ADME Tox Market

Adme/Tox Technologies Global Market Size
Scope of the Study

This report gives an insight into ADME/Tox technologies. The report covers introduction to ADME/Tox methods including High Throughput Screening and Predictive Technologies such as In vivo, In vitro and In silico. The study includes estimates and projections for the total global ADME/Tox market. Projections and estimates are also illustrated by region and by technology. The report serves as a guide to ADME/Tox industry, as it covers more than 540 companies that are engaged in ADME/Tox studies/screening, products and services. Major Contract Research Organizations serving ADME/Tox industry are also covered in the corporate directory section of this report. Information related to recent product releases, product developments, partnerships, collaborations, and mergers and acquisitions is also covered in the report. This report covers both products and services used in the ADME/Tox industry. Since ADME/Tox is an essential tool in drug discovery procedures, the drug discovery markets are also discussed in brief. Related technologies such as High Throughput Screening (HTS), and cell based assays are also analyzed. This report also attempts a glance at biotechnology industry. ADME/Tox Technologies report is an ideal research tool providing strategic business intelligence to the corporate sector. This report may help strategists, investors, laboratories, pharmaceutical companies, contract research organizations, biotechnology companies and drug approval authorities in understanding the following market factors:

Comprehending Key Market Drivers Gauging Competitive Intelligence Identifying Key Growth Areas and Opportunities Understanding Geographic Relevance to Product Knowing Regional Market Sizes and Growth Opportunities and Restraints Keeping Tab on Emerging Technologies Equity Analysis Tapping New Markets
RITMIR001: ADME/Tox Technologies A Market Insight Report, Jan 2014 RI Technologies - www.researchimpact.com
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Analytics and data presented in this report pertain to several parameters such as

Global And Regional Market Sizes, Market Shares, Market Trends Product (Global And Regional) Market Sizes, Market Shares, Market Trends Technology Trends Corporate Intelligence Key Companies By Sales, Brands, Products Consumer Behavioral Patterns Other Strategic Business Affecting Data
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Research Methodology
RI Technologies publishes business intelligence reports by going through a cycle of diligent research and analysis activity. Research is done using both online and offline resources. The study outline of this report is sketched on the following lines global market analysis, regional market analysis, product segmentation, Global and regional market analysis by product segment, market trends, M&A, R&D, competitive landscape, technology trends, and other key drivers. Current data helps in analyzing the future of the industry and is also helpful for doing market evaluations, and estimating the market size for the future. This report is uniquely researched and the methodology includes:

Need and Scope of Study Product Definitions Segmental Analysis Regional Analysis Exclusive Data Analytics Corporate Intelligence Feedback
Right from concept to final compilation of this report, both primary and secondary research methods are applied. We have provided exclusive feedback forms/pre-release questionnaires for this report to use the information for authentication of our own findings. Secondary research includes government publications, investment research reports, web based surveys, website information of both companies and markets, and other offline resources such as print publications and CDs. Our compilation of easy to navigate PDF reports are essential value addition resources for leading and growing companies.
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II. REPORT SYNOPSIS

ADMET technologies play an important role in determining pharmacokinetic and toxicology properties of a new drug candidate in preclinical stage of the drug discovery process. ADME is at present a confirmed and indispensable part of coordinated drug discovery and development programs. It furnishes important data to facilitate iterative chemistry, target discovery and biological procedures on which pipelines are dependent upon. ADME-toxicology is also known as ADMET or ADME/Tox. It is an instrument for drug discovery. It is used for assessing the pharmacological activity or pharmacological toxicity of a drug. It could be performed either in vitro or in vivo. To obtain ADME analysis, the detection systems and assay kits are immensely useful. Presently ADME analysis can also be performed by high throughput automated workstations. Typically ADME/Tox (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and Toxicology) is defined as follows:
Absorption
Absorption determines the compounds bioavailability. Oral delivery is the most desirable route of drug administration. The effective gastrointestinal absorption of an orally administered drug is one of the key factors for its bioavailability, and the rate of Absorption mainly depends upon the surface area of the intestine.
Distribution
Distribution refers to the passage of the drug to the every tissue of the body depending upon the particle size by the process of filtration, diffusion and osmosis. The extent of drug distributed in the body is referred to as Volume of Distribution.
Metabolism
The definition of metabolism is the processing of a particular substance inside the living body. Compounds start to disintegrate immediately after entering the living body. A substantial part of the small-molecule drug metabolism is performed within the liver by redox enzymes. These redox enzymes are known as cytochrome P450 enzymes. When the process of metabolism takes place, the original compound which has entered the body, gets transformed into new compounds.
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The new compounds are called metabolites. The metabolites soon become pharmacologically inactive. At that point in time, metabolism inhibits the dose of the original drug that was dispensed. As this deactivation process advances there is a reduction of the effects on the body. Intermittently, it will be observed, that the metabolites could be pharmacologically active. The metabolites may become more active than the original drug that was administered.
Excretion
Excretion or elimination may be described as the process of discharging metabolic waste from the organs, tissues or blood. The compounds and the metabolites of the compounds have to be necessarily eliminated from the body. The process is termed as excretion. The excretion via kidneys is through urine. The waste matter eliminated via the bowels is feces. It is imperative that excretion is thorough. If not, the aggregation of foreign substances tends to negatively affect regular and functional metabolism. Drug excretion takes place via three sites. They are as follows: 1. The most essential site is the kidneys through which drug excretion occurs. The waste matter is eliminated through the urine. 2. Fecal excretion and biliary excretion, that is, relating to bile, is initiated in the liver. The waste matter then is transported through the guts and the last part of the process is the excretion through the feces. 3. The third method of excretion is via the lungs. The lungs are used by the body to eliminate organic anesthetic gases.
Toxicity
Toxicity refers to the degree to what extent a substance or matter or the combination of matter can endanger humans. There are two basic toxicities - chronic toxicity and acute toxicity. Chronic toxicity harms over an extended period, is generally repeated and continues. Acute toxicity causes harmful effects over a short period of time.
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Significant Methods for ADME/Tox

Predictive Technologies
Predictive ADME/Tox technologies include:

In Vivo In Vitro In Silico
Related ADME/Tox Methods

High Throughput Screening (HTS) Primary Screening Secondary Screening Biochemical Assays Cell-based Assays High Content Screening
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ADME/Tox Technologies Global Market Analysis

Growing at a healthy compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of XX.XX % during the analysis period (20052020), global ADME/Tox Technologies market is projected to reach US$ XX.XX billion by 2020 from an estimated US$ XX.XX billion in 2012. Exhibit 1. ADME/Tox Technologies Global Value Market Estimations and Predictions (2005-2020) in US$ Million
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In Vitro ADME/Tox An Emerging Technology

In vitro ADME/Tox technologies are likely to have slow development as they have to rely on innovative and new ideas. In vivo methods that have well developed In vivo alternatives are easiest to replace. Other In vivo techniques that provide toxicity information, not easily comprehensible, will be more difficult to replace. The mapping of the human genome and the oncoming of computational techniques has greatly increased the utility of In vitro methods. In vitro technology is largely used to predict whole body kinetics and drug to drug interactions. Factors such as genotypes, age, ethnicity, disease, etc. are taken into consideration to root out potential drug compound failures. Early In vitro toxicity screening helps in eradication of failure compounds very early.
Global Market Analysis

The worldwide In vitro ADME/Tox market is estimated at US$ XX.XX million in 2012. Registering a CAGR of XX.XX % during the analysis period, the market is projected to be worth US$ XX.XX million by 2020. With an estimated market share of XX.XX % in 2012, the US represents the largest market for In vitro ADME/Tox with market worth US$ XX.XX million. The US is projected to reach US$ XX.XX million by 2020 by growing at a CAGR of XX.XX % during 2005-2020 to retain the leadership. Canada is expected to be the fastest growing market, while Europe represents second fastest growing as well as second largest market with a share of XX.XX % in 2010.
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Exhibit 2. In Vitro ADME/Tox Technologies Global Value Market Estimations and Predictions (20052020) in US$ Million for United States, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Canada and Rest of World
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Exhibit 3. List of Major Global In Vivo Companies*
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III. MARKET DYNAMICS

New technologies in ADME/Tox have evolved from diverse scientific disciplines. The toughest challenge is to integrate several successful features and enable pharmaceutical companies to benefit and reap profits in the future. Though some of the concepts in this industry are still in infant stages, the data generated from other relevant sources can be used to close the gaps. Pharmaceutical companies realize the potential of ADME/Tox technologies and are trying more than before to incorporate innovative procedures to reduce drug attrition rates and lessen the burden of costs and save precious time. Strategic partnerships between pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies are the order of the day, and the trend is increasing globally. Another significant trend is the alliance between Pharma and Biotech companies and information technology companies such as Microsoft, IBM, Oracle, Sun, and Infosys, etc. The computer platforms generated by such companies help managing and analyzing the huge amounts of data produced from ADME/Tox technologies such as High Throughput Screening (HTS) and other computational techniques. Effective R&D strategy involves efficient data management and implementation plans. The new technologies promise improved efficacy, decreased toxicity in patients, and reduced time frames and expenditures.
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Global Pharmaceutical Cell Based Screening Market

The size of pharmaceutical cell-based screening market was an estimated US$ XX.XX billion in 2012. This market is expected to reach US$ XX.XX billion by the year 2020 at a CAGR of XX.XX %.
Exhibit 4. Pharmaceutical Cell-Based Screening Global Value Market Estimations and Predictions (2005-2020) in US$ Billion
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Exhibit 5. Pharmaceutical Contract Research United States Value Market Estimations and Predictions (2005-2020) in US$ Billion
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Europe trails behind in biotechnology after the United States due to the continents several systemic causes, rather than simply institutional failures. Though Europe has many research institutes and universities, the region does not attract foreign investments. European biotechnology industry relies heavily on research done in the US. Exhibit 6. ADME/Tox Technologies German Value Market Estimations and Predictions (2005-2020) in US$ Million for In Vivo, In Vitro and In Silico
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IV. PRODUCT/TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH

Time and Money both can be saved by applying ADME/Tox technologies in the early drug discovery processes. ADME/Tox studies determine dosage and toxicity issues for any new drug before human trials. Prediction of potential human risks of a new drug candidate is crucial in early stages of the drug discovery/development process. Even 10%-12% increase in identifying failures before a drug candidate entering the clinical trial stage could save the company over US$100 million. ADME/Tox or ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and Toxicity) is widely accepted preclinical testing system of a new drug candidate. ADME/Tox is applied in various tests to determine the candidates characteristics such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion respectively by intestine, liver, kidney, and other target organs. ADME/Tox is also applied in determining toxicity profile of the drug candidate. Biotechnology methods for screening new drug candidates are becoming important and the technology needs to provide latest screening tools at the pace of discovery of numerous new drug candidates. Improvements in molecular biology made it possible to clone express proteins that are expected to play a key role in disease trial and combinatorial chemistry helped in creating large libraries of chemical compounds. This phenomenon helped in discovering/identifying huge number of drug candidates. Though animal studies, considered as gold standard in confirming adequate drug exposure limits in human are essentially used in tests, non animal models such as In vitro and in silico techniques are rapidly making their ground. Most of the drugs fail in the clinical development phase due to their poor ADME/Tox properties. Companies are making robust efforts in eliminating poor elements before they enter into clinical trials. Drug failure in or post clinical trial phase may lead the company into economic disasters.
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Exhibit 7. Drug Development Cost - Estimations and Predictions (2005-2020) in US$ Million
Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 CAGR%
RIT Figures, 2013
Pre-Clinical XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX
Phase I XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX
Phase II XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX
Phase III XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX
Total XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX
(Pre-Clinical Includes Discovery to Pre-Clinical Development)
US$ Million
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018 Phase III
2019
2020
Pre-Clinical
Phase I
Phase II
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Exhibit 8. Reasons for Drug Failure in Clinical Trials in Phase I III

Reason Pharmacokinetics Human Toxicity Efficacy Not Proven Economic Other Total
RIT Figures, 2013
Phase I 15% 40% 32% 2% 11% 100%
Phase II 18% 27% 38% 4% 13% 100%
Phase III 6% 32% 49% 5% 8% 100%
(Other Includes Chemistry (Unknown), Improved Candidate, Commercial)
(Other Includes Chemistry (Unknown), Improved Candidate, Commercial)
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Analysis by Segment
Exhibit 9. In Silico ADME/Tox Global Value Market Estimations and Predictions (2005-2020) in US$ Million for Organ and Tissue Cells, Cellular Networks, and Whole Cells
Year/Segment 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 %CAGR
RIT Figures, 2013
Organ & Tissue Cells XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX
Cellular Networks XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX
Whole Cells XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX
Total XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX XX.XX
US$ Million
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
Organ & Tissue Cells
Cellular Networks
Whole Cells
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ADME/TOX TECHNOLOGIES THE OUTLOOK

Global ADME/Tox Technologies market is projected to grow at a robust rate of XX.XX % compounded annually from 2005 through 2020. This growth is mainly driven by the efforts of pharmaceutical and biotech companies for reducing time and cost of drug discovery. ADME/Tox profiling of a drug candidate plays a key role in reducing clinical trials cost and time of drug launch to the market. ADME/Tox assays eliminate compounds with lack of bioavailability, lower efficacy and toxicity in early stages, in order to save time and costs in expensive later stages of drug discovery. Due to ethical issues and growing trend towards decrease in using animals in clinical trials, there is a gradual decline in market for In vivo predictive technology. Though In vivo accounts for about three- fourth of total ADME/Tox Technologies market currently, nonanimal technologies- In vitro and In silico are projected to peg more than 40% of the market by 2015. In particular, In silico is projected grow at a high CAGR of XX.XX % during the period 2005-2020. In terms of technology, In silico is projected to register the fastest growth rate in all geographic markets...
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Gauging Competitive Intelligence Identifying Key Growth Areas and Opportunities Understanding Geographic Relevance to Product Knowing Regional Market Sizes and Growth Opportunities and Restraints Keeping Tab on Emerging Technologies Equity Analysis Tapping New Markets
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Adme/Tox Technologies Global Market Size

Scope of the Study

II. REPORT SYNOPSIS

Significant Methods for ADME/Tox

In Vivo In Vitro In Silico

Related ADME/Tox Methods

ADME/Tox Technologies Global Market Analysis

In Vitro ADME/Tox An Emerging Technology

Global Market Analysis

Exhibit 3. List of Major Global In Vivo Companies*

III. MARKET DYNAMICS

Global Pharmaceutical Cell Based Screening Market

IV. PRODUCT/TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH

(Pre-Clinical Includes Discovery to Pre-Clinical Development)

2018 Phase III

Exhibit 8. Reasons for Drug Failure in Clinical Trials in Phase I III

Phase I 15% 40% 32% 2% 11% 100%

Phase II 18% 27% 38% 4% 13% 100%

Phase III 6% 32% 49% 5% 8% 100%

(Other Includes Chemistry (Unknown), Improved Candidate, Commercial)

(Other Includes Chemistry (Unknown), Improved Candidate, Commercial)

Organ & Tissue Cells

ADME/TOX TECHNOLOGIES THE OUTLOOK

Research As Good as the Methodology is!

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