Date: 9/24/2013 Arango

Report #: 4 Prepared By: Alejandra

Project Title: Highway Energy Harnessing System Energy harnessing system to integrate into the highway system and capture thermal energy. Team Members: Andrew Lyon, Zack Hixon, Torus Washington, Alejandra Arango 1. Major activities for this week were mainly look at the needs that we have already discussed and classify them into super groups according to similarities. 2. The main problem was determining if a need could belong to two super groups but we were able to overcome this problem by going through the slides. 3. We planned to go over the metrics and do some research on it. 4. Team dynamics are going well, we all always come to agreements, We always work together to put all our different ideas and make it a good strong one that will make our project successful.

User Needs Alejandra Arango, Zack Hixon, Torus Washington, Andrew Lyon Repairs are easy to access (Functionality) (Hygiene) Negligible additional road construction time (Compatibility) (Affordability)

 Energy return is substantial (Affordability) (Functionality) Investment cost is reasonable (Affordability) Lifespan is comparable to current infrastructure (Durability) System is in modules (segmented) (Compatibility) (Usability) Easily retrofitted for future improvements (Compatibility) (Hygiene) Safe Conditions Driver Safety Installation Safety Easily converted for residential usage (Compatibility) (Novelty) Installation supplies are easily transported (Compatibility) (Affordability) Cost effective (Affordability) Green (good for environment, low ecological impact) (Functionality) (Safety) Safety (Safety) Appearance (Aesthetics) Climate resistance (Durability) Interchangeable components (Hygiene) (Compatibility)

 Compatible with government transportation standards (Compatibility) (Usability) Safe structure configuration (avoid collisions/accidents) (Safety) Durability Preliminary Metrics

Climate resistance If the internal temperature exceeds 70C (158F), the long term durability of some concretes can be affected by delayed ettringite formation (DEF). DEF is rare and only certain concretes can be affected. When DEF occurs, the concrete paste expands and cracks the concrete with detrimental results, which may not be evident for many years. Additionally, while the interior can be quite hot, the surface can be relatively cool. The resulting large temperature difference results in large thermal stresses which can cause cracking of the surface. Historically, limiting the temperature difference between the interior and surface so that it is less than 20C (35F) has been found to prevent or minimize thermal cracking. Certain concretes are more tolerant of thermal cracking than others, and these concretes can withstand a higher temperature difference without thermally cracking. You must ensure that the maximum temperature in the concrete will not exceed 70C (158F). In placements over about 1.80 m (6 ft) thick, the maximum temperature is the sum of the installed concrete temperature plus the temperature rise of the concrete. The temperature rise can be measured or estimated. If the maximum temperature of the concrete is predicted to exceed 70C (158F), the concrete can be precooled by using chilled batch water, substituting ice for a portion of the batch water, or by liquid nitrogen injection into the fresh concrete. If significant precooling is required, internal cooling pipes can be used to reduce the amount of precooling.