Heat and Mass Transfer

Consider a 1.2-m-high and 2-m-wide double-pane window consisting of two 3-mm-thick (1 layers of glass (k =0. ! "#m$C% separated by a 12-mm-wide stagnant air space (k = 0.02& "#m $C%. 'etermine the steady rate of heat transfer through this double-pane window and the temperature of its inner surface for a day during which the room is maintained at 2($C while the temperature of the outdoors is -)$C. *ake the con+ection heat transfer coefficients on the inner and outer surfaces of the window to be 10 "#m2 .$C and 2) "#m2 $C respecti+ely , 2-m1.)-m section of wall of an industrial furnace burning natural gas is not insulated- (2 and the temperature at the outer surface of this section is measured to be !0$C. *he temperature of the furnace room is 30$C- and the combined con+ection and radiation heat transfer coefficient at the surface of the outer furnace is 10 "#m2$C. .t is proposed to insulate this section of the furnace wall with glass wool insulation (k = 0.03! "#m$C% in order to reduce the heat loss by /0 percent. ,ssuming the outer surface temperature of the metal section still remains at about !0$C0 determine the thickness of the insulation .that needs to be used "ater is boiling in a 2)-cm-diameter aluminum pan (k = 23 "#m $C% at /)$C. 1eat is (3 transferred steadily to the boiling water in the pan through its 0.)-cm-thick flat bottom at a rate of !00 ". .f the inner surface temperature of the bottom of the pan is 10!$Cdetermine (a% the boiling heat transfer coefficient on the inner surface of the pan- and (b% .the outer surface temperature of the bottom of the pan *wo )-cm-diameter- 1)2cm-long aluminum bars (k = 1 & "#m$C% with ground surfaces (( are pressed against each other with a pressure of 20 atm (h = 11-(00 "#m2 C%. *he bars are enclosed in an insulation slee+e and- thus- heat transfer from the lateral surfaces is negligible. .f the top and bottom surfaces of the two-bar system are maintained at temperatures of 1)0$C and 20$Crespecti+ely- determine (a% the rate of heat transfer along the cylinders under steady conditions and (b% .the temperature drop at the interface ,n electric current is passed through a wire 1 mm in () diameter and 10 cm long. *he wire is submerged in li3uid water at atmospheric pressure- and the current is increased until the water boils. 4or this situation h = )000 "#m2$C- and the water temperature will be 100 $C. 1ow much electric power must be supplied to the wire to maintain the wire surface at 11( 5$C