Fluent Meshing 14.5 L03 Boundary Fix

Lecture 3: Boundary Mesh Tools
14.5 Release
Introduction to ANSYS Fluent Meshing

2011 ANSYS, Inc. December 21, 2012 1
Introduction
To grow a high quality Tet or Hexcore volume mesh, Fluent Meshing needs as input a high quality, watertight boundary mesh Boundary modification tools exist to allow the user to arrive at such an input boundary mesh. Boundary Tools allow you to: Diagnose and locate problems with the boundary mesh Fix problems with the boundary mesh Improve and refine the boundary mesh
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Agenda
Boundary Mesh Definitions

Diagnosing problems with a boundary mesh
Visual diagnostics Quantitative diagnostics Advanced diagnostics
Tools for macro repair i.e. at boundary level Tools for micro repair i.e. at node/facet level Refinement of surface meshes Manipulation of surface meshes
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Agenda

Tools for macro repair i.e. at boundary level Tools for micro repair i.e. at node/facet level Manipulation of surface meshes
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Fluent Meshing has a terminology to describe surface mesh, mesh quality and
boundary operations
These terms include:
Face and Boundary zones
Edge zones
Free and multiply connected edges Mesh quality measures such as skewness Delaunay violations and Swapping

All of these refer to the boundaries of the fluid region Boundary Boundary zone Face
Feature lines extracted from exhaust manifold geometry
Face zone
An edge zone refers to a group of edges of the mesh elements which form the defining features of the face zones
Can be based upon a sharp change in angle or the boundary between
Face Zones
Also called edge loops or feature lines Used for remeshing or imprinting operations among others
Agenda

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Visual Diagnostics 1 Face Quality

The Display Grid panel allows the visualization of nodes, faces or cells Multiple options available for the display of all, free or multiple or high skewness faces
High skewness faces in red, displayed with the full mesh, by selecting the All and Quality options and setting the Minimum skewness to 0.9
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Visual Diagnostics 2 Free Faces

Free edges are mesh edges which form the boundary of only one mesh face.
For a water tight boundary, the edges should be connected to two triangles or quadrilaterals. Can be due to holes in the mesh or zero thickness walls (baffles or fins)
Free nodes are the nodes bounding the free edges.
Faces with free edges (blue) will show the presence of holes or zero thickness geometry
Free edges due to a hole in the mesh (needs to be repaired)

Free edges on a fin in a duct (no repair required)
Visual Diagnostics 3 Multi Faces

Multiply connected edges are mesh edges which form the
boundary of more than two mesh faces.

Most edges should be connected to two quads/tris Can be due to intersection of multiple face zones (t-junctions) or meshing errors
Multiply connected faces can be visualised to see if they are valid or a

problem Faces with multiply connected edges (yellow) are connected to more than two boundaries
Valid T-Junction
Invalid collapsed faces
Quantitative Diagnostics Surface Mesh

Surface Mesh Quality
The chief measure of triangular surface mesh quality is skewness 0 is a perfect equilateral triangle, 1 is completely degenerate
Skewness = 0 Skewness = 0.98
Max tri skewness should be ~< 0.9 to get a valid tet mesh Max tri skewness should aim to be < 0.8 to get a good quality tet mesh with tet skewness < 0.9 In general, the further you drop tri max skew the better the quality of the tet mesh. E.g. Max skew < 0.5 would give excellent tet quality ~ < 0.8 skew and generally very good solver convergence
Tools for Mesh Inspection

Report Face Limits: Calculate the
maximum skewness of selected face zones
Report Face Limits
Plot Histogram of Face quality

Distribution:
Display Plot Face Distribution
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Agenda

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Merge Boundary Nodes

Boundary mesh requires connecting up into a water-tight region before volume meshing some surfaces may not be connected e.g. meshes could have been appended therefore are disconnected Eliminate free edges by merging free nodes. Set a tolerance distance using either an absolute value or as a percentage of shortest connected edge length.
Free nodes with distance less than the tolerance will be merged. Percentage of shortest edge length is useful for CFD surface meshes
Merge Nodes
User can choose to connect up non-free nodes also by deselecting only free nodes When nodes are poorly matched the aggressive Boundary -> Mesh -> Faceted Stitch command can be used
Disconnected CAD surfaces could lead to free faces at the join
Effect of Merging Free Nodes

Before free nodes were merged
After free nodes are merged with tolerance of 0.011
Merge Nodes
Left and right faces of the cube are disconnected. There is a gap of 0.01 here so a node merge with a very small tolerance would not succeed.
All faces of the cube are now connected no free edges
Faceted Stitch
Repair surfaces having internal cracks or very poorly mismatched facets using Faceted Stitch
Different from node merge in that triangles can be

split to add nodes
You can specify an appropriate Tolerance value

within which the free edges will be stitched.
The faceted stitching operation is available only for

triangular boundaries.
Warning: Large tolerances can cause faceted stitch

to collapse geometry, especially for STL where lots of triangles are very high aspect ratio. Use conservative tolerances (~0.01) and gradually increase to remove free faces. Always inspect as Before and after faceted stitch operation you go to ensure geometry remains valid.
Improving Boundary Mesh

Improving Boundary mesh involves:
Eliminate Delaunay violations by swapping Eliminate high skewness faces by smoothing Removing distortions in surface mesh by projecting face zones
Remeshing or retriangulating face zones

Generally, boundary mesh improvement is done in two steps: 1. Smooth/improve boundaries Globally (or at a boundary-level)
to reduce [possibly large numbers of] poor skewness cells to a minimum
automatically
2.
Smooth/improve boundaries Locally (or at a nodal-level)

to reduce [small numbers of] poor skewness cells to a minimum manually
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Automatic Boundary Improve Operations

A number of automatic boundary-level commands can be utilized to improve surface mesh quality Boundary
Mesh
Improve...
Choose boundaries and then

Improve Smooth Swap to try to drop max quality below specified Quality Limit Geometric features are protected by the parameter Angle increasing Angle allows more freedom for the improvement algorithms to change surface mesh
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Boundary Improve (1)

Boundary Improve Panel Boundary Mesh Improve...
Improve allows you to improve the selected zones
based on the Quality Measure. Quality Limit specifies the quality limit for the improvement operation. All elements above the specified quality limit will be acted upon. Angle specifies the maximum allowable angle between two adjacent face normals above which smoothing cannot occur Iterations specifies the number of improving attempts. Preserve Boundary allows you to disallow nodal movement for nodes on edge loops i.e. preserve feature edges
Angle above which smooth/swap/improve cannot occur. This will preserve critical features and disallow movement from geometry!
Boundary Improve (2)

Very small triangles can be collapsed en masse using Improve by Area When using Min Absolute Size users should preview their selection using the Size option in the Display Grid panel to view the faces with area below the selected threshold Once satisfied with threshold Collapse can be done successfully Recommend to save mesh before Apply
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Boundary Smooth
Boundary Improve
Boundary Mesh Improve... Smooth allows you to improve the selected zones by smoothing. Max Angle specifies the maximum allowable angle between two
adjacent face normals.
Iterations specifies the

number of smoothing attempts.
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Delaunay Violations and Swapping

A Delaunay violation occurs if a node of a triangle lies inside an adjacent triangles circumcircle.
E.g. Long and thin triangles which have high skewness
Poor Skewness
Edge Swapping is typically used to remove the Delaunay violations.

Replace or Swap the diagonal of the quadrilateral formed by the two triangles with the other diagonal
SWAP
Many tools in Fluent Meshing automatically detect and remove Delaunay violations using edge swapping while preserving features
Boundary Swap
Boundary Improve
Boundary Mesh Improve... Swap allows you to improve the selected zones by edge swapping. Skew reports the face with the
maximum skewness and the corresponding skewness value in the Fluent Meshing console.
Limits reports the minimum

and maximum face area for the zone(s) selected in the Tri Boundary Zones selection list.
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Effect of Swap Face Edges
Before edge swapping
After edge swapping
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Demo of Boundary Improve Tools

Open boundary mesh Display histogram of quality and show max skewness with compute Display poor quality faces Use Boundary Improve tools swap, smooth, improve
Show new quality histogram

Update display of poor quality faces Save surface mesh
Agenda

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Repairing Boundary Mesh Repairing a boundary mesh involves:
Eliminating free (disconnected) edges by

merging free nodes
Closing holes in the surface mesh

Deleting incorrect, multiply connected
faces/edges
Connecting up intersecting or overlapping face

zones which pass through one another
Modify Boundary (1)

This panel allows you to do primitive operations on the boundary mesh with individual nodes, edges, faces, cells or zones. Filter select what type of entity you wish to pick with RMB click Any entities selected appear in the Selections list Entities can be added manually by typing their name into the Enter Selection field and pressing <Enter> Click on appropriate button in the Operation section to modify boundary mesh
When working with Boundary Modify primitive commands, the user has full power to modify the geometry feature edges are not protected. Merge Nodes cannot be undone.
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Modify Boundary (1)

This panel allows you to step through problem areas (skew or marked faces) and fix manually
Click on First -> Graphics will display a zoom on the face with the highest skewness (must be displayed in the Display -> Grid panel)
Next Skew will step to the face with the next highest skewness Reset Skew will reset the skewness value back to the highest skewness Mark allows you to cycle through any premarked faces instead of by quality
At each step the user can use any Operation available to fix the problem
Modify Boundary: Operations

Create: create nodes, faces, zones Merge: merge pairs of nodes, faces Collapse: Collapse nodes, edge or face into a single node. Move To: move nodes to selected positions
Rezone: move faces to new boundary zone

Smooth: smooth nodes and zones Split: split edges and faces Swap: swap edges
Clear: Remove the selected object(s) from the Selections section.

Delete: Delete the selected object(s) from the model. Undo: Undo the previous operation. Move By: Move selected object by a specified distance. Centroid: Find the centroid of the selected object.
Distance: Find distance between the selected objects.

Set: Set a line or a plane for use with the Project operation. Project: Project all selected nodes onto a set line or plane.
Shortcuts for Operations and Filters

Esc : Deselect last Ctrl + A : Auto Scale F1 : Auto-scale, scale the image so that it fits graphics window Ctrl + C : Cell Filter Ctrl + D : Compute Distance F2 : Deselect ALL F3 : Right mouse button, toggle mouse probe or mouse dolly F4 : Right mouse button, mouse probe select or polygon F5 : Create F6 : Smooth node F7 : Split (face / edge) F8 : Swap edge F9 : Merge nodes F10 : Show next skewed face F12 : Undo : Increase Display Bounds : Decrease Display Bounds : Zoom to next skewed face : Reset Skewed Faces Ctrl + E : Edge Filter Ctrl + F : Face Filter Ctrl + H : Print This Help Ctrl + L: Centroid/Node Coordinates
Ctrl + N : Node Filter

Ctrl + O : Rezone Ctrl + P : Project Ctrl + R : Repair selected zones* Ctrl + S : Set Plane or Line
Ctrl + V : Move
Ctrl + W : Delete Without Confirm Ctrl + X : Position Filter Ctrl + Z : Zone Filter Ctrl + ~ : Collapse
*Advanced usage (tgsetvar! hole/separate-thread? #t) puts each patched surface into separate face zone (tgsetvar! hole/remesh? #t) remeshes new surfaces with CFD mesh
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Demo of Boundary Improve Tools

Open boundary mesh Display poor quality faces Use Boundary Modify tools to march through skewed faces using swap, smooth etc to fix Show how each tool works (undo, rezone, set, project etc)
Update display of poor quality faces

Save surface mesh
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Demo of Boundary Modification Tools
*Can watch in slideshow mode

Agenda

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User Defined Groups

User Defined Groups can be created to ease boundary selections when working on large models with long lists of boundary zones
Boundary -> Zone -> Group

Ability to create Face (or Edge) Boundary Groups
The groups will be added to the standard Face Zone Groups in all Boundary
Panels
Ability to Activate groups
Only the Face Zones in the groups will appear in all Boundary Panels
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Boundary Separate
Two boxes in a single Boundary Zone
Box1
Box2
After Separate by Region
Various options exist to separate boundary zones
After Box1 separated by angle of 90 deg
After Box2 separated by selected face seed and angle of 90 deg

Manage Face Zones

The Boundary Manage panel allows operations on selected face zones such as:
Change (Boundary Condition) type of zone (wall, inlet, outlet etc.) Copy zones Delete zones Merge zones, where master decided by
Alphabetical order Largest zone
Rename
Rename individual zones Change Prefix for multiple zones
Flip Normals:
Reverses direction for growing prisms/pyramids from the face zones
Orient normals within zones Rotate Scale

Note that scaling by -1, 1, 1 would reflect about X etc
Translate List will print to the console information about the current selection including zone type, ID
number, # of elements, face types present (quad, tri or mixture)
Zone Creation
Fluent Meshing has some useful tools to create simple geometries
Bounding box Plane surface Cylinder (includes frustrum and annular cap) Swept surface (from feature edges) Periodic
Traditional Workflow
See appendix for further details
New Workflow
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Triangulate
The Triangulate Zones panel enables triangulation by splitting of quad zones
Quad zones not supported by wrapper
options Option to replace existing zone or to create new zone
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Intersect Boundary Zones

Intersect Boundary Zones is used to connect overlapping or disconnected tri zones.
Tolerance sets the maximum distance between nodes for the operation.
Three operations are available:
Intersect: Intersect the boundaries that are touching each other but are non-conformal
with distance between them less than the Tolerance.
Join: Connect overlapping surfaces. Stitch: Connect two surfaces, at their free edges, by specifying required Tolerance value.
Other options:
Absolute tolerance
Default tolerance is relative based on local cell size
Refine the resulting zones

When size difference is large (robust)
Separate the overlapping

area into another zone
Should essentially always be used
Intersection Example Two Cylinders
Intersect
Intersect and Refine
Connects cylinders
Two inter-penetrating or intersecting cylinders which are not nodally conformal

Connects cylinders and refines growth
Intersect
Before After
Boundaries are now connected
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Intersect and Separate

Before After
Boundaries are separated
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Intersect and Separate with Refine

Before After
Boundaries are refined
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Typical Usage of Intersection Tools

Intersection tools are useful to connect meshes together at the points of intersection
E.g. insert plane with symmetry into a hemisphere attach body to symmetry plane or cut body in half with a symmetry plane
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Typical Usage of Intersection Tools

Intersection tools are useful to connect meshes together at the points of intersection
E.g. insert car into a wind tunnel attach wheels to the ground
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Summary
The boundary mesh generally determines success of volume mesh generation and resulting quality of volume mesh Boundary meshes may need to be repaired and improved before volume mesh generation
Fix Free nodes, large size changes, high skewness, etc
Fluent Meshing includes boundary modification tools which allow

Checking of boundary mesh for problems such as Holes which shouldnt be there -> visualise free faces Multiply connected edges which shouldnt be there -> visualise multiple faces Poor quality/small faces -> Visualise poor/small quality faces Repair and improve the boundary mesh on a macro and/or micro level Create simple primitives and planar surfaces
Manipulate boundary zones

Appendix Boundary Modification Further Detail & Advanced Usage

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Mesh Quality Measures

The chief measure of mesh quality for tet elements is the Tri/Tet Skewness Method
deviation of the area of the triangle from that of an ideal (equilateral) face or cell which would fit into its circumcircle.
Skewness = Ideal face area Actual face area Ideal face area actual face optimal (equilateral) face circumcircle
Equilateral Volume Deviation Measures the degree of
Normalized Equiangle Deviation Measures the

degree of deviation of the internal angles of the mesh face from an ideal face with equal internal angles.
0 best
1 worst
Skewness is plotted on a scale of 0 (good) to 1 (bad or degenerate element)
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Other Measures for Mesh Quality

Size Change smoothness of area/volume change for boundary/volume mesh respectively Edge Ratio Ratio of longest edge length to shortest edge length
Aspect Ratio Width to height ratio (convention in Tgrid flat cells have high AR, tall cells have low AR)
Squish Measures the non-orthogonality of a cell with respect to its faces.
Warp Applies only to quad elements and quantifies the deviation from a best-fit plane containing the element.
Dihedral Angle The angle between the planes at the apex of a pyramid or at the corners of a tetrahedron. Orthoskew Measure of the angle between the vector connecting the centroid of the cell to the centroid of the face and the face normal
Insert Edge Zone Connecting Meshes (1)

The Intersect, Stitch, and Join operations will remesh both surfaces The insert-edge-zone TUI command will connect meshes while remeshing only one of the surfaces
Wedge Volume Mesh
This tool is needed to connect surface meshes to volume meshes or other surface meshes. E.g. we have the ability to connect a structured hex mesh into a triangular surface mesh before filling the tri shell with unstructured mesh
Wrapper surface
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Insert Edge Zone Connecting Meshes (2)

1. BoundaryFeatures Create Edge loop you wish to use to use to connect > rad-out__9 in this case (edge zone ID is 9) To perform the connection between the yellow zone (rad-out) and the red zone (wrapper) we use the following TUI command:
/boundary/remesh/insert-edge-zone 9 wrapper ,
2.
This forces the zone wrapper to conform to the specified edge loop. Note that sometimes edge loops may require separation to extract the portion you wish to imprint.
Proximity Marking and Overlapping Zones

Faces in close proximity can be marked and displayed using the command:
/boundary/mark-face-proximity
A TUI command is also available to remesh overlapping zones: /boundary/remesh/remesh-overlapping-zones
Note: If there is gap between them, you can project one zone onto the other first.
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Create Bounding Box

The bounding box is useful to create an external box around a complex model.
Compute will calculate the size of the box based on selected face zones Specify the dimensions as Absolute or Relative to the previously calculated values
For Example: Compute first, then change to relative and add 100 in each dimension, will create a box with a 100 unit cushion in each dirn
Specify the Mesh Size using Edge Length Draw will allow you to preview the dimensions of the box graphically Click on Create to create the box.
Create Cylinder (1)

Boundary Create Cylinder... In some cases, you may want to create a cylinder within the existing geometry (e.g., creating an MRF zone for problems involving moving parts such as rotating blades or impellers). Fluent Meshing allows you to create a cylindrical surface and mesh it using triangular cells.
2 Axis Locations allows you to specify the locations ( X Pos, Y Pos, Z Pos) of the points P1 and P2, defining the cylinder axis or using Select Points to pick them from the geometry
2 Axis Nodes allows you to specify the nodes corresponding to the points defining the cylinder axis. Radius specifies the radius of the cylinder to be created.
Edge Length specifies the size of the cells to be created for the cylindrical surface mesh.
Caps allows user to choose to create the circular end parts or not. For gap filling sometimes only curved surface is required. Preview allows you to preview graphically the cylinder to be created.
Create Cylinder
Closing an annular narrow gap using Cylinder Panel
Easer to close annular region New option
3 arc +1 Height node
Click on Select nodes Pick three nodes on one circle Pick one node on the other Adjust Edge length Un-tick caps Include Objects Preview Create
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Swept surface (available only in 3D)

Boundary Create Swept surface...
Swept surface uses an edge zone to sweep it into a face zone
Select Edge Zones from the pull-down list

Parameters to be defined:
Total Distance specifies the total distance through

which the edge is to be projected.
No. of Offsets specifies the number of interval counts

of the total distance.
Vector specifies the direction in which the selected

edge is to be swept.
Split Quad Faces toggles the creation of tri/quad faces

for the swept surface.
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Create Plane Surface

The Plane Surface tool is useful for
Plugging holes or gaps in the model before wrapping or as a tool to cut symmetry plane Options using Axis Direction
Specify the axis normal to the plane Specify the Location and on the Axis. Compute will calculate the size of the plane based on selected face zones.
Options using Point

Click on Select Points The panel opens and three points can be selected using right-mouse button
Common options
Edge length dictates the mesh size Draw will create a preview of the face Scale +/- can grow or shrink the face Click on Create to create the surface.
Refine Boundary Zones

The Refine Boundary Zones panel is used to refine the boundary mesh based on Proximity or on Region.
Region: Defined using the Local Refinement Mesh

panel.
Max Face Size is based on the Max Cell Size set in the panel.
Proximity: refinement based on proximity.

Example of refinement using proximity
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Feature Modify
Feature Modify is used to extract and modify geometric features, i.e. the edge zones or edge loops, bounding the surface mesh. This is critical for meshing algorithms which create surfaces which must adhere to features i.e. surface remeshing, cutcell and surface wrapper Key Option:
Create: Extract the edge zones from face zones based on fixed angle (default 40 degree feature angle) or semiintelligent adaptive angle criteria.
Select Boundaries Choose option Create Choose Angle Criterion Hit Apply
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Apply
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Surface Retriangulation
Surface Retriangulation allows the user to remesh face zones using edge zones as a starting point.
1. Create feature lines or edge zones from selected face zones using Fixed or Adaptive angle. 2. Choose whether to invoke Advanced Size Functions to apply smoother growth rates and allow refinement by e.g. curvature and proximity. 3. Click Remesh to remesh a selected face zone
3.
1.
2.
Note that remeshed faces are new, disconnected face zones and nodes must be merged prior to volume meshing
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Sizing Functions for Retriangulation

Global Controls Define the overall Min, Max size as well as the global
growth rate.
Size Function Types Curvature: Specify Min, Max size, Max Angle between
normals and Growth Rate. (Can be applied to edge or face zones.) Proximity: As above except you specify the number of cells per gap instead of the max angle between normals. (Can be applied to edge or face zones.) Meshed: The size is determined from the mesh size on the geometry (not suitable for CAD STL). (Can be applied to edge or face zones.) Soft: Specify the Max size and the growth rate. The local size is allowed get smaller based on other size functions (e.g. curvature and proximity). (Can be applied to edge or face zones.) Hard: Specify a fixed min size for the zone. The local size fixed and is not allowed to get smaller or larger. (Can be applied to edge or face zones.) BOI (Body of Influence): Select a zone from the list of zones to serve as a body of influence. Defines the max size of cells within that volumetric region and acts as an arbitrarily shaped refinement region for capture of flow features such as turbulent wakes. (Can be applied to face zones, generally forming a closed volume).
Curvature Size Function for Retriangulation

Curvature size function examines curvature on edges and faces and computes sizes such that size obeys min, max, normal angle and growth rate settings.
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Face Proximity for Retriangulation

This example shows a set of surfaces being remeshed with differing number of cells per gap using the proximity size function.
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Sizing Functions for Surface Retriangulation Face Proximity

Face Boundary: allows you to compute the shell proximity (edge-edge proximity within each face) Face Face: allows you to compute the proximity between two faces in the face zone(s) selected. This will lead to varying size within a face. This is CPU-intensive. Ignore Self: allows you to ignore faceface proximity between faces in same zone. This option is available only when the Face - Face option is enabled. Ignore Orientation: allows you to ignore the orientation of face normals when the proximity size function is processed. This option is available only when the Face Face option is enabled.
Proximity Size Function Ignore Orientation

In this example normals point inwards
With ignore orientation OFF the remeshed surface is not refined along the groove length
With ignore orientation ON the remeshed surface is refined along the groove length
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Soft and Hard Size Functions for Retriangulation

Hard size function sets fixed size and soft size function sets a max size on an object as shown in this simple example
Curvature and proximity can cause refinement
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Meshed Size Function for Retriangulation

Meshed size function allows us to take the sizes based on sizes given on zones already present In the below example a Meshed SF is applied to the grey zone and the adjacent green zone is remeshed to grow smoothly from that sizing.
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Feature Modify Advanced Options

Feature Modify is also used to manipulate edge zones if required (advanced usage)
Manipulate edge zones:

Delete, Group, UnGroup, Reverse, Orient, Separate or Merge selected edge zones.
Other Options:
Remesh: Remesh edge zones as a precursor to remeshing the face zones. Project: project the edge zone onto another face zone. Intersect: Intersect overlapping edge zones.
Options to remesh edge zones:

Legacy options: Constant: constant spacing Arithmetic: linearly varying spacing Geometric: spacing varies in geometric progression New (recommended) option: Size Function: user can specify more complex sizing using curvature, proximity, etc.
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Proximity-based Refinement
Zones which are close together can be refined by the proximity-based refinement using either the Refine Boundary Zones panel or the TUI command: /boundary/refine/auto-refine. This operation refines all adjacent faces in the same domain close to the refined zones. The TUI command provides more control of the refinement process: /boundary/refine/auto-refine
zone id/name [ ] 1
Iterations [5] Relative Distance [1]
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Project Face Zone

A selected face zone can be projected onto a target boundary zone using the Project Face Zones panel.
This is useful for reducing gaps between nonconformal interfaces and for boundary mesh manipulations (project and retriangulate).
Methods:
Normal (Normal to a face zone) Direction (x,y,z)
Closest (Closest point on face zone)
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Beta Features Surface Retriangulation

By default the GUI and TUI only allow a single boundary to be remeshed at a time user must provide one boundary and its attached edge loops for remeshing
Beta hidden TUI command useful for scripting is:
(ti-remesh-multiple-threads) Allows remeshing of multiple zones at once rather than one by one
By default any feature edges present when the above TUI command is used remain fixed i.e. Edges will not be remeshed and it is assumed the size functions set for remeshing surfaces agree with the edge mesh!
To invoke edge remeshing as well
(tgsetvar! 'surfer/implicit-edge-remesh? #t) to enable remesh edges (tgsetvar! 'surfer/implicit-edge-remesh? #f) to disable remesh edges NOTE: Adjacent boundary edge threads are not connected and after remeshing can have mis-matched nodes. A combination of large tolerance node-merge and faceted stitch can be used to work around this current limitation.
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BOI Size Function for Retriangulation

BOI size functions can be used to limit the boundary mesh size within a volumetric region In the example below the surface mesh is remeshed with a BOI restricting the growth at the rear of the car on the symmetry plane
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Separate Boundary Zones

Often we wish to separate boundaries for setting boundary conditions in the solver or specifying mesh properties The Separate Face Zones panel is used to separate a single face zone into multiple zones of the same type. Six different options available for separation:
Angle : separates faces with normal vectors that differ by an angle equal to or greater than the specified significant angle into different zones
Separate by Angle of 90
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Neighbour : separates faces whose adjacent cells belong to different cell zones
Fluid zone 1
Fluid zone 2
Zone containing faces lying between two fluid zones
Region : separates non-contiguous boundary face zones (i.e. zones that are split into two
or more isolated groups) into multiple zones
Because of free nodes
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Mark : separates faces that have been marked inside volumetric
regions using Define... into a new zone.
Zone separated by mark
Shape : Separate faces based on element shape (triangles and

quadrilaterals in different zones.
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Seed : Separate faces using on a
selected face (or Face Seed) and an angle or edge loop.
Seed triangle
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Fluent Meshing 14.5 L03 Boundary Fix

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Fluent Meshing 14.5 L03 Boundary Fix

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Lecture 3: Boundary Mesh Tools

Introduction to ANSYS Fluent Meshing

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December 21, 2012

Boundary Mesh Definitions

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Boundary Mesh Definitions

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December 21, 2012

Boundary Mesh Definitions

Boundary Mesh Definitions

Boundary Mesh Definitions

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Visual Diagnostics 1 Face Quality

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Visual Diagnostics 2 Free Faces

Free edges due to a hole in the mesh (needs to be repaired)

Free edges on a fin in a duct (no repair required)

Visual Diagnostics 3 Multi Faces

boundary of more than two mesh faces.

Multiply connected faces can be visualised to see if they are valid or a

Invalid collapsed faces

Quantitative Diagnostics Surface Mesh

Tools for Mesh Inspection

Plot Histogram of Face quality

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Boundary Mesh Definitions

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Merge Boundary Nodes

Disconnected CAD surfaces could lead to free faces at the join

Effect of Merging Free Nodes

All faces of the cube are now connected no free edges

Different from node merge in that triangles can be

You can specify an appropriate Tolerance value

The faceted stitching operation is available only for

Warning: Large tolerances can cause faceted stitch

Improving Boundary Mesh

Remeshing or retriangulating face zones

Smooth/improve boundaries Locally (or at a nodal-level)

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Automatic Boundary Improve Operations

Choose boundaries and then

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Boundary Improve (1)

Boundary Improve (2)

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Iterations specifies the

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Delaunay Violations and Swapping

Edge Swapping is typically used to remove the Delaunay violations.

Limits reports the minimum

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Effect of Swap Face Edges

Before edge swapping

After edge swapping