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Steps to Success
Tips on preparing, practising and performing effectively at Graduate and Industrial Placement Assessment Centres
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page Introduction:...................................................................4
Preparation
THE JOURNEY BEGINS: Choosing a career path and selecting which organisation to apply to...5 PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT: Preparing yourself practically and psychologically for any assessment..7 COMPETENCY INCOMPETENCY: Understanding what employers are looking for8
Conclusion
LEARNING CURVE: Learning from experience and improving performance...27 HINDSIGHT IS A WONDERFUL THING: The things no-one ever warns you about...29 TIME TO SPREAD YOUR WINGS: Do you have the drive?................................................................................32
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Assessment centres and interviews can be a daunting process. Even the whisper of those words sends a shiver down your spine. You imagine the nightmare scenario, a darkened room, the board of glaring assessors, the unanswerable questions, and you begin to panic. STOP! Assessments dont have to be like that. In fact, if you know how to handle them, you can actually almost enjoy them! Assessments give you the opportunity to show an organisation what you are made of, why you are the ideal person for their job, and why their organisation would not be able to function without you. It is also an opportunity for you to assess them, to find out if it is the right organisation for you. Competition for work placements and Graduate jobs is now fiercer than ever. Each organisation may receive hundreds, if not thousands, of applications for one vacancy. Having a degree is no longer an assurance that you will receive an interview. In fact, it is no longer even an assurance that your application will be read! Drastic action needs to be taken to ensure that you remain head and shoulders above the rest. This guide provides useful hints and tips to help you to know what to expect from any assessment, how to avoid those potential pitfalls and how to prepare and perform effectively.
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Academic achievements Positions of responsibility Projects Work experience Voluntary work Extra-curricular activities (clubs/societies)
It is one thing telling a potential employer that you were the chairperson of the Student Union, but more useful if you describe the skills and responsibilities you learnt, and how these would aid you in their organisation. Dont underestimate the importance of work experience. Remember that work experience is invaluable, even if it seems to bear no relevance to your chosen career. For example, that job at Tesco may have given you an understanding of customer service, handling money, resolving complaints, working under pressure and using your own initiative. This analysis may seem strange, but will help you to see how much you have already achieved, identify the areas you enjoy working in and any areas to develop further before applying for jobs. www.psacareers.co.uk
The recruitment process Minimum requirements Type of scheme Benefits/Rewards Training/Development Variety of experience offered Sponsorship for professional
qualifications 5
Careers service employer Careers guides, e.g. Prospects Company websites Online job boards, e.g. Milkround Search engines, e.g. Google Newspapers and Magazines Careers fairs Speaking to existing employees 6
information files
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PRACTICAL
What is the assessment format? Do I need to prepare? Where is the assessment? How do I get there? What should I take? What is the dress code?
MENTAL
Why do I want this job? Why do I want to work for this What experience and skills do What do I know about the
business environment? I have? organisation?
Have I prepared throroughly? Have I done my research on the Have I practiced answering
questions with friends? job, the organisation and the job industry?
The challenge is to give the assessor the impression that you have done thorough research and are the ideal person for their organisation, without repeating pre-prepared responses parrot-fashion. Make sure that you know enough about the organisation, the role and yourself to think on the spot. www.psacareers.co.uk
Competency Incompetency
Understanding what employers are looking for
Most Graduate employers will assess candidates around certain desired behaviours, or competencies. These allow each candidate to be assessed against an objective set of criteria. Competencies are defined as: Sets of observable behaviours made up of personality traits, abilities, interests and motivation. Organisations usually have details of their competencies on their websites. Although competencies may vary in name across different organisations, fundamentally they may include areas like:
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Before you attend any assessment, identify the competencies and try to predict some general questions which may be asked for each competency. This will enable you to think about an experience you have had which is an example of this competency. It is useful to break down your response into smaller areas. For example.....
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Building a relationship with others Listening to different points of view Encouraging the contribution of others Working towards a common goal
Another useful way of structuring your answers to competency questions is the STAR Method.
Situation: give an example of a situation you were involved in that resulted in a positive outcome. Task: describe the tasks involved in that situation. Action: talk about the various actions involved in the situations task. Results: what results directly followed because of your actions.
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Getting Started
Check the format of the form: Some online forms allow you to scroll through the form, complete certain sections and then return to them at a later date to edit them before submitting. If this is not the case, you need to ensure that you are satisfied with your responses on each page before you proceed to the next. Understand the work involved: Make sure you allow yourself enough time to complete the application. This will prevent you from beginning a form and then realising 5 minutes before the deadline that you have to write a 500 word essay on that organisation! Draft responses before completion: Print out a copy of the form and prepare draft responses in Microsoft Word, then you can spell check and paste each response into the application form. Save a log of answers for future reference: Make sure that each response answers the question and is specific to the organisation. Assessors at PSA Peugeot Citron wont be impressed if your responses describe how you really want to work at Ford!
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Answer all the questions! Make sure you answer the questions in detail rather than giving one word responses. If the question asks Is there anything you would do differently? dont say no! This may be a chance for you to pick up extra marks by suggesting limitations and improvements. Stick to the word count: Assessors may have thousands of forms to mark and may stop reading your response when it reaches the stated word count. Print a copy of the completed form: Keep a record of your responses to help you at interview. Here are a few frequent application worries.....
How many applications should I complete? It can be tempting to cut and paste answers into hundreds of application forms. However, the assessors will be able to filter out those candidates who are motivated for their organisation, from those who are just serial applicants trying their luck with anyone. Spend time completing a smaller number of high quality application forms, for the organisations you would really like to work for. When should I apply? Obviously, you need to apply before the deadline, but does it really make a difference if you apply the night before rather than the first day the advert appears? If it is a rolling recruitment it is advisable to apply earlier, as the organisation may begin to mark applications and carry out interviews before the deadline. You may find that by the time you apply, the majority of positions have already been filled. Should I chase my application? If you are worried about whether your application has been received, call the organisation. If they tell you that they will contact you when they have made a decision, dont keep ringing every day! Dont forget that they probably have hundreds, if not thousands of other forms to mark in addition to yours! www.psacareers.co.uk
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Its not a competition! You will usually be assessed against a specific set of competencies, rather than against the other candidates, so rather than wasting your energy trying to compete against them, make sure you demonstrate the qualities the assessors are looking for. www.psacareers.co.uk
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If there is an overnight stay, or social event included in the Assessment Centre, make the most of this opportunity to meet other candidates, employees and assessors, and to find out more about their own experiences in the organisation.
Psychometric Testing Interview Presentation Group Exercise Role Play In-tray Exercise Personality Questionnaire Social Event
Guidance on how to prepare and perform effectively in all these exercises can be found in the next section of this guide.
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Understanding Psychobabble
Preparing and performing effectively in psychometric tests
For many of us, a long time has passed since we sat Maths and English exams, and to be honest, we have blanked those experiences from our mind, thinking that we would never need to recite Shakespeare or use Pythagoras theorem ever again! Now is the time to dust off those textbooks!
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It is rare that any organisation will tell you how they mark the tests, and if there is negative marking for incorrect responses. However, the best advice is to work as quickly and accurately as you can.
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Snowed under
Coping with the in-tray exercise
The sound of these words probably makes you think of a cramped office with an overflowing, never-ending in-tray and a phone which is constantly ringing. Youve hit the nail on the head! Learning to manage the work effectively is the key to success. In this type of business simulation exercise, you are given a range of memos, messages, reports and correspondence, together with information on the organisation. You will be asked to make decisions on each item, including drafting replies, delegating and recommending action to supervisors. This exercise assesses your problem analysis and judgement skills, together with your communication and resilience. It is a good way to see who can get a grip of the main issues under time pressure. Make sure you manage your time effectively read through all the documents quickly at first, then prioritise the most important information.
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Putting on an act
Remaining focused in the role play
Its not what you think! Role plays are another business simulation exercise, where you are given a particular brief and assigned a role to maintain throughout the exercise. This is usually a 1-on-1 exercise, where the assessor also assumes a role. In some organisations, actors are used while the assessor observes. For example, if you are applying for HR, you may be asked to simulate a review meeting with a poor performer and to decide whether you should take disciplinary action. Assessors are watching the way you analyse the situation in order to get to the bottom of the issue. They also assess the way you express your ideas, whether you develop a relationship with the other person, and the extent to which you are able to influence them.
One word of warning! Dont get so carried away with acting your role that you forget to remain focused on the brief you have been set. It is still YOU who is being assessed.
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Whatever happens, dont be put off or intimidated by a difficult team. Try to get to know people before the exercise begins, and then you can adapt your behaviour to suit the group. Dont try to be someone that you are not. Dont be the leader if youre not comfortable in that situation. Be yourself.
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Presentation Tips
Content Have a clear introduction and conclusion Offer a logical, balanced argument Offer creative solutions to problems Check it matches the brief Language Clear and concise Suited to the audience (slang / jargon) Speak at a suitable volume Vary your pitch and intonation Pause to reflect Preparation Take time to understand the objective Research information thoroughly Dont ignore detailed analysis Identify key issues for discussion
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Visual Aids Keep it simple! Use 4/5 bullet points per slide Practice using the equipment Prepare prompt cards Use current imagery (check logos, products, etc.) Body Language Make eye contact Talk to your audience not your notes Use the space around you Hold notes to stop you fidgeting SMILE! Make sure you follow the golden rule:
Say it!
The secret is to make your presentation stand out. Make sure it is for the right reasons.
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Types of Interview
There are various types of interviews which you may encounter. Here are some tips on how to perform in each scenario. Chronological Interviews These take you through your life to date, and are often based around your CV or application form. They may ask you questions about why you chose your degree subject and the extracurricular activities you pursued. Case Study Interviews You will be set a brief or a problem to solve, and will usually be given a large amount of information to read through and absorb. A good tip is that you are not expected to remember everything and not all the information will be relevant, so concentrate on skimming through the information pack to ensure you have an overall grasp of it, rather than spending hours over one page. Although there is not usually one right answer, the organisation will be assessing how you analyse the problem, sift through the information, identify key issues and develop creative solutions to the problem you have been set. Competency-based Interviews The most common type of interview, the competencybased interview puts the onus on you to provide examples of desirable characteristics, such as teamwork or communication, by referring to previous situations or activities. They will probably reflect the responses you gave on your application form. www.psacareers.co.uk
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Telephone Interviews Many organisations use the telephone interview as an initial screening method, and will usually inform you in advance when they are going to call. Its quite easy not to take a telephone interview seriously. You may think that the assessor wont know if you are sat in your pyjamas watching Big Brother repeats while you read your notes in response to their questions. But in fact you couldnt be more wrong! You need to remain as professional and focused as you would in a face-to-face interview.
Make sure the message on your answer phone is suitable Take your time to think of appropriate answers, rather than reading pre-prepared notes Stick to the point Keep your application by the side of the phone to refer back to Be aware of how you sound practice with a friend
organisation and the role you have applied for Enthusiasm and motivation for their organisation Genuine, logical, clearly communicated responses
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It is important to try to predict the type of questions you will be asked. The interview may consist of:
General Questions
Why are you applying for this job? These are often used as icebreakers at the beginning of an interview, and also to ascertain how motivated you are for the role you have applied for.
Competency Questions
Tell me about a time when you have worked as part of a team The assessor will be looking for a specific example which demonstrates how you personally fit the competency. When preparing for competency-based interviews, follow these stages... Identify the competencies the organisation is looking for Think of possible questions for each competency Think of a specific example from your own experience Break down the example into the main points you want to make
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Whats your biggest weakness? The trick is to remain calm and turn the question around into a positive. It shows that you recognise that while you may not be perfect and have a weakness, you have adapted your working style in order to benefit from it.
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Learning curve
Learning from experience and improving performance
Unless you are extremely lucky, the truth is you may not be successful first time round. Or even the second time. Or the third. It can be difficult at first, but treat each application as a learning experience. Each one is a step closer to your ideal job. Here are some ideas of how to get over those hurdles.
Not getting interviews Dont undersell yourself. Be positive about what you have to offer.
If you are not getting past the application stage, reexamine your application form. Have you:
Answered the questions specifically? Given detailed examples? Demonstrated motivation for the organisation? Demonstrated an understanding of the role? Met the minimum requirements?
Ask a friend to read through your form to see if it is an accurate and fair reflection of how you are.
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Replay the interview in your mind, and make a note of any questions you struggled with. Arrange a mock interview with your local careers service, to identify where you are going wrong and obtain their advice.
Why do I need to be reminded of where I went wrong? I just want to forget it! Take it back a gear and learn from your experience
They recognise the amount of time that you put into your assessment, and want to help you to improve your performance. Feedback is an invaluable part of the assessment process and may highlight small changes which could have an amazing affect on your future performance. They may say things that you dont want to hear, but they are saying them for a reason. Be proud of their compliments, and learn from their suggestions. Only you can turn a negative experience into a positive one for next time. www.psacareers.co.uk
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Desirable but not essential Should I say Im fluent in French in order to get the job?
It can be confusing when job adverts say that it is desirable but not essential to have a particular skill or level of experience. If you have it... fantastic. If not, dont ignore it. Try to sell yourself by describing similar skills. For example, if it asks for GCSE French, but you only have German, tell the assessor that you have demonstrated the ability to learn a foreign language quickly and would welcome the opportunity to develop this skill further.
Salary secrets
Its frustrating when an organisation describes its salary as competitive, but doesnt state the exact figure! Contact the organisation before applying, to check the salary range, but dont raise it at your first interview, as it could seem that salary is the only thing you are bothered about. If you are asked what salary you would accept, put together a reasonable figure based on other salaries you have seen, but emphasise that other areas of the role, i.e. training and progression are also important.
Special circumstances
Let the organisation know before the Assessment Centre if you have any special requirements, e.g. if you have dyslexia or English is not your first language, and then they can make any necessary adjustments to their selection process.
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Passwords Employers may not appreciate having to email someone called fluffy bunny
Make sure that both your password and email address are sensible, as if something goes wrong, you may have to give them to the organisation to access your account, and you will feel a bit embarrassed if the password you have chosen is something you wouldnt happily whisper to your grandma!
Keep a diary
It is useful to keep a log of all the assessments you have attended, and any useful notes from the day. Jot down any tricky questions, then you can prepare responses to them for the next time. CREATIVE TECHNOLOGIE
Inappropriate questions
There is no reason for an assessor to ask you a personal question, like Are you married?, or Which political party do you support? You are completely within your rights to say that you do not feel comfortable answering such questions and do not see their relevance to the position you have applied for.
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Last chance
If an exercise goes horribly wrong, the assessors may ask you how you thought it went. This is your opportunity to turn the situation around. Dont grit your teeth and say that everything went well. Admit where you and the group went wrong, and how you would improve the situation next time.
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PSA Peugeot Citron Pinley House, 2 Sunbeam Way, Coventry, CV3 1ND Tel: 02476 884000 Email: resourcing@mpsa.com