EC2251: ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS II SEM / YEAR: IV/ II UNIT I FEEDBACK AMPLIFIERS 2 MARKS QUESTIONS Define positive and negative

feedback What i s return ratio of a feedback amplifier? Draw the block diagram of voltage shunt feedback amplifier and write the expressions for its input and output resistances. What is the impact of negative feedback on noise in circuits? Define sensitivity and desensitivity of gain in feedback amplifiers. Define loop gain. List the characteristics of negative feedback amplifiers. ddition of negative feedback to an amplifier reduces its voltage gain from !"" to #".Determine the feedback factor. What are the different classifications of negative feedback amplifier? $ow negative feedback causes reduction in noise in amplifiers? Draw the e%uivalent circuit of a transconductance amplifier. Derive using a block diagram the closed loop forward transfer ratio system. f of a feedback

&f an amplifier has a gain of '""and feedback ratio is ".()find the gain with negative feedback compare the input and output resistance for a voltage and current shunt feedback amplifier What are the disadvantages of negative feedback? $ow negative feedback reduces distortion in an amplifier? Define feedback factor. What are the advantages of negative feedback in amplifier.

Determine the gain of an amplifier with feedback) when the open loop gain is *"" and the feedback factor is ".*. Determine the gain with feedback for the amplifier with the open loop and feedback factor".(. +alculate ,he +losed Loop -ain .f /egative 0eedback -ain &s (""""" nd 0eedback 0actor &s "."( mplifier &f &ts .pen Loop

What is effect on input and output impedance of an amplifier if it employs voltage series negative feedback

8 MARKS QUESTIONS n amplifier has a mid1fre%uency gain of ("" and a bandwidth of *"" 2$3.What will be the new bandwidth and gain) if 45 negative feedback is introduced?6*7What should be the amount of feedback) if the bandwidth is to be restricted to ( 8$3? 9xplain /y%uist criterion to analyse the stability of feedback amplifiers. 9xplain voltage series and voltage shunt feedback connections. negative feedback reduces gain of an amplifier. 9xplain the effect of negative feedback on the input resistances for a voltage shunt feedback amplifier. what are the different performance measures of feedback amplifiers? Discuss each in brief. negative feedback is used to reduce the noise from an amplifier by :"5.Waht must be the percentage negative feedback to accomplish this if the amplifier voltage gain is (""? Discuss the classification of feedback amplifiers with schematic 6topology7.$ow is impedance level modified in each type? n amplifier has a mid band gain of (*4 and a bandwidth *4" k$3. &f '5 negative feedback is introduced) find the new bandwidth and gain. &f the bandwidth is to be restricted to ( 8$3) find the feedback ratio. ,he voltage shunt feedback amplifier has the following values of circuit parameters. ;s < #""=) hie < 4k=) hf e < :") ;L < *k=) ;> < '"k=. +alculate v ) ;if ) vf ) ;of and ;of . Describe the effect of negative feedback amplifier on the bandwidth and harmonic distortion

of a amplifier negative feedback amplifier has an open loop gain of #"""" and a closed loop gain of !"" if the open loop upper cut off fre%uency is 2h3) estimate the closed loop upper cut off fre%uency. lso calculate the total harmonic distortion with feedback if there is ("5 harmonic distortion without feedback?

16 MARKS QUESTIONS Draw the circuit of a current series feedback amplifier and explain . Derive expressions for input and output impedance. $ow does it improve the stability of the amplifier Draw the block diagrams of the four possible feedback topologies and explain. 9xplain how negative feedback acts on bandwidth) distortion) &nput &mpedance and .utput &mpedance of a circuit. Derive expression for vf with positive and negative feedback and state condition for stability in negative feedback amplifiers. With a neat circuit diagram) explain which type of feedback is employed in a >?,1emitter follower and obtain the expressions for @ ) & ) ;i A ;" Draw the circuit diagram and e%uivalent circuit for current shunt feedback amplifier and derive the expression for total voltage gain Bketch the circuit of a single stage +9 amplifier that uses emitter current feedback analyse the circuit and derive the e%uations for gain )input and output impedance with feedback?

UNIT-II(Fi !" #$%&' OSCILLATORS PART A 2 M$ (! What is oscillator?

8ention two essential conditions for a circuit to maintain oscillations. &n a ;+ phase shift oscillator) if ;( < ;* < ;! < *"" 2 = and +( < +* < +! < ("" p0 ) find the fre%uency of the oscillator. What are the classifications of .scillators? What are the factors which affect the fre%uency stability of an oscillator? Draw the e%uivalent circuit of a %uart3 crystal. wein bridge oscillator is used for operation at ("2$3. &f the value of the resistance ; is ("" 2 ohms) what is the value of + re%uired. Define >arhausen +riterion. What are the types of feedback oscillators? Define pie3oelectric effect. Draw the feedback circuit of a colpitts oscillator obtain the value of the e%uivalent series capacitance re%uired if it uses a L of (""m$ and is to oscillate at '" 2h3? What is the necessary condition for a wien bridge oscillator circuit to have sustained oscillation?

8 MARKS QUESTIONS 9xplain rmstrong oscillator and derive its fre%uency of oscillation +olpitts oscillator is designed with +( < ("" p0 and +* < C4"" p0 . ,he inductance is variable. Determine the range of inductance values) if the fre%uency of oscillation is to vary between D4" 2$3 and *"4" 2h3. Write a note on fre%uency stability of oscillators. 9xplain the need for three ;+ networks for the circuit functioning. >ring out the advantages of +lapp oscillator over +olpitt oscillator &n a certain oscillator circuit) the gain of the amplifier is 6(# E (" F#7G HI and the feedback factor of the feedback network is ("F:G J* E ("F: K HILF*.@erify

the.>arkhausen criterion for the sustained oscillations. the circuit will oscillate.

lso find the fre%uency at which

16 MARKS QUESTION Describe $artley oscillator with neat circuit diagram. Determine the fre%uency of oscillations and the oscillation condition for it. With circuit diagram drive an expression for fre%uency of oscillation of a +olpitts oscillator 9xplain how >arkhausen conditions are satisfied. Draw the circuit diagram and explain the operation of a ;+ phase shift oscillator. Describe the phase shift network and amplifier gain re%uirements. Derive the expression for fre%uency of operation of the circuit 9xplain Wien bridge oscillator and derive its fre%uency of oscillation.

UNIT-II(S)*+,- #$%&' OSCILLATORS PART A 2 M$ (! Draw the e%uivalent circuit of a %uart3 crystal. Define pie3oelectric effect. Draw the e%uivalent circuit of crystal oscillator. What is 8iller crystal oscillator? What is dissipation factor? Draw the electrical e%uivalent circuit of crystal and mention the significance of each +omponent. Draw the 8illers oscillator circuit. Draw the feedback circuit of a colpitts oscillator obtain the value of the e%uivalent series

capacitance re%uired if it uses a L of (""m$ and is to oscillate at '" 2h3?

8 MARKS QUESTIONS With a neat circuit diagram) explain the operation of a transistor pierce crystal oscillator. ,he e%uivalent circuit of a crystal has the values of L < ".C $) + < "."( p0) ; < (""" = and +m < * p0. +alculate Beries resonant fre%uency) Marallel resonant fre%uency and Nuality factor of the crystal. What is the principle of oscillation of crystals? Bketch the e%uivalent circuit and impedance1fre%uency graph of crystals and obtain its series and parallel resonant fre%uency. 9xplain how crystals are employed in oscillators for stabili3ation

16 MARKS QUESTION With the help of neat circuit diagrams) explain the operation of the following oscillators. lso explain how the fre%uency is found out in each case.6(7 +lapp oscillator 6*7 8iller crystal oscillator 9xplain the working principle of pierce crystal oscillator and miller crystal with neat diagram?

UNIT III TUNED AMPLIFIER 2 MARKS QUESTIONS

Define tuned amplifier Define the term unloaded Q factor What is narrow band neutralisation In a low pass RC circuit rise time is 35 nanosecond what is the band with that can be obtainted in using this circuit !ow does cr"stal oscillator maintained stabilit"

Wh" do tuned amplifier re#uired neutrali$ation %i&e its t"pes '(plain an" one application of a class C tuned amplifier What is a stagger tuned amplifier What is tilt applicable to RC circuit gi&en an e(press for tilt )rief relations ship between band width and Q* factor Define Q of tan+ circuit What is neutralisation , tuned amplifier as its ma(imum gain at a fre#uenc" of - .!$ and as a bandwidth 5/ 0!$1 calculate the Q factor Dri&e the resonance for the tan+ circuit

,n inductor of -5/ micro! as a 2 3// at 3 .!$ determine Rs and Rp of inductor Draw a Class C tuned amplifier circuit and what is it efficienc" What is need for neutrali$ation circuits .ention important features of stagger tuned amplifier

8 MARKS QUESTIONS Discuss about double tuned &oltage amplifier Discuss the effect of band width on cascading single tuned amplifier '(plain !a$etline neutrali$ation method design a tuned amplifier using 4'5 to ha&e a f/ 2 3 .!$ 3db band width is to be 3/ 0!$ and a ma( gain is to be 63/ 4'5 as gm 2 5 m,78 and Rd 2 3/ 9hm Design a single tuned amplifier for the following specifications centre fre#uenc" 5//!:and band ;idth 5/ 0!$ assume transistor parameters gm 2 </=s bfe 2 35/ Cp2 3//>4 and Cbc2 3// >4 the b"pass networ+ and input resistances are ad?usted so that Rib2 = 0ohm and R@ 2 53/ ohm <

'(plain with necessar" circuit ha$et line neutrali$ation and coil neutrali$ation 5he drain circuit of a 4'5 tuned radio fre#uenc" amplifier has a 3// p4 capacitor placed in parallel with an inductor @1 whose unloaded Q6factor is 3//< If the fre#uenc" of resonance is 3 .!$ and the transistor output resistance I s -/ +A1 calculate the loaded Q6factor1 inductance and loaded bandwidth<

16 MARKS QUESTIONS '(plain class C tuned amplifier and deri&e its efficienc" Draw the circuit of a double tuned amplifier and e(plain its operations s+etch the nature of fre#uenc" gain characteristics and write e(pression for 3db band width '(plain briefl" what is the stagger tuned amplifier s+etch and compare the fre#uenc" responses of indi&idual stages with that of two stage stagger tuned amplifier Draw the e#ui&alent circuit of a single tuned amplifier and dri&e the e(pression for the gain as a function of fre#uenc" '(plain the functioning of a capacitor coupled single tuned amplifier <with high fre#uenc" transistor model1 carr" out an anal"sis and obtain the gain and bandwidth of the amplifier<plot its fre#uenc" response What are s"nchronous tuned amplifier< draw the circuit of a two stage capacitor coupled single tuned amplifier and e(plain with e#uation the effect of cascading on the gain band with

UNIT IV .AVE S#APIN/ CIRCUITS AND MULTIVIBRATOR T.O MARKS QUESTIONS Design an integrator to integrate a s%uare wave of ( k$3? Draw the response of a transistor to a pulse and mark all the delays which affect the switching speed? -ive the circuit of an integrator using ; and + as circuit elements and mention its output its output voltage @o) if @& is the input voltage? -ive circuit of combinational clipper. Draw its input and output waveforms for sinusoidal

input? Draw circuit of negative clipper with input and output waveforms? Draw the output @o of the circuit shown for input sinusoidal voltage @in with peak to value of ("@? &n a low pass ;+ circuit ;ise time is !4 nanosec .what is the bandwidth that can be obtained using the circuit? $ow does clipper acts as a diode comparator? &n astable multivibrator ;(<*"kohm)and ;*<("kohm.find the fre%uency and duty cycle if +(<+*<"."(microfarad? Determine the value of capacitors to be used in an astable multivibrator to provide a train of pulse *microsec wide at a repetition rate of ("" 2$3 if ;(<;*<*"kh3 What is tilt applicable to ;+ circuits? given expression. What is multivibrator? What are the applications of bistable 8ultivibrator? What are the different names of bistable 8ultivibrator? What is the main characteristic of stable 8ultivibrator? What is the other name of stable 8ultivibrator1 why is it called so? What are the other names of speed up capacitors? What are the applications of astable 8ultivibtrator? What is a complementary 8ultivibrator? What is the important application of Bchmitt trigger? What are the advantages of monostable 8ultivibrator? What is regenerative comparator?give the example circuit? ;+ low pass circuit has ;<(.42ohms and +<".*microfarad what is rise time of the output when excited by a step inut? 8 MARKS QUESTIONS 9xplain the working principle of complementary collector coupled astable multivibrator

Describe the different triggering methods used for multivibrator circuits 9xplain the working of emitter coupled astable multivibrator with a circuit diagram and derive for its fre%uency. Design the collector coupled astable multivibrator using @cc<*"@ and &c sat< ! m generate a pulse wave at f <* k$3 with C"5 duty cycle. 9xplain circuits used to trigger a transistor monostable multivibrator circuit. to

Bketch a transistor switching circuits and its collector current response waveform for a pulse input.for such a circuit )explain following term6(7delay time6*7turn on time6!7turn off time6'7storage time 647fall time n inverter circuit using */!D"' transistor with ,on<C"nanosec has ;s<#""ohm and ;b<4.#kohm determine si3e of the speed up capacitor to give max improvement in transistor turn on time) recovery time of the circuit) maximum s%uare wave input fre%uency that may used with the circuit? Design a collector coupled astable multivibrator for the following specificationsO@o<("peak)&+6on7 ( milliamps )hfe6min7<("")output to be a positive pulse) the duration of which is *"microsec )the time between pulses to the ("micrisec.state clearly assumptions made )if any? What is important of adding commutating capacitor in a bistable multivibrator? Draw the circuit of a Bchmitt trigger. 9xplain its operation with necessary wave forms and hysteresis diagram. .btain the expressions for L,M and P,M. Discuss) with necessary diagrams) the working of a self1biased bistable multivibrator which uses transistors. Describe the response of low pass ;+ circuit for step and s%uare wave input. Bketch the circuits and wave forms. 9xplain) with suitable circuit and wave forms) the operation of negative clampers? Bketch and define transistor switching times. What is a clipper? 9xplain the operation of positive and negative diode clippers with

waveform? 9xplain how ;+ circuit is used as differentiator. What type of distortion is observed in astable multivibrator? With a neat circuit diagram and waveforms )explain the working of a positive clamping circuit? Draw the circuit to perform following6(7 ,o transmit the part of a sine wave that lies between 1!@ and K#@ 6*7 ,o clip the input sine wave below 1'@ ;ectangular Mulse .f @oltage pplied ,o ,he >ase .f ,ransistor Driving &t 0rom +ut .ff ,o Baturation.9xplain various times involved in the switching process

16 MARKS QUESTIONS *"kh3)C45 duty cycle s%uare wave is used to trigger continuously )a monostable multivibrator with a trigger pulse duration 4microsec.what will the duty cycle of the waveform at the output of the monostable multivibrator? Draw the circuit of a collector coupled transistor monostable multivibrator. Bketch the wave forms at base and collector for each transistor when the circuit is triggered and explain its working. Design a Bchmitt trigger circuit f or @cc<(" @QP,M<4 @QL,M<!@. ssume hf e<("" and &c<( m . Design a monostable multivibrator f or the f following specify icationsO@cc<(" @Q@bb<#@Q&c<( m Qdurationof output pulse<(' secQhf e min<(""Q&cbo<"Q@be<1".4 @. $ow does high pass ;+ response to a step input voltage)pulse)s%ure wave input voltage and ramp input voltage.discuss its responses with neat diagram? ,he fixed bias bistable multivibrator uses the following parameters vcc<*"v)vbb<1 :v);(<("kohm) *<4"kohm);c<*.*kohm.the transistor has a maxmum value of hfe has !".calculate stable currents and voltages assuming @ce6sat7<".*v and vbe6sat7<".Cv.

UNIT- 5(Fi !" 0$%&' BLOCKIN/ OSCILLATORS AND TIMEBASE /ENERATORS PART A Define >locking .scillator.

What are the two important elements of >locking .scillator? What are the applications of blocking .scillator? -ive the expression f or co1efficient of coupling. -ive the formula for transformation ratio. Define rise time. Define overshoot. Define flat top response. Define droop or a tilt.

PART B 8 MARKS 9xplain how blocking oscillator can be used to generate high current pulses of short duration. 9xplain the applications of voltage and current time base circuits. $ow a high pass ;+ circuit is used as a dif f erentiator? .btain the period of oscillation of a P?, relaxation oscillator. With neat circuit diagram and waveforms of P?, relaxation oscillator.Derive the expression for sweep time and fre%uency of oscillation of the circuit? 9xplain the operation of a simple current time base generator circuit? 16 MARKS 9xplain bootstrap saw1tooth generator with circuit diagram and draw the output signal. With a neat diagram explain the circuit f or generating sweep using P?,..btain the expressions f or sweep period and f re%uency. UNIT- 5(S)*+,- 0$%&' BLOCKIN/ OSCILLATORS AND TIMEBASE /ENERATORS PART A What are the applications of pulse transformer. When do the cores saturates? What are the two types of astable >locking .scillator? Define Bweep time in saw tooth generator. Define Displacement error in the saw tooth generator.

What is constant current charging?

PART B 8 MARKS -ive the circuit diagram of miller saw tooth generator and explain its working with necessarywavef orms Write brief notes on monostable blocking oscillator 9xplain the working of a f ree running blocking oscillator. Describe 8onostable blocking oscillator using base timing. 16 MARKS 9xplain the operation of a bootstrap ramp generator circuit.Discuss the advantages of this circuit with other ramp generators. Draw the circuit diagram and describe the working of a monostable blocking oscillator with base timing.Derive the expression for the pulse width? Draw the circuit diagram and describe the working of a >&stable blocking oscillator with base timing.Derive the expression for the pulse width?