Customer Training Material

Appendix 5B Modeling Gaskets

ANSYS Mechanical Structural Nonlinearities

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. Release 13.0 December 2010

A5B-1

ANSYS Mechanical Modeling Gaskets

Chapter Overview

Customer Training Material

This appendix presents an optional lecture on modeling gaskets in WB-Mechanical. Gaskets are typically characterized as having a complex nonlinear behavior, often composed of multiple materials.
The gasket body option is intended to provide a practical and efficient method of representing this complex response. If localized response is required, the gasket should be modeled in detail

In this chapter, the following topics are covered:

A. Background on Gasket Behavior B. Gasket Bodies C Mesh Control C. D. Material Properties E. Gasket Results

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

A5B-2

Release 13.0 December 2010

ANSYS Mechanical Modeling Gaskets

A. Background on Gaskets
Gaskets serve two main purposes in many structural assemblies:
Provide tight and durable seal between parts Transfer mechanical forces between components

Customer Training Material

Characteristics of Gaskets:
Multi-layered, metal, elastomer Thin in one direction, but through-thickness behavior is most important Usually negligible in-plane stiffness ff As a result, can exhibit highly nonlinear loading and unloading behavior with permanent deformations

Example of Gaskets used in Engines

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

A5B-3

Release 13.0 December 2010

ANSYS Mechanical Modeling Gaskets

Background on Gaskets

Customer Training Material

Because gaskets are often multilayered materials, the overall response is quite nonlinear.
Complete gasket behavior is characterized by a pressure vs. mechanical closure relationship Unloading paths can be different, depending on the point at which unloading occurs Permanent deformations can exist in the material, as shown in the curve below
Pressu ure

Closure
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

A5B-4

Release 13.0 December 2010

ANSYS Mechanical Modeling Gaskets

B. Gasket Bodies
A Solid Body can be treated as a gasket by simply setting its Stiffness Behavior in the Details Window to Gasket G
With this designation, the Gasket body will be meshed with special interface elements (discussed next). This option is only valid for 3D Solid Bodies for structural analysis.

Customer Training Material

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

A5B-5

Release 13.0 December 2010

ANSYS Mechanical Modeling Gaskets

... Gasket Bodies

Customer Training Material

Gasket Bodies are meshed with special interface elements having the following unique characteristics
Only one element thru gasket thickness.
Allows for measurement of closure which is the relative deformation between top and bottom faces of interface element

The midplane of the gasket element serves as the location where numerical integration is performed (different from regular continuum elements)

Closure

Integration point locations on midplane shown with x

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

A5B-6

Release 13.0 December 2010

ANSYS Mechanical Modeling Gaskets

... Gasket Bodies

Customer Training Material

Stiffness response of the gasket element is established by user defined Pressure vs. closure data directly as a material property in Engineering Data.
A separate FE model with continuum elements may be used to derive these curves analytically Response follows the same compression curve in unloaded Advanced Ad d unloading l di options ti are available il bl by b way of f MAPDL commands d Response assumed to be rate-independent

Cannot combine with other nonlinear material models.

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

A5B-7

Release 13.0 December 2010

ANSYS Mechanical Modeling Gaskets

C. Mesh Control
Upon designating a solid body as a Gasket, a Gasket Mesh Control object is added beneath the Body object in the tree.
The meshing method for the control will be set to sweep and allow user to indicate the sweep direction direction.

Customer Training Material

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

A5B-8

Release 13.0 December 2010

ANSYS Mechanical Modeling Gaskets

... Mesh Control

Customer Training Material

In the Details view of the Gasket Mesh Control object, the Mesh Method is set to Sweep. Src/Trg Selection is set to Manual Source:
Select a Source face. The selected face must lie on the gasket body. The Target selection is Program Controlled by default. If desired, you can set Src/Trg Selection to Manual Source and Target. Then you can choose Target manually. manually If desired, you can change the value of the Free Face Mesh Type control to All Quad, Quad/Tri, or All Tri.

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

A5B-9

Release 13.0 December 2010

ANSYS Mechanical Modeling Gaskets

... Mesh Control

Customer Training Material

When generating the gasket mesh, the application drops the midside nodes on the edges that are parallel to the sweep direction.
For example, consider the mesh shown below. To define the sweep method, th d Src/Trg S /T Selection S l ti was set t to t Manual M l Source; S one face f (the (th top t face) was selected for Source. In the resulting mesh, the gasket element faces on the source and target are higher order (quadratic), but the faces thru t u the t e gas gasket et thickness t c ess a are e lower o e o order. de
Source Sweep direction from Source to Target with mid-side nodes dropped in swept direction

Target
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

A5B-10

Release 13.0 December 2010

ANSYS Mechanical Modeling Gaskets

... Mesh Control

By design, Gasket Bodies must always be sweep meshed.

Customer Training Material

If possible, they can share nodes with adjacent solid bodies. Often, it is necessary for gaskets can be independently meshed and connected to adjacent solid bodes by way of contact regions.

Contact Region Gasket Contact Region

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

A5B-11

Release 13.0 December 2010

ANSYS Mechanical Modeling Gaskets

D. Material Properties
From the Toolbox, RMB on Gasket Material and Include Property
The Gasket material properties Pressure vs. Cl Closure d data t can th then be b entered t d directly di tl in i a Tabular form and displayed graphically.

Customer Training Material

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

A5B-12

Release 13.0 December 2010

ANSYS Mechanical Modeling Gaskets

... Material Properties

Assumptions related to gasket material:

Customer Training Material

If response is outside of compression curve, slope of last segment is used.

For temperatures between defined temperature sets, linear interpolation is used If outside of temperature range, closest temperature data of compression curve will be used.

Linear or nonlinear unloading different from the pressure vs closure can be introduced with MAPDL commands.

Pressure

Closure

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

A5B-13

Release 13.0 December 2010

ANSYS Mechanical Modeling Gaskets

... Material Properties

Define D fi unloading l di behavior b h i with i h MAPDL MAPD as follows: f ll
Linear unloading
TB,GASKET,,,2,LUNL TBPT,,X1,Y1 TBPT,,X2,Y2
Where: Xi = Closure value Yi = unloading slope value at Xi

Customer Training Material

Pressure Cl Closure Pre essure Closure

Nonlinear unloading
TB,GASKET,,,2,NUNL TBPT,,X1,Y1 TBPT,,X2,Y2
Where: Xi = Closure value Yi = Pressure value

If unloading g occurs between defined curves, , linear interpolation p is used If outside of closure range, closest closure values are used for unloading curve. Reloading occurs along unloaded path
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

A5B-14

Release 13.0 December 2010

ANSYS Mechanical Modeling Gaskets

... Material Properties

Customer Training Material

Other Advanced options that can effect accuracy and convergence of gasket elements are available via MAPDL commands :
Treatment of tensile stiffness with
TB,GASKET,,,,PARA TBDATA,1,C1,C2,C3 Where: C1 = initial gap (default = 0) C2 = Stable stiffness (defa (default lt = 0) C3 = Max tension stress in gasket (default = 0)

Treatment of transverse shear with

TB,GASKET,,,,TSS TBDATA,1,TSSXY,TSSXZ Where: TSSXY is allowable shear stress along g XY plane p TSSXZ is allowable shear stress along XZ plane

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

A5B-15

Release 13.0 December 2010

ANSYS Mechanical Modeling Gaskets

E. Gasket Results
Normal Gasket Pressure Shear Gasket Pressure Normal Gasket Total Closure Shear Gasket Total Closure

Customer Training Material

The following Gasket output is available as separate Solution items

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

A5B-16

Release 13.0 December 2010