Lecture 8: Flexibility Method - Trusses

The plane truss shown below is statically indeterminate to the second degree The
Example
The plane truss shown below is statically indeterminate to the second degree. The
horizontal reaction at support B (positive to the right) and axial force in bar AD (positive in
tension) are selected as redundants. Find these redundants.
The cut bar remains part of the released structure since the deformation in the cut bar must
be included in the calculations of displacements in the released structure.
Lecture 8: Flexibility Method - Trusses
A displacement corresponding to Q
2
consists of the relative translation of the end of bar AD.
When the ends of bar AD displace toward one another the displacements are in the direction
of Q
2
and thus are positive. When the joints move away the displacements are negative.
The first step in the analysis is determining the displacements that correspond to Q
1
and Q
2
in the released structure due to external loads. These displacements are denoted D
QL1
and
D
QL2
and are depicted below.
Assuming that all the members have the same axial stiffness EA, then from application of
Castiglianos theorem
( )
PL
D 2 2 1+ = ( )
EA
PL
EA
D
QL
828 . 3
2 2 1
1
=
+ =
Pl if th titi f h k Th i i i di t th t j i t A d D
EA
PL
D
QL
2
2
=
Please verify these quantities for homework. The minus signs indicate that joints A and D
move away from each other under the application of the external load in the released
structure.
Lecture 8: Flexibility Method - Trusses
The next step will be the determination of the displacements associated with Q
1
and Q
2
in the released structure due to unit loads at Q
1
and Q
2
, i.e., determine the flexibility
coefficients The flexibility coefficient F is the displacement corresponding to Q and coefficients. The flexibility coefficient F
11
is the displacement corresponding to Q
1
and
caused by a unit value of Q
1
. Thus
( )
L
( )
EA
L
EA
L
F
828 . 3
2 2 1
11
=
+ =
EA
The flexibility coefficient F
21
is the displacement corresponding to Q
2
and caused by a
unit value of Q
1
. Thus unit value of Q
1
. Thus
( )
EA
L
F 2 4
2
21
+ =
EA
L
707 . 2 =
Lecture 8: Flexibility Method - Trusses
The flexibility coefficient F
22
is the displacement corresponding to Q
2
and caused by a
unit value of Q
2
Thus unit value of Q
2
. Thus
( )
EA
L
F 2 1
2
22
+ =
EA
L
828 . 4 =
The flexibility coefficient F
12
is the displacement corresponding to Q
1
and caused by a
unit value of Q
2
. Thus
( )
L
EA
L
F 2 4
2
12
+ =
EA
L
707 . 2 =
Lecture 8: Flexibility Method - Trusses
The flexibility matrix is
| |
(

=
828 4 707 2
707 . 2 828 . 3
A
L
F | |
(

828 . 4 707 . 2 EA
The inverse of this matrix is
| |
(
(

2426 . 0 4328 . 0
1
EA
F | |
(

=
3431 . 0 2426 . 0 L
F
There are no support displacements in the truss. Thus the displacement in the structure
corresponding to Q
1
is p g Q
1
In addition, the displacement in the structure corresponding to Q
2
consists of a relative
di l t f th j i t A d D I th i i l i t t th t d f
0
1
=
Q
D
displacement of the joints A and D. In the original, or primary structure, the cut ends of
bar AD occupy the same location in space before loads are applied. After loads are
applied the cut ends still occupy the same point, however the point moved to another
location. So relative to either cut end of the released structure, no translation takes place. p
Thus
0
2
=
Q
D
Lecture 8: Flexibility Method - Trusses
{ } { } | |{ } Q F D D
QL Q
+ =
The compatibility equation is
Manipulating this expression and substituting the inverse of the flexibility matrix leads to pu g s e p ess o d subs u g e ve se o e e b y e ds o
or
{ } | | { } { } { }
QL Q
D D F Q =
1
{ }
(
)
`

)
`

)
`

=
828 3 2426 0 4328 0
2
828 . 3
0
0
3431 . 0 2426 . 0
2426 . 0 4328 . 0
AE
PL
L
EA
Q
`

=
)
`

=
172 . 1
2
828 . 3
3431 . 0 2426 . 0
2426 . 0 4328 . 0
P
AE
PL
L
EA
The minus sign for Q
2
indicates that member AD is in compression
)
`

=
2432 . 0
P