List of leaders of the Soviet Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Name (birthdeath)

Portrait

Term of office

Congress

Notes

Vladimir Lenin (18701924)[32]

Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars and informal leader of the Bolsheviks since their inception.[32] Was leader of the 30 December 1922[32] 11th12th Russian Soviet Congress Federative Socialist 21 January 1924[13] Republic (RSFSR) from 1917 and leader of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) from 1922 until his death.[33] General Secretary from 3 April 1922 until the office of General Secretary was abolished in October 1952.[35] Stalin served as Premier from 6 May 1941 until his death on 5 March 1953.[34] He also held the post of the Minister of 13th19th Defence from 19 Congress July 1941 until 3 March 1947 and Chairman of the State Defence Committee during the Great Patriotic War[36] and became the only officer to hold the office of People's Commissariat of Nationalities from 19211923.[37] Was the leading figure of the Secretariat of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, but was later forced to resign. From Stalin's death[41] to February 1955 Malenkov

Joseph Stalin (18781953)[13]

Disputed[13] 5 March 1953[34]

Georgy Malenkov (19021988)[38]

5 March 1953[38][39] 8 February 1955[40]

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1955 Malenkov, through the office of Premier, was locked in a power struggle against Khrushchev.[42] Served as the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Soviet Union and Chairman of the Council of Ministers from 27 27 March 1955[43] 14 20th22nd March 1958 to 14 Congress October 1964. October 1964[44] Khrushchev was removed from power after a trip to Scandinavia by Leonid Brezhnev and his supporters.[45] Served as First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist 23rd26th Party, was later Congress renamed General Secretary,[22] and later Chairman of the Presidium.[23] General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party[25] and Chairman of the Presidium from 16 June 1983 until 9 February 1984.[49] General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party[51] and Chairman of the Presidium from 11 April 1984 to 10 March 1985.[52] Served as General Secretary from 11 March 1985,[52] and resigned on 24
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Nikita Khrushchev (18941971)[43]

Leonid Brezhnev (19061982)[44]

14 October 1964[44] 10 November 1982[46]

Yuri Andropov (19141984)[47]

12 November 1982[47] 9 February 1984[48]

Konstantin Chernenko (19111985)[50]

13 February 1984[50] 10 March 1985[22]

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Mikhail Gorbachev (born 1931)[53]

g August 1991,[55] Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet from 1 October[51] 1988 until the office was renamed to the Chairman of the 11 March 1985[22] 25 27th28th Supreme Soviet on Congress 25 May 1989 to 15 December 1991[54] March 1990[52] and President of the Soviet Union from 15 March 1990[56] to 25 December 1991.[57] The day following Gorbachev's resignation as President, the Soviet Union was formally dissolved.[54]

List of troikas
On three occasions, between Lenin's death and Stalin's rise, Stalin's death and Nikita Khrushchev's rise to power, and between Khrushchev's fall and Leonid Brezhnev's consolidation of power in the government apparatus, a collective leadership known as the Troika (meaning "threesome")[58] governed the country, with no single individual holding leadership alone.[23][39]

Members (birthdeath)

Tenure

Notes When Vladimir Lenin suffered his first stroke a Troika was established to govern the country in his place. The Troika consisted of Lev Kamenev, Joseph Stalin, and Grigory Zinoviev. The Troika was dissolved when Kamenev and Zinoviev decided to break with Stalin in 1925.[60]

May 1922[59] 1925[60] Grigory Zinoviev (18831936)[62]

Lev Kamenev Joseph Stalin [61] (18831936) (18781953)[13]

13 March 1953[39] 26 June 1953[63]

This Troika consisted of Georgy Malenkov, Lavrentiy Beria, and Vyacheslav Molotov[64] and ended when Malenkov and Molotov
[43]

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Georgy Vyacheslav Lavrentiy Beria Malenkov Molotov (18991953)[39] [39] (19021988) (18901986)[39]

deceived Beria.[43]

14 October 1964[44] 16 June 1977[23]

Leonid Brezhnev Alexei Kosygin (19041982)[44] (19061980)[44]

Nikolai Podgorny (19031983)[44]

The Troika was officially known as the Collectivity of leadership, and consisted of Leonid Brezhnev as First Secretary, Alexei Kosygin as Premier and Anastas Mikoyan as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Mikoyan retired from politics in 1965 and was replaced by Nikolai Podgorny. During Brezhnev's gradual consolidation of power, the Troika was dissolved when he became the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet in 1977.[23] However, the collective leadership continued to exist in a different shape after Podgorny's ouster in the Party leadership throughout the rest of Brezhnev's rule.[65]

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