VII.

MEDICATION AND TREATMENT (DRUG STUDY)

BRAND NAME

GENERI C NAME

CLASSIFICA -TION

ACTION

INDICATION

CONTRAINDI CATION

Biogesic

paraceta mol

Anti pyretic, analgesic

Paracetamol exhibits analgesic action by peripheral blockage of pain impulse generation. It produces antipyresis by inhibiting the hypothalami c heatregulating centre. Its weak antiinflammatory activity is related to inhibition of prostaglandi n synthesis in the CNS.

Mild to moderate pai n and fever.

Breastfeeding, hypersensitivit y pregnancy

SIDE DOSAG EFFECTS E / ADVERS E EFFECTS : PO/Rect Bronchos al 0.5-1 g pasm, 4-6 hrly Blood when dyscrasia needed. s, Liver Max: 4 damage, g/day. IV Skin >50 kg: rashes, G 1 g 4-6 I adverse hrly effects, (Max: 4 Hepatic g/day); necrosis, <50 kg: Liver 15 mg/kg failure. 4-6 hrly (Max: 60 mg/kg/da y).

NURSING RESPONSIBILITY

Check that the patient is not taking any other medication containing paracetamol. - For children who may refuse medicine off a spoon try using a medicine syringe to squirt liquid slowly into the side of the child's mouth or use soluble paracetamol mixed with a drink. - Some children may be happy to take one paracetamol

product but dislike the taste of another. - There are no known harmful effects when used during pregnancy. - Small amounts may pass into breast milk. However, there are no known harmful effects when used by breastfeeding mothers. - Alcohol increases the risk of liver damage that can occur if an overdose of paracetamol is taken. The hazards of paracetamol overdose are greater in persistent heavy drinkers and in people with alcoholic liver

disease.

BRAND NAME

GENERI C NAME

CLASSIFIC A-TION

ACTION

INDICATIO N

CONTRAINDIC ATION

Levaquin

levofloxa cin

fluoroquinol one drug

Interferes with microbial DNA synthesis.

used to treat infections of the sinuses, skin, lungs, ears, airways, bones, and joints caused by susceptible bacteria. Levofloxaci n also is frequently

Hypersensitivity to fluoroquinolone s, quinolone antibiotics, or any product component

SIDE DOSA EFFECTS/ GE ADVERSE EFFECTS The most The frequently usual reported dose is side events 250are nausea 750 mg or given vomiting, di once arrhea, hea daily for dache, 5-60 and constip days ation. Less dependi common ng on side effects the type include of difficulty infectio

NURSING RESPONSIBILITY

Assessment & Drug Effects Lab tests: Do C&S test prior to beginning therapy and periodically. Withhold therapy and report to physician immediately any of the following: Skin rash or other

used to treat urinary infections, including those resistant to other antibiotics, as well as prostatiti s (infection of the prostate). Levofloxaci n is effective in treating infectious di arrhea caus ed byE. coli, Campyl obacter jejuni, and Shigell a bacteria. Levofloxaci n also can be used to treat various obstetric infections, including

sleeping, dizziness, abdominal pain, rash, abdominal gas, and itching.

n. It is signs of a importa hypersensitivity nt to reaction (see take Appendix F); oral CNS symptoms formula such as tions at seizures, least 2 restlessness, hours confusion, before hallucinations, or 2 depression; hours skin eruption after following sun any exposure; antacid symptoms of or colitis such as mineral persistent supple diarrhea; joint ment containi pain, ng iron, inflammation, or calcium rupture of a , zinc, tendon; or hypoglycemic magnes reaction in ium diabetic on an since oral these hypoglycemic bind agent. levoflox Patient & Family acin Education and prevent Learn important indications for

mastitis (infection of the breast).

its absorpti on into the body.

discontinuing drug and immediately notifying physician. Consume fluids liberally while taking levofloxacin. Allow a minimum of 2 h between drug dosage and taking any of the following: Aluminum or magnesium antacids, iron supplements, multivitamins with zinc, or sucralfate. Avoid exposure to excess sunlight or artificial UV light. Avoid NSAIDs while taking levofloxacin, if possible. Do not breast

feed while taking this drug.

BRAND NAME

GENERI C NAME

CLASSIFIC A-TION

ACTION

INDICATIO N

CONTRAINDIC ATION

Trade Name: Ceftin

l Generic Name: Cefuroxi me

Therapeuti c: Antiinfectives Pharmacol ogic: Second generation Cephalospo rins Pregnancy Catergory B

Bind to bacterial cell wall membrane, causing cell death Therapeutic Effects: Bactericidal action

It is effective for the treatment of penicillinase producingN eisseria gonorrhoea( PPNG). Effectively treats bone and joint infections, bronchitis, meningitis, gonorrhea, otitis media, pharyngitis/t onsilliti s, sinusitis, lower respiratory

Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins and related antibiotics; pregnancy (category B), lactation.

SIDE EFFECTS/ ADVERSE EFFECTS GI: Diarrhea, nausea, antibioticas sociated colitis. Skin: Ra sh , pruritus, urticaria. Urogenital : Increased serum creatinine and BUN, decreased creatinine clearance. Hemat: Hemolytic anemia MISC:

DOSA GE

NURSING RESPONSIBILITY

Conten t: Maxim um Dose: Minimu m Dose: Availab ility: Tablets : 125mg, 250mg, 500mg Powde r for injectio n: 750mg, 1.5g, 7.5g Premix ed

Before: Determine history of hypersensitivity reacti ons to cephalosporins, penicillins, and history of allergies, particularly to drugs, before therapy is initiated. Lab tests: Perform culture and sensitivity tests before initiation of therapy and periodically during therapy if indicated. Therapy

tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, urinary tract infections, and is used for surgical prophylaxis, reducing or eliminating infection.

Anaphylaxi s

contain ers: 750 mg/50 ml, 1.5g/50 ml

may be instituted pending test results. Monitor periodically BUN and creatinine clearance. During: Inspect IM and IV injection sites frequently for signs of phlebitis. Monitor for manifestations of hypersensitivity NURSING RESPONSIBILITY

BRAND NAME

GENERI C NAME

CLASSIFIC A-TION

ACTION

INDICATIO N

CONTRAINDIC ATION

SIDE EFFECTS/ ADVERSE EFFECTS Adverse Effect: CNS: Dizziness, lightheade dness,

DOSA GE

Trade Name: Norvasc

l Generic Name: Amlodipi ne

Calcium channelblocker Antianginal Drug Antihyperte nsive

Mechanism of Action: Inhibits the movement of calcium ions across the membranes of Indications : Angina pectoris due to coronary artery

Hypersensitivity

Ordere d: Give 10 mg 1tab, >Advise patient to take medication as directed, even if feeling well. >Take missed doses as soon as possible unless

cardiac and arterial muscle cells; inhibits transmembrane calcium flow, which results in the depression of impulse formation in specialized cardiac pacemaker cells, slowing of the velocity of conduction of the cardiac impulse, depression of myocardial contractility, and dilation of coronary arteries and arterioles and peripheral arterioles; these effects lead to decreased cardiac work, decreased cardiac oxygen consumption, and in patients with vasospastic angina,

Spasm, Chronic stable angina, alone or in combination with other agents, Essential hypertensio n, alone or in combination with other antihyperte nsive,

headache, asthenia, fatigue, lethargy CV: Peripheral edema, arrhythmia s Dermatolo gic: Flushing, rash GI: Nausea, abdominal Discomfort

OD

Timing : 8 am

Duratio n: 24 hrs.

Other forms:

Interaction Tablets: s: 2.5 mg, Drug-drug 5 mg, Possible 10 mg increased serum levels and toxicity of cyclosporin e if taken concurrentl y.

almost time for next dose; do not double doses. > Caution patient to change positions slowly to minimize orthostatic hypotension. > Advise patient to notify health care professional if irregular heartbeats, dyspnea, swelling of hands and feet, pronounced dizziness, nausea, constipation, or hypotension occurs or if headache is severe or persistent. > Caution patient to wear protective clothing and use sunscreen to prevent photosensitivity reactions.

increased delivery of oxygen to cardiac cells