AGB Purlin Brochure

AGB Brochure Use:Layout 3
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July 2004
ZED PURLINS AND CEE SECTIONS

SYSTEMS MANUAL
STRUCTURAL
22/7/10
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Page 3
Introduction
AGB provides the complete building envelope solution. This publication
focuses on the technical requirements of structural steelwork and will give
you through all the criteria.
The Manufacturing Process
We have been manufacturing Purlins for over 20 years during which time
our manufacturing process and product range has been continually
upgraded in line with changing technology. As well as manufacturing Zed
Purlins and Cee Sections, we offer a wide range of architectural
components to complete the aesthetic appearance of the building
envelope including: flashings; eaves; gutters; insulated panels; rooflights
and rainscreen systems.
Our production line has been upgraded to incorporate advanced

technology facilitating optimum forming, punching and cutting accuracy.
Quality Assurance is maintained to certificated ISO 9001:2000
requirements.
For further assistance on any information contained in this brochure or

details of our other products and services please telephone
0141 556 7551.
The Products
1. Zed Purlings the established classic section which combines
maximum load bearing efficiency with ease of fixing. Our range has
been dimensionally enhanced bringing the products to class leading
structural standards.
2. Cee Section we manufacture a range of Cee Sections fully
compatible with our Zed Purlins. These products are offered cut and
punched to customers exact requirements and provide solutions to a
wide range of building applications.
The above products are produced from hot dipped galvanised coil to
BS EN10147 Fe E350G- Z39
The Service
We consider ourselves to be an extremely customer orientated company
and rate their needs of paramount importance. To this end, when
required, we produce an extremely flexible and rapid production/delivery
service backed by our own fleet of vehicles.
Design Package
The Content of this manual and design program have been developed
by Dr. Ronald Cunningham, of Cunningham Associates, to the
requirements of BS5950: Part 5: 1987. Design methods are based on
extensive rational analysis and have been verified by testing carried out
at Dundee University and in-house.
22/7/10
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Page 4
Contents
Zed Profile Purlin Systems
Zed Sleeved-Purlin Systems
Zed Heavy End-Bay & Zed Butted System
Zed Purlin Sag-System Requirements
Roof Sag Bar & Roof Angle Brace System
Sleeved Purlins
HEB Purlins
Butted Purlins
Sleeved Sheeting Rail
Butted Sheeting Rail
Zed or Cee Section Brick Restraint
Eaves Beams
Detailing Section
10-11
Zed and Cee Section Sheeting Rails
12
Sleeved Rail System
13
Butted & Double Span Rail System
14
Sheeting Rail Sag-System Requirments

Horizontal Wall Cladding Requirements
Special Applications
17
18-28
18
19
20
21
22-23
24
25
26
27
28
43-49
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
Detailing
Load Tables
Special
Applications
Horizontal
Cladding
Monopitch Roofs
Low Pitch Roofs
Curved Roofs
Steep Roofs
Tiled Roofs
Parapet Framing
Doors & Windows
Fire Rated Walls
Suspended Services & Point Loads
Base Angles
15-16
Zed Purlin/Rail System-Hole Punching

Typical Zed Section Holing Patterns
Typical C-Section
Fire Wall Rail Holing
Standard Cleats for Zeds and Cee Section
Anti-Sag System Components
Miscellaneous Components
31-32
33-34
35-36
37-38
39-40
41
42
Rail Systems
Eaves Beam Sections
29-30
Zed Purlin
Systems
Zed and Cree Properties
Load Tables Introduction
Sag Bar & Brace

Systems
Eaves Beam
Sections
Introduction and Contents
Contact - AGB for further technical and sales information contact us at

Glasgow: 0141 556 7551 Fyvie, Aberdeenshire: 01651 891668
Complete
Building Envelope
Solutions
22/7/10
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Page 5
Section Properties for
Zed Sections & Cee Sections
Section Dimensions (mm)

Section Depth
Zeds
140, 170
200
240
Cees
60
70
75
54
64
67
16
16
17
20
20
17
62
70
73
13
15
15
Zed Sections
Section
Wt
(kg/m)
Area
(cm2)
Zxe
(cm3)
Zyy
(cm3)
Ixx
(cm4)
Iyy
(cm4)
Rx
(mm)
Ry
(mm)
Poc
(N/mm2)
Qs
Xna
(mm)
Yna
(mm)
Mc
(kNm)
Z14016
Z14018
Z14020
Z17015
Z17016
Z17018
Z17020
Z17025
Z20016
Z20018
Z20020
Z20025
Z24018
Z24020
Z24025
3.49.
3.92
4.34
3.63
3.87
4.34
4.81
5.96
4.50
5.05
5.59
6.94
5.70
6.31
7.84
4.45
4.99
5.52
4.63
4.93
5.53
6.12
7.59
5.73
6.43
7.12
8.84
7.26
8.04
9.99
19.12
21.45
23.71
23.30
24.87
27.90
30.84
37.95
33.68
38.17
42.38
52.39
49.63
55.14
68.30
5.75
6.40
7.02
5.42
5.75
6.39
7.02
8.51
7.50
8.35
9.18
11.19
9.02
9.92
12.09
136.2
152.2
167.8
201.8
214.5
239.8
264.7
325.5
346.5
387.7
428.3
527.9
612.7
677.4
836.2
33.6
37.3
40.9
31.7
33.6
37.3
40.9
49.5
51.4
57.2
62.8
76.2
65.3
71.8
87.2
55.3
55.2
55.1
66.0
66.0
65.9
65.7
65.5
77.8
77.7
77.5
77.3
91.9
91.8
91.5
27.5
27.4
27.2
26.2
26.1
26.0
25.9
25.5
30.0
29.8
29.7
29.4
30.0
29.9
29.5
335.7
346.0
354.9
314.5
321.1
332.5
342.3
361.2
304.1
316.5
327.1
347.9
298.5
310.3
333.2
0.722
0.756
0.785
0.635
0.653
0.683
0.708
0.770
0.598
0.633
0.661
0.717
0.570
0.598
0.650
22.3
22.3
22.2
17.3
17.3
17.2
17.1
17.0
16.7
16.7
16.6
16.5
13.8
13.7
13.6
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.6
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.6
0.8
0.7
0.4
70.7
70.7
70.7
85.8
85.8
85.8
85.8
85,8
100.7
100.7
100.7
100.7
122.4
122.4
122.4
6.42
7.42
8.41
7.33
7.99
9.28
10.56
13.71
10.24
12.08
13.86
18.23
14.81
17.11
22.76
Cee Sections
Section
Wt
(kg/m)
Area
(cm2)
Zxe
(cm3)
Zyy
(cm3)
Ixx
(cm4)
Iyy
(cm4)
Rx
(mm)
Ry
(mm)
Poc
(N/mm2)
Qs
Xna
(mm)
Yna
(mm)
Mc
(kNm)
C14016
C14018
C14020
C17015
C17016
C17018
C17020
C17025
C20016
C20018
C20020
C20025
C24018
C24020
C24025
3.49
3.92
4.34
3.63
3.87
4.34
4.81
5.96
4.50
5.05
5.59
6.94
5.70
6.31
7.84
4.45
4.99
5.52
4.63
4.93
5.53
6.12
7.59
5.73
6.43
7.12
8.84
7.26
8.04
9.99
19.45
22.0
24.41
23.53
25.23
28.48
31.59
38.95
33.70
38.38
42.81
53.17
50.29
56.15
69.90
5.07
5.63
6.18
4.89
5.18
5.76
6.32
7.65
6.80
7.56
8.31
10.11
8.23
9.06
11.03
139.2
155.5
171.5
205.3
218.3
243.9
269.3
331.1
349.4
390.9
431.9
532.3
615.5
680.5
840.0
22.0
24.4
26.8
22.0
23.4
26.0
28.5
34.5
34.8
38.8
42.6
51.8
45.3
49.8
60.7
55.9
55.8
55.7
66.6
66.5
66.4
66.3
66.0
78.1
78.0
77.9
77.6
92.1
92.0
91.7
22.2
22.1
22.0
21.8
21.8
21.7
21.6
21.3
24.7
24.6
24.5
24.2
25.0
24.9
24.6
335.1
345.4
354.3
314.0
320.5
332.0
341.7
361.2
304.1
316.5
327.1
347.9
298.8
310.7
333.7
0.713
0.752
0.783
0.625
0.645
0.679
0.707
0.770
0.589
0.628
0.658
0.717
0.567
0.596
0.650
18.6
18.6
18.6
16.9
16.9
16.9
16.9
16.9
18.8
18.8
18.8
18.8
18.0
18.0
18.0
70.0
70.0
70.0
85.0
85.0
85.0
85.0
85.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
120.0
120.0
120.0
6.52
7.60
8.65
7.39
8.09
9.46
10.79
14.07
10.25
12.15
14.00
18.50
15.03
17.44
23.32
22/7/10
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Page 6
Zed Profile Purlin Systems
Zed Purlin
Systems
Four systems are available i.e. the popular sleeved system, sleeved
double-span system, heavy end-bay system and butted system. These
four systems allow for a very flexible and efficient range off solutions to
roofing supports in a wide variety of design situations, the major feature
of which are outlined below.
Sleeved System
A system of single bay-length sections with sleeves at penultimate
supports and at alternative internal supports. Minimum number of spans
is 2 and the maximum span is 10m.
Details on page 43.
Load Tables on page 31-32
Sleeved Double-Span System

Sleeves at penultimate supports and staggered at internal bays.
Reduced number of components over the sleeved system, with
maximum section length restriced to 15m. Minimum number of spans is
4 and the maximum span is 7.5m.
Details on page 43.
Heavy End-Bay System

An efficient sleeve-system with sleeves at all supports thus allowing
thinner internal purlins as compared with end bays. The thicker end-bay
sections are utilised as sleeve sections at all supports to avoid
misplacement on site. Minimum number of spans is 4 and maximum
span is 10m.
Details on page 43.
Load Tables on page 33-34.
Butted System
A single-span system for single span or light loading situations. Can be
used within the depth of the supporting section. Maximum span 9m.
Details on page 43.

Complete
Building Envelope
Solutions
22/7/10
09:10
Page 7
Zed Sleeved-Purlin Systems

Double-Span Purlin
Connection
Single/Double Span Lengths
Refer to page 5 for overview of system and sleeve requirements. This
system may be used with restraining or non-restraining cladding, and
may also be used to support tiled roof systems. The system may
require to be used in conjunction with sag-systems as identified for
various conditions on page 8. Consideration should be given to
handling and erection sequence when utilising the double-span
system.
Purlin Sleeve Detail
Purlin Butt Joint
Overview
22/7/10
09:10
Page 8
Zed Heavy End-Bay System
Zed Purlin
Systems
This system is similar to the normal sleeved system as indicated on

page 6, except that by utilising a sleeve at all supports it is possible
to make more use of the continuity available with longer buildings.
Use of a heavy section for end bays and for all sleeves and a lighter
purlin section at all internal bays allows a semi-continuous beam to
be utilised with great structural economy. Care should be taken to
clearly identify an erection drawings and to part mark the end-bay
purlins so that wrongful placement of sections is avoided on site
Zed Butted System

This system is useful for single-span conditions, either
over-supports or flush with supports. The system is also economical
for small bays or light loadings, where sleeves are not necessary.
Rafter
Purlin Cleat
Complete
Building Envelope
Solutions
22/7/10
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Page 9
Zed Purlin Sag-System Requirments
The Sag-system required for any given case will depend on the loadings,
bay span, cladding type and roof pitch. It should be regarded as either:
Some claddings, such as fibre cement panels, are fixed by hook bolts.
These claddings offer a reduced degree of restraint to the purlin and the
limitations given in this section should be observed as to this application.
Allowable wind uplift values are reduced, and these sections should be
designed using the design disc.
1)
2)
3)
4)
The table below gives requirements for various conditions. It is suggested

that the normal sag-systems be used in most circumstances. However,
within the limits of this table the minimum sag-systems shown may be
adapted, provided that load capacitites are adequate.
Requirements for Restraining and

Non-Restraining Cladding
Restraining type metal cladding

Non-restraining type metal cladding
Hook bolt fixed cladding
Tiled toofs
The designer must determine the category of the roof cladding.
See the Tiled Roof Section for sag-system requirements for tiled roofs.
Lateral restraint is usually provided to the purlin where normal trapezoidal

cladding is through-fixed to the purlins and where the sheets are fixed
together by side lap stitching. Standing seam roofs and some forms of
secret fix panels have fixings which allow relative movement between the
purlin and the cladding. These panels should not be regarded as
providing restraint to the purlins unless used in conjunction with a suitable
liner panel. A suitable liner panel is required to carry compressive restraint
force and it should also be side lap stitched to form a diaphragm.
Requirements for Various Roof Types

Minimum Sag-System
Normal Sag-System
Cladding System
Roof
Slope
4.6m
Bay
< 3
Metal
Cladding
(Restraining Type)
Metal
Cladding
(Non-Restraining
Type)
3 - 25
1 row angle
braces
0 rows
1 row
bars
> 7.6-10m
Bay
4.6m
Bay
2 rows angle
braces
0 row
> 4.6-7.6m
Bay
> 7.6-10m
Bay
1 row angle
braces
2 rows
bars
0 rows
1 row
bars
> 25 - 35
1 row angle braces

+ diagonals
2 rows angle braces

+ diagonals
1 row angle braces

+ diagonals
2 rows angle
braces
+ diagonals
< 3
1 row
angle
braces
2 rows
angle
braces
1 row
angle
braces
2 rows
angle
braces
1 row angle
braces
+ diagonals
2 rows angle braces

+ diagonals
1 row angle
braces
+ diagonals
2 rows angle
braces
+ diagonals
3 - 25
> 25 - 35
< 3
Hook-Bolt
Fixed Sheeting
> 4.6-7.6m
Bay
Not Recommended
Not Recommended
3 - 25
1 row bars
2 row bars
1 row bars
2 row bars
> 25 - 35
1 row angle
braces
+ diagonals
2 rows angle braces

+ diagonals
1 row angle
braces
+ diagonals
2 rows angle
braces
+ diagonals
22/7/10
09:10
Page 10
Roof Sag Bar System
Use Cranked Aped

Strut if slope length
exceeds 18m
Push-Fit
Sag Bar
Sag Bar & Brace

Systems
Push-fit sag bars up to 2.0m purlin centres

refer to AGB if centres 2.0m
Roof Angle Brace System

Cranked Apex Strut
Angle Brace
Note that where 0 rows of sag bars are used, within the limits of this
brochure, it may be necessary to use temporary bracing to avoid twisting
of zed purlins during installation. In this case it is also recommended that
eaves braces are fitted (see Eaves Beam section on next page) and that
a ridge bar or cranked strut is fitted, as above.
Single Row
1/2 Span
Where sag bars or angle braces are used they should be positioned at
mid-span for a single row and at span for a double row, for optimum
resistance to wind uplift, i.e.
Double Row
1/2 Span

3/8 Span
1/4
Span
3/8 Span
Complete
Building Envelope
Solutions
22/7/10
09:10
Page 11
Eaves Beam Sections

0 to 15
It is recommended that at least one row of eaves braces should be

adopted, even where no sag bars of eaves braces should not be less the
number of rows of sag bars for the normal system for purlins, as in the
table on page 8, or as selected by the designer:
Depth
Four depths of eaves beam are available ie, 140mm, 170mm, 200mm,
240mm, and these are available in two thicknesses. Eaves beams may
be supplied as single spanning, for bay lengths up to 10m or double
spanning for bay lengths up to 7.5m.
The designer should note that the eaves braces perform the following
functions:
1) Reduce the horizontal design span.
2) Assist with dispersing horizontal wind loads into the roof
diaphragm.
3) Reduce any twisting due to eaves gutters and with erection
of roof cladding.
Countersunk bolts with counterformed holes as shown

or alternatively use thin headed bolts.
Removal of eaves braces should only be carried out if the roof designer
is confident that the above points have been fully considered.
The eaves beam design tables and design disc are based on the
assumption that the top flange is fully restrained by the roof cladding and
care is required where there is not the case, for example where standing
seam or clip-fixed cladding are used without a suitably stiff inner panel.
Eaves beams may be optionally used with counterformed holes and
countersunk bolts, with either countersunk holes or spacer plates as
indicated below. Alternatively the use of thin-head bolts may be used in
conjunction with normal 18mm holes.
Normal
Sag Bar
Eaves Brace
Eaves beam in conjunction with sag bars for slope length up to 18m.
Adjustable
Sag Bar
Eaves Brace
Designation Thickness
(mm)
E20020
2.0
E20025
2.5
E24025
2.5
E24030
3.0
Depth
(mm)
A
(mm)
B
(mm)
200
118
70
240
158
73
Eaves beam in conjunction with sag bars for slope length greater than
18m.
Note: Use section properties as per the equivalent cee-section
Purlin Brace
Eaves Brace
Eaves beam in conjunction with purlin braces.
10
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09:10
Page 12
Eaves Beam Sections
6mm thick plate

with 36mm
diameter holes
Steel spacer plate

(6mm thick, 36
diameter holes)
Outstand head detail with counterformed holes and countersunk plate
Eaves Beam
Sections
from table
on page 10
Outstand head detail with counterformed holes and 6mm spacer plate
10mm thick
plate with
countersunk holes
Countersunk
hole detail
Flush head detail with thin-headed bolts

Complete
Building Envelope
Solutions
11
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09:10
Page 13
Zed & Cee Section Sheeting Rails

Sheeting rails may be selected as either Zed Profile or Cee Profile
sections from a range of the same depths and thickness. This
interchangeability is useful in that, where as the main rails will in most
cases be Zed Sections, these can be changed to Cees at windows, door
framing and at composite cladding joints, etc.
Two types of section can be freely mixed, though it is not possible to
locate sleeves on the junction between Zeds and Cees therefore each
system must be regarded as separate between such junctions (for load
evaluation purposes).
Butted System
A single span system for single bay or light wind load situations. Can be
fitted within the de[th of supporting sections. Maximum span is 10
metres.
Details on page 44-45.
Three basic systems are given in this brochure: the Sleeved System, the
Butted System and the Double Span System. In Principal a Heavy EndBay System could be used though in practice this will be hampered by
interaction with door standards, etc. The design disc provides a method
of load assessment if this system is required for any particular application.
Sleeved System
A system of single bay length sections with sleeves at penultimate
supports and at alterantive internal supports. Minimum number of spans
is 2 and the maximum span is 10 metres.
Double Span Brick Restraint System

A relatively stiff system primarily intended for use at brickwork restraints.
Minimum number of spans is 2 and maximum length of section is 15
metres. A sleeve is required at a penultimate support in odd bay
situations but section thickness may require to increase to compensate
for the reduced stiffness for this triple span case.
Load Tables on page 41.
12
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09:10
Page 14
Sleeved Rail System
Rail Systems
Typical connections are illustrated below for sleeved joints for both the Zed and Cee
Sections. Note that the sleeves for the Zed system are the same thickness as the
section but the sleeve for the Cee Section is provided in one thickness for the range.
See table below.
Zed Sections
Cee Sections
View on Arrow A
View on Arrow B
Sleeve
Sleeve
Rail
Rail
Section at Sleeved
Cee Section Rail
Cleat
Rail Depth
Dimension A
Dimension B
Dimension C
Dimension D
Thickness for
Cee Sleeve
140
148
147
146
60
2.0
170
178
177
177
60
2.5
200
208
207
207
70
2.5
240
248
247
248
70
3.0

Complete
Building Envelope
Solutions
13
22/7/10
09:10
Page 15
Butted & Double-Span Rail System

The connections for these two systems are identical except that the
Butted System has a butted connection at every frame and the
double-span system has a butt joint at alternative connections and
is continuous over the intermediate supports.
Rail Depth
Dimension A
Dimension B
140
148
147
170
178
177
200
208
207
240
248
247
Typical Brick Restraint Detials
Steel Tie Fixing
Steel Strap Fixing

Proprietary steel straps
fixed to engineers
requirements
Steel straps and ties to
engineers requirements
14
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09:10
Page 16
Sheeting Rail Sag-System Requirements

The number of rows of sag members is taken from the table below for
restraining-type metal cladding and fibre-cement cladding. The table
provides limiting dimensions for a number of practical situations. The
usual system of rail restraints comprises the use of 45 x 45 x 2 angle
section rail struts, with diagonal ties, as indicated on the next page.
sag-system should be adopted. However, the less limiting minimum

sag-system spans can be adopted providing the load carrying capacity
is acceptable as defined in the load table section and provided the
cladding weight is adequately resisted by the eaves beam or at the base
of the wall.
An alternative, economic, sag-system is provided in the form of 12mm dia

galvanised threaded rods which may be used, for zeds only, in certain
circumstances. In this case the eaves beam and tie rod anchorage must
be sufficiently strong to carry the wall cladding weight, or the weight may
be carried at the base of the wall, and the rails must be turned so that the
inner flange points downwards.
Note that where diagonal ties are utilised or where heavy cladding is used
then the designer should ensure that the cleats have adequate bending
resistance or should alternatively adopt heavy-duty cleats at these
positions.
In the case of restraining-type cladding a flexible arrangement of options

has been provided. For common use the limits given for the normal
Limiting Dimensions for Walls

Case
N/A
6.3m
10.0m
Maximum span* for

Minimum Sag-System
6.3m
7.6m
10.0m
Maximum panel height

/set of diagonal braces
N/A
10.0m
10.0m
Maximum span
N/A
5.1m
7.6m
Maximum panel height

/set of diagonal braces
N/A
7.0m
7.0m
Maximum span for

Normal Sag-System
Restraining type
metal cladding
Fibre cement
cladding
Number of rows of
Sag members
Additional Notes
In this case of multiple rows of rails the maximum number of rails per set
of diagonals should be limited to 8.
Where 0 rows of sag members are used then rails should be temporarily
propped until clad over, to eliminate sag.
For double row sag systems in walls the sag members are placed at 1/3
span (unlike the roof) for a pleasing appearance.
Rail Systems
Cladding
Type
* Reduced Load capacity may apply to these cases, refer to load tables for limitiations
15
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09:10
Page 17
Sheeting Rail Sag-System Requirements

Double Row Strut System
Single Row Strut System
Span
1/3 Span
Eaves Beam
Top Rail
Rail Struts
25 Min.
1/3 Span
1/3 Span
Diagonal
Tie
25 Min.
Double Row Tie System

Span
Single Row Tie System
1/3 Span
1/3 Span
Threaded Tie Rods
Section A-A (Zed Rails)
16
1/3 Span
Section A-A (Cee Rails)
Section B-B
22/7/10
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Page 18
Horizontal Wall Cladding Requirements

Horizontal cladding is a common construction which can be
accommondated in a number of ways as illustrated below. In all cases
the eaves members should be checked for horizontal wind loading, in
addition to any vertical loading.
Case One
Case 1: Eaves Beam designed to carry wall

cladding weight
Eaves Beam
Zed or Cee
vertical rails
The number and positions of vertical rails will depend on cladding

requirements. Horizontal rails should generally be selected as normal,
but load capacity should be reduced when the spacing between vertical
posts exceeds 2 metres.
Zed or Cee rails
Case Two
Rails should be selected as for case one. The number of sets of braces
should be given in the table on page 13. Check the support cleats,
particularly at the diagonal tie positions for their capacity to handle any
wall weights.
Case 2: Eaves Beam not designed to carry wall

cladding weight or where rail is used
at top
Eaves Beam or Top Rail
Zed or Cee
vertical rails
Zed or Cee rails
Case Three
Vertical rails should be selected for a Butted rail system. Use
horizontal struts at the locations as recommended for sag
members. Ensure the top member can carry the horizontal wind
load.
Horizontal
Cladding
25 Min.
Case 3: Vertical posts used

Eaves Beam or Top Rail
Zed or Cee
vertical rails
Rail Struts
Fix to floor or structural member at base

Complete
Building Envelope
Solutions
17
22/7/10
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Page 19
The previous sections gave information on the basic systems for roofs and walls, however, there are many additional uses for cold-rolled Zeds and
Cees. This section, though not exhaustive, provides an indication of how to deal with a number of applications. The engineer is encouraged to discuss
any scheme not provided herein with AGB who will be happy to examine any practical usage of the products contained in this Systems Manual.
Approximate angle of resistance for Zed Purlins

Purlin Depth
0 Degrees
140
170
200
240
16
12
12
10
Monopitch Roof - Design Guide

In a monopitch roof there is no balancing down-slope component as
with a ridged roof and the full down-slope load has to be resisted by the
purlins, cladding, cleats and sag-systems. However with zed purlins
the restraint forces which develop due to the shape of the Zed Section,
act in an up-slope direction, i.e. in opposition to the down-slope load
component so that the roof system need only resist the net effect of
these loads.
Section at Ridge
Angle Brace
Adjustable
Sag Bar
Normal
Sag Bar
18
22/7/10
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Page 20
Plan on Roof with Pitch Less than 0
Angle Brace
Plan on Roof with Pitch Greater than 0 or where

purlins reversals are used
Ridge Purlin
Angle Brace
Ridge Purlin
Diagonal Ties
25 Minimum
Sag Member
Sag Member
Diagonal Ties
25 Min.
Eaves Brace
Eaves Brace
Eaves Brace
Eaves Brace
In effect, with roof pitches less than the approximate (zero degrees) value in the table below there is a net force acting up the slope. For roof slopes
above (zero degrees) the force will act downslope. In reality the angle of resistance depends on a number of factors and the values are given as a
useful guide in deciding whether to apply monopitch bracing acting in one direction or another, or indeed whether any such bracing is required.
Note: Anti-Sag bars (number of rows and type) to be taken from the table on page 8.
Purlin Depth
0 Degrees
140
170
200
240
16
12
12
10
Section at Eaves
Normal Sag Bar
Special
Applications
Approximate angle of resistance for

Zed Purlins
Eaves Brace
Adjustable Sag Bar
Complete
Building Envelope
Solutions
19
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Page 21
Curved Roofs
Curved roofs become flat near the apex and it is recommended that in
the near ridge zone, when the tangent to the roof cladding is less than
3 purlin reversals should be adopted as in the following diagram.
Note: Anti-sag bars (number of rows and type) to be taken from the
table on page 8.
Adjustable
Sag Bar
Apex Strut
Reversed when the

tangent is less than 3
20
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Page 22
Steep Roofs
Where roof slopes are greater than 25 but no greater than 35
the following rules should be applied:
12m maximum
between diagonal ties
1. Use angle braces and cranked apex struts to replace

normal sag bars. (Minimum number of rows provided on
page 8).
2. Use diagonal ties at intervals of no more than 12m.
3. Reduce purlin capacity by including down-slope load
component, as provided in the example below.
Angle
Brace
4. Check purlin cleats for load components, (particularly at

braces).
No. of rows
of struts
1
(mid-span)
2
(3/8 - 1/4 - 3/8
span)
Purlin
System
Butted
Sleeved or
HEB
Butted
Sleeved or
HEB
12m maximum
between diagonal ties
25 Min
Formula for Myy
(W = factored load on
full purlin
L = bay space)
Myy = .030 WL
Myy = .026 WL
Myy = .011 WL
Myy = .014 WL
Eaves Beam
Purlins
For very flat roofs, say below 3, particularly if the span exceeds 6m or if
non restraining cladding is used, then in addition to the Sag-Systems
indicated in this manual the use of purlin reversals is highly
recommended as in the following diagram. This is particularly important

in this case of any long slopes or monopitches. In practical terms there
should be slightly more Zeds pointing up the slope than down slope.
Special
Applications
Low Pitch Roofs
Alternative Purlins Reversed

Complete
Building Envelope
Solutions
21
22/7/10
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Page 23
Specially designed cleat at
anchor point
30 Min
Angle braces at 2.5m

maximum centres
Note that diagonal braces should be

placed at regular positions along the roof,
at centres not exceeding 5.4m for roof
pitches up to 25 and not exceeding 4m for
roof pitches
above 25
1800mm max
centres
Roof with Battens and Counter Battens
Example
Tiled Roofs
Roof pitch 30, restraining-type metal cladding, 6m bay.

Imposed load 0.6 kN/m2, service load 0.05 kN/m2.
Cladding type 0.12kN/m2 (on the slope)
Check 17018 sleeved purlins at 1800 centres on the slope.
From the load table,
An application of increasing popularity is the use of cold rolled purlins to

support tiled roofs. This application is particularly suitable for Zeds which
have principal axes inclined from the web axis and which are a most
suitable section for the steeper roof pitches associated with tiled roofs.
Ultimate capacity = 17.68 kN

From table on page 8, use 1 row sag braces.
Evaluation
Mcy = Zyy x 0.35
= 6.39 x 0.35
= 2.24 kNm (Weak axis moment capacity)
Horizontal purlin space
= 1.8 x cos 30 = 1.559m
Vertical factored load
= ((.05 + 12/ cos 30)
X 1.4 + 0.6 x 1.6) x 6 x 1.559
= 11.45 kN
Load component
In purlin web
= 11.45 x cos 30 = 9.92 kN
Load component
In roof plane
= 11.45 x sin 30 5.73
Bending moment
In roof plane
= 5.73 x 6 x0.26 = 0.893 kNm
Load ratio
= 9.92/17.68 + 0.893/2.24
= 0.96 < 1.0 therefore satisfactory.
Note that this calculation could be done alternatively using the design disk.
22
Two types are popular:
Tiles may be fitted to timber battens nailed to counter battens which

are screw fixed to the top flange of the purlins.
Tiles may be fitted to timber battens fixed to a metal liner tray.
22/7/10
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Page 24
Some special considerations are required when designing a tiled roof:
Typical Apex Section
1. Purlins should be limited to a deflection of span / 300 in the web

plane.
Bolted Connection
Angle Braces
2. Where a building is ridge, when timber counter battens are used

they should be fixed together at the ridge to balance the down-slope
forces as far as possible.
3. Any timer counter battens should be attached to each other with
metal straps to assist in carrying tensile and compressive forces
which may develop in the roof.
Heavy duty ridge channel
4. The Sag-System must be sufficiently robust to handle the

down-slope load component, and the purlins require to be designed
for two-way bending, as in the steep roof section above.
5. Cleats should be checked for ability to handle the
down-slope forces. No load tables are provided by this brochure
and assistance in particular situations can be obtained by discussing
the requirements with AGB.
Some details are provided, for the purpose of general guidance in the
design of these roofs.
Roof with Liner Tray System

Metal Liner Tray
Special
Applications
Specially designed
cleat at anchor point
30 Min
Note that diagonal braces should

beplaced at regular positions along
the roof, at centres not exceeding
5.4m.
1800mm max
centres
Angle braces at 2.5m

maximum centres
Complete
Building Envelope
Solutions
23
22/7/10
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Page 25
Parapet Framing
AGB Steel Products Ltd. Have a wide variety of zeds and cees
which can provide a flexible range of solutions to parapet
framing. The following section gives examples of such usage.
Adjustable sag
bars
Angle braces
between bottom
two purlin rows
Example with Gutter Not Supported

by Head Ties
Double-cee column
head tie with stiff
welded cleat
Double-cee
parapet post
Example with Gutter Supported

by Head Ties
General Notes
Parapet posts from double-cee section bolted together at rail positions
and at centres not exceeding 1000mm.
Adjustable sag bar
Use posts of same depth as rails for flush and convenient connections.
Bolt posts to column via 8mm packer plates. Connection should be
designed to suit height of parapet but height between pairs of bolts should
not be less than 300mm and use backing plates at the flange when bolt
load exceeds 5kN.
Double or single
cee gutter support
beam
24
Welded eaves brace to

provide restraint to gutter
support beam at centres to
suit design conditions
22/7/10
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Page 26
Doors and Windows
Cee Sections are particularly useful in trimming door and window
frames. This section gives examples of such usage as a guide to
designers.
Note that counterformed holes are available as an option, though the
use of timer packets at windows and door frames are recommended in
order to take up tolerance and slight misalignments. In these cases
normal or thin-head bolts may be simpler and more economical.
Note that if cold rolled sections are used as framing for overhead doors,
then:
Cee or
Zed rail
Cee section posts

and header
Cleats bolted to
sub-structure
a) check that eaves beam can carry horizontal wind forces, add eaves
braces as required.
b) check with door supplier that this section can carry forces from the
springs and rollers.
c) use maximum thickness for section depth utilised
(use 200 or 240 depth).
d) if impact damage is likely then add bollards to protect
steelwork and cladding.
Section through Overhead Door
View of Typical Personnel Door Framing
Typical Section through Window
Cee section
Special
Applications
Eaves brace at door

post position, if
required
Window unit
Timber spacers
(optional)

Complete
Building Envelope
Solutions
25
22/7/10
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Page 27
Fire Rated Walls
Fire rating is provided by the wall cladding, which normally acts
independant of the rail system, however the rails are usually required to
have slotted end-holings to allow for the significant thermal expansion
during fire conditions. It is also usual that the eaves beam will require
fire protection, though this may depend on the approving authority.
Use 18 diameter holes in

rail and 18 diameter x 45
slots in cleat
Standard
guage lines
The AGB rail system has been developed to provide a suitable facility
for expansion through slotted holes on the sleeves and cleats. Thus
the system can be used for sleeved and butted rails without restriction,
provided the slotted cleats and sleeves are adopted, as indicated here
and in the detailing section.
Butted Rail Connection at

Firewall
Sleeved Connection at Firewall
Use 18 diameter holes in rail and

18 diameter x 45 slots in cleat
and special sleeve
Standard
guage lines
M16 Bolt
Steel washer
Rail
Combustible
nylon washer
Cleat
(or sleeve)
Steel washer
Enlarged Bolt detail showing Combustible

Plastic Washer
26
22/7/10
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Page 28
Suspended Services & Point Loads
It is a common requirement for services to be suspended directly from
the roofing purlins in many buildings. These loads vary in magnitude
and this section gives guidance as to accommondation of the point
loadings involved. There are three main types of loading application
types as indicated in the illustration below.
The table below gives the maximum single point load value for each
loading application. For use of this table three conditions must be
satisfied: (i) Load centres not less than 300mm; (ii) The purlin must be
selected for a total UDL not less than the sum of the dead load +
imposed load + a service load not less than the UDL value which would
give the smae mid span BM as the point loads on a simple beam of the
dame span; (iii) Roof slope not to exceed 15.
B)Load Suspended from

Bottom Flange
NB: Flange hole must be

drilled on-site
Thickness
Type (A)
Type (B)
Type (C)
1.4 - 1.6
10kg
20kg
30kg
1.8 - 2.0
15kg
30kg
50kg
2.5 - 3.0
20kg
40kg
50kg
A)Load Suspended
from Purlin Lip

C)Load Suspended
from Web Line
Complete
Building Envelope
Solutions
Special
Applications
Maximum Value for Each Point Load
27
22/7/10
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Page 29
Base Angles
Attention should be paid to the following points:
There are a number of benefits in adopting a base angle in preference to

a rail section at the base of the cladding, where practical considerations
allow this approach.
This section outlines the potential benefits, allowing the user to choose
which approach is most suitable for a particular set of circumstances.
1. Foundation edge must be available at the time of fixing the cladding.

2. Steel fixers or main contractors have to agree on who is to supply
and fit the fixings to the foundation edge.
Potential benefits of a base angle approach;
It is not difficult to resolve these items but it is important that all relevant
parties are aware of their responsibilities so that problems are avoided at
an early stage.
1. Reduced cost.
See the detailing section for base angle dimensions available.
2. Full dust resistant seal can be easily achieved between the cladding
and the building sub-structure.
3. Cladding weight is carried directly to the floor edge or perimeter
brickwork therefore a minimal sag-system can be adopted.
Typical Brick Detail Perimeter
Typical Concrete Perimeter
Zed spacer
Proprietory or shot fired

fixings at
300-500 mm centres
2mm thick
galvanised
steel base
angle
Zed spacer
2mm thick galvanised

steel base angle fixed to
floor or brickwork
Floor slab
28
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Page 30
Load Tables
Introduction
This brochure presents load tables for a wide range of design options in
order to give maximum user flexibility. The tables should be read in
conjunction with the systems information as given in this design manual.
When evaluating factored and unfactored loadings the self weight of the
purlin section need not be considered as this effect is included in the
load tables, (except for the deflection controlled values).
In particular, AGB have used a flexible approach for the possible number
of rows of sag members and information on this topic should be obtained
from the relevant section of the manual prior to selection of purlins and
rails.
There are a number of cases where the capacity shown for deflection
limit may exceed the unfactored gravity load capacity. This is due to
the deflection-limited value being based on deflections only, excluding
self weight, so that other limits may be adopted by pro-rata.
Note that if no sag bars are used then temporary bracing may be
required during erection to avoid distortion of purlins and rails.
Generally purlins should be selected on the basis of a gravity load

deflection limit of Span/180 but there may be a number of cases,
including agricultural buildings, where a less critical deflection limit of
Span/150 may be suitable. In this case the purlin should be selected on
the basis of the loads given for the Span/150 limit, for unfactored loads,
and on the basis of the ultimate capacity for factored loadings. It is not
unusual to limit deflections for wind uplift cases but if required the
designer can evaluate the unfactored net wind uplift and limit to the
deflection-limited capacity given in the tables.
Load table are based on calculations to BS 5950: Part 5: 1987 using

tested properties of sleeve connections and as verified by full scale
assembly testing.
The tables are based on the use of restraining-type metal cladding. For
the cases of non-restraining cladding and hook-bolt fixed cladding the
design disk should be used in conjunction with the sag-system as
provided earlier in this manual.
Purlin Load Tables
The load tables apply to roof slopes up to 25, for sleeper slopes the
design disk should be used or consult AGB direct.
Load Tables
Tables provide allowable unfactored gravity loads which are based on

the lesser of the purlin strength or as controlled by a deflection limit of
Span /180. The tables also provide ultimate load capacities for gravity
load, wind uplift and for deflection limits of Span/180 and Span/150.
Wind uplift capacity values are given for three conditions, ie. 0 rows, 1
row and 2 rows of purlin braces, where relevant.
Wind loadings should be evaluated to the relevant load factor (usually

1.4), with the cladding dead load deducted to give the factored net
loading. It may be useful to note that BS5950: Part 5: 1987: Clause
2.2.2 indicates that local wind pressures need not be considered for
purlins and rail design.

Complete
Building Envelope
Solutions
29
22/7/10
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Page 31
Load Tables
Sheeting Rail Load Tables
Eaves Beam Load Tables
Sheeting rail tables assume that cladding dead weight does not cause
bending in the vertical plane. This condition is usually satisfied in practice
if the cladding weight is supported by the eaves beam, at the base of the
panel or if the cladding is fixed with sidelap stitching to form an effective
diaphragm. Should the wall cladding weight exceed 0.25 kN/m or should
be carried by the rails then the design program can be used with this
option selected.
Tables are provided for eaves beams for both single span and double
span conditions. The tables are for restraining type cladding on the roof
and it is assumed the horizontal wind forces are carried by the eaves
beam and braces and hence into the roof diaphragm. The designer
should be satisfied that suitable load paths exist for these forces. It
should be noted that in practice if the wall cladding is fixed near the top
flange of the eaves beam, then the horizontal wind load may be safely
considered to be carried by the fixings directly into the roof diaphragm,
provided restraining type cladding is used.
Care is required when using heavy cladding or very high walls. The sagsystems in this manual should be adopted and a check should be made
on support cleats (particularly those adjacent to diagonal ties).
30
Non-Uniform Spans
Tables have been evaluated with deflections limited to Span/100. As with

purlins the user may pro-rata the defelction controlled values if a lesser,
or more stringent limit is required. Tables allow the use of 0 rows, 1 row
or 2 rows in particular circumstances and the user should refer to page
15 for limitations in this regard.
Where as the most economic design of frames and cold-rolled sections

occurs when all spans are of equal lengths, there are circumstances
where it is not possible to achieve this aim due to practical constraints.
This section gives advice as to working with these non-uniform span
cases.
A specific table of values is given for brickwork restraints, with values

provided for single, two-span and three-span conditions to allow the
designer a wide variety of solutions. Loads are provided based on
capacity and for a deflection limit of Span/300. They are also based on
the assumption that the brick ties provide full restraint to the rails and if
this is not the case advice should be sought from AGB. Use the smaller
value of capacity and deflection limit in design. If an alternative deflection
limit is required this can be selected by pro-rata.
Case 1 Spans not varying by more than 20% of the maximum span.
a) Sleeved or Heavy End-Bay System
In this case select sections and sleeves on the basis that all spans are
assumed to equal the maximum span. In practice it is simpler to use
a sleeved system but the HEB system may be used if desired.
b) Butted System
Select section for each span individually. Note that it is usual to
maintain the same depth of section throughout so that the same cleats
are used, though this is not mandatory.
22/7/10
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Page 32
Load Tables
Mixed Bay Lengths cont.
b)
Case 2 Spans not complying with Case 1, but within specific limits.
This may be used without limitations, as in Case 1.
a) Sleeved or Heavy End Bay System
Case 3 Spans not complying with the limits of Case 1 nor Case 2.
Split the run of sections into a number of spans where the variation in
each set is not more than 20% of the largest span in that set. Choose
section thickness on the basis of the largest span in each set, i.e. treat
each set of spans as a Case 1 situation, see previous page.
In this case either use butted sections throughout the structure or contact
AGB. For specific advice. Where span variations are unavoidable and
the economic advantage of a sleeved or HEB system is required the most
robust structure will result if the larger spans are kept away from the end
bay locations.
Butted System
Load Table for Sleeved Purlins

Ultimate Loads in kN
(purlin SW incl)
Allowable Working Loads for Gravity Case
Section
Allowable Values
Deflection
in kN/m2 for given purlin spaces
Total
Controlled
(with defl = L/180 max,
Load (SW excluded) kN)
purlin SW included)
(kN)
Span/ Span/ 1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
150
180
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
Gravity
Load
Wind Uplift for

Given Number of
Sag Members
0 Rows 1 Row 2 Rows
3.5
Z14016
3.49
13.26
20.85
17.38
3.16
2.71
2.37
2.11
1.89
21.22
21.51
21.51
4.0
Z14016
Z17015
Z17016
3.49
3.63
3.87
11.58
13.05
14.32
15.96
23.65
25.14
13.30
19.70
20.95
2.41
2.72
2.98
2.07
2.33
2.56
1.81
2.04
2.24
1.61
1.81
1.99
1.45
1.63
1.79
18.52
20.87
22.92
17.94
21.07
22.53
18.85
21.22
23.28
4.5
Z14016
Z17015
Z17016
Z17018
3.49
3.63
3.87
4.34
10.26
11.57
12.70
14.86
12.61
18.68
19.86
22.20
10.51
15.57
16.55
18.50
1.90
2.14
2.35
2.75
1.63
1.84
2.02
2.36
1.43
1.61
1.76
2.06
1.27
1.43
1.57
1.83
1.14
1.29
1.41
1.65
16.42
18.51
20.32
23.78
14.65
16.95
18.12
20.33
16.79
18.89
20.73
24.24
5.0
Z14016
Z17015
Z17016
Z17018
3.49
3.63
3.87
4.34
8.34
10.38
11.40
13.34
10.22
15.13
16.09
17.98
8.51
12.61
13.41
14.99
1.39
1.73
1.90
2.22
1.19
1.48
1.63
1.91
1.04
1.30
1.42
1.67
0.93
1.15
1.27
1.48
0.83
1.04
1.14
1.33
14.73
16.61
18.24
21.34
11.73
13.39
14.31
16.05
15.14
17.04
18.69
21.85
5.5
Z14016
Z17015
Z17016
Z17018
Z20016
Z20018
3.49
3.63
3.87
4.34
4.50
5.05
6.85
9.41
10.33
12.09
13.02
15.59
8.44
12.51
13.30
14.86
21.48
24.03
7.04
10.42
11.08
12.39
17.90
20.02
1.04
1.43
1.57
1.83
1.97
2.36
0.89
1.22
1.34
1.57
1.69
2.02
0.78
1.07
1.17
1.37
1.48
1.77
0.69
0.95
1.04
1.22
1.31
1.57
0.62
0.86
0.94
1.10
1.18
1.42
13.35
15.05
16.53
19.35
20.83
24.94
9.32
10.56
11.28
12.66
18.52
20.94
13.80
15.52
17.03
19.91
21.41
25.60
6.0
Z14016
Z17015
Z17016
Z17018
Z20016
Z20018
Z20020
3.49
3.63
3.87
4.34
4.50
5.05
5.59
5.71
8.54
9.08
10.15
11.90
14.25
16.55
7.10
10.51
11.17
12.49
18.05
20.19
22.31
5.91
8.76
9.31
10.41
15.04
16.83
18.59
0.79
1.19
1.26
1.41
1.65
1.98
2.30
0.68
1.02
1.08
1.21
1.42
1.70
1.97
0.59
0.89
0.95
1.06
1.24
1.48
1.72
0.53
0.79
0.84
0.94
1.10
1.32
1.53
0.48
0.71
0.76
0.85
0.99
1.19
1.38
12.19
13.75
15.10
17.68
19.03
22.80
26.47
7.47
8.41
8.99
10.10
15.02
16.98
18.91
12.68
14.26
15.65
17.98
19.67
23.51
27.26

Complete
Building Envelope
Solutions
Load Tables
Span
Wt
(kg/m)
31
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Page 33
Load Table for Sleeved Purlins

(purlin SW incl)
Span
32
Section
Wt
(kg/m)
Allowable Values
Deflection
Total
Controlled
purlin SW included)
(kN)
Span/ Span/ 1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
150
180
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
Gravity
Load
Wind Uplift for

Given Number of
Sag Members
0 Rows 1 Row 2 Rows
6.5
Z17016
Z17018
Z20016
Z20018
Z20020
Z24018
Z24020
Z24025
Z24030
3.87
4.34
4.50
5.05
5.59
5.70
6.31
7.84
9.36
7.69
8.59
10.94
13.11
15.23
15.73
18.45
25.08
31.30
9.52
10.64
15.38
17.20
19.01
27.19
30.06
37.11
43.97
7.93
8.87
12.81
14.34
15.84
22.66
25.05
30.92
36.64
0.99
1.10
1.40
1.68
1.95
2.02
2.37
3.22
4.01
0.84
0.94
1.20
1.44
1.67
1.73
2.03
2.76
3.44
0.74
0.83
1.05
1.26
1.46
1.51
1.77
2.41
3.01
0.66
0.73
0.94
1.12
1.30
1.34
1.58
2.14
2.67
0.59
0.66
0.84
1.01
1.17
1.21
1.42
1.93
2.41
13.89
16.26
17.51
20.98
24.36
25.17
29.52
40.13
50.07
7.27
8.17
12.24
13.84
15.42
18.20
20.32
25.38
29.86
13.84
15.53
18.20
21.75
25.22
26.04
30.49
41.33
49.31
7.0
Z17016
Z17018
Z20016
Z20018
Z20020
Z24018
Z24020
Z24025
Z24030
3.87
4.34
4.50
5.05
5.59
5.70
6.31
7.84
9.36
6.58
7.35
10.13
12.01
13.27
14.56
17.08
23.22
28.98
8.21
9.18
13.26
14.83
16.39
23.45
25.92
32.00
37.91
6.84
7.65
11.05
12.36
13.66
19.54
21.60
26.66
31.59
0.78
0.87
1.21
1.43
1.58
1.73
2.03
2.76
3.45
0.67
0.75
1.03
1.23
1.35
1.49
1.74
2.37
2.96
0.59
0.66
0.90
1.07
1.19
1.30
1.53
2.07
2.59
0.52
0.58
0.80
0.95
1.05
1.16
1.36
1.84
2.30
0.47
0.52
0.72
0.86
0.95
1.04
1.22
1.66
2.07
12.85
15.04
16.20
19.41
22.55
23.30
27.33
37.16
46.37
5.97
6.72
10.07
11.39
12.70
14.99
16.75
20.93
24.65
11.82
13.26
16.94
20.24
23.11
24.24
28.37
37.21
43.83
7.5
Z20016
Z20018
Z20020
Z24018
Z24020
Z24025
Z24030
4.50
5.05
5.59
5.70
6.31
7.84
9.36
9.29
10.40
11.49
13.54
15.89
21.61
26.83
11.55
12.92
14.28
20.42
22.58
27.87
33.03
9.63
10.77
11.90
17.02
18.82
23.23
27.52
1.03
1.16
1.28
1.50
1.77
2.40
2.98
0.89
0.99
1.09
1.29
1.51
2.06
2.56
0.77
0.87
0.96
1.13
1.32
1.80
2.24
0.69
0.77
0.85
1.00
1.18
1.60
1.99
0.62
0.69
0.77
0.90
1.06
1.44
1.79
15.06
18.05
20.97
21.67
25.43
34.58
43.16
8.39
9.49
10.58
12.48
13.95
17.45
20.58
15.85
18.20
20.27
22.67
26.24
32.80
38.60
15.85
18.94
21.96
22.67
26.54
35.96
42.86
8.0
Z20016
Z20018
Z20020
Z24018
Z24020
Z24025
Z24030
4.50
5.05
5.59
5.70
6.31
7.84
9.36
8.11
9.07
10.01
12.65
14.85
19.80
23.46
10.15
11.36
12.55
17.95
19.85
24.50
29.03
8.46
9.46
10.46
14.96
16.54
20.41
24.19
0.84
0.94
1.04
1.32
1.55
2.06
2.44
0.72
0.81
0.89
1.13
1.33
1.77
2.09
0.63
0.71
0.78
0.99
1.16
1.55
1.83
0.56
0.63
0.70
0.88
1.03
1.37
1.63
0.51
0.57
0.63
0.79
0.93
1.24
1.47
14.06
16.86
19.59
20.24
23.75
32.31
40.34
14.00
15.83
17.63
20.54
22.95
28.67
33.74
14.91
17.81
20.64
21.31
24.94
33.45
39.51
8.5
Z20016
Z20018
Z20020
Z24018
Z24020
Z24025
Z24030
4.50
5.05
5.59
5.70
6.31
7.84
9.36
7.12
7.96
8.80
11.86
13.92
17.43
20.65
8.99
10.06
11.12
15.90
17.58
21.70
25.71
7.49
8.38
9.26
13.25
14.65
18.08
21.43
0.70
0.78
0.86
1.16
1.36
1.71
2.02
0.60
0.67
0.74
1.00
1.17
1.46
1.74
0.52
0.59
0.65
0.87
1.02
1.28
1.52
0.47
0.52
0.57
0.77
0.91
1.14
1.35
0.42
0.47
0.52
0.70
0.82
1.03
1.21
13.17
15.8
18.36
18.97
22.27
30.31
37.84
12.13
13.73
15.29
17.88
19.98
24.96
29.40
14.07
16.81
19.19
20.11
23.53
30.84
36.41
9.0
Z24018
Z24020
Z24025
Z24030
5.70
6.31
7.84
9.36
11.15
12.51
15.44
18.29
14.18
15.68
19.36
22.94
11.82
13.07
16.13
19.11
1.03
1.16
1.43
1.69
0.88
0.99
1.29
1.45
0.77
0.87
1.07
1.27
0.69
0.77
0.95
1.13
0.62
0.69
0.86
1.02
17.84
20.95
28.52
35.61
15.57
17.39
21.74
25.63
19.05
22.29
28.39
33.48
9.5
Z24018
Z24020
Z24025
Z24030
5.70
6.31
7.84
9.36
10.08
11.14
13.75
16.28
12.73
14.07
17.37
20.58
10.61
11.73
14.48
17.15
0.88
0.98
1.21
1.43
0.76
0.84
1.03
1.22
0.66
0.73
0.90
1.07
0.59
0.65
0.80
0.95
0.53
0.59
0.72
0.86
16.83
19.76
26.91
33.61
13.59
15.19
19.01
22.44
18.1
20.81
26.04
30.69
10
Z24018
Z24020
Z24025
Z24030
5.70
6.31
7.84
9.36
9.01
9.96
12.30
14.56
11.49
12.70
15.68
18.58
9.57
10.58
13.07
15.48
0.75
0.83
1.02
1.21
0.64
0.71
0.88
1.04
0.56
0.62
0.77
0.91
0.50
0.55
0.68
0.81
0.45
0.50
0.61
0.73
15.91
18.69
25.46
31.81
11.93
13.33
16.70
19.74
17.03
19.04
23.80
28.02
22/7/10
09:11
Page 34
Load Table for Heavy End Bay Systems

Allowable Working Loads
in kN for Gravity Case
Wt
Span Section
(kg/m)
Total
Load
(kN)
(purlin SW incl)
Deflection
Controlled
(SW excluded) kN)
Span /150
Wind Uplift for Given

Number of Anti-Sag Members
Gravity
Load
Span /180
0 Rows
1 Row
2 Rows
End
Bay
Inner
Bay
End
Bay
Inner
Bay
End
Bay
Inner
Bay
End
Bay
Inner
Bay
End
Bay
Inner
Bay
End
Bay
Inner
Bay
End
Bay
Inner
Bay
Z14016 3.49
13.26
17.09
19.62
29.65
16.35
24.71
21.22
27.35
21.51
27.63
21.51
27.63
4.0
Z14016 3.49
Z17015 3.63
Z17016 3.87
11.58
13.05
14.32
14.93
17.05
18.59
15.02
22.25
23.66
22.70
33.63
35.75
12.52
18.55
19.72
18.92
28.02
29.80
18.52
20.87
22.92
23.88
27.29
29.75
17.94
21.07
22.53
23.04
27.44
29.14
18.85
21.22
23.28
24.21
27.63
30.11
4.5
Z14016
Z17015
Z17016
Z17018
3.49
3.63
3.87
4.34
9.74
11.57
12.70
14.86
13.24
15.13
16.50
19.17
11.87
17.58
18.70
20.90
17.94
26.57
28.25
31.58
9.89
14.65
15.58
17.41
14.95
22.14
23.54
26.31
16.42
18.51
20.32
23.78
21.18
24.21
26.39
30.67
14.65
16.95
18.12
20.33
18.81
22.06
23.42
26.10
16.79
18.89
20.73
24.24
21.55
24.59
26.80
31.12
5.0
Z14016
Z17015
Z17016
Z17018
3.49
3.63
3.87
4.34
7.84
10.38
11.40
13.34
11.89
13.59
14.82
17.21
9.62
14.24
15.14
16.93
14.53
21.52
22.88
25.58
8.01
11.87
12.62
14.10
12.11
17.94
19.07
21.31
14.73
16.61
18.24
21.34
19.02
21.74
23.70
27.54
11.73
13.39
14.31
16.05
15.04
17.41
18.48
20.58
15.14
17.04
18.69
21.85
19.43
22.17
24.16
28.05
5.5
Z14016
Z17015
Z17016
Z17018
Z20016
Z20018
3.49
3.63
3.87
4.34
4.50
5.05
6.43
9.41
10.22
11.42
13.02
15.59
9.82
12.32
13.44
15.61
17.24
20.35
7.95
11.77
12.52
13.99
20.21
22.61
12.01
17.79
18.91
21.14
30.55
34.17
6.62
9.81
10.43
11.66
16.85
18.85
10.01
14.82
15.76
17.61
25.46
28.48
13.35
15.05
16.53
19.35
20.83
24.94
17.25
19.72
21.50
24.98
27.59
32.56
9.32
10.56
11.28
12.66
18.52
20.94
11.94
13.71
14.55
16.22
24.35
27.16
13.80
15.52
17.03
19.91
21.41
25.60
17.70
20.19
22.00
25.54
28.17
33.22
6.0
Z14016
Z17015
Z17016
Z17018
Z20016
Z20018
Z20020
3.49
3.63
3.87
4.34
4.50
5.05
5.59
5.36
8.03
8.54
9.54
11.90
14.25
16.55
8.20
11.27
12.29
14.28
15.77
18.62
21.37
6.68
9.89
10.52
11.75
16.99
19.00
21.00
10.09
14.95
15.89
17.76
25.67
28.71
31.73
5.56
8.24
8.76
9.80
14.15
15.84
17.5
8.41
12.46
13.24
14.80
21.39
23.93
26.44
12.19
13.75
15.10
17.68
19.03
22.80
26.47
15.76
18.03
19.66
22.84
25.23
29.78
34.19
7.47
8.41
8.99
10.10
15.02
16.98
18.91
9.55
10.91
11.58
12.92
19.73
22.00
24.24
12.68
14.26
15.65
17.98
19.67
23.51
27.26
16.26
18.54
20.20
23.06
25.86
30.50
34.98
6.5
Z17016
Z17018
Z20016
Z20018
Z20020
Z24018
Z24020
Z24025
Z24030
3.87
4.34
4.50
5.05
5.59
5.70
6.31
7.84
9.36
7.22
8.07
10.94
13.11
14.55
15.73
18.45
25.08
31.30
11.04
12.34
14.52
17.14
19.68
21.04
24.33
32.39
40.41
8.96
10.02
14.47
16.19
17.89
25.59
28.29
34.93
41.38
13.54
15.13
21.87
24.47
27.03
38.67
42.75
52.78
62.54
7.47
8.35
12.06
13.49
14.91
21.33
23.58
29.10
34.49
11.28
12.61
18.23
20.39
22.53
32.23
35.63
43.98
52.11
13.89
16.26
17.51
20.98
24.36
25.17
29.52
40.13
50.07
18.09
21.03
23.23
27.43
31.49
33.67
38.92
51.82
64.66
7.27
8.17
12.24
13.84
15.42
18.20
20.32
25.38
29.86
9.35
10.43
16.06
17.91
19.73
24.10
26.55
32.50
38.24
13.84
15.53
18.20
21.75
25.22
26.04
30.49
41.33
49.31
17.86
19.90
23.92
28.20
32.34
34.54
39.89
53.02
63.27
Load Tables
3.5

Complete
Building Envelope
Solutions
33
22/7/10
09:11
Page 35
Load Table for Heavy End Bay Systems

in kN for Gravity Case
Wt
Span Section
(kg/m)
34
Total
Load
(kN)
(purlin SW incl)
Deflection
Controlled
(SW excluded) kN)
Span /150
Wind Uplift for Given

Number of Anti-Sag Members
Gravity
Load
Span /180
0 Rows
1 Row
2 Rows
End
Bay
Inner
Bay
End
Bay
Inner
Bay
End
Bay
Inner
Bay
End
Bay
Inner
Bay
End
Bay
Inner
Bay
End
Bay
Inner
Bay
End
Bay
Inner
Bay
7.0
Z17016
Z17018
Z20016
Z20018
Z20020
Z24018
Z24020
Z24025
Z24030
3.87
4.34
4.50
5.05
5.59
5.70
6.31
7.84
9.36
6.17
6.90
10.09
11.29
12.47
14.56
17.08
23.22
28.98
9.46
10.58
13.44
15.88
18.23
19.49
22.54
30.01
37.45
7.73
8.64
12.48
13.96
15.43
22.07
24.40
30.11
35.68
11.68
13.05
18.86
21.10
23.31
33.34
36.86
45.51
53.92
6.44
7.20
10.40
11.63
12.85
18.39
20.33
25.10
29.74
9.73
10.87
15.71
17.58
19.42
27.79
30.72
37.92
44.93
12.85
15.04
16.20
19.41
22.55
23.30
27.33
37.16
46.37
16.75
19.47
21.51
25.40
29.16
31.19
36.06
48.02
59.91
5.97
6.72
10.07
11.39
12.70
14.99
16.75
20.93
24.65
7.66
8.56
13.19
14.72
16.23
19.82
21.84
26.77
31.53
11.82
13.26
16.94
20.24
23.11
24.24
28.37
37.21
43.83
15.23
16.97
22.25
26.23
29.61
32.13
37.10
47.71
56.20
7.5
Z20016
Z20018
Z20020
Z24018
Z24020
Z24025
Z24030
4.50
5.05
5.59
5.70
6.31
7.84
9.36
8.73
9.76
10.79
13.54
15.89
21.28
25.21
12.51
14.78
16.51
18.15
20.98
27.94
34.87
10.87
12.16
13.44
19.22
21.25
26.23
31.08
16.43
18.38
20.31
29.05
32.11
39.64
46.97
9.06
10.13
11.20
16.02
17.71
21.86
25.90
13.69
15.31
16.92
24.21
26.76
33.03
39.14
15.06
18.05
20.97
21.67
25.43
34.58
43.16
20.02
23.64
27.14
29.03
33.57
44.71
55.80
8.39
9.49
10.58
12.48
13.95
17.45
20.58
10.96
12.24
13.50
16.48
18.16
22.28
26.28
15.85
18.20
20.27
22.67
26.24
32.8
38.6
20.81
23.56
25.96
30.04
34.29
42.03
49.46
21.96
22.67
26.54
35.96
42.86
28.13
30.04
34.68
46.10
54.95
8.0
Z20016
Z20018
Z20020
Z24018
Z24020
Z24025
Z24030
4.50
5.05
5.59
5.70
6.31
7.84
9.36
7.61
8.51
9.40
12.65
14.85
18.60
22.03
11.68
13.06
14.43
16.96
19.62
26.13
32.62
9.55
10.69
11.81
16.89
18.68
23.06
27.32
14.44
16.15
17.85
25.53
28.22
34.84
41.28
7.96
8.91
9.84
14.08
15.56
19.21
22.77
12.03
13.46
14.87
21.27
23.52
29.03
34.40
14.06
16.86
19.59
20.24
23.75
32.31
40.34
18.71
22.10
25.37
27.14
31.39
14.81
52.18
14.00
15.83
17.63
20.54
22.95
28.67
33.74
18.35
20.47
22.56
27.19
29.97
36.71
43.20
14.91
17.81
20.64
21.31
24.94
33.45
39.51
19.55
23.05
26.43
28.22
32.58
42.85
50.62
8.5
Z20016
Z20018
Z20020
Z24018
Z24020
Z24025
Z24030
4.50
5.05
5.59
5.70
6.31
7.84
9.36
6.68
7.47
8.25
11.86
13.26
16.37
19.39
10.28
11.50
12.71
15.92
18.41
24.53
29.69
8.46
9.47
10.46
14.97
16.55
20.42
24.20
12.79
14.31
15.81
22.61
25.00
30.86
36.57
7.05
7.89
8.72
12.47
13.79
17.02
20.17
10.66
11.92
13.17
18.85
20.83
25.72
30.47
13.17
15.80
18.36
18.97
22.27
30.31
37.84
17.55
20.73
23.81
25.47
29.46
39.25
48.99
12.13
13.73
15.29
17.88
19.98
24.96
29.40
15.89
17.73
19.54
23.64
26.06
31.93
37.60
14.07
16.81
19.19
20.11
23.53
30.84
36.41
18.45
21.74
24.56
26.61
30.72
39.49
46.61
9.0
Z24018
Z24020
Z24025
Z24030
5.70
6.31
7.84
9.36
10.62
11.74
14.49
17.16
14.99
17.34
22.25
26.36
13.35
14.76
18.22
21.59
20.17
22.30
27.53
32.62
11.12
12.30
15.18
17.99
16.81
18.58
22.94
27.18
17.84
20.95
28.52
35.61
23.98
27.74
36.96
46.14
15.57
17.39
21.74
25.63
20.55
22.65
27.78
32.74
19.05
22.29
28.39
33.48
25.19
29.07
36.32
42.83
9.5
Z24018
Z24020
Z24025
Z24030
5.70
6.31
7.84
9.36
9.45
10.45
12.89
15.27
14.15
16.09
19.86
23.52
11.98
13.25
16.35
19.37
18.10
20.02
24.71
29.28
9.98
11.04
13.63
16.14
15.09
16.68
20.59
24.40
16.83
19.76
26.91
33.61
22.64
26.19
34.91
43.59
13.59
15.19
19.01
22.44
17.91
19.75
24.24
28.61
18.10
20.81
26.04
30.69
23.92
27.12
33.29
39.23
10
Z24018
Z24020
Z24025
Z24030
5.70
6.31
7.84
9.36
8.45
9.34
11.53
13.65
13.06
14.43
17.81
21.10
10.81
11.95
14.76
17.48
16.34
18.06
22.30
26.42
9.01
9.96
12.30
14.57
13.62
15.05
18.58
22.02
15.91
18.69
25.46
31.81
21.43
24.80
33.06
41.28
11.93
13.33
16.70
19.74
15.69
17.30
21.26
25.13
17.03
19.04
23.80
28.02
22.48
24.79
30.40
25.79
22/7/10
09:11
Page 36
Load Table for Butted Purlins

(purlin SW incl)
Span
Section
Wt
(kg/m)
Allowable Values
Deflection
Total
Controlled
purlin SW included)
(kN)
Span/ Span/ 1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
150
180
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
Gravity
Load
Wind Uplift for

Given Number of
Sag Members
0 Rows 1 Row 2 Rows
Z14016
3.49
9.55
12.29
10.24
2.27
1.95
1.70
1.52
1.36
15.28
15.56
15.56
4.0
Z14016
Z17015
Z17016
3.49
3.63
3.87
7.70
9.52
10.38
9.41
13.93
14.82
7.84
11.61
12.35
1.60
1.98
2.16
1.38
1.70
1.85
1.20
1.49
1.62
1.07
1.32
1.44
0.96
1.19
1.30
13.32
15.23
16.61
12.99
15.46
16.42
13.65
15.57
16.97
4.5
Z14016
Z17015
Z17016
Z17018
Z17020
3.49
3.63
3.87
4.34
4.81
6.04
8.43
9.19
10.68
11.82
7.43
11.01
11.71
13.08
14.44
6.19
9.18
9.76
10.90
12.04
1.12
1.56
1.70
1.98
2.19
0.96
1.34
1.46
1.70
1.88
0.84
1.17
1.28
1.48
1.64
0.75
1.04
1.14
1.32
1.46
0.67
0.94
1.02
1.19
1.31
11.80
13.49
14.71
17.1
19.46
10.63
12.45
13.22
14.73
16.22
12.17
13.88
15.12
17.56
19.97
5.0
Z14016
Z17015
Z17016
Z17018
Z20016
Z20018
Z20020
3.49
3.63
3.87
4.34
4.50
5.05
5.59
4.85
7.25
7.71
8.62
10.58
12.50
14.35
6.02
8.92
9.48
10.6
15.32
17.13
18.93
5.02
7.43
7.90
8.83
12.76
14.28
15.78
0.81
1.21
1.29
1.44
1.76
2.08
2.39
0.69
1.04
1.10
1.23
1.51
1.79
2.05
0.61
0.91
0.96
1.08
1.32
1.56
1.79
0.54
0.81
0.86
0.96
1.18
1.39
1.59
0.48
0.73
0.77
0.86
1.06
1.25
1.43
10.57
12.09
13.19
15.33
16.94
20.00
22.96
8.52
9.85
10.45
11.65
16.86
18.82
20.73
10.98
12.52
13.64
15.84
17.46
20.59
23.61
5.5
Z17016
Z17018
Z20016
Z20018
Z20020
Z24018
Z24020
3.87
4.34
4.50
5.05
5.59
5.70
6.31
6.32
7.06
9.59
11.32
12.74
13.90
16.07
7.84
8.76
12.66
14.16
15.65
22.38
24.74
6.53
7.30
10.55
11.80
13.04
18.65
20.62
0.96
1.07
1.45
1.72
1.93
2.11
2.44
0.82
0.92
1.24
1.47
1.65
1.81
2.09
0.72
0.80
1.09
1.29
1.45
1.58
1.83
0.64
0.71
0.97
1.14
1.29
1.40
1.62
0.57
0.64
0.87
1.03
1.16
1.26
1.46
11.94
13.88
15.34
18.11
20.80
22.24
25.72
8.26
9.21
13.78
15.36
16.92
20.48
22.57
12.44
14.44
15.92
18.77
21.52
22.98
26.53
6.0
Z17016
Z17018
Z20016
Z20018
Z20020
Z24018
Z24020
Z24025
3.87
4.34
4.50
5.05
5.59
5.70
6.31
7.84
5.26
5.88
8.60
9.62
10.63
12.70
14.68
19.56
6.58
7.36
10.64
11.90
13.15
18.81
20.79
25.67
5.49
6.13
8.86
9.92
10.96
15.67
17.33
21.39
0.73
0.82
1.19
1.34
1.48
1.76
2.04
2.72
0.63
0.70
1.02
1.15
1.27
1.51
1.75
2.33
0.55
0.61
0.90
1.00
1.11
1.32
1.53
2.04
0.49
0.54
0.80
0.89
0.98
1.18
1.36
1.81
0.44
0.49
0.72
0.80
0.89
1.06
1.22
1.63
10.89
12.67
14.00
16.54
18.99
20.31
23.49
31.29
6.60
7.36
11.19
12.48
13.75
16.72
18.42
22.54
11.44
13.06
14.63
17.25
19.78
21.12
24.38
32.40
Load Tables
3.5

Complete
Building Envelope
Solutions
35
22/7/10
09:11
Page 37
Load Table for Butted Purlins

(purlin SW incl)
Span
36
Section
Wt
(kg/m)
Allowable Values
Deflection
Total
Controlled
purlin SW included)
(kN)
Span/ Span/ 1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
150
180
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
Gravity
Load
Wind Uplift for

Given Number of
Sag Members
0 Rows 1 Row 2 Rows
6.5
Z20016
Z20018
Z20020
Z24018
Z24020
Z24025
Z24030
4.50
5.05
5.59
5.70
6.31
7.84
9.36
7.27
8.13
8.98
11.67
13.50
17.72
21.00
9.06
10.14
11.20
16.02
17.72
21.87
25.91
7.55
8.45
9.33
13.35
14.76
18.22
21.59
0.93
1.04
1.15
1.50
1.73
2.27
2.69
0.80
0.89
0.99
1.28
1.48
1.95
2.31
0.70
0.78
0.86
1.12
1.30
1.70
2.02
0.62
0.69
0.77
1.00
1.15
1.51
1.79
0.56
0.63
0.69
0.90
1.04
1.36
1.62
12.86
15.20
17.45
18.68
21.60
28.78
35.93
9.14
10.19
11.23
13.69
15.08
18.46
21.73
13.55
15.97
18.31
19.55
22.57
29.98
35.78
7.0
Z20016
Z20018
Z20020
Z24018
Z24020
Z24025
Z24030
4.50
5.05
5.59
5.70
6.31
7.84
9.36
6.20
6.94
7.66
10.79
12.30
15.17
17.98
7.81
8.74
9.66
13.82
15.28
18.86
22.34
6.51
7.28
8.05
11.51
12.73
15.71
18.62
0.74
0.83
0.91
1.28
1.46
1.81
2.14
0.63
0.71
0.78
1.10
1.25
1.55
1.83
0.55
0.62
0.68
0.96
1.10
1.35
1.61
0.49
0.55
0.61
0.86
0.98
1.20
1.43
0.44
0.50
0.55
0.77
0.88
1.08
1.28
11.88
14.05
16.13
17.27
19.97
26.62
33.24
7.54
8.41
9.28
11.30
12.45
15.26
17.98
12.63
14.88
16.79
18.21
21.01
27.02
31.83
7.5
Z24018
Z24020
Z24025
Z24030
5.70
6.31
7.84
9.36
9.61
10.62
13.11
15.53
12.04
13.31
16.43
19.46
10.03
11.09
13.69
16.22
1.07
1.18
1.46
1.73
0.92
1.01
1.25
1.48
0.80
0.89
1.09
1.29
0.71
0.79
0.97
1.15
0.64
0.71
0.87
1.04
16.04
18.56
24.74
30.90
9.43
10.40
12.76
15.05
17.05
19.45
23.84
28.07
19.67
26.13
31.14
8.0
Z24018
Z24020
Z24025
Z24030
5.70
6.31
7.84
9.36
8.37
9.25
11.41
13.52
10.58
11.70
14.44
17.11
8.82
9.75
12.03
14.26
0.87
0.96
1.19
1.41
0.75
0.83
1.02
1.21
0.65
0.72
0.89
1.06
0.58
0.64
0.79
0.94
0.52
0.58
0.71
0.85
14.96
17.31
23.09
28.84
15.46
17.04
20.88
24.57
16.03
18.50
24.33
28.74
8.5
Z24018
Z24020
Z24025
Z24030
5.70
6.31
7.84
9.36
7.33
8.11
10.00
11.85
9.37
10.36
12.79
15.15
7.81
8.63
10.66
12.63
0.72
0.79
0.98
1.16
0.62
0.68
0.84
1.00
0.54
0.60
0.74
0.87
0.48
0.53
0.65
0.77
0.43
0.48
0.59
0.70
14.01
16.21
21.63
27.02
13.48
14.86
18.21
21.45
15.15
17.48
22.45
26.51
9.0
Z24020
Z24025
Z24030
6.31
7.84
9.36
7.14
8.81
10.44
9.24
11.41
13.52
7.70
9.51
11.26
0.66
0.82
0.97
0.57
0.70
0.83
0.50
0.61
0.72
0.44
0.54
0.64
0.40
0.49
0.58
15.23
20.32
25.39
12.96
15.90
18.74
16.56
20.69
24.41
22/7/10
09:11
Page 38
Load Table for Sleeved Sheeting Rail

(Total UDL in kN)
Section
Wt (kg/m)
Wind
Pressure
Wind Suction
0 Rows
1 Row
2 Rows
Deflection
Controlled
Span/100
3.5
Z14014
Z14015
Z14016
3.07
3.28
3.49
12.80
14.06
15.28
12.80
14.06
15.28
12.80
14.06
15.28
27.61
29.47
31.33
4.0
Z14014
Z14015
Z14016
Z17015
3.07
3.28
3.49
3.63
11.20
12.31
13.37
15.05
11.20
11.97
12.72
14.95
11.20
12.31
13.37
15.05
21.14
22.57
23.98
35.52
4.5
Z14014
Z14015
Z14016
Z17015
3.07
3.28
3.49
3.63
9.96
10.94
11.88
13.38
9.15
9.76
10.36
11.99
9.96
10.94
11.88
13.38
16.70
17.83
18.95
28.07
5.0
Z14014
Z14015
Z14016
Z17015
Z17016
Z17018
3.07
3.28
3.49
3.63
3.87
4.34
8.96
9.84
10.69
12.04
13.22
15.46
7.29
7.77
8.25
9.43
10.08
11.31
8.96
9.84
10.69
12.04
13.22
15.46
13.53
14.44
15.35
22.73
24.17
27.02
5.5
Z14014
Z14015
Z14016
Z17015
Z17016
Z17018
Z20016
3.07
3.28
3.49
3.63
3.87
4.34
4.50
8.15
8.95
9.72
10.95
12.02
14.05
15.12
5.76
6.15
6.53
7.40
7.91
8.88
13.05
8.15
8.95
9.72
10.95
12.02
14.05
15.12
11.18
11.94
12.69
18.79
19.98
22.33
32.27
6.0
Z14015
Z14016
Z17015
Z17016
Z17018
Z20016
Z20018
Z20020
3.28
3.49
3.63
3.87
4.34
4.50
5.05
5.59
8.20
8.91
10.04
11.01
12.88
13.86
16.58
19.24
4.88
5.19
5.86
6.26
7.03
10.54
11.92
13.27
8.20
8.91
10.04
11.01
12.66
13.86
16.58
19.24
10.03
10.66
15.79
16.79
18.76
27.11
30.33
33.51
6.5
Z14015
Z14016
Z17015
Z17016
Z17018
Z20016
Z20018
Z20020
3.28
3.49
3.63
3.87
4.34
4.50
5.05
5.59
7.57
8.23
9.26
10.17
11.89
12.79
15.31
17.76
7.40
7.85
9.08
9.71
10.90
12.79
15.31
17.76
7.56
8.03
9.26
10.15
11.41
12.79
15.31
17.76
8.55
9.08
13.45
14.30
15.99
23.10
25.85
28.56

Complete
Building Envelope
Solutions
Load Tables
Span
37
22/7/10
09:11
Page 39
Load Table for Sleeved Sheeting Rail

(Total UDL in kN)
Span
Section
Wt (kg/m)
Wind
Pressure
38
Wind Suction
0 Rows
1 Row
2 Rows
Deflection
Controlled
Span/100
7.0
Z17016
Z17018
Z20016
Z20018
Z20020
Z24018
3.87
4.34
4.50
5.05
5.59
5.70
9.44
11.04
11.88
14.21
16.49
17.03
8.25
9.26
11.88
14.21
16.23
17.03
9.01
10.12
11.88
14.21
16.49
17.03
12.33
13.78
19.92
22.29
24.62
35.22
7.5
Z17016
Z17018
Z20016
Z20018
Z20020
Z24018
3.87
4.34
4.50
5.05
5.59
5.70
8.81
10.31
11.09
13.26
15.39
15.90
6.97
7.82
11.09
12.73
14.18
15.90
7.93
8.90
11.09
13.26
14.95
15.90
10.74
12.01
17.35
19.41
21.45
30.68
8.0
Z20016
Z20018
Z20020
Z24018
Z24020
Z24025
4.50
5.05
5.59
5.70
6.31
7.84
10.40
12.44
14.43
14.90
17.46
23.69
10.40
12.06
13.45
14.90
17.38
21.76
15.25
17.06
18.85
26.97
29.81
36.80
8.5
Z20016
Z20018
Z20020
Z24018
Z24020
Z24025
4.50
5.05
5.59
5.70
6.31
7.84
9.78
11.70
13.58
14.03
16.43
22.3
9.53
10.78
12.02
13.96
15.61
19.52
13.51
15.11
16.70
23.89
26.41
32.60
9.0
Z20016
Z20018
Z20020
Z24018
Z24020
Z24025
Z24030
4.50
5.05
5.59
5.70
6.31
7.84
9.36
9.24
11.05
12.83
13.25
15.52
21.06
26.26
8.47
9.58
10.67
12.46
13.93
17.41
20.47
12.05
13.48
14.90
21.31
23.56
29.00
34.46
9.5
Z20020
Z24018
Z24020
Z24025
Z24030
5.59
5.70
6.31
7.84
9.36
12.15
12.55
14.70
19.95
24.88
9.43
11.07
12.37
15.45
18.16
13.37
19.12
21.14
26.10
30.93
10
Z24018
Z24020
Z24025
Z24030
5.70
6.31
7.84
9.36
11.92
13.97
18.96
23.64
9.81
10.96
13.68
16.08
17.26
19.08
23.55
27.91
22/7/10
09:11
Page 40
Load Table for Butted Sheeting Rail

(Total UDL in kN)
Span
Section
Wt (kg/m)
Wind
Pressure
Wind Suction
0 Rows
1 Row
2 Rows
Deflection
Controlled
Span/100
Z14016
3.49
11.03
11.03
11.03
18.44
4.0
Z14016
Z17015
3.49
3.63
9.65
11.02
9.18
10.94
9.65
11.02
14.12
20.91
4.5
Z14016
Z17015
3.49
3.63
8.58
9.80
7.48
8.78
8.58
9.80
11.16
16.52
5.0
Z14016
Z17015
Z17016
Z17018
Z20016
3.49
3.63
3.87
4.34
4.50
7.72
8.82
9.61
11.16
12.32
5.96
6.91
7.33
8.17
11.89
7.72
8.82
9.61
11.16
12.32
9.04
13.38
14.23
15.91
22.99
5.5
Z14016
Z17015
Z17016
Z17018
Z20016
Z20018
Z20020
3.49
3.63
3.87
4.34
4.50
5.05
5.59
7.02
8.02
8.74
10.15
11.20
13.21
15.16
4.71
5.42
5.75
6.41
9.67
10.78
11.87
7.02
8.02
8.74
10.15
11.20
13.21
15.16
7.47
11.06
11.76
13.15
19.00
21.25
23.48
6.0
Z17016
Z17018
Z20016
Z20018
Z20020
Z24018
Z24020
3.87
4.34
4.50
5.05
5.59
5.70
6.31
8.01
9.30
10.26
12.11
13.89
14.85
17.15
4.55
5.08
7.80
8.70
9.59
11.70
12.89
8.01
9.14
10.26
12.11
13.89
14.85
17.15
9.88
11.05
15.96
17.86
19.73
28.22
31.20
6.5
Z17016
Z17018
Z20016
Z20018
Z20020
Z24018
Z24020
3.87
4.34
4.50
5.05
5.59
5.70
6.31
7.39
8.59
9.47
11.18
12.82
13.70
15.83
7.06
7.87
9.47
11.18
12.82
13.70
15.83
7.38
8.24
9.47
11.18
12.82
13.70
15.83
8.42
9.41
13.60
15.22
16.81
24.05
26.59
Load Tables
3.5

Complete
Building Envelope
Solutions
39
22/7/10
09:11
Page 41
Load Table for Butted Sheeting Rail

(Total UDL in kN)
Span
Section
Wt (kg/m)
Wind
Pressure
40
Wind Suction
0 Rows
1 Row
2 Rows
Deflection
Controlled
Span/100
7.0
Z17016
Z17018
Z20016
Z20018
Z20020
Z24018
Z24020
Z24025
3.87
4.34
4.50
5.05
5.59
5.70
6.31
7.84
6.86
7.97
8.80
10.38
11.91
12.72
14.70
19.56
6.00
6.69
8.80
10.38
11.72
12.72
14.70
18.91
6.55
7.31
8.80
10.38
11.91
12.72
14.70
19.22
7.26
8.12
11.73
13.12
14.50
20.74
22.93
28.30
7.5
Z17016
Z17018
Z20016
Z20018
Z20020
Z24018
Z24020
Z24025
3.87
4.34
4.50
5.05
5.59
5.70
6.31
7.84
6.32
7.07
8.21
9.69
11.11
11.88
13.72
18.25
5.07
5.65
8.21
9.30
10.24
11.88
13.56
16.62
5.77
6.43
8.21
9.69
10.79
11.88
13.72
17.41
6.32
7.07
10.22
11.43
12.63
18.06
19.97
24.65
8.0
Z20016
Z20018
Z20020
Z24018
Z24020
Z24025
Z24030
4.50
5.05
5.59
5.70
6.31
7.84
9.36
7.70
9.08
10.42
11.13
12.86
17.11
21.34
7.70
8.81
9.71
11.13
12.80
15.71
18.52
8.98
10.04
11.10
15.88
17.55
21.67
25.67
8.5
Z20016
Z20018
Z20020
Z24018
Z24020
Z24025
Z24030
4.50
5.05
5.59
5.70
6.31
7.84
9.36
7.25
8.55
9.81
10.48
12.11
16.10
20.08
7.06
7.87
8.68
10.43
11.50
14.10
16.59
7.95
8.90
9.83
14.06
15.55
19.19
22.74
9.0
Z24018
Z24020
Z24025
Z24030
5.70
6.31
7.84
9.36
9.90
11.43
15.21
18.97
9.31
10.26
12.57
14.78
12.54
13.87
17.12
20.29
9.0
Z24018
Z24020
Z24025
Z24030
5.70
6.31
7.84
9.36
9.38
10.83
14.41
17.97
8.27
9.11
11.16
13.12
11.26
12.45
15.36
18.21
10
Z24018
Z24020
Z24025
Z24030
5.70
6.31
7.84
9.36
8.91
10.29
13.69
16.43
7.33
8.07
9.88
11.61
10.16
11.23
13.87
16.43
22/7/10
09:11
Page 42
Zed or Cee Section Brick Restraint

Load Table
Allowable Working Loads in kN
Section
Wt (kg/m)
Single Span
Capacity
Span/300
Capacity
Span/300
Capacity
Span/300
3.5
14016
17016
17018
3.49
3.87
4.34
10.48
13.04
15.15
5.84
9.19
10.28
10.02
11.83
14.17
14.04
22.11
24.71
12.42
14.52
17.49
10.42
16.41
18.35
4.0
14016
17016
17018
17020
20020
3.49
3.87
4.34
4.81
5.59
9.17
11.41
13.26
15.09
19.80
4.47
7.04
7.87
8.68
14.05
8.86
10.57
12.59
14.55
18.23
10.75
16.93
18.92
20.89
33.80
11.00
13.02
15.57
18.06
22.43
7.98
12.57
14.05
15.50
25.09
4.5
14016
17016
17018
17020
20020
24020
3.49
3.87
4.34
4.81
5.59
6.31
8.15
10.15
11.78
13.41
17.60
21.73
3.53
5.56
6.22
6.86
11.10
17.56
7.93
9.54
11.31
13.03
16.47
18.95
8.49
13.38
14.95
16.50
26.71
42.24
9.86
11.78
14.01
16.19
20.32
23.11
6.30
9.93
11.10
12.25
19.82
31.35
5.0
17016
17018
17020
20020
24020
3.87
4.34
4.81
5.59
6.31
9.13
10.61
12.07
15.84
19.55
4.50
5.03
5.56
8.99
14.22
8.68
10.25
11.79
15.00
17.46
10.83
12.11
13.37
21.63
34.21
10.75
12.73
14.67
18.55
21.37
8.04
8.99
9.92
16.06
25.39
5.5
17018
17020
20020
20025
24020
24025
4.34
4.81
5.59
6.94
6.31
7.84
9.64
10.97
14.40
18.94
17.78
23.65
4.16
4.59
7.43
9.16
11.75
14.51
9.37
10.76
13.76
18.55
16.16
22.58
10.01
11.05
17.88
22.03
28.27
34.90
11.65
13.40
17.04
23.09
19.84
27.97
7.43
8.20
13.27
16.36
20.99
25.91
6.0
17025
20018
20020
20025
24020
24025
24030
5.96
5.05
5.59
6.94
6.31
9.36
9.36
13.06
11.50
13.20
17.36
16.30
27.03
27.03
4.75
5.65
6.25
7.70
9.88
14.45
14.45
12.95
10.90
12.70
17.06
15.02
26.48
26.48
11.42
13.60
15.02
18.52
23.76
34.75
34.75
16.15
13.47
15.75
21.25
18.49
32.96
32.96
8.47
10.09
11.15
13.74
17.63
25.79
25.79
6.5
17025
20020
20025
24020
24025
24030
5.96
5.59
6.94
6.31
7.84
9.36
12.05
12.18
16.03
15.04
20.01
24.95
4.04
5.32
6.56
8.42
10.39
12.31
11.96
11.79
15.79
14.02
19.35
24.51
9.73
12.80
15.78
20.24
24.99
29.61
14.93
14.64
19.67
17.29
24.02
30.53
7.22
9.50
11.71
15.03
18.55
21.98
7.0
20020
20025
24020
24025
24030
5.59
6.94
6.31
7.84
9.36
11.31
14.88
13.97
18.58
23.17
4.59
5.66
7.26
8.96
10.61
11.00
14.69
13.14
18.05
22.82
11.04
13.60
17.45
21.55
25.53
13.66
18.31
16.23
22.43
28.43
8.19
10.10
12.96
15.99
18.95
7.5
20020
20025
24020
24025
24030
5.59
6.94
6.31
7.84
9.36
10.56
13.89
13.04
17.34
21.62
4.00
4.93
6.32
7.80
9.25
10.30
13.73
12.36
16.91
21.34
9.61
11.85
15.21
18.77
22.24
12.81
17.13
15.28
21.02
26.60
7.14
8.80
11.29
13.93
16.51
8.0
24020
24025
24030
6.31
7.84
9.36
12.22
16.26
20.27
5.56
6.86
8.13
8.5
24020
24025
24030
6.31
7.84
9.36
11.50
15.30
19.08
4.92
6.08
7.20

Double Span
Triple Span
Complete
Building Envelope
Solutions
Load Tables
Span
41
22/7/10
09:11
Page 43
Load Table for Eaves Beams

Allowable Vertical Loads (Unfactored) in kN
Single Span
Span
Section
Wt (kg/m)
Load Capcity (kN)

H=1 kN/m
H=1.5 kN/m
Load Capcity
H=1 kN/m
H=1.5 kN/m
Deflection
Controlled
Span/200
3.5
E20020
E20025
5.59
6.94
19.83
26.22
19.10
26.22
27.76
34.22
18.84
24.91
18.84
24.91
66.77
82.30
4.0
E20020
E20025
5.59
6.94
17.31
22.89
14.73
21.46
21.25
26.20
16.44
21.74
15.25
21.74
51.12
63.01
4.5
E20020
E20025
5.59
6.94
14.22
20.29
11.06
16.86
16.79
20.70
14.45
19.27
11.93
17.56
40.39
49.78
5.0
E20020
E20025
5.59
6.94
11.42
16.42
7.91
12.95
13.60
16.77
11.90
17.06
9.09
14.01
32.72
40.33
5.5
E20020
E20025
5.59
6.94
9.00
13.48
5.14
9.53
11.24
13.86
9.71
14.30
6.62
10.94
27.04
33.33
6.0
E20020
E20025
E24025
E24030
5.59
6.94
7.84
9.36
6.86
11.07
14.96
20.56
2.65
6.49
9.67
14.93
9.45
11.64
18.37
21.77
7.78
11.88
15.79
21.23
4.41
8.23
11.56
16.72
22.72
28.00
44.19
52.37
6.5
E20020
E20025
E24025
E24030
5.59
6.94
7.84
9.36
7.69
9.48
15.15
17.95
7.69
9.48
15.15
17.95
8.05
9.92
15.65
18.55
9.93
13.15
16.63
20.75
8.40
12.29
16.11
20.75
19.36
23.86
37.65
44.62
7.0
E20020
E20025
E24025
E24030
5.59
6.94
7.84
9.36
6.56
8.08
12.96
15.35
6.56
8.08
12.96
15.35
6.94
8.55
13.50
16.00
8.81
12.16
15.38
19.19
7.03
10.57
13.98
18.65
16.69
20.57
32.47
38.47
7.5
E20020
E20030
7.84
9.36
11.18
13.25
11.18
13.25
11.76
13.93
14.29
17.84
12.06
16.35
28.28
33.52
8.0
E20020
E20030
7.84
9.36
9.72
11.51
9.72
11.51
10.33
12.25
8.5
E20020
E20030
7.84
9.36
8.50
10.07
8.50
10.07
9.15
10.85
9.0
E20020
E20030
7.84
9.36
7.47
8.85
7.47
8.85
8.17
9.68
9.5
E20020
E20030
7.84
9.36
6.60
7.81
6.60
7.81
7.33
8.68
10
E20020
E20030
7.84
9.36
5.85
6.92
5.51
6.92
6.61
7.84
Note that in the above table a single row of Eaves braces is taken for
spans up to 6m and two rows for greater spans.
42
Double Span
Deflection
Controlled
Span/200
22/7/10
09:12
Page 44
Typical C-Section Rail hole Punching Details

Notes Regarding the Heavy End-Bay System
It is essential that the heavier end bay section is properly identified to aboid misplacement on site.
Wherever possible this should be detailed to be different to other section so that misplacement cannot
occur. Further, to avoid problems on site the sleeves at all locations should be the same thickness,
ie the thickness of the end bay purllin section.
Zed Section Sleeves

Narrow outer flange
Depth
140
170
200
240
58
88
118
158
233
283
333
408
650
750
850
1000
Dimensions in mm.
Note: All holes 18 for M16 bolts, minimum
grade 4.6.
Sleeve for 140, 170, 200 and 240 Series
Zed Purlins and Rails

Single Spans
CL
support
CL
support
L = Span between supports

Wide outer flange
Sag bar holing at mid-span for single row, at 1/3 span for purlins with double row and at 3/8: 1/4: 3/8 span for
purlins with double row.
Double Spans
CL
support
CL
support
CL
support
Note: Sag system holing as above

Complete
Building Envelope
Solutions
Detailing
Wide outer flange
43
22/7/10
09:12
Page 45
Typical Zed Section holing Patterns

Gable Purlin Detail
Alternative Gable Purlin Detail

(or can use a sleeve at extendable gable)
100 x 100 x 2 on 45 x 45 x 2
zinc plated cleader angle
Alternative cleader psoition
varies
varies
(not to exceed 3 x section depth)
Corner Rail Connection
varies
Rail end cleat if required
varies
Alternative Gable Rail Connection
3mm galvanised steel

plate
Flush Construction
44
Continuous Connection
22/7/10
09:12
Page 46
Typical C-Section Rail hole Punching Details

Cee Section Sleeves
Rail
Depth
Sleeve
Thickness
140
170
200
240
2.0
2.5
2.5
3.0
58
88
118
158
233
283
333
408
650
700
800
950
146
177
207
248
44
44.5
44.5
45
150
180.5
210.5
251
Dimensions in mm.
Sleeve for 140, 170, 200 and 240 Series

Note: All holes 18 for M16 bolts, minimum grade 4.6.
Cee Section Rails

Single Spans
CL
support
CL
support
L = Span between supports

Wide outer flange
Sag bar holing at mid-span for single row, at 1/3 span for double row.
Double Spans
CL
support
CL
support
CL
support
Detailing
Note: Sag system holing as above

Complete
Building Envelope
Solutions
45
22/7/10
09:12
Page 47
Fire Wall Rail Holing Details

Butted Zed Rail Connection
Sleeved Zed Rail Connection
18mm holes in rails, 18 x 45mm slots in cleat
18mm holes in rails, 18 x 45mm slots in cleat and sleeve
Zed Section Rail
Butted Cee Rail Connection
Sleeved Cee Rail Connection
18mm holes in rails, 18 x 45mm slots in cleat
18mm holes in rails, 18 x 45mm slots in cleat and sleeve
Cee Section Rail
Depth
140
170
200
240
58
88
118
158
233
283
333
408
650
750
850
1000
Dimensions in mm.
Note: All holes 18 for M16 bolts, minimum
grade 4.6.
These details should be used in conjjunction with information on page 23 and with cleats as detailed on page 43.
46
22/7/10
09:12
Page 48
Standard Cleats for Zed and Cee Sections

Normal Cleats for Purlins and Rails
Heavy Duty Cleats for Purlins and Rails
6mm welded
stiffener
t = 8mm for 240 series
All holes in cleats are 18mm to suit 16mm diameter bolts

t = 6mm for 140, 170 & 200 series
Note: It is recommended that heavy duty cleats are used with steep roofs (i.e. greater than 25 degrees), tiled roofs and any rail cleats carry significant cladding weight,
particularly at anchor points on diagonal ties.
Normal Fire Wall Cleats
Heavy Duty Fire Wall Cleats
6mm welded
stiffener
18mm x 45 slots
Cleats for Cee Section Connections

Long Trimmer Cleat
Section Depth
140
170
200
240
58
88
118
158
66
66
74
77
98
98
106
109
Dimensions in mm.
Note: All holes 18 for M16 bolts, minimum grade 4.6.
Cleats fabricated from 3mm zinc plated steel
Complete
Building Envelope
Solutions
Detailing
Short Trimmer Cleat
47
22/7/10
09:12
Page 49
Anti-Sag System Components

Push-fit Sag Bar
Threaded Tie Rod

12mm threaded bar
16mm zinc plated tube
Standard Angle Brace and Rail Strut
Cranked Apex Strut

Roof line
Roof angle
45 x 45 x 2 zinc plated folded angle
Eaves Brace with Push-fit Sag Bar
Diagonal Tie Bar Anchor Cleat
Roof line
Roof angle
Eaves Brace with Adjustable Sag Bar or with

Angle Braces
Roof line
Roof angle
Note that the dimension X refers to the purlin and Y refers to the Eaves Beam. Both
dimensions are to be taken as the dimension A for the relevant section depth on page 43.
48
Note for Rail Support Systems.

Anchor cleats should be placed at the hole above the rail strut end cleat (and nearest the
sheeting) for a single sided diagonal tie position and under the rail strut cleat for a doublesided diagonal lie position. The tie top fixing should be bolted to the cleat hole nearest the
column.
22/7/10
09:12
Page 50
Miscellaneous Components
Rail Closer Detail
Packer Plate at Counterformed Holes

Zinc plated 6mm thick plate 36 mm holes
Rail closer from 45 x 70 zinc

plated angle x 2 thick
Rail Corner Joining Plate

3 mm thick zinc plated steel
Stay Detail
18 holes
45 x 45 x 2* zinc plated stay

(*larger section available for
deep rafters by special
request)
Rail End Cleat
Base Angles
60 x 60 x 2 mm zinc plated steel Base angles available to specal

order, in 2 mm thick zinc plated
steel. provide dimensions X as
required.
Alternative Stay Detail
18 holes
Stay Cleat
70 x 70 x 6 MSA with zinc plating
Depth
140
170
200
240
58
88
118
158
Note: All holes 18 for M16 bolts,

minimum grade 4.6.
Detailing
Dimensions in mm.
Stay cleat
18 holes
49
22/7/10
09:09
Page 1
The information presented in this brochure is believed to be accurate

at time of publication, however this may be subject to amendment or
improvement without prior notice and shall not, in any event, be used
as a basis for any contract.
Manufactured Products
Roof Cladding
Zed Purlins
Cee Sections
Flashings and Ancillaries
AGB STEEL PRODUCTS LTD

146 Crownpoint Road
Glasgow, Scotland G40 2AE
Tel: +44 (0) 141 556 7551
Fax: +44 (0) 141 556 1516
Email: info@agbsteelproducts.co.uk
Fyvie Office:
Mill of Crichie
Fyvie,
Turriff AB53 8QL
Tel: +44 (0) 1651 891668
Fax: +44 (0) 1651 891698
Email: info@agbsteelproducts.co.uk
www.agbsteelproducts.co.uk

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ZED PURLINS AND CEE SECTIONS

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The Manufacturing Process

Our production line has been upgraded to incorporate advanced

For further assistance on any information contained in this brochure or

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Zed Profile Purlin Systems

Zed Sleeved-Purlin Systems

Zed Heavy End-Bay & Zed Butted System

Zed Purlin Sag-System Requirements

Roof Sag Bar & Roof Angle Brace System

Zed and Cee Section Sheeting Rails

Sleeved Rail System

Butted & Double Span Rail System

Sheeting Rail Sag-System Requirments

Zed Purlin/Rail System-Hole Punching

Eaves Beam Sections

Zed and Cree Properties

Load Tables Introduction

Sag Bar & Brace

Introduction and Contents

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Section Properties for

Zed Sections & Cee Sections

Section Dimensions (mm)

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Zed Profile Purlin Systems

Sleeved Double-Span System

Heavy End-Bay System

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Zed Sleeved-Purlin Systems

Purlin Sleeve Detail

Purlin Butt Joint

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Zed Heavy End-Bay System

This system is similar to the normal sleeved system as indicated on

Zed Butted System

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Zed Purlin Sag-System Requirments

The table below gives requirements for various conditions. It is suggested

Requirements for Restraining and

Restraining type metal cladding

The designer must determine the category of the roof cladding.

Lateral restraint is usually provided to the purlin where normal trapezoidal

Requirements for Various Roof Types

1 row angle braces

2 rows angle braces

1 row angle braces

2 rows angle braces

2 rows angle braces

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Roof Sag Bar System

Use Cranked Aped

Sag Bar & Brace

Push-fit sag bars up to 2.0m purlin centres

Roof Angle Brace System

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Eaves Beam Sections

It is recommended that at least one row of eaves braces should be