for 4

to 8 hours

Small Intestine

Large Intestine
Tube that is 5 feet long. Gets waste from small intestine.
Waste stays for 10 to 12 hours

Large Intestine

Gall Bladder
Storage tank for bile (a greenish-yellow liquid) that

helps your body break down and use fats.

Located under your liver. Shaped like a pear.

Gall Bladder

Liver
Factory for antibodies and bile.

Stores vitamins and sugars until your body needs

them.

Liver

Pancreas
It makes

chemicals to digest all kinds of food.

Functions
Digest the food we eat. Take the nutrients out of your food so

your body can use it.

Summary
Functions
Digests food Absorbs nutrients for

the body

Components Mouth Oesophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Pancreas Liver Gall Bladder

Four Stages of Digestion

Ingesting
Digesting Absorbing

Eliminating

Stage 1:Digestion in the mouth and oesophagus

The teeth cut the food.

The salivary glands produce saliva. The tongue mixes the saliva with the food and forms a bolus of food. This passes down the pharynx and the oesophagus.

 Esophagus: as food passes

through the pharynx, the epiglottis covers the airway tube. The food moves on to the esophagus. The esophagus is a tube that connects the pharynx and the stomach.

 The esophagus is long and muscular The bolus is pushed through the esophagus in a process called peristalsis.

Stage 2: Digestion in the Stomach

The stomach produces substances called gastric juices. When these juices mix with the bolus of food, they form a partially digested food paste called chyme.

Stage 3: Digestion in the Small Intestine

The pancreas produces pancreatic juices. The liver produces bile. The intestine produces intestinal juices.

These juices and the movements of the small intestine form chyle which contains the nutrients.

Stage 3: Digestion in the Small Intestine

ABSORPTION: The walls of the intestine contain veins and capillaries which absorb the nutrients. They are transported through the circulatory system all around the body in the blood.

Stage 4: Digestion in the Large Intestine

In the large intestine, water is extracted from the

residues which form faeces.

These are excreted through the anus.

Activities: 3.1 page 23 Chyme is

formed in the sotmach. Faeces are formed in the large intestine. Capillaries absorb the nutrients in the small intestine. Food is masticated in the mouth.

Activities:
Digestive glands are:

Salivary glands, liver,

gall bladder, pancreas.

Parts of digestive tract: Mouth, tongue,

pharynx,oesophagus, small intestine, large intestine.

Digestion Summary:
ORGANS MOUTH with teeth, tongue and salivary glands. FUNCTION Cuts the food and produces SALIVA FOOD TRANSFORMATION BOLUS

PHARYNX AND OESOPHAGUS

STOMACH SMALL INTESTINE with Liver, Gall bladder and Pancreas

Move the food with movements called PERISTALSIS

Produces GASTRIC JUICES

BOLUS

CHYME

Produces CHYLE INTESTINAL JUICES AND BILE and absorbs NUTRIENTS

LARGE INTESTINE Excrete RESIDUES

FAECES

Healthy Habits
Eat food that is high in fiber like fruits and vegetables

Drink plenty of water

Chew your food completely

before you swallow

Avoid foods high in fat

Interesting Facts
Food is in your digestive system for about 24 hours

Your stomach stretches when

you eat like a balloon being filled with air

You have a trap door called the epiglottis to cover your windpipe when you swallow.

Your stomach mashes your food

the way a baker kneads dough for bread.

Summary
Healthy Habits
Eat high fiber foods Drink lots of water Chew food well Avoid high-fat foods

3b- The Respiratory System.

3b- The Respiratory System.

Index.
1.New words 2.Breathing and parts of the respiratory

system. 3.Phases of breathing. 4.Activities. 5.Experiment.

Unit 3(b): Human body. 1. New words. Airways- vas respiratorias. Nassal passages- fosas nasales. Pharynx- faringe. Larynx- laringe. Trachea- traquea. Bronchus /bronqui- bronquios. Bronquiole/bronquioles- bronquiolos Alveolus/alveoli- alveolos.

Unit 3(b): Human body. 1. New words.

Lungs pulmones. Diaphragm-diafragma. Inhalation- inalacin Exhalation- exhalar It warms-calienta It moisteus- humedece It filters- filtra Inhaled-inhalado

Unit 3(b): Human body. 1. New words.

Vocal cords- cuerdas vocales. It reaches- alcanza. Network- red. Branches- ramas. Exchanged- intercambio. Increase- aumentar. Relaxes- relajar. Keep- mantener.

Unit 3(b): Human body.

2. Breathing and parts of the respiratory system.

-By breathing we obtain the oxygen our cells need to work and excrete the carbon dioxide our cells produce as a residue.

Unit 3(b): Human body.

PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.

-The airways-

the nassal passages, the pharynx, the larynx, the trachea, the bronchi, the bronchioles and the alveoli.

The lungs- are separated from the

abdomen by the diaphragm.

Unit 3(b): Human body.

3-The phases of breathing.

There are two phases when

you are breathing: 3.1- Inhalation. 3.2- Exhalation.

Unit 3(b): Human body.

3.1 Inhalation.
The air enters into the nasal passages and

continues down the alveoli. The diaphragm contracts. The volume of lungs increases. The oxygen passes into the blood, which distributes around the body. The carbon dioxide in the blood passes to the alveoli.

Unit 3(b): Human body.

3.2. Exhalation.

The diaphragm relaxes and the

lungs get smaller. The air full of carbon dioxide is expelled through the airways.

Unit 3(b): Human body.

4. Activities.

Page 27 (3) Page 27 (1 and 2)

Unit 3(c): The circulatory system.

Unit 3(c): The circulatory system.

Index.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

New words The circulatory system . Parts of the circulatory system. Healthy habits. Experiment Activities.

Unit 3(b): Human body. 1. New words.

Blood vesselsArteriesVeinsChambersCapillariesthe pulsesBlood pressureHeart beat rateRestrugDisorderHollowFistAtriumVentricleThick -

Vasos sanguneos arterias venas compartimentos capilares pulsaciones tensin arterial tasa de pulsaciones descansando alteraciones, enfermedades hueco puo aurcula ventrculo grueso

Unit 3(b): Human body.

2- The Circuylatory system.

The circulatory system. CIRCULATION consists of transporting nutrients, oxygen and residues around the body

Unit 3(b): Human body.

3. The Circulatory system.

The circulatory System consists of:

Blood vessels Blood Heart

Unit 3(b): Human body. 1. The Circuylatory system.

BLOOD VESSELS
Blood vessels are

the conducts through which the blood circulates, pushed by the heart.

THERE ARE THREE TYPES

VEINS: they transport the blood

from the organs to the heart. ARTERIES: they transport the blood from the heart to the organs. CAPILLARIES: They are very small vessels that connect the veins and arteries and reach all the cells in our body.

THERE ARE THREE TYPES

VEINS are thinner than arteries
ARTERIES are the thickest CAPILLARIES are the thinnest

 Veins are blue

because they are carrying the darker blood without oxygen back to heart.

 Arteries have

oxygenated blood that is bright red colour.

The oxygen Gas Exchange Occurs, and

CO2 are exchangedin the

Oxygen Rich

cells

Tissue

Oxygen Poor

Oxygen Rich

Oxygen Poor

Now lets go back to the heart!!!

The first person to describe circulation as we know it today was Dr. William Harvey

THE HEART

The heart is a hollow organ made of muscle.

The heart is placed in the chest, a little to the left side. In the adult it weighs 300 grs and it is about the size of a fist.

It is divided into two unconnected parts the right and left. Each part is also divided into two: The upper part is THE ATRIUM The lower part is THE VENTRICLE The atrium and the ventricle are connected by a valve.

The blood.

In an adults body there are about five litres of blood.

Blood is a thick, red liquid composed of:

Plasma Platelets White blood cells Red blood cells

Whole Blood Sample

Sample Placed in Centrifuge

Blood Sample That Has Been Centrifuged

Plasma is water with different substances dissolved in it. It transports the nutrients and the residues.

There are three types:

RED BLOOD CELLS: give blood its colour and transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.

WHITE BLOOD CELLS: protect us and defend us from infections.

PLATELETS: block our

wounds so we Break in Capillary Wall do not lose too much blood.

Clumping of Platelets

Clot Forms

transports nutrients and oxygen to the cells and take away the residues to where they are eliminated.
*It also defends our body from

*Blood

infections.

Your Heart: The Vital Pump

At REST, the heart pumps at 70

beats a minute. It is usually faster in children. During exercise it may increase to double the resting rate. Also emotions and illnesses may cause the heart to beat faster.

In certain places, at the wrists, in the neck on the temples, arteries are near the surface and cen be felt easily. Doctors take the pulses to know the regularity of the heart.

It is the pressure of blood in the arteries which can be too high or to low in some diseases. A normal blood pressure is 120/80

Massive loss of blood requires a transfusion Four Types

A B AB O

Inherited from your parents

Blood Transfusions

Blood Type of Donor A B AB O

Blood Type of Recipient A B AB O

Unsuccessful transfusion

Successful transfusion

LUNGS

The CirculatorySystem Healthy habits

Current PREVENTION Recommendations

Regular exercise

Weight control

Well balanced diet

Do not eat too much junk food

It contains cholesterol, a fat that collects in our blood vessels and blocks them.

Do not smoke

Summary
Healthy Habits
Regular exercise Weight control Well balanced diet Do not eat too much junk food Do not smoke