“Use of Technology in National Security”

DRDO-- Defense Research and Development

Organization

• DRDO was formed in 1958.

• It has grown multi-

directionally over the years.
DRDO LOGO
• Engaged in developing
defense technologies.

• Undertakes several major

projects for the
development of arms and
ammunition.

DRDO HEAD QUARTERS - NEW DELH

Armored Fighting Vehicle [AFV]

An armored fighting
vehicle (AFV) is a
military vehicle,
protected by Armour and
armed with weapons.

AFV's can be wheeled or
tracked, depending on
terrain and service
conditions.
 Research and Development

Increased detection capability such
as thermal imagery, automated fire
control systems

Increased muzzle energy from the
gun to improve range, accuracy
and armor penetration.

The most mature future gun
technology is the electrothermal-
chemical gun.

An electrothermal-chemical gun
uses a plasma cartridge to ignite
and control the ammunition's
propellant, using electrical energy
as a catalyst to begin the process.
Arjuna MBT

DRDO's indigenous battle tank.

The futuristic technology
systems include:

automatic target tracking.

defensive aids.

Laser warning.

They are looking at
developing robotic vehicles
that would work

Always on tele-link.
Military Armor

With so many soldiers killed or injured
by roadside bombs and IEDs over the
past half-decade, intensive research
has been devoted to improving the
body armor worn by troops sent into
harm’s way.

Nanoparticle armor to protect not only
soldiers, but the vehicles they ride in.

By infusing nanoparticles into ceramic
materials used in military armor, both
porosity and structural strength are
increased.

It is hoped that the improved armor is
perfected and introduced as soon as
possible.
 Bionic Hornet

Israeli Defense Forces are drawing on
the latest breakthroughs in
nanotechnology to update their
weapons.

One notable application is known
colloquially as the Bionic Hornet.

No bigger than an average wasp, the
flying device is designed to seek out,
follow, photograph and even kill
selected opponents.

According to Israel’s Deputy Prime
Minister Shimon Peres, “It’s illogical to
send a plane worth $100 million
against a suicidal terrorist.”
Artificial DNA

DNA is the very stuff of life itself, so
when reports surfaced of artificial DNA,
a few people pushed the panic button.

Not to worry, the purpose of the
project was not to play God, but to play
with data - store data, actually.

Biological DNA stores the entire
genome of any particular plant, animal
or person very efficiently in a
surprisingly small space.

Artificial DNA, on the other hand, could
not only be used to store non-biological
data but would be immune to the
degrading effects of the naturally
occurring DNase enzyme.

The impact on any device that stores
data will be tremendous.
Nuclear submarines

A nuclear submarine is a submarine
powered by a nuclear reactor.

The performance advantages of
nuclear submarines over
"conventional" (typically diesel-electric)
submarines are considerable: nuclear
propulsion, being completely
independent of air, frees the submarine
from the need to surface frequently, as
is necessary for conventional
submarines.

The large amount of power generated
by a nuclear reactor allows nuclear
submarines to operate at high speed
for long durations.
Armament

Nuclear submarines carry
a wide range of
armaments.

Cruise Missiles [ Agni-II ]

Ballistic Missiles [ Prithvi ]

Torpedoes [ Mark 48 torpedo ]

Serve to intimidate
opposition and deliver
large fire-power nearly
anywhere in the world.
INS Arihant
The Hovercraft

A hovercraft (air-cushion
vehicle, ACV) is a craft capable
of traveling over relatively
smooth surfaces supported by a
cushion of slow moving, high-
pressure air, ejected against the
surface below, and contained
within a "skirt."

Although supported by the air,
they are not usually considered
to be aircraft.
Advantages of the Hovercraft

Hovercraft are used
throughout the world as
specialized transports.

Because they are
supported by a cushion
of air, hovercraft are
unique among forms of
ground transportation in
their ability to travel
equally well over land,
ice, and water.
Application of the Hovercraft

Small hovercraft are
used for sport, or
passenger service, while
giant hovercraft have
civilian and military
applications, and are
used to transport cars,
tanks, and large
equipment in hostile
environments and
terrain.
Navy of the Future

The Zumwalt-class destroyer
(DDG-1000) is a planned class
of United States Navy
destroyers, designed as multi-
mission ships with a focus on
land attack.

Provide land attack support for
ground forces as well as
perform antiair, antisurface and
undersea warfare.
Armament

Dual Band Radar

Accurate tracking and targeting

Peripheral Launch System

Intelligent weaponry, controlled by
computers.

Weaponry under development

High-powered microwaves utilizing
radio frequency energy

Electromagnetic rail guns utilizing
electricity and magnetic fields
 Border Security

The nation security mainly involves in the
following areas:

Land Border Security

Waterfront Security

Aerial security

Technology has revolutionized each of these
fronts, creating secure and safer international
borders.
Land Border Security

The most commonly used instrument
for land border security is visual
sensor network.

It is a network of smart camera devices
capable of processing images of a
scene from a variety of viewpoints into
some form more useful than the
individual images.

The network generally consists of the
cameras themselves and possibly one
or more central computers, where
image data from multiple cameras is
further processed.

Visual sensor networks are most useful
in applications involving area
surveillance, tracking, and
environmental monitoring.
Aerial security

Missile Defense Program is an initiative
to develop and deploy a multi-layered
missile defense system to protect
nation from missile attacks.

It is a two tiered system consisting of:

Interceptor missiles for high
altitude interception [Eg. Prithvi Air
Defense]

Short range missile for lower
altitude interception. [Advanced Air
Defence Missile]

Such two-tiered shields are able to
intercept any incoming missile
launched 5,000 kilometers away.
Naval Security

Underwater sensor networks form the
basic shield.

A towed underwater sensor device
comprises of:

A towed cable.

A fiber optic cable placed within and
running the length of said towed
cable.

Electric circuitry and network device.

When a disturbance is reported on the
sensor cable, the network alerts a
computer in the Command center
which then can use data from other
sensors to gauge the type of threat and
effective response.
 Introduction :
• Established on 8 October 1932
• First ac flight came into being on 01 Apr 1933
• Remarkable services during World War 2
• Widely famous as Royal Indian Air Force

• नभ स र द पम
• Nabha Sparsham Deeptam
• Major Operations :
1. Operation Vijay,
2. Operation Meghdoot
3. Operation Cactus
and
4. China War

•3rd most powerful service after US army and Air Force of China
Operation Vijay

Battle of Goa

451 years of Portuguese
colonial rule in Goa

36 Hours of constant
Bomb-Attack was the key
point in this operation

Operation Manager Wing
Commander N.B. Menon

Canberra TT18 as a
'Primary element' by IFA
Heroics of Canberra TT18

• High altitude range

• Can drop 63,000 pounds of
explosives within minutes, rendering
the runway unusable.
• Designed to fly fast and high enough
to avoid air-to-air combat entirely
• Highly adaptable, serving in such
varied roles for tactical bombing,
photographic, electronic, and
meteorological reconnaissance
• Operation Meghdoot
• World's highest battlefield
• Indian Army and Pakistani Army actively
deployed in altitudes up to 21,000 feet
• The Siachen Glacier is located in the eastern
Karakoram range in the Himalaya Mountains just
east of the Line of Control between India-Pakistan
• Mi-8 was highly used during this battle

Mi-8 :
• Medium twin-turbine transport helicopter that can also act as a gunship.
• World's most-produced helicopter
Engine power 2 x 1 500 hp.

Cruise speed 225 km/h

Flight range (with normal load)

465 km

Flight range (with additional fuel 950 km

tanks)
 • Operation Cactus :
• Battle against People's Liberation
Organisation of Tamil Eelam (PLOTE)
• Indian forces were invited by the Maldivian
government to intervene
• operation gave fame to a new model
Ilyushin Il-76

• Ilyushin Il-76
• A 4-engined strategic airlifter designed in
the Soviet Union
• Originally built for the military
• Now used for the delivery of outsized or
very heavy cargo
• carry a payload of 40 tons (88,000 lb) over
a range of 5,000 km (2,700 nmi; 3,100 mi)

• Ilyushin Il-76 in the top picture and the

Maldives area where it was used
extensively for millitary actions
 Reliable Air Force
Command and structure:
• Five operational and two functional commands headed by the rank of Air Marshal
• Primary flight training is located at the Air Force Academy in Hyderabad – Key
Academy
• The current Chief of the Air Staff is Air Chief Marshal P.V.Naik
• IAF operates over sixty air bases
• Superb support of 47 Wings and 19 FBSUs
• Strength of 170,000 personnel
• Nearly 60 U.S built Helicopters and over 500 French, Indian and Soviet built types
• Latest Crown – Cheetah Helicopter - max cruise speed of 121 km/hr can climb to 1
km in 4 minutes
 NLOS Combat

Technology today has made it possible
to eliminate OP FOR without even
seeing them.

NLOS weapons are making their
presence felt in all theaters of combat.

The Navy extensively uses SONAR
based platforms for navigation and
offense.

The ARMY has a myriad of Surface to
Air and Surface to Surface armaments.

NLOS-C Canon

BrahMOS missiles

But the effectiveness of NLOS
weapons is most evident in air combat.
Smart Missiles and Bombs

In the early days of aerial combat, the two
pilots would pit their machines into long and
turning 'dogfights'

Today a pilot can engage and eliminate OP-
FOR even before he can see him. This is
called BVR combat.

The major types of 'Smart Missiles':

Infra-Red: AIM-8 Sidewinder [Vietnam]

Radar: AGM-88 HARM [Gulf]

Laser: Armement Air-Sol Modulaire (AASM)
[NATO peacekeeping]

The main types of guidance system used in
'Smart bombs' are:

GPS: Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM)
[Afghanistan]

Parameter Sensing: GB-28 "Bunker-buster"
[Iraq]
 Reconnaissance

One of the most important roles of
the air-force is intelligence
gathering and RECON.

Technology has made great
advancements in RECON and
INTEL gathering.

Specialized Recon planes with
inboard super computers can
rapidly scan the battlefield and
send the gathered information to a
central information network.

E-3 Sentry airborne warning and
control system (AWACS)

RQ-4 Global Hawk UAV
Airframe

Modern combat planes integrate a wide
array of technologies.

Autonomously

Detect Threats

Target

Eliminate

Only need human confirmation.


Fifth Generation Fighters

Medium Combat Aircraft

Sukhoi/HAL FGFA

MiG 35 LMFS

Sukhoi Su-47 'Firkin'

Lockheed Martin X-35
F-35 Lightning
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II

Cockpit: The F-35 features a full-panel-width
"panoramic cockpit display" (PCD), and a
cockpit speech-recognition system.

Sensors:

AN/APG-81 AESA-radar

Electro-Optical Targeting System (EOTS)

Infra-Red distributed aperture system (DAS)

Multifunction Advanced Data Link (MADL).

Fly by Wire: "Maneuvering is irrelevant"

Radio frequency and infrared situational
awareness (SAIRST) to track all nearby
aircraft continually

The pilot's helmet-mounted display
system (HMDS) to display and select
targets and High Off-Boresight (HOBS)
weapons to eliminate them.
“I come bearing an olive branch in one hand, and the
freedom fighter's gun in the other. Do not let the olive
branch fall from my hand.”

Yasser Arafat