ENT

A. MEDIAN RHOMBOID GLOSSITIS B. ANKYLOGLOSSIA C. PROGNATHISM

D. MACROGLOSSIA E. MICROGNATHIA

1. Differential Diagnosis would include Neurofibromatosis 2. Embryonic failure of the tuberculum impar to be covered by the lateral lingual tubercles 3. Anterior placement of the lower jaw which maybe absolute or relative . Affects speech sounds !A"# !D" and !N" $. Due to the failure in the %rowth center in the condyle A. FIRST POUCH B. FIRST BRANCHIAL ARCH C. SECOND POUCH &. 'here the (hymus develops ). (his is the *yoid or +eichert,s -artilage .. (he Eustachian (ubes and the /iddle Ear Develops from 00000. 1. (he /alleus# 2ncus and 3phenomandibular ligament are derived 14. 'here the (onsillar 5ossa develops A. PHARYNGEAL BURSAE B. VALLECULAE C. PALATOGLOSSUS 11. Anatomical pill poc6et 12. 7rotruding 7osterior part of the (ubal -artilage anterior to the Eustachian tube 13. 7osterior (onsillar 7illar 1 . Action is to protect the glottis and prevents aspiration 1$. Embryological remnant of the notochord presenting as a sac8li6e depression in the posterior wall 1&. Anterior (onsillar 7illar D. EPIGLOTITTIS E. TORUS TUBARIUS F. PALATOPHARYNGEUS D. SECOND BRANCHIAL ARCH E. THIRD POUCH

ORAL CAVITY, OROPHARYNX AND NASOPHARYNX 1). Do not usually re9uire treatment A. median rhomboid glossitis 1.. Not true of the cleft lip and palate A. correction of ear;hearing problems are important for speech development :. cleft palate is usually repaired at the age ten wee6s -. enlarged tonsils and adenoids are not removed to reduce nasality of voice D. /anaged by !team approach." 11. -haracteri<ed by micrognathia# cleft palate and glossoptosis A. +obin anomaly 24. (rue of dentigerous cysts A. contain the crown of an unerupted tooth :. Apert syndrome -. -rou<on Disease D. None of these :. mild an6yloglossia -. torus mandibularis D. all of the above

:. usually involves the premolars# molars or caines -. often solitary D. all of the above 21. Not true of radicular cysts A. epithelial rests of /alasse< proliferate in the apical granuloma :. enlarge and cause mandibular deformity -. may result from dental caries D. most common of oral cysts 22. -yst lined by 6eratini<ed stratified s9uamous epithelium and may contain 6eratin and any s6in appendages# li6e hair follicles# sweat or sebaceous glands A. Nasoalveolar 23. An enlarged retention cyst A. mucocele :. mucomyst -. ranula D. dermoid :. Nasopalatine -. Dermoid D. +etention

2 . Not true of granuloma pyogenieum A. a se9uel of dental pulp infection :. appears as reddish fleshy mass attached to the gingivae# usually near the incisors -. managed by e=cision and tooth e=traction D. none of the above 2$. (ongue characteri<ed by small fissures dividing the papillae into groups;clumps A. blac6 hairy tongue :. geographic tongue 2&. Not true of ameloblastomas A. may arise from dentigerous cysts :. managed li6e a malignant tumor because of aggressive behavior -. usually found in the ma=illa D. surgical defect may be repaired with fibula# iliac bone or ribs 2). (his lesion is fre9uently monostotic# affects females# found in the ma=illa# !burns out" in late adolescence# producing painless facial asymmetry A. /y=oma :. fibrous dysplasia -. cementifying fibroma D. epulis -. scrotal tongue D. median rhomboid glossitis

2.. Not true of choanal atresia A. often caused by a persistent bony plate in the choana :. presents as an emergency at birth if bilateral -. may be managed temporarily with a plastic oral airway in the mouth D. unilateral atresia needs immediate correction 21. (he best way to diagnose a juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma includes the following# E>-E7(? A. :iopsy :. clinical e=amination -. -( 3can D. /+2

34. 7eritonsillar abscess may be managed by A. 2ncision and Drainage :. 2ntravenous Antibiotics 31. Not an absolute indication for tonsillectomy A. -or 7ulmonale :. 7eritonsillar Abscess -. -hronicity @3 A times yearB D. 3uspicion of /alignancy -. (onsillectomy after 1 month D. All of these

32. Abscess common in infants C children# found anterior to the prevertebral fascia# characteri<ed by dysphagia# pain on swallowing and presents as an airway

obstruction A. /asticator :. Dudwig,s -. 7eritonsillar D. +etropharyngeal

33. Not part of the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea @E3AB A. tracheostomy C tonsillectomy :. -7A7 -. Avoidance of Alcohol D. 3edatives

LARYNX 3 . A baby girl was delivered by N3D with an A7%A+ score of 1# 14 and was discharge from the hospital on the 3 rd hospital day. 3he was well until on her &th wee6 of life# patient as noted to have !noisy" breathing on inspiration. 3he has good cry and there were no episodes of aspiration or cyanosis during feeding. 'hat do you e=pect to find on direct laryngoscopyF A. diminished subglottic diameter :. 3oft# collapsible epiglottis -. :leeding in a dar6# purplish subglottic mass D. None of the above 3$. /anagement on this patient would be? A. Elective tracheostomy since no episode of cyanosis is noted :. Daser e=cision -. 3urgery D. 3teroid therapy E. None of the above 3&. 5luid filled cystic lesion in the laryngeal ventricle A. laryngoceles :. saccular cyst -. epiglottic cyst D. subglottic stenosis E. none of these

3). (he superior laryngeal nerve gives a motor branch to the? A. posterior cricoarytenoid :. lateral cricoarytenoid -. cricothyroid D. thyroarytenoid E. interarytenoid

3.. (he only complete circular cartilage in the laryngeal structure A. Epiglottis :. thyroid cartilage -. cricoid cartilage D. arytenoids E. none of these

31. E=trinsic muscles of the laryn= E>-E7(? A. /ylohyoid 4. 3trap muscles of the laryn=? A. /ylohyoid :. Emohyoid -. Digastric D. 3tylohyoid E. none of these :. Emohyoid -. Digastric D. 3tylohyoid E. none of these

1. -ongenital laryngeal lesion associated with pectum e=cavatum A. Daryngomalacia :. subglottic stenosis -. 3ubglottic hemangioma D. -ongenital laryngeal paralysis E. none of these

2. /ost common location of the congenital laryngeal web? A. 3upraglottis :. %lottis -. 3ubglottis D. (rachea

3. Eut patient laryngoscopy can be done through the following# E>-E7(? A. 2ndirect laryngoscopy :. Direct laryngoscopy -. +igid endoscopic laryngoscopy . 3traps muscles acts as? D. 5le=ible endoscopic laryngoscopy E. None of these

A. clevators of the laryn= :. depressors of the laryn= -. tensors of the laryn=

D. adductors of the laryn= E. none of these

$. (he only 2ntrinsic muscles supplied by the motor branch of the superior laryngeal nerve is? A. posterior cricoarytenoids :. lateral cricoarytenoids -. cricothyroid &. 2ntrinsic laryngeal muscle which act as adductor and tensor A. posterior cricoarytenoid :. interarytenoid -. cricothyroid ). (+GE of the laryngeal innervations E>-E7(? A. +ight laryngeal nerve hoo6 around the right subclavian nerve :. (he superior laryngeal @internal branchB pierces the thyrohyoid membrane while the recurrent laryngeal nerve enter the subglottis just below the cricothyroid articulation -. both the superior and inferior branch have both motor and sensory innervations D. the left laryngeal nerve is more prone to injury than the right E. none of the above .. (he following structures can be seen;visuali<e in 2ndirect laryngoscopy E>-E7(? A. Hallecula :. aryepiglottic folds -. Epiglottis D. 5alse vocal cords E. arytenoids D. thyroarytenoid E. lateral cricoarytenoid D. vocalis thyroarytenoid E. thyroarytenoid

TRACHEA A. CROUP B. TRACHE-ESOPHAGEAL FISTULA C. TRACHEAL STENOSIS 1. 2ntrinsic narrowing lumen# walls are rigid and non8distensibleI 3=? +espiratory Distress $4. (achypnea# :ar6ing cough# cyanosis# stridor caused by 2nfluen<a (ype A $1. Affecting part of all parts tracheal wall# softening of supporting cartilagesI 3=? 3tridor# bar6ing cough# recurrent respiratory infection TRUE OF FALSE $2. (racheotomy is a surgical opening into the trachea through which a tube can be passed $3. (rachea begins superior border of -ricoid cartilage# ends at -arina with 14 A 1 hyaline cartilages $ . During Deep 2nspiration (horacic 7art widens $$. During 5orced E=piration (horacic part widens $&. (rachea is a fibromuscular tube with 14 A 1 hyaline cartilages $). (he length of the trachea is 1 A 24 cm $.. (he diameter of the trachea is 1) A 2 cm $1. (racheo8esophageal fistula are immediate and delayed complications &4. (racheostomy is a surgical procedure use to create and opening &1. Jyed -omplications# E>-E7(? A. (racheomalacia D. Aspiration of %astric -ontents D. TRACHEOMALACIA E. NONE OF THESE

:. (racheocultaneous fistula -. (racheal 3tenosis &2. 2mmediate complications# E>-E7(? A. *emorrhage :. 3ubcutaneous Emphysema -. (racheal 3tenosis &3. 7apilloma# E>-E7(? A. most common benign tumor :. papovavirus -. rhinovirus

E. Delayed *emorrhage

D. 7neumothora= E. Apnea

D. -hronic cough E. *oarseness

ESOPHAGUS -EDG/N A & . 1$ A 24 cm from upper incisor &$. 2nd potentially wea6 area in poster midline &&. 7reparatory# Holuntary -ontrol &). 4 A $ cm from Gpper 2ncisor &.. 'ea6ness between 2nterior 7haryngeal -onstrictor /uscle and -ricopharyngeus &1. +efle= portion of Deglutition )4. -oagulation Necrosis )1. Di9uefaction Necrosis )2. :ird,s :ea6 Esophagus by >8ray )3. :olus of 5ood descends into esophagus ) . 24 A 2$ cm from upper incisor )$. Dateral Dehiscence )&. -or683crew Esophagus by >8ray )). +epetitive *igh Amplitude -ontraction ).. Dilatation *igh Amplitude -ontraction )1. * A (ype -ongenital Disorder of Esophagus A. Esophageal Atresia with Distal (racheo8Esophageal 5istula @(E5B :. Esophageal Atresia with 7ro=imal (E5 -. (racheo8Esophageal 5istula without Atresia D. Esophageal Atresia without (E5 E. None of these 5. All of these .4. Al6ali A. 7enetrates more rapidly in the esophagus :. 7enetrates more rapidly in the stomach -. Di9uefaction necrosis .1. :ird,s :ea6 Deformity on :arium 3tudy D. -oagulation Necrosis E. A and 5. All of these -EDG/N : A. Daimer (riangle :. Killian A Lamieson -. Achalasia D. %astroesophageal Lunction E. Killian,s Dehiscence 5. Anterior -ompression %. Diffuse Esophageal 3pasm *. Acid :urn 2. Al6ali :urn L. Eral 7hase Deglutition K. 7haryngeal 7hase Deglutition D. Esophageal 7hase Deglutition /. Gpper Esophageal 3phincter

A. Diffuse esophageal spasm :. Achalasia -. Men6er,s Diverticulum

D. Daryngeal 'eb E. None of these 5. All of these

.2. Dateral Dehiscence of the 7haryngo8esophageal segment A. Killian,s Dehiscence :. Killian A Lamieson -. Daimer A *ac6erman (riangle .3. Achalasia# E>-E7(? A. Dilatation and Elongation of DE3 :. Narrowing of DE3 -. 7ropensity to develop Esophageal -ancer D. %enerali<ed /otor Disorder of the Esophagus E. All of these 5. None of these D. All of these E. A and : only 5. None of these

LARYNX AND HYPOPHARYNX . . +adiologica tool for the assessment of the laryn= following e=ternal trauma A. Daryngogram :. -omputed (omography @-(B -. 7olytomography D. 3oft tissue tissue radiographs E. >erogram

.$. (he patient who has ingested a caustic material# esophagoscopy A. is contraindicated :. is indicated if a stricture is apparent by =8ray -. is unnecessary in the presence of oral burns D. is indicated if dysphagia persists after steroid therapy E. should be carried out within .8hours .&. (rue for foreign bodies of the esophagus# E>-E7(? A. most fre9uently lodge where the aorta crosses the esophagus :. should be removed as soon as possible -. if flat# commonly present in the coronal plane D. if pointed# can cause perforation E. usually removed with a rigid esophagoscope .). 'hat is the best indicator of the anatomic level of airway obstruction A. association with eating difficulties :. posturing -. respiratory phase during which stridor occurs ... %astroesophageal reflu= is etiologically implicated with? A. contact granuloma :. laryngeal cancer -. leu6opla6ia of the vocal cors D. Men6er,s diverticulum E. All of the above D. respiratory rate E. dyspnea

.1. (he most common symptom of gastroesophageal reflu= disease @%E+DB is A. substernal chest pain :. sour taste -. bac6 pain D. regurgitation E. epigastric pain

14. (he most common benign and malignant lesions of the esophagus are? A. leiomyoma# s9uamous cell carcinoma :. neurofibroma# s9uamous cell carcinoma -. fibroma# s9uamous cell carcinoma 11. (he most common esophageal foreign body found in children is? A. fish spine :. meat -. toy D. coin E. thumbtac6s D. leiomyoma# adenocarcinoma E. fibroma# adenocarcinoma

12. Daryngitis associated airway compromise is more common in children because? A. organisms are more virulent :. vaccinations are ineffective -. the immune system is immature 13. At what level does the normal pharyn= become continuous with the cervical esophagus A. -8 :. -8$ -. -8& D. (81 E. (82 D. the airway is smaller E. antibiotics are less effective

1 . 2n an adult with epiglottitis# which indicates a need for airway intervention A. Episthotonus :. 5ever of 4-. Deucocytosis of N 2$#444 D. rapid onset of symptoms E. productive cough

1$. 'hich is the earliest sign of respiratory failureF A. (achypnea :. 3ubsternal retractions -. cyanosis D. biphasic stridor E. fatigue

1&. 'hich of the following is a relative contraindication of -ricothyrotomyF A. drowning :. midface trauma -. laryngeal infection D. age less than 1& years E. possible cervical spine injury

1). 'hich of the following seem NE( to contribute to laryngeal stenosis A. length of intubation time :. ischemic necrosis can be caused by endotracheal tube pressure -. superimposed respiratory tract infection D. gastroesophageal reflu= E. the cricoid ring is the narrowest part of the airway 1.. 'hat is the most common early complication of pediatric tracheotomy A. :leeding :. 7neumothora= -. (ube displacement D. (ube obstruction E. granulation tissue formation

11. -haracteristics of laryngotracheitis @croupB include all of the following# E>-E7(? A. *oarseness :. steeple sign by >8ray -. age less than 2 years D. drooling E. gradual onset

144. 'hat is the main advantage of 5le=ible :ronchoscopy over +igid :ronchoscopyF A. more distal bronchial segments can be e=amined :. allows for an airway -. ability to remove foreign bodies D. better optics E. e=pense of e9uipment