WHMovement

CarlotaFarriolSegura EnglishIV Course20122013

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Index

Introduction 2

WhMovement 3 1 3 2 WhexpressionswithnoWhmovement 2.1 2.2 2.3 3 3 3.1 3.2 4 5 4 6 4 YesNoQuestions Deletion ShortVs.LongDistanceMovement 4 Echoquestions Quizquestions MultipleWhexpressions 3 WhExpressions

Characteristics

Piedpipping Whexclamatives

Conclusion 6
2

Bibliography

Introduction
WhMovement:Asyntacticphenomenonfoundinmanylanguagesaroundtheworld,inwhich interrogativewords(sometimescalledwhwords)orphrasesshowaspecialwordorder.Unlike ordinaryphrases,suchwhwordsappearatthebeginningofaninterrogativeclause. IdecidedtofocusontheWhmovementthinkingitwouldbeagoodtopictoexpand,asweuse whexpressionalotbutitisnotlikewehavegoneanydeeperinthereasonswhyweusethem atthefrontinquestions.TheWhmovementissomethingnatural,thathappensinanumberof languagesamongstwhichwecanfindoutmotherlanguage,andthesetofrulesaresosimilar thatinordertohaveabasicnotionwecanjustfocusonwhatwealreadyknow.

WhMovement
1. 2. WhExpressions Thesearethewordswewillbeworkingon,theinterrogativesconsideredbasicininformation gathering,thoughnotonlywilltheybeusedininterrogativesentences. Who/Whom What Why When Where How Wether

2.WhexpressionswithnoWhMovement Questionformationusuallyinvolvesthefrontingofthequestionedelement,buttherearethree circumstancesinwhichanexceptionismade. 2.1Echoquestions IcalledAndrea. Youcalledwho? 3

Theseareknownaswhinsituquestions,asthewhexpressionstaysinthecanonicalposition associatedwithitsgramaticalfunction.Echoquestionsrequestthatthewordwhichthe WHwordstandsforinthesentenceberepeated,andoftenexpresssurpriseoramazement. 2.2Quizquestion: JohnnyDepplivesinwhichcountry? TheWhexpressionisusedintheplaceinwhichthenewinformationwouldappear.For example,theanswertothepreviousquestionwouldbe: JohnnyDepplivesintheUSA. 2.3MultipleWhexpressions: WhosaidI'mfat? Whosaidwhat? Thishappenswhenthephrasealreadycountswithafrontwhexpression,sopracticallyitwould belikerephrasingthequestionbut,insteadofquestioningonlyforoneinterrogant,itisfortwo. 3.Characteristics Twodifferentkindsofmovementareinvolvedfirst,theheadmovement,whichconsiston movingtheauxiliarytotheheadofaphrase: Youwillreadthenewspaper. position: SheisdatingPaul. Whoisshedating? Inordertohaveacompletewhquestionbothmovementshavetobedone. 3.1Deletion Whenthemovementisdone,itisimportanttodeletethewhexpressionthathasbeenextracted fromthecanonicalposition.ThesenullcopiesoftheWhexpressionsarealsoknownastrace copies, ShewasdatingJohn.Shewasdatingwho. Whowasshedatingwho? 3.2ShortDistancevs.LongDistanceMovement ShortDistanceMovement Johnatepie. WhatdidJohneat? LongDistanceMovement 4 Whowasshedating? Willyoureadthenewspaper? Andsecondly,themovementofthewhexpressionfromthecanonicalpositiontothefront

Johnsaid(hewantedpie). 4.Piedpiping

WhatdidJohnsay(hewanted)?

Intheobligatorypiedpiping,notonlythewhwordbutthewholeclauseorphrasehastogotothe front,thishappensmainlyinpossessivestructuresotherwise,thequestionsissyntactically incorrect. JeanisdrivingSue'scar. WhoseisJeandrivingcar? WhosecarisJeandriving? Piedpipingcanbeoptionalwhenwefindaprepositionalphrasemostly,inwhichthe whexpressionistheobjectofthepreposition.Dependingiftheregisterisformalorcolloquial, theprepositionwillbefrontedorwillremaininthesameplace. Sheisplayingunderthetree. Formal: Informal: Underwhichtreeissheplaying? Whichtreeissheplayingunder?

5.WhExclamatives InthisWhmovement,theexclamativeexpressioncontainingwhat!orhow!Isfronted,though thereisnoauxiliaryinversion(headmovement). Whataterriblechildhood! 6.YesNoquestions NotonlyWhQuestionscontainaninterrogativespecifier,alwayskeepinginmindthatitisnot oneofthefiveW's(Why,Who,When,Where,Why)orHow,butaspecifierthatisconsidereda nullquestionoperator,meaningthatitisnotaskingforinformation,but"indicatesthatastatement Howbadlysheisbehaving!

applieswhicheverofthealternativesmentionedisthecase"Oxforddictionaries.com TheWhwordusedinthiscaseisWhether,anditisusedmostlywhenaquestionsisturnedintoa statement.Toknowifitiswellplaced,itcanbesubstitutedby"if". Areyougoingtothecinema? SheaskedmewhetherIwasgoingtothecinema.

Conclusion
Itseemedarathereasytopic,butithasbeengratifyingtoseehowmanyunexpecteddoubts arosefrommyresearch. EnglishSyntaxbyAlexRadfordwasthekeytobeabletodothis,butitwasreallycomplicatedto followtheexplanations,whichhasledmetobelievethatsyntaxistobetakenseriously,though therearedifferentlevelsofexpertiseinthematterandIdonotthinkIwillevergettoknowas muchas,forexample,theauthorofthemainsource.

Bibliography

TheHandbookofContemporarySyntacticTheory,byMarkBaltinandChrisCollins EnglishSyntax:Anintroduction,byAndrewRadford http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~beatrice/syntaxtextbook/ch11.html http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/~lion/?s=Grammar_exercises/grammar_3&lang=en http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~ctjhuang/my_papers/1982.MoveWH.pdf https://www.angl.huberlin.de/staff/1685901/unterrichtsmaterialien/5.wh.movt.pdf http://www.lel.ed.ac.uk/~packema/teaching/LEL%201%20syntax/LEL%201%20Syntax%208.pdf http://primus.arts.uszeged.hu/bese/Chapter7/7.3.2.htm

"whmovement."Definitions.net.STANDS4LLC,2013.Web.13May2013. <http://www.definitions.net/definition/whmovement>.