Airstream Class Ii Biohazard Safety Cabinet Quick Reference Sheet

ESCO AIRSTREAM CLASS II BIOHAZARD SAFETY CABINET
QUICK REFERENCE SHEET

Installation Instructions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Refer to Packaging Contents (refer to section 2.2) and ensure all items are received. The Biohazard sticker provided with the manual may be pasted at the entrance of the laboratory. The Log Record, at the end of the manual, should be started. If no pathogenic material is used in the cabinet, this should be recorded inside the Log Record. In this case, no decontamination will be necessary before filter changing. Choose a suitable location for your cabinet (refer to section 3.1). This is important in order to ensure minimal external airflow disturbances which can affect cabinet airflow and containment. The screws securing the counterweight (behind the cabinet) for shipment should be removed before the sash can be moved. After this step, move the sash to the normal operating height. Connect the cabinet to the main power supply with the supplied power cable. The fan is automatically switched on. PLS CHECK PANEL message is displayed; please check that all LEDs and buzzer are on for 6 seconds. The cabinet must be certified (refer to section 3.4) after it is installed, and before it is first used.
General / Safety Instructions 1.

The use of any hazardous material in the cabinet requires that it be monitored by an industrial hygienist, safety officer, or other qualified individual. Explosive or flammable substances should never be used in the cabinet unless a qualified safety professional has evaluated the risk. If chemical, radiological or other non-microbiological hazards are present, be sure to employ appropriate protective measures.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
This cabinet is suitable for agents classified under biosafety levels 1 to 3. Refer to Appendix A for more information on biosafety levels. It should not be used with any agents of an unknown nature and / or extremely hazardous materials. Read all instructions before proceeding and observe the installation procedure and environmental / electrical requirements. Regular maintenance, in accordance with chapter 5 of this manual, should be carried out. Do not use any disinfectant containing chlorine-based substances when cleaning the cabinet as they may cause corrosion of the stainless steel surfaces. In this manual, important safety related points will be marked with this symbol:
Starting the Cabinet 1.

Prepare a written checklist of materials / apparatus necessary for work in the cabinet. Turn off the UV lamp (if it is being used). Turn on the blower and raise the sash (default FAN PIN is 0001). Leave the blower on for 3 minutes (warm-up timer the default duration is 3 minutes, however, this may be adjusted refer to section 4.5.1.2).
2.
Wash hands thoroughly using germicidal soap. Wear gloves for hand protection (double gloving may be employed) and put on a clean long-sleeved laboratory coat. Adjust your seating position so that your face is above the work zone opening.
Never use the cabinet to store supplies or laboratory equipment. Placing excessive materials in the work zone may affect the airflow and containment capabilities of the cabinet. Do not block the front and back air grilles. Avoid use of toxic, explosive, or flammable substances within the cabinet unless the use has been specifically approved by a safety professional. Never operate the cabinet when any alarms are activated. Minimize the use of syringes or other sharp objects within the cabinet.
ESCO AIRSTREAM CLASS II BIOHAZARD SAFETY CABINET

QUICK REFERENCE SHEET
3. 4. 5.
Open the sash window to its maximum position. Thoroughly surface-decontaminate the work surface, side walls, back wall, and internal surface of the window using 70% ethanol (or other disinfectant depending on materials used in the cabinet). Surface-decontaminate all materials / apparatus before loading them into the work zone. Load and arrange the materials/apparatus to minimize the movement of contaminated items over clean items by segregating the contaminated items from the clean items into two equal areas, one on the left, and one on the right to provide best protection against cross contamination.
6.
Adjust the sash to the normal operating height and allow the blower to run for another 3 minutes in order to purge the work zone of contaminants. Minimize room activity (personnel movements, closing and opening of doors, etc.) as these external airflow disturbances may affect cabinet airflow and containment.
Working in the Cabinet 1.

Work as far into the cabinet as possible, at least 150mm/6 inches back from the front air intake grille. Hold open tubes and bottles horizontally to avoid spillage. Discard empty tubes and bottles into collection bags inside the cabinet immediately. Surface-decontaminate before removing any potentially contaminated items from the interior.
2.
Work in the cabinet in a slow and controlled manner. Move arms in and out of the work zone opening slowly and in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the work zone opening. The rapid movement of arms in a sweeping motion may disrupt the air barrier and induce contaminants out of the cabinet.
3.
In case of spillage, use absorbent pads or towels to cover the spillage, and then soak it with 10% bleach or another disinfectant. Wait for 10 to 15 minutes before cleaning the affected and surrounding area (and equipments) with an appropriate disinfectant. Decontamination (with formaldehyde) may be necessary after a spillage where inaccessible surfaces may be contaminated.
4.
When the sash is fully closed, the blower should be turned off to prevent overheating. NB: the FAN or ADMIN PIN is required to turn the blower off. This is a safety feature to prevent unauthorized personnel from shutting down the cabinet.
Shutting Down the Cabinet 1.

It is recommended that the cabinet be operated continuously whenever possible to ensure containment and cleanliness. NB: airflow studies have shown that air from the cabinet may escape after the fan has been turned off, due to thermal currents from the interior of the cabinet. If the user chooses to turn the cabinet off at the end of a work session, the following procedures are recommended.
2.
Leave the blower on for 3 minutes in order to purge airborne contamination from the work area. Discard all biohazard waste into the biohazard bags (including the outer gloves if double gloving was employed). Seal biohazard bags and dispose properly (waste should be autoclaved, if appropriate).
3.
Surface-decontaminate all materials / apparatus and remove them from the cabinet. Thoroughly surface-decontaminate the work surface, side walls, back wall, and internal surface of the window using 70% ethanol (or other disinfectant depending on materials used in the cabinet).
4.
Remove laboratory coat and gloves and wash hands thoroughly with germicidal soap. Turn off the blower and close the sash. The UV lamp, if installed, may be turned on at this stage.
ESCO AIRSTREAM CLASS II

BIOHAZARD SAFETY CABINET
USER & SERVICE MANUAL
ESCO
Esco Manual Revision No. AC2.v2.05.07.2004 Specifications subject to change without notice
WELCOME NOTE FROM ESCO

Congratulations! You have just purchased one of the finest biohazard safety cabinets available. It is a pleasure to welcome you to the growing number of customers who own and operate Esco biological safety cabinets. For your convenience all exposed exterior and interior surfaces of this products has been decontaminated and wiped down in a controlled clean environment, protective coverings on stainless steel and plastic surfaces, where present have also been removed. Your new Esco Airstream Class II cabinet includes many unique features and exciting improvements to simplify maintenance, enhance safety and improve ergonomics. These include:
A new user-friendly SentinelTM microprocessor-based control and alarm system which simplifies operation and enhances user safety ULPA filters efficient to >99.9999% for better operator and product protection Completely frameless sliding window for maximum visibility into the work zone Generously sized drain pan to contain any liquid spills and provide greater cleanability Work zone lighting with an intensity above 1000 lux / 94 foot candles using 5000k fluorescent lamps for greater comfort and less glare A backward curved motorized impeller system which distributes air within the positive plenum in all directions to provide lower noise levels, better airflow uniformity, and lower power consumption
A retrofit system that allows optional accessories to be easily fitted later in the field
Please read this manual to familiarize yourself with the proper installation, operation, and maintenance of the cabinet. For pharmaceutical customers, additional IQ/OQ/PQ documentation is available on request. We recommend that this manual, together with the factory test report, be kept near the cabinet for convenient reference by operators and qualified maintenance personnel
If you have any questions that are not addressed in this manual, please do not hesitate to reach us by e-mail at biotech@escoglobal.com or give us a call at +65 65420833. With warm regards from Singapore,
Lim Lay Yew Chief Executive Officer 21 Changi South Street 1 Singapore 486777 +65 65420833 FAX +65 65426920 Visit our website at www.escoglobal.com
21 Changi South Street 1 Singapore 486777 PHONE +65 65420833 FAX +65 65426920 E-MAIL biotech@escoglobal.com WEBSITE www.escoglobal.com
TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents...................................................................................... 1 Safety Warning and Limitation of Liability............................................. 4 Declaration of Conformity.................................................................................................. 5 Freight Claim Information......................................................................... 6 Warranty Terms and Conditions.............................................................. 8 Corporate Profile Biotechnology Equipment Division.......................... 9
A. USER SECTION I. Basic Product Information................................................................. .. 11 II. Unpacking Your Cabinet.................................................................... .. 15 2.1 Step-by-Step Procedure........................................................... 15 2.2 Packaging Contents.................................................................. 18 III. Installing Your Cabinet...................................................................... 19 3.1 Choosing a Suitable Location................................................... 19 3.2 Environmental/Electrical Condition........................................... 28 3.3 Installing Your Cabinet ............................................................. 29 3.4 Performance Validation/Certification............................................ 30 3.4.1 The importance of performance validation/certification...... 31 3.4.2 Recertification..................................................................... 31 3.4.3 Disclaimer........................................................................... 31 3.4.4 References for Qualified Certifiers...................................... 31 IV. Operating Your Cabinet..................................................................... 32 4.1 Sentinel Control System......................................................... 32 4.1.1 Software Self-Reset.. 35 4.1.2 Hardware Reset. 35 4.2 Starting the Cabinet................................................................................ 36 4.3 Working in the Cabinet............................................................. 38 4.4 Shutting Down the Cabinet................................................... ... 40 4.5 Menu Options........................................................................... 41 4.5.1 Settings........................................................................................................ 42 4.5.1.1 Set Time.. 42 4.5.1.2 Warm Up. 42 Table of Contents 1
4.5.1.3 Post Purge.. 42 4.5.1.4 UV Timer. 43 4.5.1.5 Air Velocity Unit Selection.... 43 4.5.2 Calibration.. 44 4.5.2.1 Set Constant.. 44 4.5.2.2 Zero Sensor.. 44 4.5.2.3 Calib Sensor.. 44 4.5.3 Admin. 44 4.5.3.1 New Admin PIN. 45 4.5.3.2 New Fan PIN.. 45 4.5.3.3 A/F Monitor. 46 4.5.3.4 Reset B/H/M.. 46 4.5.4.5 Reset UV/H/M... 46 4.5.3.6 Reset Default. 47 4.5.4 Set Mode 47 4.5.4.1 Normal Mode. 47 4.5.4.2 Maintenance Mode 47 4.6 Ergonomics............................................................................... 48 V. Maintaining Your Cabinet.................................................................. 49 5.1 Maintenance Schedule........................................................... 49 5.2 Decontamination....................................................................... 50 5.3 Disinfecting Agents.. 50
B. SERVICE SECTION I. Maintenance by Service Personnel.......................................................................... 52 1.1 Calibration of Sentinel Control.................................................. 52 1.1.1 Maintenance Mode... 52 1.1.2 Calibration Menu... 54 1.1.2.1 Zero Sensor 54 1.1.2.2 Calib Sensor... 55 1.1.3 Final Checking in Normal Mode. 57 1.2 Software Update.................................................................................. 59 1.3 Cabinet Airflow Balancing.............................................................................. 60 1.4 Filter Changing................................................................................................... 60 Table of Contents 2
1.5 Recertification........................................................................... 62 1.6 Decontamination Procedure........................................................................... 64 II. Product Specification.......................................................................... 74 2.1 Engineering Details........................................................................................ 74 2.2 Optional Retrofit Kits................................................................. 74 2.3 Technical Specification................................................................................... 74 2.4 Electrical Diagram.......................................................................................... 74 2.5 Sentinel Control System................................................................................. 75 III. Troubleshooting ...................................................................................................... 76 3.1Visual Troubleshooting....................................................................................... 76 3.2 Electrical Troubleshooting.............................................................................. 76 3.3 Software Troubleshooting... 79 Copyright Information............................................................................. 80 Warranty Registration and Survey Form.................................................................... 81 Defect Reporting Form............................................................................ 84 Replacement Parts List........................ 85 APPENDIXES Appendix A Biosafety Levels Classification. 91 Appendix B Introduction to Biohazard Safety Cabinet........................................... 92 Appendix C KI-Discus Test....................................................................................... 98 Appendix D UV Lamps in Laminar Flow and Biological Safety Cabinet................ 102 Appendix E Exhaust Ducted Class II Type A2 Safety Cabinets................................ 107 Appendix F Reference Materials............................................................................... 113
Table of Contents 3
SAFETY WARNING
The use of any hazardous material in the cabinet requires that it be monitored by an industrial hygienist, safety officer, or other qualified individual.
Explosive or flammable substances should never be used in the cabinet unless a qualified safety professional has evaluated the risk.
If chemical, radiological or other non-microbiological hazards are present, protective measures should be employed. Operation should be monitored by a suitably trained individual.
The biohazard symbol on the front panel of the cabinet indicates the presence of biological substances that pose a threat to human health.
This cabinet is suitable for agents classified under biosafety levels 1 to 3. Please refer to Appendix A for more information on biosafety levels. It should not be used with any agents of an unknown nature and / or extremely hazardous materials.
The cabinet may be used for biosafety level 4 agents, if placed in a negative pressure area and when the operator is wearing a full body positive pressure isolation suit.
This cabinet shall not be used with cytotoxic substances unless it has been determined that the filter can be safely changed. (NB: cytotoxic substances cannot be inactivated by conventional formaldehyde
decontamination).
Read all instructions before proceeding and observe the installation procedure and environmental/electrical requirements.
In this manual, important safety related points will be marked with this symbol.
LIMITATION OF LIABILITY
The disposal and / or emission of substances used in connection with this cabinet may be governed by various local regulations. All users of this cabinet should familiarize themselves with any regulations that apply in their locality and comply with them. Escos liability is limited with respect to user compliance with such regulations.
Safety Warning and Limitation of Liability
Declaration of Conformity *
In accordance with EN 45014:1998
We of
Esco Micro Pte Ltd 21 Changi South Street 1 Singapore 486777 Tel: +65 65420833 Fax: +65 65426920
hereby declare on our sole responsibility that the product: Model : Airstream Class II Biohazard Safety Cabinet
has been designed and manufactured to conform with the following standards, when installed and used in accordance with the operating and maintenance manual:

EN 50081 - 1 : 1992 EN 55022 EN 61000 - 3 - 2 / 3 EN 55022 EN 50082 - 1 : 1997 EN 12469 : 2000 EN 61010 1 (1997)
Emissions Class A Conducted Emissions Harmonic Current Emissions and Voltage Fluctuations Class A Radiated Emissions Immunity Microbiological Safety Cabinets Electrical Equipment Safety Requirements
This declaration is valid also as declaration of conformity to the following directives:

73/23/ EEC 89/336/EEC 93/68/EEC 98/37/EEC
Directive on low voltage Directive on electromagnetic compatibility Directive on CE Marking Directive on machinery
More information may be obtained from Escos authorised distributors located within the EU and a list of these parties and their necessary contact information is available on request from Esco.
Lim Lay Yew Chief Executive Officer * Applicable only to 230V 50 Hz cabinets
Declaration of Conformity
FREIGHT CLAIM INFORMATION

Esco inspects each product for defects before shipment. Esco products are then carefully packed in compliance with carrier regulations and thoroughly inspected before leaving our plant. Responsibility for their safe delivery is assumed by the carrier upon acceptance of the shipment. Occasionally damage occurs in transit. Claims for loss or damage sustained in transit must be made upon the carrier. Please remember that you are responsible for all freight claims and the cost of all replacement pieces for each shipment you accept. Inspect each shipment very carefully before acceptance. Carefully inspect each pallet or crate upon arrival. If a shipment is found to be damaged upon delivery, be sure to have the driver/carrier note all damage details on the delivery receipt. This is essential or your claim may be denied. Also if pallets are stacked, please note "Stacked Pallets" on the delivery receipt (pallets are not stacked when shipped, unless otherwise stated for certain products). Esco is not responsible for pallets stacked at carrier terminal. Any unloading difficulties or damages due to stacked materials are carrier's responsibility.
If freight damage is discovered, please refer to the following guidelines in order to process and effective freight claim:
ACCEPTED FREIGHT WITH NOTED/VISIBLE LOSS OR DAMAGE
Any external evidence of loss or damage must be noted on the freight bill or delivery receipt and signed by the courier's agent or delivery driver
(NOTE: Failure to properly describe evidence of loss or damage may result in the carrier refusing to honour a claim)
Contact delivering terminal to arrange for a claim form and inspection report to be faxed or mailed to you Notify Esco Micro Pte Ltd regarding which items need replacement Keep all damaged items and packing material until claim is resolved between you and the carrier
ACCEPTED FREIGHT WITH CONCEALED LOSS OR DAMAGE When a damage or loss is discovered during unpacking:
Contact the carrier immediately upon discovery of damage and request for inspection by the carrier's agent.
Carrier will determine inspection needs based on value and time elapsed Notify Esco regarding which items require replacement Esco will fax to you an order acknowledgment that includes value of items for claim (less freight amount) Esco will invoice you for replacement materials Esco standard payment terms will apply
Freight Claim Information 6
UNACCEPTED FREIGHT If substantial damage is noted upon inspection you have the right to refuse part or all of a shipment. Do not unpack pallets or crates with damaged materials. Individual items cannot be refused. You must refuse the entire pallet or accept the freight with noted damage (see above) Esco will handle all freight claim procedures and process a replacement order for your company for the damaged pieces at no charge. (if the original order was shipped under CIF terms i.e. Esco had covered the insurance)
NOTE: Any correspondence with Esco regarding loss or damage must be accompanied by a copy of the shipping carrier's report. Esco will not accept returns that have not been authorized. In the event of accepted freight with damage or loss, notification of loss or damage must be sent to the carrier within 10 days of receiving the freight. Notification outside the 10-day time frame may result in shipping damage claim being denied.
Freight Claim Information 7
WARRANTY TERMS AND CONDITIONS

Esco warrants that this equipment will perform according to the specifications for 3 years from the date of purchase. With exceptions noted below *, this 3 years warranty applies to all parts and components of this equipment (* 3 years except consumable items filter, light tubes, UV tubes, pre-filters) Esco's liability under this warranty shall be limited to repair or replacement of the equipment at Esco's option, and under no circumstances shall Esco be liable for the equipment damage arising out of or in any way connected with the failure of the equipment to perform as set forth herein. This limited warranty is in lieu of all other expressed or implied warranties, including those of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. In the event of a defect, a malfunction or failure during the warranty period, Esco will repair or replace, at its option, the product or component therein which upon examination by Esco shall appear to be defective, or not up to factory specifications. The purchaser must pay any transportation or labour expenses incurred in removing and returning the product to the service centre. Esco cannot be held responsible for malfunctions, damage to people or property to non-compliance, poor or no maintenance or improper use of the cabinet. This warranty shall not apply to any Esco product or part thereof which has been subject to misuse, abuse, accident, shipping damage, improper installation or service and testing, or damage by fire, flood, or acts of God. If the serial number of this product is altered, removed or defaced as to be illegible, the warranty shall be null and void in its entirety. The use of non-Esco parts and/or parts not supplied directly by Esco or our authorized distributors, including but not limited to maintenance parts, spare parts, replacement parts, system components and/or system accessories, shall void all expressed or implied warranties. To obtain warranty service, the defective product or part(s) must be returned to Esco or an authorized Esco Factory Service Centre along with a proof of purchase. It is mandatory, upon purchase, for the user to register receipt of the equipment with Esco online at www.escoglobal.com. Alternatively, the user can also complete the warranty registration form which can be found within this manual on page 81. Please take note that when returning the defective product or part(s), you must first obtain a return authorization (RA) number from Esco and it must be noted on the documents accompanying the return. The defect reporting form can be found on page 84.
Warranty Terms and Conditions 8
CORPORATE PROFILE BIOTECHNOLOGY EQUIPMENT DIVISION

A History of Clean Air Device Manufacturing Since 1978 In 1978, Esco was founded to provide clean air solutions for the emerging high-tech industrial and life sciences industries. During division draws from the broad base of resources of the group which is also engaged in other fields of clean air equipment technology. Today, more than 20,000 Esco laminar flow, biohazard safety and other clean air cabinets are in use in the field with some Sophisticated Capabilities Today, Escos production capabilities for our laboratory Production predominantly oriented towards the international marketplace, with
sales in more than 60 countries. A network of international distributors and partners allows us to provide quick and responsive local service and support.
those early years, our expertise with clean air technology was also
applied towards the construction of laminar flow clean air devices.
installations dating back to the 1980s still in operation. Esco supplies many hightech industries with critical
equipment that help keep products, people, and processes free from contamination. For example, our Biohazard safety cabinets (today a core offering of Esco Biotech) and fume hoods were also designed and manufactured during the early 1980s thus expanding the companys scope in the field of containment technology. That same period also saw the first exports of locally developed and proven clean air technology by Esco. In 1985, inhouse sheet metal fabrication cleanroom construction components help pharmaceutical manufacturers meet GMP standards, keeping the drugs they produce clean. Our laminar flow mini-environments help microelectronics increase yields. product In the manufacturers reliability and
equipment products are centralized in a 3,900 m 2 / 42,000 sq. ft facility separate from our Singapore
corporate headquarters. This state-of-the-art
fabrication centre houses the latest CNC (computer numerically
controlled) sheet metal machinery and is highly automated to ensure that all products produced are of a high quality with less human
laboratory,
researchers use our safety cabinets for clinical biological research in order to develop vaccines for
intervention. An advanced powdercoating process is also operated in-
capabilities were established. Eventually, the
dangerous diseases. In a small way, Esco contributes towards
Biotechnology Equipment Division was formed to focus on the design and manufacturing of laminar flow, biohazard safety and other HEPAfiltered cabinets for the laboratory. Our unique background in industrial cleanroom and contamination
these essential technologies that have become the backbone of our modern lives. The Esco Biotechnology house to ensure an aesthetic finish on all Esco laboratory equipment products. Esco is committed to making continuous investments in fabrication technologies to ensure superior quality and total customer satisfaction.
Equipment Division is a highly focused manufacturer of laminar flow, biohazard safety and other HEPA-filtered cabinets for the
control technology differentiates us from our competitors who are solely laboratory equipment suppliers. The
laboratory with a history of quality cabinets since 1978. We are
Corporate Profile Biotechnology Equipment Division 9
The World-Class Development At Esco, continuous Research and equipped
laboratories with the
are latest
ISO
14001
Environmental
Management System Esco also practices
instruments, properly calibrated and maintained: particle counters, air velocity meters, flow visualization devices, apparatus, KI discus electrical testing safety
responsible corporate citizenship by demonstrating a firm commitment to the environment. are Many for Esco low our
research and development is a corporate policy realized through tangible investments in personnel, equipment and facilities. Currently, 1 out of every 2 non-production staff at Esco works in a research and development position. Visitors are welcome to visit the Esco Biotech Centre at our which Equipment located in
products energy
designed
analysers, light/noise level/vibration meters microbiological/containment instruments. and test
consumption,
while
cabinets are also constructed of easily recyclable stainless steel.
ISO 9001 Quality Management System At Esco, quality and
Technology Singapore
worldwide features a
headquarters, demonstration
customer satisfaction are our top priorities, which is why the company operates certified under quality an ISO 9001 Commitment Marketplace Esco regularly participates in numerous major international, regional and national industry trade shows and exhibitions, both directly and indirectly with the regional distributors. For the updates on Escos upcoming visit events our and to the Global
laboratory,
conference / training facilities for visitors, and various testing
management
laboratories in which state-of-the-art research and tests are continuously conducted into improving the
system. Extensive quality control and testing is carried out at all steps of the design and production
performance of our products.
process.
exhibitions, section:
website
http://biotech.escoglobal.com/trades hows.htm
Corporate Profile Biotechnology Equipment Division 10
USER SECTION
CHAPTER I BASIC PRODUCT INFORMATION

Class II cabinets provide product, operator and environment protection. They are suitable for general microbiological work with agents assigned to biosafety levels 1, 2, or 3. (For more details please refer to Appendix A and Appendix B) Class II cabinets are recommended for most applications and are the most common and cost-effective systems available on the market today.
AIRFLOW PATTERN INSIDE THE CABINET Air flows from the room into perforations located at the front of the work zone (in order to prevent contamination of the product, the inflow does not mix with the clean air present in the actual work zone of the cabinet), and then travels through an air return path below the work surface.
HEPA-filtered exhaust (Approx. 35%)
Downflow (Approx. 65%)
Inflow
An H14 HEPA/ULPA-filtered vertical laminar flow air stream within the cabinet (also referred to as the downflow) moves downwards from the top of the work zone towards the work surface. Close to the work surface, the downflow air stream splits with a portion entering perforations towards the front and back of the work zone. Combined with the inflow, air is moved within the cabinet, through an air return path (underneath the work surface, and behind the back wall) to a plenum in which the blower system is mounted.
Chapter I Basic Product Information 11 USER SECTION
From the common air plenum, approximately 30% of the air is H14 HEPA/ULPA-filtered and exhausted (thus protecting the operator and the environment from exposure to biological hazards), while approximately 70% is H14 HEPA/ULPA-filtered and re-circulated as the downflow
SAFETY At Esco, your safety means the world to us. This vision is fully realized in the Airstream Class II with many features that really bring your safety to the next level.
Shaped inflow air grille, combined with the raised front armrest, eliminates the possibility of the operator blocking the air perforations. (which may compromise safety)
Latest minipleat seperatorless H14 HEPA/ULPA filters operating at a typical efficiency of 99.9999% at MPPS, 0.3 and 0.12 microns for best product and operator protection.
Fail-safe double balancing system is employed in the event that a cable should fail the sash will tilt and lock in position so as not to endanger the operator
Easily accessible integrated paper catch in the air return area in order to prevent wipes and other materials from being drawn into the blower system
TM
Dynamic Chamber
plenum design surrounds contaminated areas with negative pressure plenums thus
preventing possible filter seal/gasket and cabinet carcass leaks

All electrical components are UL listed or UL recognized Audible and visual alarms for unsafe sash positions Sash glass must be fully closed before UV lamp will activate Red colour-coded access panels to electrical system and filter/blower internal plenum to caution users of the potentially dangerous/contaminated parts
Automatic pre-purge and post purge cycles ensure correct cabinet operation and operator safety. Permanent steel plenum which is less prone to leaks and resistant to decontamination agents Electro galvanized steel sheets utilized for cabinet outer shell for greater rust resistant properties Double framed side windows are internally sealed to ensure an airtight carcass UV-absorbing tempered glass sides provide a high level of protection against harmful UV rays when UV lamp is activated
PERFORMANCE The cabinet is precisely engineered to deliver the required performance anytime you need it
World first backward-curved motorised impeller system that distributes air within the positive plenum in all directions to provide lower noise levels, better airflow uniformity, and lower power consumption
Sentinel microprocessor control system with true air flow velocity (both downflow and inflow) sensing technology. In addition, the airflow sensor itself is able to compensate for change in temperature
Extremely low noise (less than 60dbA) and vibration levels due to proprietary construction and mounting technology
ISO Class 3 work zone air cleanliness
Built-in solid state variable speed controller (infinitely adjustable from zero to the maximum setting) with built-in RFI and noise filters is superior to conventional step controllers
CLEANABILITY The issue of cleanability is important to ensure easy and proper decontamination procedures

Smooth and corrosion resistant exterior is free of large protrusions for greater cleanability Interior surfaces are designed to eliminate protrusions, channels, and any other areas that will be difficult to clean.
All joints, corners and seams are expertly sealed for maximum cleanability Work surface trays are fabricated from a single piece of stainless steel without any fasteners, thus eliminating difficult to clean joints
Generously sized drain pan to contain any liquid spills and allow easier cleaning
OPERATOR COMFORT The features incorporated in this cabinet allow for greater operator comfort and better working condition

Removable, rounded front armrest eliminates pressure points on the arms Completely frameless UV resistant sliding window for maximum visibility into the work zone. 5000k fluorescent lamp provides 1200 lux of work zone lighting for less glare and greater operator comfort Electronic ballast for fluorescent lighting resulting in lower heat output, higher energy efficiency, increase reliability and service life and most importantly zero-flicker
Large 173 mm/6.8 inch work access opening allows easier access into the work zone Width of the inflow air grill has been minimized in order to place the work zone closer to the operator A plugged aerosol sampling port (connected to the common positive plenum) for filter testing by the aerosol challenge method is accessible from below the work surface tray
EASE OF SERVICE When it comes to service, we design the cabinet to allow the minimum amount of personnel possible to perform it while at the same time also keeping the downtime as short as possible All cabinet electrical system with the exception of the fan motors are located outside contaminated areas and can be accessed without the need of decontamination Easy filter access through the front part of the cabinet to minimize downtime Lifting grip position for filter and blower maintenance on front cover access Unique hinged front panel Convenient hand tool kit and extra fasteners is supplied with every cabinet
COST SAVING It is possible to achieve a balance between excellent performance and reasonable operating cost. Therefore, Esco utilizes the following features 1. Automatic standby mode activated when sash is lowered below operating height in order to conserve energy while maintaining proper airflows in the work zone 2. Permanently lubricated direct drive centrifugal blower energy-efficient external rotor type design
Please refer to chapter 2 of SERVICE SECTION for detailed product specification.
Each individual unit shipped is extensively tested for performance and safety and delivered with a detailed test report and certificate of performance. Testing performed at our factory laboratory includes:

Airflow velocity (laminar flow, inflow, downflow) Operator comfort tests: noise, light, vibration Filter integrity (PAO aerosol challenge) Containment (KI-Discus and microbiological method) Electrical safety to IEC61010-1
Additional units are also randomly selected on a statistical sampling basis and re-tested using researchgrade instrumentation and additional test protocols at our dedicated Product Development Laboratory. Esco performs testing in accordance with more than 20 of the worlds most recognized standards, of local, regional and international scopes. In particular, testing in our laboratory is most frequently conducted based on: BS EN12469:2000. Biotechnology Performance Criteria for Microbiological Safety Cabinets NSF49. Class II Biohazard Safety Cabinetry, and IEST-Recommended Practices. An NSF-Accredited Biohazard Cabinet Field Certifier is available in-house full-time to supervise all testing work.
CHAPTER II UNPACKING YOUR CABINET

This chapter aims to provide relevant information on how to handle the cabinet properly upon receipt. Failure to follow the following instructions may damage the cabinet. We strongly advise you to read this chapter carefully before proceeding further. Relevant information on Warranty Terms and Conditions can be found on page 8.
2.1 STEP-BY-STEP PROCEDURE 1. Inspecting the crate Upon receipt of your new cabinet, inspect the crate. If there is any visible damage to the exterior of the crate please refer to Freight Claim Information on page 6. NB: Some cabinets may be packed with corrugated carton instead of a wood crate, in which some of the following instructions would not apply.
2. Moving the crate a. The crate is designed to protect our cabinet from any foreseeable circumstances. However, excessive impact onto the crate may also damage the cabinet. Prevent any direct impact or hitting to the crate when moving. b. When lifting the crate, please always ensure that the floor jack or mechanical lift truck has always entered fully under the crate in order to achieve stability. Failure to do so will increase the risk of the crate falling off the floor jack or mechanical lift truck during handling. Please use a suitable extension bar when the situation arises.
Fig. 1 Moving the Crate Using Extension Bar
Chapter II Unpacking Your Cabinet 15 USER SECTION
3. Opening the crate a. Use a hammer or crowbar to open the top panel carefully. Be aware of exposed nails. b. Remove the front panel, followed by the two side panels, and finally the back panel. c. All the retrofit kits are packed separately and placed on top of the cabinet. These items are listed on the packing checklist pasted on the crate. Please check the packing checklist carefully to make sure that all items have been included. Remove them from the top of the cabinet before proceeding further.
If you did not receive one or more retrofit kits listed on the packing checklist, or if any of the items are damaged, please contact your distributor or Esco Micro Pte Ltd immediately for further instructions. Please refer to section 2.2 for complete listings of items (aside from the retrofit kits) included with your cabinet.
4. Removing the packaging material a. The cabinet is protected by styrofoam and shrink wrap. b. The cabinet is secured with straps to the pallet. c. Remove the styrofoam and shrink wrap but leave the strap securing the cabinet to the pallet intact. d. If you find any damage during this stage of unpacking please refer to Freight Claim Information on page 6. e. It is the best practice to leave the cabinet secured with straps to the pallet until the cabinet is located in its approximate final position to facilitate ease and safety in handling.
Choosing the best location for your cabinet in order to achieve optimum operating performance of your cabinet is determined by a number of factors. Please refer to the next chapter for some guidelines.
5. Moving the cabinet a. When lifting the pallet with the cabinet secured to it, please always ensure that the floor jack or mechanical lift truck has always entered fully under the pallet. This is to increase the stability of the cabinet and reduce the risk of the cabinet falling down. Please use extension bar when necessary. b. During the moving of the cabinet, please ensure there is enough distance between the supports of pallet and the ground. Dragging the pallet against the ground (at one side or otherwise) will damage the pallet and possibly your new cabinet.
6. Removing the strapping a. Remove the strapping by cutting it at a safe position to prevent any scratch on the surface of your new cabinet.
Fig. 2 Removing the strapping
b. Do not discard the packaging material for your cabinet until you have checked all of the components, installed and tested the unit.
7. Lifting the cabinet a. The cabinet is not designed to support its own weight at the centre portion for extended periods. However, lifting the cabinet by mechanical lift truck in the centre is allowable. If you must lift the cabinet manually, use at least 4 persons. b. Always lift up the cabinet with enough distance in between the fork of the mechanical lift truck and the centre of the cabinet. Suggested distance: 50 cm for 3 ft and 90 cm for 4ft and above. Install the cabinet on the existing work surface or Esco support stand (retrofit kit).
When installing the cabinet onto an existing work surface, ensure that the structure can safely support the combined weight of the cabinet and any related equipment. Some modifications to the work surface may be necessary.
The work surface should be smooth and nonporous and resistant to the disinfectants and chemicals used in conjunction with the cabinet. Instructions on installing the Esco support stand can be found inside the cardboard box with the support stand Remove the 2 screws at the back of the cabinet securing the sash before operating the cabinet
Esco Micro is committed to protecting the environment. Please re-use the pallet if possible, and /or dispose the packaging materials and crate in a proper manner. Please hammer any exposed nail on the crate surface prior to disposal.
2.2 PACKAGING CONTENTS The following items are included together with your manual: 1) Test certificate 2) Test report In case this manual and/or test report is lost or misplaced, Esco retains a copy in our files. A replacement copy can be obtained by contacting Esco Micro Pte Ltd and stating the cabinet model, serial number and a brief description of the information desired. 3) 1 bag containing fasteners replacement 4) 1 M4 screwdriver and 1 M8 spanner for maintenance and service 5) 1 yellow screwdriver for adjusting the speed control 6) 2 biohazard stickers
The following items are permanently attached to the cabinet in a Ziploc bag: 1) Test report 2) Electrical diagram
CHAPTER III INSTALLING YOUR CABINET

3.1 CHOOSING A SUITABLE LOCATION Please follow these guidelines when choosing a suitable location for your cabinet: 1. The location must be far away from : a. personnel traffic flows b. air vents (in and out) c. door and window d. any other sources of disruptive air currents or air drafts If the drafts or other disruptive air currents exceed the inflow velocity of the cabinet through the access opening, the potential exists for contaminated air to exit or enter the work zone area of the cabinet. It depends on the severity of the air current. 2. Exhaust filter area especially susceptible to disruptive air currents or air drafts. Sufficient clearance of 40 cm (minimum) is recommended between the highest point of the cabinet and the ceiling. If the distance is less than 40 cm, the airflow alarm system may require re-calibration.
Esco does not guarantee whether this can be done successfully. It has to be verified by the local distributor or service company in the actual place of use.
3. However, for a proper exhaust filter leak scanning purposes, a minimum distance of 50 cm is recommended. 4. A clearance of 183 cm (6ft) in front of cabinet is strongly advised in order to maintain proper airflow.
Fig. 3 Examples of the influence on cabinet airflow from room design and ventilation
Chapter III Installing Your Cabinet 19 USER SECTION
Picture explanation: No.1 The location of cabinet 1 is appropriate with respect to the avoidance of excessive air movements from the surrounding. No.2 Cabinet 2 is too close to the doorway and could be influenced by the air inlet. No.3 The airflow of cabinet 3 could be influenced by the air inlet. No.4 Cabinet 4 is too close to the doorway. No.5 Cabinet 5 is well-sited providing that the adjacent return air grille does not influence cabinet airflow.
The above diagram illustrates the influence on cabinet airflows from room design and ventilation systems. It is not intended to depict a typical installation. The location of such a number of cabinets in a small room, or in close proximity, is not recommended.
The following article is the extracts from the British Standard BS 5726- PART 2:1992 on Installation Recommendation: I. CABINETS
1.1 The installation of cabinets and their commissioning will normally be the business of the supplier or an experienced agent. Local engineers may need to be consulted to determine suitable routes to duct filtered air to the outside. 1.2 For containment level 3 laboratories where there is an installation problem because of difficulties in exhausting cabinet air to the outside, specialist advice should be obtained. 1.3 Operator protection offered by a cabinet can be adversely affected by poor siting of the unit. It is important to avoid siting a microbiological safety cabinet in a thoroughfare or in line with a doorway or openable window. Preliminary airflow visualization tests may help to select the optimum position within a room. Performance is verified by conducting operator protection tests once the cabinet is in position and running. In difficult conditions, it may be helpful to make a temporary installation of the cabinet in order to make these tests before the final installation. 1.4 The siting of safety cabinets in laboratories should be considered at the initial stages of the planning of a new building or before modification of an existing building. If additional safety cabinets are required in an existing laboratory, the recommendations given in this clause also apply. The site selected should comply with the interrelated requirements for containment, extraction, room make-up air, ventilation and general environmental safety and comfort. The recommendations for siting given here are only intended to act as a guide to the avoidance of disturbances to the safety cabinet, its operator and other personnel and to the avoidance of interference with escape routes, etc. No specific dimensions or planning arrangements can prospectively guarantee satisfactory performance of the cabinet in all cases. 1.5 If cabinets are joined together it is strongly recommended that the junctions should be airtight and should not put undue stress on the cabinets or any junction or adaptor pieces. Sealing gaskets or mating surfaces should not leave internal cavities or crevices. Note: Attention should be paid to vibration as if it is excessive damage to seals and gaskets may occur.
1.6 To avoid disturbances to the safety cabinet and its operator, consideration should be given to the following. a) The distance from the plane of the aperture to any circulation space should be at least 1000 mm, so as to preserve a zone undisturbed by anyone other than the operator see figure 1a. b) The distance between the front aperture and a bench opposite it should ideally be at least 1500 mm see figure 1b. However, containment performance is not likely to be affected if this distance is reduced, for instance to enable an operator to use the bench behind whilst working at the cabinet. In this case operator movement over a smaller distance may cause less air disturbance. With such procedures their effect on containment should be measured by relevant operator protections factor tests. c) There should be no opposing wall (or other obstruction likely to affect the airflow) within 2000 mm of the front aperture see figure 1c. d) Safety cabinets should not be installed in positions where they are likely to be affected by other items of equipment. In particular the distance to the aperture of an opposing safety cabinet, fume cupboard, or the edge of a local exhaust ventilation outlet should be not less than 3000 mm see figure 1d. e) Any room air supply diffuser should not be within 1500 mm of the front aperture. If there are large numbers of safety cabinets in a laboratory this recommendation may be difficult to comply with, but where diffusers have to be placed in close proximity to a safety cabinet, their discharge velocities and therefore air handling rates will need to be low. f) A safety cabinet should not be positioned with either side closer than 300 mm from a wall or similar obstruction see figure 1e. g) Large obstructions (e.g. and architectural column) projecting beyond the plane of the aperture should not be within 300 mm of the side of the safety cabinet see figures 1f and g. h) Doorways should not be within 1500 mm of the aperture or within 1000 mm of the side of the safety cabinet see figure 1h except where a door includes air transfer grills in which case protection factor testing should be carried out to ascertain a suitable distance. 1.7 The position of a safety cabinet should satisfy the spatial requirements (e.g. vision, lighting and convenience of access) of the operator and personnel working nearby. When a cabinet is installed on a bench top, the leading edge should be flush with or slightly overhanging the edge of the bench top. Note 1: Typical problems and their solutions are illustrated in figure 2. Note 2: There should not be an open space between the leading edge of the cabinet and the front of the bench as this may create turbulence in front of the aperture. It also provides an obstacle which could adversely affect airflow across the cabinet face
II. DUCT INSTALLATION 2.1 Cabinet should exhaust air from integral fans by a direct airtight duct less than 2 m in length. If such short duct connections are not possible the exhaust fan should be situated separate form the cabinet and close to the discharge end of the duct so that any substantial length of ducting is under negative air pressure. 2.2 The air extraction system should be capable of dealing with external wind pressure up to 250 Pa with extra capacity of not less than 200 Pa for blockage compensation.
III. CABINET EXTRACTION SYSTEM 3.1 General The extraction system (together with the arrangements for make-up air) should be so constructed as to minimize the effect on the safety cabinet of outdoor wind (up to pressures of 250 Pa at the end of the duct) and other sources of air disturbance. The discharge opening should be sited with due regard to the flow pattern of air around the building and should be located to minimize the risk of exhaust air being drawn back into the building or into neighbouring buildings through open windows or air intakes. 3.2 Cabinet Ductwork 3.2.1 Ductwork should have a smooth, obstruction free interior and should preferably be circular in cross section without excessive changes in diameter. The extraction ductwork should be clearly marked with label indicating a biological hazard complying safety sign. 3.2.2 The cross section of the ductwork and the routing of the ducts within the building should be such that the noise level is within the requirements of the laboratory. However in some cases, e.g. long duct runs or large volume cabinets, considerations of space may require smaller duct diameters and consequently give air velocities in excess of this guideline. 3.2.3 Ductwork should follow the most direct route from the cabinet to the discharge point, and it should be possible to identify the ductwork leading from a particular cabinet. Bends should be kept to a minimum number and have the largest radii practicable. There should be a minimum of horizontal run. The ductwork should be deigned to accommodate thermal expansion and contraction. Ductwork should not violate the fire compartmentation of the building in passing between the safety cabinet and its final discharge point. If possible, fire dampers should be avoided and fire protection provided by means of suitable treatment of the ductwork, or by enclosure of the duct within a protected shaft or by running the ductwork outside the building. If dampers have to be fitted they should be upstream of the fan. 3.2.4 Whilst no material is completely resistant to all forms of chemical attack, materials of construction for the ductwork should be chosen to give the best resistance to the chemical and physical conditions to which they will be subjected, with due consideration to disinfection agents that may be used, and that the cost and practicability will allow
3.3 Negative pressure laboratories In situations where microbiological safety cabinets are installed in negative pressure environments a pressure differential greater than 40 Pa can develop between the cabinet working space and the laboratory when the cabinet is turned off. This could result in air flowing out of the safety cabinet aperture and potentially a risk of formaldehyde leaking out during fumigation. This difficulty can be overcome by installing a total shut-off damper in the exhaust ducting. A leakage test should be conducted with this damper closed and the laboratory operating at the designed degree of negative pressure.
IV. MAKE-UP AIR SYSTEMS 4.1 Safety cabinets should be installed only after first considering the details of the make-up air system necessary to replace all of the air entering the safety cabinets in the laboratory. The safety cabinets and other air extraction points together with the make-up air supply in the laboratory should be regarded as an integral system. The air supply system should not compromise the performance of the safety cabinets. 4.2 The high air change rate in the laboratory resulting from a multiple safety cabinet installation, or from a single installation in a small laboratory, necessitates careful selection of the method of supplying make-up air. Insufficient space may preclude the use of conventional equipment, and special diffusers, grilles, or a perforated ceiling may be required to achieve low room-air velocities. 4.3 Arrangements for the supply of make-up air should be consistent with the requirements for protection from fire and smoke and with the achievement of the environmental conditions specified for the laboratory. Make-up air should be heated or cooled, as necessary, to maintain a laboratory air temperature within +/- 2oC of that required. The introduction of make-up air should avoid draughts in the area of safety cabinets. 4.4 For air make-up by passive air inflow, openings, louvers or transfer grilles should be provided in walls and doors for make-up air to be introduced into the room from its surroundings, preferably from adjacent heated corridors see figure 3a. The locations and sizes of these openings, louvers or transfer grilles should be chosen to ensure the avoidance of discomfort due to draughts and to ensure that the opening and closing of doors does not affect the performance of the safety cabinets. The use of damped door closure devices can help to reduce sudden air movement. The drawing-in of potentially contaminated air, e.g. from adjacent laboratories should be avoided and the general quality of the air should be consistent with the achievement of the environmental conditions specified for the laboratory. Note: Installers and users should take care not to breach the integrity of the fire protection system particularly when fitting grilles into doors design to provide half hour fire resistance. Use of intumescent material is often necessary.
4.5 The objective of the make-up air distribution system (and any other mechanical ventilation system) should be to introduce the required volume of air into the room with the minimum possible disruption to the safety cabinet airflow pattern, and the make-up air supply system should not reduce the degree of protection afforded to the operator by the safety cabinet. In general, air diffusers, grilles or terminal units (whether ceiling, wall or floor mounted( should not discharge directly towards or across the safety cabinet aperture. It is unlikely that the room airflow pattern employed in the performance testing procedure can be realized in the majority of actual installations. However, every effort should be made to prevent relatively high velocity air movement (velocity greater than 0.3 m/s) anywhere in the room housing the safety cabinet. 4.6 A fan-assisted source of make-up air should be filtered, heated and otherwise treated as necessary, to maintain the environmental conditions specified for the laboratory. It is common practice to prevent pressurization of the laboratory (which would cause a spread of potentially contaminated air into other areas) by supplying a lower rate of fan-assisted make-up air than the total extraction rate. When there is a significant reduction in or a complete loss of the air extraction form the room by the safety cabinet installation, the fan-assisted inflow of make-up air should be correspondingly reduced, or disconnected, either automatically or manually following an automatic alarm see figure 3b. At containment level 3 or above the supply and extraction airflow should be interlocked to prevent positive pressurization of the room. Note: Consideration should be given to the possibility of reverse flow through a safety cabinet when the extraction system is low or off and other safety cabinets or containment facilities are on. Consideration should also be given to situations where several cabinets may be operating independently in one room. 4.7 If the airflow rate induced by the safety cabinet is inadequate to ventilate the laboratory of if the laboratory is to be occupied when the safety cabinet is not in use, separate arrangements should be made for room ventilation. See figures 3c and 3d. 4.8 Air extracted by a separate ventilation system form a room in which a safety cabinet is installed should not be re-circulated.
V. SITE SURVEY 5.1 As a preliminary to the installation of safety cabinets in a laboratory the site should be surveyed by the safety cabinet installer to assess environmental conditions and possible exhaust ductwork route(s). The survey should include a review of the possible positions of the safety cabinet(s) in relation to laboratory doors and windows, the main routes of foot traffic past the front and the effects of ventilation systems installed in the laboratory, particularly identifying any draughts or air circulations that are liable to interfere with cabinet performance, and confirming that there is an adequate air supply to the room. 5.2 Depending on the outcome of the survey, modifications may be necessary to improve the environment before the contractor can install a safety cabinet so that it complies with performance requirements.
5. Please permit adequate space behind the cabinet for cleaning, maintaining the counterweight system, and for performing decontamination procedure. 6. A far away position from any source of heat sources (heaters, fan converters, etc.) for optimum operating conditions. Please refer to the environmental/electrical conditions on the next page for more detailed information.
3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL/ELECTRICAL CONDITIONS This cabinet is designed to be used under the following conditions: 1. Indoor use 2. Altitudes up to 2000 meters or 6600 ft 3. 20% - 60% relative humidity 4. Temperature range from 20 deg C to 30 deg C (68 deg F to 86 deg F).It is recommended that the temperature in the laboratory be maintained within +/-2 deg C under all conditions 5. Main supply voltage fluctuations not to exceed +/- 10% of the nominal voltage. It is recommended that the voltage fluctuation doesn't exceed +/- 2% of the nominal voltage at all times 6. Installation Category: II Installation category (over voltage category) defines the level of transient over voltage which the instrument is designed to withstand safely. It depends on the nature of the electricity supply and its over voltage protection means. For example, in CAT II, which is the category used for instruments in installations supplied from a supply comparable to public mains such as hospital and research laboratories and most industrial laboratories, the expected transient over voltage is 2500 V for a 230 V supply and 1500 V for a 120 V supply 7. Pollution Degree: 2.0 Pollution degree describes the amount of conductive pollution present in the operating environment. Pollution degree 2 assumes that normally only non-conductive pollution such as dust occurs with the exception of occasional conductivity caused by condensation.
3.3 INSTALLING YOUR CABINET 1. Please refer to the unpacking your cabinet on the previous chapter section 2.1 step no.7 on lifting the cabinet 2. Inspect your cabinet carefully, should you find any defect please refer to the Freight Claim Information on page 6 and our Warranty Terms and Conditions on page 8 3. The 2 screws securing the counterweight (behind the cabinet) for shipment should be removed before the sash can be moved. After this step, move the sash to the normal operating height 4. Wipe down the interior and exterior of the cabinet with water or a mild household detergent 5. Connect cabinet to the main power supply with the supplied power cable. The fan is automatically switched on. PLS CHECK PANEL message is displayed; please check that all LEDs and buzzer are on for 6 seconds. Leave the blower on for 3 minutes (warm-up timer the default duration is 3 minutes, however, this may be adjusted refer to section 4.5.1.2). Each cabinet requires its own dedicated 13A (230V) or 15A (115V) power outlet which should not be shared with other appliances. For some cabinets with 2 power inlets (one for the power outlets in the work zone and another for the cabinet blower and electrical systems), both power inlets should be connected to their own dedicated power supplies. 6. Prior to use, this cabinet should be certified by a qualified certifier. Under normal operating conditions, the cabinet should be recertified at least annually and when moved or serviced. For more on info on performance validation/certification please refer to the next section 3.4 8. The 2 biohazard decal included together with this manual can be pasted on the door leading to your biohazard laboratory.
WARNING: DO NOT MOVE THE CABINET WITHOUT OBSERVING THE FOLLOWING PRECAUTIONS: 1. The cabinet must be recertified after being moved 2. Observe the necessary precautions when relocating the cabinet as it is heavy
3.4 PERFORMANCE VALIDATION/CERTIFICATION After installation and prior to use, cabinet performance must be validated and certified to factory standards. The following tests should be performed:

Downflow velocity Inflow velocity Airflow smoke patterns test Filter leak test (filter media leak test and filter gasket leak test) Site installation assessment test Optional tests: a. Electrical safety b. KI Discus for operator protection (Please refer to Appendix C) c. Light intensity test d. Vibration level test e. Noise level test f. UV intensity test
Airflow alarm calibration should also be performed
The testing methods and equipment required are specified on the test report. It is recommended that these tests be performed only by a qualified technician who is familiar with the methods and procedures for certifying biological safety cabinets Esco conducts training courses on the validation and certification of biohazard safety cabinets. If you are interested you are most welcome to contact your distributor or Esco.
3.4.1 THE IMPORTANCE OF PERFOMANCE VALIDATION/CERTIFICATION Studies conducted in New York State have estimated that 50,000 to 70,000 workers around the world, die each year from chronic occupational diseases resulting from past exposures to toxic substances. (New York Committee for Occupational Safety and Health) 1. A significant percentage of end-users are largely ignorant, uninformed, or relaxed about the safety specifications and availability of testing. 2. Relying on velocity measurement or simple airflow visualization for deciding safety of cabinets is insufficient. 3. Standardized test procedures and certifications ensure confidence in tests conducted and ensures safety of the cabinets.
3.4.2 RECERTIFICATION
After the initial certification, the cabinet shall be recertified at the following situations: 1. Relocation of cabinet 2. Undetermined cause of airflow alarm 3. When the performance is suspected 4. Major maintenance or service (filter changing, blower changing, etc.) 5. After the exhaust damper is adjusted 6. At least annually or 6 months for safety cabinets with more critical applications (for example work with agents assigned to biosafety level 3) It is recommended that airflow alarm calibration should also be performed during recertification.
3.4.3 DISCLAIMER The perfomance and safety of the cabinet, while rigorously evaluated at the factory, cannot be guaranted once after transit and installation. Therefore the on-site testing is always recommended.
3.4.4 REFERENCES FOR QUALIFIED CERTIFIERS 1. NSF Accredited Class II Biosafety Cabinet Field Certifiers Please see http://www.nsf.org/Certified/Biosafety-Certifier for more information 2. I.A.F.C.A member certifying company Please see http://www.iafca.com/listview.html for more information 3. Your distributor 4. Esco Micro Pte Ltd
CHAPTER IV OPERATING YOUR CABINET

A biological safety cabinet, when used in conjunction with good microbiological techniques, provide an effective containment system. This chapter aims to provide the user with the basic operation of the cabinet and recommended working practices.
4.1 SENTINEL CONTROL SYSTEM
Fig. 4 Sentinel Keypad User-interface
1. Fan Button To turn on and turn off the fan Please kindly refer to section 4.5.3.2 for information on setting the fan PIN
2. Light Button To turn on and turn off the light Light goes on automatically when sash is at the operating position (READY state) Light goes off automatically when sash is at SASH ALARM state.
3. Socket Button To turn on and turn off the electrical socket (retrofit kit) Electrical outlet can be controlled fully in any sash position. The maximum rating of all the outlets in the cabinet is 5 A. In case of overloading, the circuit breaker will trip. Disconnect the device from the outlet and reset the circuit breaker in the electrical control box (inside the front panel) by pressing its button.
Chapter IV Operating Your Cabinet 32 USER SECTION
Fig. 5 Screen confirms electrical outlet is on
Fig. 6A Screen confirms electrical outlet is off
Fig. 6B Circuit breaker position
4. UV Button To turn on and turn off the UV lamp (optional retrofit kit) UV lamp can only be activated when the sash window is fully closed. Since the sash is capable of filtering UV rays, users are protected from the harmful UV rays. UV Timer is provided to control the duration of the decontamination process. Please refer to section 4.5.1.4 for further information. UV Hour Meter is provided to monitor the working hours of UV lamp. Please refer to section 4.5.3.5 for further information. Appendix D provides comprehensive information on the usefulness and effectiveness of UV light against various microbes.
Please refer to the end of Chapter 1 of SERVICE SECTION for cabinet operation summary.
5. Up and Down Arrow Button To move upwards and downwards the menu options To increase and decrease corresponding value inside one of the menu options To start, stop and reset timer Handheld stop clock is not allowed to be brought into the working space, as it might be a source of contamination. For this purpose, TIMER is provided and functions as a stop clock ONLY in READY
state. It is displayed in HH:MM:SS format. Sash position and airflow velocity is monitored during timer mode. User can start by pressing UP arrow button and it will start counting. Pressing UP button again will stop the timer. User can then press UP button again to resume the timer. During this time, pressing DOWN button will take the user out of the timer mode, and Timer Reset message is displayed.
Fig. 7 Screen display when timer is running
Fig. 8 Screen display after timer is reset
6. Set or Mute Button To choose the menu or sub-menu currently displayed on the LCD screen To proceed to the next step or sequence inside one of the menu options To turn the alarm sound off (only in fully open state during normal mode)
Alarm is disabled when you enter menu options
7. Menu Button To enter and exit from the menu options To go back to the previous level of the menu options To access maintenance mode from ERR.MSWITCH and AIRFAIL! error condition Some of the menu options allow the user to customize the cabinet for better working experience. Please kindly refer to section 4.5 for detailed explanations for each menu options.
Before operating the cabinet, please ensure that you have set the Admin PIN (0009 by default) and Fan PIN (0001) by default. Refer to section 4.5.3.1 and 4.5.3.2 for further instructions. The Admin PIN has higher priority and can be used to control the fan (override the Fan PIN). Please contact Esco should you forget your ADMIN PIN.
Concept of Different Sash Window States 1. The sash window should be fully closed when the cabinet is not in use. This helps keep the work zone interior clean. The sash window also provides a protective barrier in case the UV lamp is used.
2. The sash window should ALWAYS be in the normal operating height at all times when the cabinet is used. Even if the cabinet is left unattended, but the blower is on, the sash window should never be moved from the normal operating height, unless during loading or unloading of materials/apparatus into the cabinet 3. The alarm will be activated whenever the sash window is moved from the normal operating height. 4. Whenever the sash window is moved to the correct height from a higher or lower position, the light will automatically be turned on as a signal to the user. 5. The sash window may be opened to its maximum position for the purpose of loading/unloading of materials/apparatus into the cabinet. When the sash window is fully opened, the alarm sound may be muted (will be automatically sounded again after 5 minutes to remind the user that it is not safe to work in the cabinet) and the light will be turned on to facilitate cleaning.
4.1.1 SOFTWARE SELF-RESET Sentinel is equipped with watchdog timer. The timer is running on the background and will detect any possible software malfunction. Once the malfunction occurs, the timer will reset the system. During system reset (which will take approximately 30 seconds), the cabinet will undergo warm-up cycle; blower is on but light and electrical outlet is off. After reset, the system will resume as per normal operation. Note that no data is erased or reset to the default values.
4.1.2 HARDWARE RESET Sentinel can also be reset by pressing RESET button available on the main board; refer to Product Specification on chapter 2 of SERVICE SECTION for exact position. This hardware-reset function can be used in case of controller malfunction, e.g. blank LCD for more than 5 seconds. After RESET button is pressed, the system will restart. Note that no data is erased or reset to default values after hardware reset.
Do not press RESET button during normal usage, as it will disrupt the operation of the cabinet, thus the safety of operators.
4.2 STARTING THE CABINET 1. Prepare a written checklist of materials/apparatus necessary for immediate usage.
2. Turn off the UV lights (if it is being used) as soon as you enter the work location. Turn on the blower and raise the sash (default FAN PIN is 0001). Leave the blower on for 3 minutes (warm-up timer the default duration is 3 minutes, however, this may be adjusted - refer to section 4.5.1.2)
3. Wash hands thoroughly using germicidal soap. Wear gloves for hand protection. Gloves should be pulled over the knitted wrists of the gown rather than worn inside. Double gloving may be necessary for higher risk work.
4. Put on a clean long-sleeves laboratory coat. A solid front, back closing lab gown provides better protection of personal clothing than the traditional lab coat. A disposable gown should also be considered when higher risk work is involved.
5. Adjust the seating position so that the user's face is above the front opening. Adjustable stool is recommended. Please refer to section 4.6 about ergonomics for more info.
6. Open the sash window to its maximum position. Thoroughly surface-decontaminate the work surface, side glasses, back wall, drain pan, and internal surface of the window using 70% ethanol (or other disinfectant depending on materials used in the cabinet). Do surface decontamination as well to the UV lights and electrical outlet when present. Do not use any disinfectant containing chlorine-based substance as this may cause corrosion of the stainless steel surfaces.
7. Surface-decontaminate all materials/apparatus before loading them into the work zone. Load and arrange the materials/apparatus to minimize the movement of contaminated items over clean items by segregating the contaminated items from the clean items into two equal areas, one on the left, and one on the right to provide best protection against cross contamination.
8. Put all the material/apparatus approximately 4 inches behind the sash window, whenever possible.
Never use the cabinet to store supplies or laboratory equipment. Placing excessive materials in the work zone may affect the airflow and containment capabilities of the cabinet
Do not block the front and back air grilles by any material/apparatus
Fig. 9 Material/apparatus blocking the front and back air grilles
Avoid use of toxic, explosive, or flammable substances within the cabinet unless the use has been specifically approved by a safety professional Never operate the cabinet when any alarms are activated Minimize the use of syringes or other sharp objects within the cabinet
9. After all the material/apparatus is arranged, adjust the sash to the normal operating height and allow the blower to run for another 3 minutes in order to purge the work zone of contaminants.
10. Minimize room activity (personnel movements, closing and opening of doors, etc.) as these external airflow disturbances may affect cabinet airflow and containment.
The user is strongly discouraged from using a gas Bunsen burner in the cabinet due to the airflow disturbance caused by the thermal currents from the burner - which may compromise cabinet performance. However, when the need for a Bunsen burner is established and approved by the safety officer then it should be operated at the right side of the work zone. The airflow sensor on Esco cabinets when installed in the work zone will be mounted on the left side and operating the burner at the right side will prevent any disruption to the cabinet airflow monitoring system. Please also refer to the operating instructions and warnings supplied with any gas service fixture retrofit kit supplied by Esco.
Fig. 10 Blackened filters due to carbon residues generated from the usage of Bunsen burner inside the cabinet
4.3 WORKING IN THE CABINET
1. User should always set the sash to normal working height (READY state) before starting any experiments. If the alarm indicator light blinks accompanied by the alarm sound, discontinue work immediately and follow the proper shutdown procedure on the next section 4.4. The user can then refer to the troubleshooting section (SERVICE SECTION, CHAPTER 3). If calibration has been performed properly, the LCD will show the downflow velocity (indicated by D) and the inflow velocity (indicated by I) as it is monitored by the airflow sensor. Sash alarm will be triggered if inflow velocity falls below its failing point.
2. Keep the front and back air grilles unobstructed by arms or objects.
3. Work from clean to dirty by following the segregation of clean and dirty materials/apparatus as described in the previous section. Work with one specimen at a time, recap before moving to the next specimens.
4. Work as far into the cabinet as possible, at least 150mm/6 inches back from the front air intake grille. Hold open tubes and bottles as horizontally as possible to avoid spillage. Discard empty tubes and bottles into the collection bags inside the cabinet immediately.
5. Use convenient pipetting aids. Do not mouth pipette. Use horizontal pipette discard pans containing appropriate disinfectant inside the biohazard safety cabinet. Do not use vertical pipette discard canisters on the floor outside the cabinet. Biohazard collection bags should be placed inside the cabinet.
6. In the case that streaking loops are to be sterilized to prevent cross-contamination of biological materials, an electrical incinerator is recommended.
7. Surface-decontaminate before removing any potentially contaminated items from the interior.
Never operate your cabinet while the sash alarm indicator is on Do not change the cabinet original blower speed unless the change is required by a decrease in measured air velocity. Adjustment should be made only by a qualified technician Do not operate the cabinet if fan fails to run
8. If you need to remove items from the biohazard cabinet or introduce new items, move in the cabinet in a slow and controlled manner. Move arms in and out of the work zone opening slowly and in the direction perpendicular to plane of the work zone opening. The rapid movement of arms in a sweeping motion may
disrupt the air curtain and may disrupt the air barrier and induce contaminants out of the cabinet. Be sure to surface-decontaminate first when removing arms from the cabinet.
9. In case of spillage, use absorbent pads or towels to cover the spill area, and then soak it with 10% bleach. Wait for 10 to 15 minutes before cleaning the affected and surrounding area (and equipments) with the appropriate disinfectant. Generally a 1% solution of an iodophor decontaminant (Wescodyne or equivalent) is effective against most viruses, fungi, vegetative bacteria, and most non-encysted amoeba.
10.A disinfectant detergent has the advantage of detergent activity, which is important because extraneous organic substances frequently interfere with the reaction between micro organisms and the active agent of the decontaminant.
11.Flood the top work surface tray and the drain pan below the work surface, with a disinfectant and wait for another 10 to 15 minutes. Remove excess disinfectant from the tray and drain pan by wiping with a sponge or cloth soaked in a decontaminant.
12. After the spillage is cleaned, discard your outer gloves and replace with a new pair. Allow the cabinet to purge for several minutes and autoclave all contaminated materials (including gloves, cloth, and sponge). Decontamination (with formaldehyde) may be necessary after a spillage where inaccessible surfaces may be contaminated.
13. Place aerosol-generating instruments as far into the interior of the cabinet as possible.
14. Clean materials should be at least 150 mm away from aerosol generating objects to minimize the chance for cross contamination.
15. Hold lids/covers above dishes/sample plates in order to prevent impingement of downward air.
16. Put air turbulence generating equipment such as centrifuge, blender, or sonicator towards the back of the cabinet, and stop other work while the equipment is operating.
17. If a vacuum line is present, protect the building vacuum system from biohazards by placing a cartridge filter between the vacuum trap and the source valve in the cabinet.
18.
When the sash is fully closed, the blower should be turned off to prevent overheating. NB: FAN PIN or ADMIN PIN is needed. This is a safety feature to prevent unauthorized personnel from shutting down the cabinet.
4.4 SHUTTING DOWN THE CABINET
1. It is recommended that the cabinet be operated continuously whenever possible to ensure containment and cleanliness. NB: airflow studies have shown that air from the cabinet may escape after the fan has been turned off, due to thermal currents from the interior of the cabinet. If the user chooses to turn the cabinet off at the end of a work session, the following procedures are recommended.
2. Leave the blower on for 3 minutes in order to purge airborne contamination from the work area. (0 minute is the default factory setting, to change the duration of the post-purge cycle please refer to section 4.5.1.3)
3. Discard all biohazard waste into the biohazard bags (including the outer gloves if double gloving was employed). Seal biohazard bags and dispose properly. (waste should be autoclaved, if appropriate)
4. Surface-decontaminate all materials/apparatus and remove them from the cabinet.
5. Thoroughly surface-decontaminate the work surface, side glasses, back wall, drain pan, and internal surface of the window using 70% ethanol (or other disinfectant depending on materials used in the cabinet). Do not use any disinfectant containing chlorine-based substance. Do surface decontamination as well to the UV lights and electrical outlet when present.
6. Turn off the blower and light, and then fully close the sash window. Activate UV lamp (when UV is present) for 50 to 60 minutes to decontaminate the interior of the cabinet. It is not recommended to leave the UV overnight as excessive usage of UV light will shorten the lamp life. The UV light should be replaced annually to maintain its effectiveness. (UV timer is disabled by default, please refer to section 4.5.1.4 for information on setting the UV timer)
Eyes and skin should not be exposed to direct ultraviolet light, fully close the sash window before activating the UV lamp Ultraviolet light should not be relied upon as the sole decontaminating agent Check the UV interlock regularly for correct operation The use of UV lamp in biological safety cabinets is explicitly discouraged in all major international standards and recommendations. Please refer to Appendix D for more information
6. Remove laboratory coat and gloves carefully and wash hands using germicidal soap thoroughly.
4.5 MENU OPTIONS
When you are entering menu options, the alarm will sound to indicate that the microprocessor is not monitoring the operation of the cabinet and as such will not give any airflow or sash position alarms. No further warnings will be given. Therefore, it is highly recommended for the customer to set the ADMIN PIN, which will restrict unauthorised access to the menu. Please refer to section 4.5.3.1 for further details. ADMIN PIN is enabled by default at the factory, the default PIN is 0009. Please refer to the following diagram for complete reference to all menu options available. Press UP or DOWN button to move through the menu options. The user is strongly advised to exit from the menu options after making any changes in order to prevent unauthorised access to the menu.
SET TIME
WARM UP
POST PURGE SETTINGS
UV TIMER
VELOCITY UNIT
TEMP UNIT
SET CONSTANT
CALIBRATION
ZERO SENSOR
CALIB SENSOR MENU NEW ADMIN PIN
NEW FAN PIN
ADMIN
A/F MONITOR
RESET B/H/M
RESET UV/H/M
RESET DEFAULT
NORMAL SET MODE MAINTENANCE
41 Chapter IV Operating Your Cabinet USER SECTION
4.5.1 SETTINGS Press SET to enter the SETTINGS menu. Use the UP and DOWN button to move through the available options. Press MENU to go back to the previous level. 4.5.1.1 SET TIME Users can set time of the day by increasing the hour and minute. The correct time will be maintained even after the cabinet was turned off. Press SET button to enter the SET TIME menu. The hour display will blink. Press UP or DOWN arrow button to choose the correct hour display. Press SET. The minute display will blink. Press UP or DOWN arrow button to choose the correct minute display. Press SET button to confirm the changes.
Fig. 11 Display sequence to set time
4.5.1.2 WARM UP Before the fan is fully functioning, there will be a period of warm-up. This is to ensure that the sensors, the fan, and the control system are stabilized, as well as purging the work zone of contaminants. The default setting is 3 minutes and user can set it up to 15 minutes. Press SET button to enter the WARM UP menu. The minute display will blink. Press UP or DOWN arrow button to choose the correct minute display. Press SET button to confirm the changes.
Fig. 12 Display sequence to set warm up time
4.5.1.3 POST PURGE After the user switches off the fan, there will be a period of post-purge. This feature is to ensure all residual
contaminants are purged from the work zone. The default setting is 0 minute and user can set it from 0 minute to 15 minutes. Setting it to 0 minute will disable this feature. However, it is recommended to purge the cabinet by leaving the fan on for around 3 minutes after the work is complete. Press SET button to enter the POST PURGE menu. The minute display will blink. Press UP or DOWN arrow button to choose the correct minute display. Press SET button to confirm the changes.
Fig. 13 Display sequence to set post purge time
4.5.1.4 UV TIMER To switch off the UV light automatically after a fixed period, UV TIMER menu can be used. The UV TIMER can be set up to 18 hours. By default, this feature is disabled. UV light, then, has to be switched off manually. Press SET button to enter the UV TIMER menu. The hour display will blink. Press UP or DOWN arrow button to choose the correct hour display. Press SET. The minute display will blink. Press UP or DOWN arrow button to choose the correct minute display. Press SET button to confirm the changes.
Fig. 14 Display sequence to set UV timer
4.5.1.5 AIR VELOCITY UNIT SELECTION Using this option, user can convert the air velocity unit from meter per second (m/s) to feet per minute (fpm) and vice versa. This will affect the display of the airflow when the fan is running, and display of calibration velocity. Press SET button to enter the VELOCITY UNIT menu. Press UP or DOWN arrow button to select the desired measurement unit. Press SET button to confirm the changes.
Fig. 15 Display sequence to select velocity unit
4.5.2 CALIBRATION Press SET to enter the CALIBRATION menu. Use the UP and DOWN button to move through the available options. Press MENU to go back to the previous level.
4.5.2.1 SET CONSTANT Every sensor manufactured by Esco has a specific Sensor Constant which is used for temperature compensation performed by the temperature sensor. For more information, please refer to Chapter 1 section 1.1 of SERVICE SECTION.
4.5.2.2 ZERO SENSOR This option is to let the controller record the specific sensor output voltage and correspond it to 0m/s or 0fpm. Refer to Chapter 1 section 1.1 of SERVICE SECTION for details on how to use this feature. 4.5.2.3 CALIB SENSOR This option allows proper calibration and operation of the airflow sensor alarm. There will be three points to be calibrated, namely inflow fail point, inflow nominal point, and downflow nominal point. Details of this option can be found in Chapter 1 section 1.1 of SERVICE SECTION
a. Calibration must be performed by qualified personnel. b. Calibration should be done when the airflow alarm accuracy is suspected and at least once a year.
4.5.3 ADMIN Press SET to enter the ADMIN menu. Use the UP and DOWN button to move through the available options. Press MENU to go back to the previous level
4.5.3.1 NEW ADMIN PIN ADMIN PIN restricts access to MENU functions, including service functions, like calibration. User must enter fourdigit PIN before accessing MENU. Admin PIN has higher priority and can be used to control the fan (override Fan PIN). ADMIN PIN can also be used to switch to Maintenance Mode from ERR.MSWITCH and AIRFAIL! Error condition. The default PIN is 0009. Setting PIN to 0000 will disable this feature. Please follow the following steps to set a new ADMIN PIN. Press SET button to enter the NEW ADMIN PIN menu. The first-digit display will blink. Press UP or DOWN arrow button to choose the desired first-digit number. Press SET. The second-digit display will blink. Press UP or DOWN arrow button to choose the desired second-digit display. Repeat steps until the fourth-digit display has been chosen. Press SET button to confirm the changes.
Fig.16 Display sequence to set admin PIN
4.5.3.2 NEW FAN PIN FAN PIN restricts access to fan control. User must enter four-digit PIN before switching fan on or off. As such, it can restrict access to operating the cabinet by unauthorized personnel. It will also prevent authorized shutdown of the cabinet when continuous operation is required. Note that continuous operation is recommended for better safety. FAN PIN is also needed to disable the alarm when the sash is fully raised and cleaning needs to be performed. It is recommended that the FAN PIN is issued only to personnel authorized to use the cabinet. The default PIN is 0001. Setting the PIN to 0000 will disable this feature. Please follow the following steps to set a new FAN PIN. Press SET button to enter the NEW FAN PIN menu. The first-digit display will blink. Press UP or DOWN arrow button to choose the desired first-digit number. Press SET. The second-digit display will blink. Press UP or DOWN arrow button to choose the desired second-digit display. Repeat steps until the fourth-digit display has been chosen. Press SET button to confirm the changes.
Fig.17 Display sequence to set fan PIN
4.5.3.3 A/F MONITOR Whenever the air velocity falls below the fail point, the air fail alarm will be triggered. This option is used to enable/disable alarm. By default, this feature is enabled Press SET button to enter the A/F MONITOR menu. Press UP or DOWN arrow button to enable or disable the A/F MONITOR. Press SET button to confirm the changes.
Fig. 18 Display sequence to set alarm setting feature
Disabling the airfail alarm is not recommended for normal operation. However, this may be necessary during exhaust collar or ducting system installation.
4.5.3.4 RESET B/H/M This option is used to reset the blower hour meter. The blower hour meter indicates how long the blower has been in operation. Maximum counter is set at 9999 hours. The counter value can be checked from maintenance mode. The value can also provide some help in setting up maintenance schedule, including filter changing. Please refer to the SERVICE SECTION for more details.
4.5.3.5 RESET UV/H/M This option is used to reset the UV hour meter. The UV hour meter indicated how long the UV lamp has been used. Maximum counter is set at 9999 hours. The counter value can be checked from maintenance mode. Please reset the UV hour meter after each UV replacement.
4.5.3.6 RESET DEFAULT User can reset the default setting by choosing this option. The features being reset are WARM-UP period (3 minutes), POST-PURGE period (0 minute), UV TIMER (0 min), UNIT SELECTION (m/s), ADMIN PIN (0009), and FAN PIN (0001). Note that the calibration setting is not reset to prevent the cabinet being unsafe to use. Press SET button to enter the RESET DEFAULT menu Press SET button to confirm the reset
4.5.4 SET MODE Press SET to enter the SET MODE menu. Use the UP and DOWN button to move through the available options. Press MENU to go back to the previous level.
4.5.4.1 NORMAL MODE This is the default operation mode. Every time the cabinet is restarted, this mode will be activated by default.
4.5.4.2 MAINTENANCE MODE
This mode should only be used during maintenance by qualified personnel. The maintenance mode can be used for some of the following purposes: 1. Calibration/ Performance validation 2. Filter scanning 3. Decontamination 4. Checking of input/output diagnostics
Please refer to Chapter 1 of the SERVICE SECTION for more details.
4.6 ERGONOMICS
During the operation of your cabinets, you will be more likely to do it in the sitting position. Advantages of sitting position: 1. The physiological energy cost and fatigue are reduced 2. It provides the body with a stable support
However, sitting position also has some drawbacks: 1. Limited working area 2. Possible risk of being constrained in a fix posture for a long time 3. One of the most stressful position for the back
Fortunately, it is possible to create a more comfortable and healthier working condition by following these simple steps: 1. Ensure there is enough space for your leg and feet 2. Keep the lower back comfortably supported by your chair. Adjust the chair or use a pillow behind your back when necessary 3. Position your fleet flat on the floor or a footrest. Don't dangle your feet and compress your thighs 4. Vary your sitting position throughout the day. Don't sit in one fixed posture all day 5. Eyes , some guidelines: a. Give your eyes frequent breaks. Periodically look away from the work area and focus at a distant point. b. Keep your sash and glasses clean c. Eliminate glare and reflections on the sash 6. Arrange and position your frequently used work materials to minimize the possibility of straining yourself 7. Exercise regularly Esco provides some ergonomics accessories such as: a. Armrest padding b. Lab chair c. Footrest Please contact your local distributor or Esco for further information.
CHAPTER V MAINTAINING YOUR CABINET
5.1 MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE Please kindly follow the suggested maintenance schedule in order to maintain your Esco cabinet at its optimum performance.
Daily 1. Thoroughly surface-decontaminate the work surface, side glasses, back wall, and internal surface of the window using 70% ethanol (or other disinfectant depending on materials used in the cabinet). Do not use any disinfectant containing chlorine-based substance as this will cause corrosion to steel and stainless steel resulting in irreparable damage to the cabinet structure. Do surface decontamination as well to the UV lights and electrical outlet when present. When cleaning the interior, the operator should not insert any part of his/her body into the work zone (except hands). 2. Alarm verification upon starting the cabinet.
Weekly 1. Thoroughly surface-decontaminate the drain pan using 70% ethanol (or other disinfectant depending on materials used in the cabinet). 2. Check the paper catch for retained materials.
Paper catch location is behind the back wall
Monthly 1. Using a damp cloth, clean the exterior surfaces of the cabinet, particularly the front and top of the cabinet, to remove any accumulated dust. 2. Check all the service fixtures (when present) for proper operation. 3. All daily activities.
Quarterly 1. Inspect the cabinet for any physical abnormalities or malfunction. Check both fluorescent tubes to ensure that they are functioning normally.
Chapter V Maintaining Your Cabinet 49 USER SECTION
2. When particularly difficult spots on stainless steel must be removed, MEK (methyl-ethyl-ketone) may be used. In such cases, wash immediately afterwards with clean water and liquid detergent using a polyurethane cloth or sponge. Regular cleaning of the stainless steel surface will preserve and maintain its attractive surface factory finish.
Annually 1. Have the cabinet recertified by a qualified certification technician. Please refer to performance validation/certification section on Chapter 3 section 3.4 2. Replace the UV lamp, when present 3. All quarterly activities
Biannually 1. Replace the fluorescent lamps 2. All annual activities
5.2 DECONTAMINATION It is the responsibility of the user to ensure the cabinet is properly decontaminated according to the nature of the pathogens being used in the following situation: a. before moving/relocating cabinet b. when changing the type of work being done in the cabinet c. before accessing contaminated areas for service, i.e. filter replacement
Decontamination is frequently performed by means of formaldehyde fumigation. For more information please refer to the section 1.6 of SERVICE SECTION
5.3 DISINFECTING AGENTS 1. For stainless steel, all common disinfecting agents except chlorine-based agents are suitable. 2. For powder coated surfaces, all common disinfecting agents are suitable. However, the cabinet has been specifically evaluated for use with the following: a. 1N hydrochloric acid b. 1N sodium hydroxide c. 1% quaternary ammonium compound d. 5% formaldehyde e. 5,000 ppm hypochlorite f. 2% iodophor g. 5% phenol h. 70% ethyl alcohol
3. Other types of disinfecting agents may also be selected depending on the type of agents used during the operation of the cabinet.
Table 1 Disinfecting Agents and Their Effectiveness Against Different Type of Contaminants
Ethylene Oxide Paraformaldehyde (gas) Quarternary Ammonium Compounds Vegetative bacteria Bacterial spores Lipo viruses Hydrophylic viruses Tubercl bacilli HIV HBV Phenolic Compounds Chlorine Compounds Iodophor Compounds Alcohol (ethyl or isopropyl) Formaldehyde (liquid) Glutaraldehyde
+ + + + + + +
+ + + + + + +
+ x
+ x
+ + + + + + +
+ x +
+ + + + +
+ x + + x
+ x + + x
+ + + + +
+ x
+ x blank
denotes very positive response denotes a less positive response denotes a negative response or not applicable
4. Specifically for internal work zone surfaces (back wall, side wall, work surface, below work surface) for daily cleaning before and after starting work when no specific cleaning agent has been selected for the type of work being carried out in the cabinet, Esco suggests that the surface be cleaned with detergent and wiped with alcohol
User Monthly Maintenance Schedule Model:___________________ Serial No:________________ Clean exterior surface Check all service fixtures Operator Signature Manager Signature Year: ________________
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Daily 1. Surface decontaminate work zone 2. Alarm verification upon starting the cabinet Weekly 1. Surface decontaminate drain pan 2. Check paper catch Quarterly 1. Check for malfunction; check that fluorescent tubes function normally 2. Remove spots on stainless steel surface using MEK Annually 1. Re-certification 2. Change UV lamp (when present) Bi-anually Replace fluorescent lamps
This form may be used by the lab manager/safety officer to enforce the user maintenance schedule
SERVICE SECTION
CHAPTER I MAINTENANCE BY SERVICE PERSONNEL
The following procedures should only be performed by qualified personnel 1.1 CALIBRATION OF SENTINEL CONTROL The idea of calibrating the controller is to let the controller record particular output voltages from the airflow sensor and correspond them to fail and nominal points of air velocity. After the calibration is completed, the control will be able to show the air velocity when the fan is running. All the shipped cabinets have been factory-tested and calibrated. When is calibration needed? First installation Unknown cause of airflow alarm During annual (re)certification
Please note that the calibration steps described below are with regard to Sentinel control only. Please refer to the test report, calibration section for the details of the calibration steps, equipment, and other testing procedures.
1.1.1
MAINTENANCE MODE Before calibration is performed, it is necessary to set the cabinet to maintenance mode. In this mode, it is
possible to lower the sash window without automatically cutting off the light. This is important because the blower voltage will slightly increase if the lights is off, resulting in a minor discrepancy in calibration. Also in maintenance mode, the alarms and UV light are disabled and the ADMIN PIN/FAN PIN is not required every time the MENU button/FAN button is pressed, so that it is easier for calibration to be performed. Please follow the steps below to set the cabinet to maintenance mode 1. Place the sash at READY state 2. Press MENU to enter the menu options. 3. ADMIN PIN is needed. Default PIN is 0009. Maintenance mode can also be used for other purposes such as filter scanning, decontamination and checking the input/output diagnostics.
Fig. 19 Display sequence after entering menu options in normal mode
Chapter I Maintenance by Service Personnel 52 SERVICE SECTION
4. Use the DOWN arrow button to find the SET MODE menu. 5. Press SET to enter the SET MODE menu. 6. Use the DOWN arrow button to find MAINTENANCE mode. 7. Press SET to select MAINTENANCE mode 8. Press MENU to go back to the previous level.
Fig. 20 Display in maintenance mode
Some characteristics of maintenance mode: a. (!) instead of time is displayed on the screen. b. No warm up/post purge for the fan. c. No access to UV light d. No PIN is required to control the fan and entering menu options. e. Air velocity will always be displayed. f. Diagnostic message will be displayed when SET is pressed. g. The LCD will always blink to indicate to the user that the cabinet is not safe to be used
DISPLAY 1. C104A V2.0 2. M.: Maintenance 3. M.SWITCH_0: ON/OFF 4. M.SWITCH_1: ON/OFF 5. M.SWITCH_1: ON/OFF 6. FAN: ON/OFF 7. WARM UP: XX 8. PURGE:XX 9. B/H/M:XXXX 10. LIGHT: ON/OFF 11. SOCKET: ON/OFF 12. UV: ON/OFF 13. UV TIMER:XXXX 14. UV/H/M:XXXX 15. A/F MONITOR:D/E 16. ADC_A/F : XXXX 17. ADC_D/Z: XXXX 18. D/N_VEL: XXXX 19. ADC_I/F: XXXX 20. ADC_I/N:XXXX 21. ADC_TEMP: XXXX 22. TEMP : 00 C/F 23. T_CONS: 050
DESCRIPTION Software version Mode Magnetic switch 0 at J3 J10 J11 Fan status Warm up time Purging time Blower hour meter Light status Socket status UV status UV timer UV lamp hour meter Airflow monitor status (enable or disable) ADC value of current air-velocity sensor ADC value of down-flow zero point Nominal downflow air velocity ADC value of inflow fail point ADC value of inflow nominal point ADC value of temperature sensor Current temperature (Celsius or Fahrenheit) Temperature compensation formula constant
* ADC stands for Analog to Digital Conversion
1.1.2
CALIBRATION MENU
1. Press MENU to enter the menu options. 2. No PIN is required. 3. Use the DOWN arrow button to find the CALIBRATION menu. 4. Press SET to enter the CALIBRATION menu. 5. Use the UP and DOWN arrow button to move through the available options. 6. Press MENU to go back to the previous level. 1.1.2.1 ZERO SENSOR The sensor must be zeroed first before we can proceed to sensor calibration. The microprocessor will retain the zero setting that has been set at the factory. For zeroing the sensor, make sure the fan has been turned off (default FAN PIN is 0001) for at least 3 minutes to let the airflow sensor to stabilize due to absence of airflow. Please also make sure that the perforation on the sensor housing is closed by masking tape to eliminate the external airflow disturbance such as room HVAC system and to ensure that the sensor output voltage will correspond to 0 m/s or 0 fpm. 1. Press SET button to enter the ZERO SENSOR menu. 2. There will be warning message READ MANUAL. This is to ensure that unauthorised personnel are informed before using this option. 3. Press SET. The fan is automatically switched off if it was on. In this case, wait for 3 minutes. 4. The LCD will display BLOCK A/F SENSOR to remind the user to close the perforation on the sensor housing before proceeding; this is to ensure that the sensor output voltage will correspond to 0 m/s or 0fpm. 5. Press SET to confirm. The control will then record the sensor output voltage. 6. The process is completed when ZERO SET is displayed.
Fig. 21 Display sequence to calibrate the zero point
1.1.2.2 CALIB SENSOR Please ensure that you have performed the ZERO SENSOR step before proceeding with this CALIB SENSOR step. For calibrating the sensor, make sure the fan has been turned on (default FAN PIN is 0001) for at least 3 minutes to let both the blower and airflow sensor to stabilize. Please ensure that the perforation on the sensor housing is not blocked and that sensors through-hole is perpendicular to the filter surface to get an accurate airflow reading. 1. Press SET button to enter the CALIB SENSOR menu. 2. There will be warning message READ MANUAL. This is to ensure that unauthorised personnel are informed before using this option. 3. Press SET. The fan is automatically switched on if it was off (in this case, wait 3 minutes for the cabinet to warm up. PLS CHECK PANEL message is displayed; please check that all LEDs and buzzer are on for 6 seconds.
Fig.22 Display sequence when starting calibration
4. The next step is calibration of the inflow fail point. The LCD will display FAIL PT (I) and I: 0.40 m/s alternately. 5. Using available measurement tools, adjust the speed control such that the actual inflow velocity is 0.40 m/s. 6. Once the velocity is achieved, press SET and wait for 3 minutes. The control will then record the sensor output voltage
Fig. 23 Display sequence to set the inflow fail point
7. The next step is calibration of the inflow nominal point. The LCD will display NOMINAL PT (I) and I: 0.45 m/s alternately. 8. Using available measurement tools, adjust the speed control such that the actual inflow velocity is 0.45 m/s. 9. Once the velocity is achieved, press SET and wait for 3 minutes. The control will then record the sensor output voltage
Fig. 24 Display sequence to set the inflow nominal point
10. After the above recording is done, the LCD will display KEEP FAN VOLTAGE. Do not change the blower speed control setting nor the damper opening. 11. The next step is calibration of the downflow nominal point. The LCD will display D.VEL: 0.30 m/s, with number 30 blinking. 12. If the downflow at nominal inflow voltage is 0.30 m/s, press SET button. 13. If the 0.30 m/s downflow could not be reached, use the UP and DOWN arrow button to change the displayed downflow value accordingly, then press SET button. 14. After the above recording is done, CALIBRATION DONE will be displayed and the buzzer confirmation will beep, indicating that all points are already calibrated.
Fig. 25 Display sequence to set the downflow nominal point and completing calibration
15. If CALIBRATION ERR is displayed, the calibration must be performed again.
Fig. 26 Display indicating the calibration is erroneous
1.1.3
FINAL CHECKING IN NORMAL MODE
1. The cabinet need to be set back to normal mode. Place the sash at READY state 2. Press MENU to enter the menu options. 3. No PIN is required. 4. Use the DOWN arrow button to find the SET MODE menu. 5. Press SET to enter the SET MODE menu. 6. Use the UP arrow button to find MAINTENANCE mode. 7. Press SET to select NORMAL mode. 8. Press MENU to go back to the previous level. Press MENU one more time to exit from MENU. 9. Lower the speed control setting to the inflow fail point voltage. Check if the displayed inflow velocity is 0.40 m/s and the alarm is activated; the AIRFAIL! will be displayed.
Fig. 27 Display indicating air fail
10. Increase the speed control setting back to the inflow nominal point voltage. The inflow velocity show on LCD should be 0.45 m/s and the downflow velocity shown on LCD is the downflow velocity that was entered.
Fig. 28 Display indicating air safe
NB: Calibration is usually done at the same time and the same personnel during (re)certification Please note that the calibration steps described above are with regard to Sentinel control only. Please refer to the test report, calibration section for the details of the calibration steps, equipment, and other testing procedures.
Please refer to the Operation Mode Summary on the next page.
OPERATION MODE SUMMARY

Sash Position Function Available
Sash Position Detection
Normal Mode & Airfail Alarm On

Yes
Normal Mode & Airfail Alarm Off
Maintenance Mode
No Yes, without WARM UP & PURGING time, no PIN required Yes Yes Yes, no UV timer Yes, no PIN required Complete Diagnostic Message No No, "(!)" displayed Yes No Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable
READY
Fan Control Light Control Socket Control UV Control MENU Access Pressing Set button Timer Current Time Display Air Velocity Display Air Fail checking Sash Position Detection Message Displayed Current Time Display Alarm
Yes Yes, with WARM UP & PURGING Yes, with WARM UP & PURGING time, time, FAN PIN required FAN PIN required Yes Yes Yes Yes Interlocked Interlocked Yes, ADMIN PIN required Yes, ADMIN PIN required Simple Diagnostic Message Simple Diagnostic Message Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No, "FAN ON" displayed If not calibrated, displaying "ERR.CALIB" Yes, Alarm if air fails No Yes Yes "SASH ALARM" "SASH ALARM" Yes Yes Yes, not mutable Yes, not mutable Y, with WARM UP & PURGING time, FAN PIN required No Yes Interlocked Yes "FULLY OPEN" Yes Yes, mutable for 5 minutes Yes, with WARM UP & PURGING time, FAN PIN required Yes Yes Interlocked Yes Yes "UV MODE" No No Yes Yes Y, with WARM UP & PURGING time, FAN PIN required No Yes Interlocked Yes "FULLY OPEN" Yes Yes, mutable for 5 minutes Yes, with WARM UP & PURGING time, FAN PIN required Yes Yes Interlocked Yes Yes "UV MODE" No No Yes Yes
SASH ALARM Fan Control Light Control Socket Control UV Control Sash Position Detection Message Displayed Current Time Display Alarm FULLY OPEN Fan Control Light Control Socket Control UV Control Sash Position Detection SWITCH OFF Fan requested Message Displayed Fan Control Light Control Socket Control UV Control Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable
UV MODE
Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable
1.2 SOFTWARE UPDATE
WARNING: SOFTWARE UPDATE PROCEDURE WILL CAUSE CALIBRATION DATA TO BE ERASED FROM YOUR SYSTEM. ENSURE THAT THE SYSTEM IS RECALIBRATED AFTERWARD
As time progresses there might be changes and upgrades on the software embedded into the Sentinel control. A software update, via Internet download is possible by purchasing a toolkit from Esco at a nominal cost.
The software update is not mandatory unless for safety reason. Any update on the software will be posted on website (http://biotech.escoglobal.com/support/sentinel).
1.3 CABINET AIRFLOW BALANCING After some period of usage, the pressure drop across HEPA/ULPA filters will increase, otherwise known as filter loading. By increasing the fan speed, we can compensate this effect. However, there is a limit to this increment in speed which is the maximum supply voltage according to the fan performance curve. If this happens, and the required cabinet performance cannot be achieved (please refer to the filter changing section below), the filters must be changed. Please follow the steps described below to adjust the fan speed: 1. Remove the 2 screws from the bottom of blue panel and lift up the blue panel. 2. Remove thumbscrew from the electrical panel cover. The electrical panel cover is equipped with hinges which will support the cover when it is opened. 3. Adjust the speed control to achieve the required velocity. 4. Recertify the cabinet when speed is adjusted 1.4 FILTER CHANGING
WARNING: 2 PERSONS MAY BE REQUIRED TO FACILITATE FILTER CHANGING ON 5 FT AND 6 FT CABINET Please refer to the addendum pages on leak testing and general repair procedure of filters at the end of this section. The 2 HEPA/ULPA filters under normal usage and barring an accident (a puncture), do not need replacement until the inflow /and downflow velocity cannot be maintained at the specifications required by the test report even though the fan has been set to maximum speed. The filters should not be replaced until the entire cabinet has been decontaminated. Please refer to the decontamination procedure section 1.6 The filter changing diagram is provided above. Two steps of tightening are necessary with the first round torque strength of one third of the final torque required. Over tightening may cause damage to filter and cause leak. Please look at the following pictures to help you understand about the correct tightening sequence.
The cabinet must undergo recertification after filter changing. 1. Before the filters are removed from the cabinet, their contaminated faces should be taped off using plastic film or cardboard or some other suitable material. This will minimize the risk of personnel in the event the decontamination was not thorough. 2. Used filters should be disposed following local regulations. They may have to be incinerated as medical waste. They should be double bagged and appropriately labelled following removal from the cabinet. Refer to Limitation of Liability on page 4 3. Proper personnel protective attire should be worn when removing used filters (a disposable gown, gloves, face mask, hair and shoe covers are appropriate). These should be disposed after the procedure. Proper hand washing after the procedure is also necessary.
4. Before the new filters are installed, all surfaces should be thoroughly cleaned of silicon and/or adherent gasket material. The new filter should be carefully handled and examined prior to fitting. It is important that the filters and the gaskets be checked for leaks prior to use. The use of non-Esco parts and/or parts not supplied directly by Esco or our authorized distributors, including but not limited to maintenance parts, spare parts, replacement parts, system components and/or system accessories, shall void all expressed or implied warranties. 1.4.1 Replacement of Fluorescent Lamp(s) 1. Check the replacement parts list at the end of this manual. 2. Disconnect the electrical connections. 3. Remove the 2 screws from the bottom of blue panel and lift up the blue panel. Caution: The front panel is equipped with a gas spring which will open the front panel automatically. 4. The fluorescent lamp(s) is located behind the blue panel. Disconnect the old one(s) and replace with the new one(s). 1.4.2 Replacement of UV Lamp 1. Check the replacement parts list at the end of this manual 2. Disconnect the electrical connections 3. Take out the old UV lamp by rotating it 90 counter clockwise and pull downward 4. Install the new UV lamp by pushing it upward and rotate 90 clockwise. 1.5 RECERTIFICATION The following tests should be performed: 1. Downflow velocity 2. Inflow velocity 3. Airflow smoke patterns test 4. Filter leak test (filter media leak test and filter gasket leak test) Please refer to the flow chart at the end of this section 5. Site installation assessment test 6. Optional tests: a. Electrical safety b. KI Discus (Please refer to Appendix C) c. Light intensity test d. Vibration level test e. Noise level test f. UV intensity test 7. Airflow alarm calibration should also be performed The testing methods and equipment required are specified on the test report.
o o
It is recommended that these tests be performed only by a qualified technician who is familiar with the methods and procedures for certifying biological safety cabinets. Esco conducts training courses on the validation and certification of biohazard safety cabinets. If you are interested you are most welcome to contact your distributor or Esco Micro Pte Ltd.
LEAK TESTING OF HEPA FILTERS
IF GASKET LEAKS
IF FILTER MEDIUM LEAKS
A LEAK IS FOUND
IF FRAME LEAKS
TIGHTEN CLAMPS OR SEAL WITH SILICONE

IF GASKET STILL LEAKS
EXAMINE FILTER FOR DAMAGE

IF NO DAMAGE IS FOUND
EXAMINE FRAME FOR BYPASS
SEAL WITH SILICONE

IF FRAME DEFECT IS FOUND IF CABINET LEAK IS FOUND
VERIFY THAT LEAK IS NOT A CABINET LEAK
RE-EXAMINE FRAME
IF NONE IS FOUND
IF DAMAGE IS FOUND
ROTATE FILTER END FOR END 1800
IF LOCATION OF LEAK IS UNCHANGED
IF NOT A CABINET LEAK
REPLACE FILTER AND RETEST AFTER REPLACEMENT

IF LEAK MOVES WITH FILTER
General Filter Repair Procedure If leaks are found on the filter, there is a possibility that this filter can still be repaired by patching it using glue. Follow the guideline and procedure below.
Filter patch shall not exceed 3% of the total filter area and the maximum length of a patch is 4 cm (based on NSF 49:2002)
1. Obtain 3M DP-100 clear glue.
2. Connect the glue tube to the nozzle.
3. Install the glue tube to the glue gun.
4. Get some used and unwanted papers.
5. Squeeze the trigger on the gun until the glue exits from the nozzle. Run the glue on the paper for about 2 cm while pressing the nozzle against the paper to prevent a blob on the nozzle exterior tip. The nozzle must be moved rapidly on the paper to prevent the blob from forming. If we have a blob, we can not accurately inject the glue on the filter.
6. Inject the glue on the leaking area of the filter. Let the gravity help the glue to go down to the desired location. Make sure the hole on the filter is completely covered.
7. Let the glue solidify (cure) for approximately 20 minutes
8. The procedure is complete.
The success of this procedure must be verified by performance certification of the cabinet before resuming normal operation.
1.6 DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURE A complete decontamination kit is available from Esco with all materials, equipment and supplies required to carry out decontamination for safety cabinets.
Decontamination should be performed under these following conditions: before any maintenance works requiring access to the inside of the cabinet including filter and blower changing/checking after and accidental spill where inaccessible surfaces may be contaminated before performance validation and re-certification, especially when the cabinet has been used with Biosafety Level 3 agents before cabinet relocation
Decontamination should only be performed by qualified personnel
1.6.1 WARNING ON FORMALIN EXPOSURE The decontamination is frequently performed by means of formaldehyde fumigation or paraformaldehyde depolymerisation 1. External contact can cause irritation to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes 2. Inhalation in small concentration can cause coughing, nausea, and diarrhoea 3. Inhalation in large concentration can cause convulsions, coma, and death 4. Long term exposure can cause cancer PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LEVEL (PEL): 0.75 ppm for 8 hr TIME WEIGHTED AVERAGE (TWA) SHORT TERM EXPOSURE LEVEL (STEL): 2 ppm for 15 minutes exposure, 4 times a day, minimum of 60 minutes between exposures. (based on OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration exposure limit USA)
Care should be taken when working with formaldehyde which is "reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen" (IARC 1982, 1987, 1995). Personnel should be given adequate training and local safety regulations should be observed. Following links provide general guidelines on formaldehyde safety:
Regulations (Standards - 29 CFR) Formaldehyde - 1910.1048, Occupational Safety and Health Standards, OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration), U.S. Department of Labor http://www.osha.gov
OSHA Formaldehyde Fact sheet (PDF format) http://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_General_Facts/formaldehyde-factsheet.pdf
Ammonia STEL: 35 ppm for 15 minutes exposure, 4 times a day, minimum of 60 minutes between exposure (based on OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration exposure limit)
1.6.2 COMMON LIST OF EQUIPMENTS USED 1. Device to measure the formaldehyde concentration Formaldemeter 400 has been found to be suitable and can be obtained from: PPM Technology (UK) http://www.ppm-technology.com
2. Device to measure the ammonia concentration Draeger-Tubes and Accuro pump has been found to be suitable: Dragerwerk AG (Germany) http://www.draeger.com/index.html Tubes with a measuring range of 0-100 ppm are recommended
3. Spore strips (optional)
1.6.3 APPROPRIATE PROTECTIVE CLOTHING 1. A solid front, back closing, full body, long-sleeved disposable lab gown is recommended. 2. Disposable Shoe covers 3. Disposable surgical/PVC gloves for hand protection. Gloves should be pulled over the knitted wrists of the gown rather than worn inside. Double gloving should be considered. Gloves should be worn while handling the formalin and ammonia solutions. Nitrile gloves, which exhibit a high resistance to formaldehyde and are less prone to cause allergic skin reactions as compared to latex should be used. 4. Full-faced mask with a disposable dust and mist respirator. The face shield should be wiped clean with a suitable tissue and water after each use.
1.6.4 COMMON APPARATUS a. Beaker b. Measuring cylinder c. Tape (3m-3939 is recommended) d. Air-tight bag that can enclose the entire cabinet (can be ordered from Esco) e. Measuring tape f. Biohazard waste bag g. Hand-drill, screwdriver, and socket key (M4 and M5)
1.6.5 COMMON PREPARATION STEPS 1. It may be suitable to conduct a safety briefing for all personnel in the laboratory where the cabinet is sited prior to carrying out the procedure. Suitable materials may be obtained from Esco. 2. Access to the laboratory should be restricted during the procedure. A warning sign should be posted on the door of the lab to warn all personnel (a suitable label is available from Esco). No personnel should enter the lab until the procedure is complete and the formaldehyde concentration has been verified to be within safe limits.
3. Prior to carrying out the procedure, contingency plans should be made in case there is a breach in the cabinet seal and formaldehyde escapes into the surrounding laboratory environment. The room ventilation design should be understood and the appropriate equipment should be available on hand to vent the formaldehyde (for example by means of connecting a flexible hose via a small exhaust fan to vent the vapour into an adjacent fume cupboard) Special care should also be taken in case air from the laboratory is re-circulated to other parts of the building in which case a formaldehyde breach could necessitate the evacuation of other areas in the building. 4. Measure the length, width and height of the air tight bag that enclosed the whole cabinet to get the volume. If any ductwork is used, the volume must also be taken into account for the calculation of the chemicals needed.
1.6.6 DECONTAMINATION PROCESS There are 2 alternative combinations of decontaminants and its neutralizer which commonly used: 1. 37% formalin solution (HCHO) and 25% ammonia solution (NH4OH) as neutralizer 2. paraformaldehyde and ammonium bicarbonate (NH4CO3) as neutralizer The process involved will be slightly different and both will be discussed in detail.
Alternatively, instead of neutralisation there can also be other ways to cancel out the effect of formaldehyde/paraformaldehyde such as: * connect a temporary duct to the cabinet and exhaust the gas to a fume cupboard * connect a temporary duct to the external atmosphere using a temporary form connection * if the cabinet itself is ducted, the existing duct connection can be used to exhaust the gas However, it is important to ensure compliance with the local law and regulations.
1.6.6.1 FORMALDEHYDE AMMONIA COMBINATION
Additional apparatus needed: * Vaporizer minimum 2; 1 for each chemical solution
1. Calculate the amount of formalin and ammonia needed based on the volume obtained on no.4 in the previous section 1.6.5 : Total volume (m3) x 60 ml/m3
* Formalin amount (ml)
The combined solution is to be diluted using the same amount of water
60 ml of formalin plus 60 ml of water should be vaporized per cubic metre of volume obtained (based on EN 12469). It is possible to reduce the amount needed to 15 ml of formalin and 15 ml of water in which longer formalin residence time may be required for the method to be effective; spore strips should also be used to verify the effectiveness.
* Ammonia amount (ml) Steps to get exact reaction a) b)
Known Volume of formalin (37% solution of formaldehyde, weight / volume, in water) is A ml Determine the weight of the formaldehyde element present in the formalin solution from known volume = A ml / 100 ml x 40 gr = B gr (assumption is that 40 grams of formaldehyde element are present in 100ml of water)
c)
Determine the number of moles of formaldehyde from the weight = B gr / 30.026 gr = C mole
d)
Determine the number of moles of ammonia required to react with the above number of moles of formaldehyde 4 / 6 x C mole = D mole
e)
Determine the weight of ammonia equivalent to the above number of moles of ammonia = D x 17.03 gr = E gr
f)
Determine the volume of ammonia solution (25% solution) required = E gr / 0.25 gr/ml = F ml
In other words Approximately 100ml of formalin (37% w/v solution) requires 60ml of ammonia (25% solution) for complete reaction as recommended by EN12469
Note: a) 45 ml formalin = 0.6 mole formalin b) 6 mole formalin reacts with 4 mole ammonia c) 37% formaldehyde contains 40 gr of formaldehyde in 100 ml of the solution d) formalin molecular weight = 30.026 gr e) ammonia molecular weight = 17.03 gr f) ammonia density for 25% ammonia solution = 25% x 0.91 kg/L (1 L solution = 0.91 kg of ammonia and water)
2.
As formaldehyde is typically non-penetrating, cabinet does not have to be pressure tight. Completely enclose the cabinet using a plastic bag and ensure air-tightness inside the enclosure by utilising tape in all appropriate places. Pay special attention to the power supply cables.
Please pay special attention to the cables ensure they are taped properly so that there are no leaks
3. 4.
Wear the appropriate protective clothing (Refer to section 1.6.3 above) Thoroughly surface-decontaminate the work surface, side walls, inner back walls, drain pan, and interior surface of the window using 70% ethanol or other disinfectant depending on the user's requirement. Do
not use any disinfectant containing chlorine-based substance. Do surface decontamination as well to the UV lights and electrical outlet when present 5. Pour formalin to a measuring cylinder to get the correct volume based on the calculation; then pour it into the vaporizer.
5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Add same volume of water into the vaporizer Close the vaporizer opening and make sure it is in OFF condition Pour ammonia into another vaporizer with the amount based on calculation. Put both vaporizers on the table tray of the cabinet. Surface decontaminate the cap of the aerosol sampling port before removing the cap Remove the cap as to ensure formaldehyde penetrate the entire inner surface
Do not open the cap while the blower is on and the cabinet unsealed
10. Connect the formalin vaporizer to the electrical outlet inside/outside the cabinet work zone.
11. Turn on the formalin vaporizer
12. After approximately 50% of the formalin has been vaporized, turn on the cabinet blower for around 10-15 seconds. After the evaporation is completed, turn on the cabinet blower for around 10-15 seconds. 13. Allow the formaldehyde gas a minimum residence time of 6 hours, preferably over night. 14. Scan the formaldehyde concentration in room air when entering the room.
15. Turn on the ammonia vaporizer 16. After approximately 25% of the ammonia has been vaporized, turn on the cabinet blower for around 5 minutes 17. Allow the ammonia gas a minimum residence time of 6 hours. 18. See completion steps section 1.6.7
1.6.6.2 PARAFORMALDEHYDE AMMONIUM BICARBONATE COMBINATION
Additional apparatus needed: * Heating device (e.g. frying pan) * aluminium foil
Check temperature and humidity. The inside cabinet work zone should be at room temperature greater than 210C with 60% to 85% relative humidity. Use the hot plate to heat the beaker of water until the desired temperature and humidity are achieved
Without the proper relative humidity, the formaldehyde gas will not be effective. The mode of entry of formaldehyde into the living organisms is through the cell wall by the absorption of water
1. Calculate the amount of paraformaldehyde and ammonium bicarbonate needed based on the volume obtained on no.4 in the previous section 1.6.5 : Total volume (m3) x 11gram/m3
* Paraformaldehyde amount (gram)
* Ammonium bicarbonate amount (gram)
a) Determine the stoichiometric amount of ammonium bicarbonate to neutralize the resulting formaldehyde gas with ammonia gas b) Weigh the ammonium bicarbonate so that its weight is 10% greater than the weight of the paraformaldehyde used to ensure completion of the reaction.
2.
As formaldehyde is typically non-penetrating, cabinet does not have to be pressure tight. Completely enclose the cabinet using a plastic bag and ensure air-tightness inside the enclosure by utilising tape in all appropriate places. Pay special attention to the power supply cables.
Please pay special attention to the cables ensure they are taped properly so that there are no leaks
3. 4.
Wear the appropriate protective clothing (Refer to section 1.6.3 above) Thoroughly surface-decontaminate the work surface, side walls, inner back walls, drain pan, and interior surface of the window using 70% ethanol or other disinfectant depending on the user's requirement. Do not use any disinfectant containing chlorine-based substance. Do surface decontamination as well to the UV lights and electrical outlet when present
5.
Spread the paraformaldehyde evenly over the heating surface of the heating device
The auto ignition temperature of paraformaldehyde is 3000C (5720F) 6. Another heating device is place on the work tray for the ammonium bicarbonate. The ammonium bicarbonate should be separated from the air in the cabinet until needed
Two examples of how the separation can be achieved: Example 1: Spread the ammonium bicarbonate evenly over the heating surface of the heating device. Cover the top of the device with aluminium foil in such a way as to prevent the ammonium bicarbonate from reacting with the formaldehyde during decontamination
The aluminium foil can be placed to allow the escape of ammonia gas when heated or provision can be made to remove the aluminium foil remotely at the start of the neutralization phase The removal technique must not allow unsafe levels of formaldehyde to escape the cabinet. Example 2: Seal the cabinet using plastic with gloves as an integral part of the sheet of plastic. The ammonium bicarbonate is placed in a sealed container inside the cabinet. At the neutralization phase, the person performing the decontamination reaches into the cabinet without breaking the seal by using the gloves. The ammonium bicarbonate is removed from the sealed container and spread evenly over the heating surface of the heating device. The heating device is energized and the ammonium bicarbonate is heated and releases ammonia
7. 8. 9.
Surface decontaminate the cap of the aerosol sampling port before removing the cap Connect the heating device for paraformaldehyde to the electrical outlet outside the cabinet work zone After approximately 25% of the paraformaldehyde has been vaporized, turn on the cabinet blower for 10-15 seconds. Repeat after 50%, 75%, and 100% of the paraformaldehyde has depolymerised.
10. Allow the formaldehyde gas a minimum residence time of 6 hours, preferably over night. 11. Scan the formaldehyde concentration in room air using the when entering the room 12. Connect the heating device for ammonium bicarbonate to the electrical outlet inside/outside the cabinet work zone 13. After approximately 25% of the ammonium bicarbonate has been vaporized, turn on the cabinet blower for 10-15 seconds. Repeat after 50%, 75%, and 100% of the ammonium bicarbonate has depolymerised. 14. Allow the ammonia gas a minimum residence time of 4 hours. 15. When cleaning up, you may find residual paraformaldehyde (white powder) on the surfaces. To remove this, use ammonia in warm water and wipe down the affected surfaces. The paraformaldehyde will dissolve in water and be neutralized by the ammonia. 16. See completion steps section 1.6.7
1.6.7 COMPLETION STEPS
1. 2.
Check the ammonia concentration in room air. Check the formaldehyde concentration in room air at the end of the decontamination cycle, prior to resuming work on the cabinet. During this procedure, until the area is determined to be safe, a full face gas mask equipped with a formaldehyde canister, should be worn. The filter for the mask must be selected for the appropriate level of formaldehyde exposure. It must also be replaced regularly following the manufacturers instructions.
3. 4. 5.
Check the formaldehyde and ammonia concentration inside the cabinet. Take out the plastic bag that enclosed the cabinet. Remove all the apparatus from inside the cabinet.
6.
Remove disposable gown and gloves carefully and wash hands using germicidal soap thoroughly.
1.6.8 VALIDATION OF DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURE (OPTIONAL) 1. Place some Bacillus subtilis var.niger spore strips inside the cabinet: (optional) * work surface/table tray * drain pan * downstream HEPA filter
Spore strips on work surface
2. Place the similar strips outside the decontamination room for positive control (optional).
A suitable source may be obtained form the following: STS duoTEK, Inc., USA http://www.stsduotek.com/bio-indicators.html 3. Remove all the spore strips and place in Trypticase-soy broth and incubate for 7 days at 37oC.
4. If there is no growth of bacteria inside the broth (the broth remains clear), the decontamination procedure
has been successfully verified.
CHAPTER II PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
2.1 ENGINEERING DETAILS (AC2-XA) PLEASE REFER TO THE END OF THIS CHAPTER 2.2 OPTIONAL RETROFIT K ITS 1. Support Stand (WARNING: 2 persons are required to assembly the support stand as it is heavy) To enable mobility of the cabinet within the laboratory and for users without bench space Types available: a. Standard (with castors) b. With levelling feet 2. IV Bar with 6 hooks For IV bags filling applications 3. Service Fixtures (both European and American style fixtures available) To provide supplies of gas, vacuum, water and compressed air to the cabinet For vacuum fixture, please install a filter between the work zone and the fixture. 4. Germicidal UV Lamp For germicidal decontamination 5. Electrical socket/GFCI outlets (total 6A rating for all outlets in cabinet) To allow users to use electrical devices, such as ultra-sonic bath, hotplate and electronic weighing scale inside the work-zone. For 115 V cabinets, the GFCI outlets will shut off in the event of earth leakage (0.4mA 0.6mA) 6. Thimble (non air-tight) exhaust collar. 7. Formalin vaporiser (for decontamination) 8. Base storage cabinet 9. Armrest padding 10.Ergonomic footrest 11.Ergonomic adjustable lab chair
2.3 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION PLEASE REFER TO THE END OF THIS CHAPTER 2.4 ELECTRICAL DIAGRAM PLEASE REFER TO THE END OF THIS CHAPTER
Chapter II Product Specification 74 SERVICE SECTION
2.5 SENTINEL CONTROL SYSTEM Mains Input Voltage: 100-240VAC Mains Input Frequency: 50/60Hz Sentinel Control Input Voltage: 7.5VDC Max input current: 500mA Electromagnetic interference Hardware requirement: PSC, forward curve fan Fluorescent light Three microswitches UV light Airflow sensor, Input 12VDC, Output: 0-5VDC keypad, and dual output SMPS
Sentinel Control, comprising main board, relay board, interface board, 1x16 LCD,
SMPS I/P (PIN1) +7.5V KEYPAD CON (JP1) (PIN1) HARDWARE RESET SW1 BATTERY BACKUP FOR RTC (BT1) JTAG CON J9 JP5 (PIN1) self powered DB9 CON P1 (PIN1)
LCD CON (J5) (PIN1)
RE LAY CON (J8) (PIN1)
ANALOG I/P CON (J1-J4)
DIGITAL I/P CON (J11-J12)
Fig. 29 Sentinel Control Diagram
Chapter II Product Specification 75 SERVICE SECTION
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
General Specifications External Dimensions (L x W x H) Internal Work Zone (L x W x H) AC2-3AX 1035 x 769 x 1345 mm 40.7" x 30.3" x 52.9" 965 x 540 x 630 mm 38" x 21.3" x 24.8" AC2-4AX 1340 x 769 x 1345 mm 52.7" x 30.3" x 52.9" 1270 x 540 x 630 mm 50" x 21.3" x 24.8" AC2-5AX 1645 x 769 x 1345 mm 64.7" x 30.3" x 52.9" 1575 x 540 x 630 mm 62" x 21.3" x 24.8"" AC2-6AX 1950 x 769 x 1345 mm 76.7" x 30.3" x 52.9" 1880 x 540 x 630 mm 74" x 21.3" x 24.8"
EN 12469:2000 (exceeds requirements for Class II microbiological safety cabinets) Standards Compliance Air cleanliness: ISO 14664.1 Class 3, IEST-G-CC1001, IEST-G-CC1002 and other equivalent requirements Filter performance: IEST-RP-CC034.1, IEST-RP-CC007.1, IEST-RP-CC001.3 and EN1822 Electrical safety: IEC 61010-1 / EN 61010-1 / UL 3101-1 / CSA C22.2 No. 1010.1-92 Average Airflow Velocities Inflow Downflow Airflow Volumes At Initial Airflow Velocity Setpoints Inflow Downflow (70%) Exhaust (30%) Cleanliness Within Working Area Downflow and Exhaust Filter Type Filter Efficiency Ratings Noise Level Light Intensity Maximum Power consumption/Current (220-240VAC / 50Hz Models) 1Ph (110-130VAC / 60Hz Models) 1Ph Net Weight (Approximate) Max Shipping Weight Max Shipping Dimensions (L x W x H) Max Shipping Volume 298W or 1017BTU / 1.30A 398W or 1358 BTU / 3.32A 190 kgs / 418 lbs 285 kgs / 627 lbs 1200 x 950 x 1880 mm 47.2" x 37.4" x 74.0" 2.14 cbm / 75.6 cbf 312W or 1065BTU / 1.35A 412W or 1406BTU / 3.43A 225 kgs / 495 lbs 320 kgs / 704 lbs 1500 x 950 x 1880 mm 59.0" x 37.4" x 74.0" 2.68 cbm / 94.6 cbf 560W or 1911BTU / 2.43A 760W or 2594BTU/ 6.33A 260 kgs / 572 lbs 355 kgs / 781 lbs 1800 x 950 x 1880 mm 70.9" x 37.4" x 74.0" 3.21 cbm / 113.4 cbf 576W or 1966BTU / 2.50A 776W or 2648BTU/ 6.47A 310 kgs / 682 lbs 405 kgs / 891 lbs 2100 x 950 x 1880 mm 82.7" x 37.4" x 74.0" 3.75 cbm / 132.4 cbf 290 cmh / 170 cfm 560 cmh / 330 cfm 290 cmh / 170 cfm 375 cmh / 220 cfm 740 cmh / 440 cfm 375 cmh / 220 cfm 460 cmh / 270 cfm 920 cmh / 540 cfm 460 cmh / 270 cfm 545 cmh / 320 cfm 1100 cmh / 650 cfm 545 cmh / 320 cfm Initial setpoint: 0.45 m/s or 90 fpm (audible / visual alarm will activate at 0.4m/s or 80fpm) Initial setpoint: 0.3 m/s or 60 fpm (uniformity is +/-20%)
ISO 14644.1 Class 3, US Federal Standard 209E Class 1 / M1.5, AS 1386 Class 1.5, JIS B9920 Class 3, BS5295 Class C, Class M10,000 as per KS 27030.1 and equivalent classes of VDI 2083 and AFNOR X44101 ULPA filter with integral metal guards and filter frame gaskets; fully compliant with EN 1822 and IEST-RP-CC001.3 requirements (each cabinet has individual downflow and exhaust filters) Minimum: 99.9995% at 0.3m / 99.9994% at 0.12m / 99.9991% at MPPS Typical: 99.9999% at 0.3m / 99.9999% at 0.12m / 99.9999% at MPPS Typically <60 dBA at initial blower speed setting, according to EN 12469:2000, based on 4 feet model, subject to acoustic properties of test environment >1200 Lux / >111 foot candles, measured at work surface level (zero background) as per NSF49 test grid
CHAPTER III TROUBLESHOOTING

The following section will help you to solve some of the common problems that might occur during the operation of the cabinet. If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact Esco. WARNING: ELECTRICAL HAZARD. PLEASE STUDY ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT DIAGRAM CAREFULLY BEFORE START. THE ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT DIAGRAM IS LOCATED AT THE COVER OF THE ELECTRICAL BOX, BEHIND THE FRONT PANEL. 3.1 VISUAL TROUBLESHOOTING 1. Open the front panel. 2. Open the cover of the electrical box. Investigate all the electrical components and wires inside electrical panel. If you found any physical damage, please replace the spoiled parts as soon as possible by contacting Esco. 3. Please check the connection of all cables and wires.
3.2 ELECTRICAL TROUBLESHOOTING Problem Cabinet does not start Possible Causes Wrong electrical connection Corrective Action Check whether electrical cord has been connected properly 1. Check for SMPS output of 7.5VDC at its output terminal 2. If the voltage is less than 7VDC, replace the SMPS 1. Check whether there is 7.5VDC supply to main board. Using multimeter, probe J13 on the main board with the terminal nearer to the edge of the board as negative terminal 2. If the polarity is negative, reverse the terminal connection of J13. If the voltage is lower than 7VDC, check the SMPS output 3. Check whether there is 7.5VDC supply to relay board. Repeat step 1 and 2 for J1 on the relay board with terminal nearer to the edge as negative terminal Power failure Spoiled Main Board 1. Check for electrical power at the wall outlet 2. Reset the circuit breaker by pressing the button Restart cabinet several times, if the following three conditions still persist, then the main board is spoiled 1. All LEDs on the membrane are always off 2. LCD displays nothing 3. No sounds from Relay Board Please replace the main board
Chapter III Troubleshooting 76 76 SERVICE SECTION
Spoiled Relay Board
Relay Board is spoiled if the following conditions exist 1. Main Board works properly 2. FRC cable between main board and relay boards are properly installed 3. None of FAN, LIGHT, SOCKET, and UV can be controlled Please replace the relay board. Please switch on FAN by pressing FAN button first, enter the FAN PIN is required 1. Switch off the cabinet 2. Check for F1 fuse on the relay board. If the fuse blown, replace with new ones.
Motor silent
Fan is Off Blown fuse
Faulty relays
1. Switch off the cabinet 2. Check LS1 relay on the relay board. Ensure that C-NC connection is closed and C-NO open. 3. Check K1 relay mounted on the electrical box. Ensure that C-NC connection is closed and C-NO open. 4. Replace the faulty relay(s) 1. Short out control by placing jumper wire directly across the connections to the two speeds control leads. 2. If the fan operates, the speed control is defective. Call your distributor for replacement 3. If the fan does not run, the speed control is not the problem 1. Blower was overheated. 2. Wait for 30 minutes and try again. Ensure that no hazardous materials inside the cabinet 1. Disconnect two motor leads at the motor. Connect a proper AC voltage source directly to the motor. 2. If the motor starts to run, the problem is in the wiring connection. Refer to blown fuse or faulty relay section 3. If the motor does not run, the motor is defective. Replace motor Replace the capacitor. Check for open wiring connection Check whether LCD FRC has been inserted properly to its socket on the main board Connect a good LCD to LCD port of main board, if good LCD works, then the old one is spoiled. Replace old one 1. Check whether the green plastic cable from keypad has been inserted properly into the interface board 2. Check whether the interface board has been connected to the main board through an FRC Replace them one by one, to check which part/parts is/are spoiled, replace good one. 1. Ensure that there is no external source of winds, like air conditioner or fan, in the vicinity of cabinet 2. Ensure there is enough clearance between the exhaust and the ceiling
Faulty speed control
Auto-thermal cut-off Motor silent Motor failure
Faulty capacitor Blank LCD Connection problem Spoiled LCD Inoperative buttons Connection problem
Spoiled Cable and/or Interface Board and/or keypad Airflow Failure alarm is triggered (this could be due to either hardware External air interference
Low Mains Voltage/Fluctuating Voltage
1. Using multimeter, probe LIVE and NEUTRAL terminals. 2. If the mains voltage is lower than the test report value or exhibits fluctuations higher than the stated tolerance (+/2%), adjust the speed control to get blower output voltage as stated in the calibration certificate Increase the speed control setting. Refer to ERR.AIRFAIL section for details Air Flow Sensor failure 1. Ensure that sensor is not blocked at all, and its through-hole is perpendicular to filters surface 2. Check the sensor connection 3. Using multimeter, check the sensors output voltage at channel AIN1 and J1. The voltage increases with the increase of airflow. Replace sensor if not so 4. Call your distributor if the three steps does not solve the problem Temperature Sensor Failure 1. Check the sensor connection 2. Using multimeter, check the sensors output voltage at channel AIN4 and J4. The voltage should be less than 0.50V. Replace sensor if not so
Low speed control setting Sensor Failure
Motor failure Faulty/ inaccurate calibration Excessive fan noise Light always OFF Loose Motor or Blower Wheel Mount Sash in SASH ALARM or UV state Faulty relay
Check the motor. Refer to motor silent section Re-calibrate the controller. WARNING: this step should be done by an authorised person Check the tightness of the setscrew holding the blower wheel. Check the tightness of all blower and motor mounting bolts 1. Raise the sash to READY position/working height. 2. Switch on light by pressing LIGHT button Check LS7 relay and F7 fuse on the relay board. Ensure that CNC connection is closed and C-NO open. Replace the faulty relay board. Call your distributor for details Replace the faulty light 1. Lower the sash to UV mode position (fully closed) 2. Switch on UV light by pressing UV button Check LS8 relay on the relay board. Ensure that C-NC connection is closed and C-NO open. Replace the faulty relay board. Call your distributor for details Replace the faulty UV light Check LS4 relay on the relay board. . Ensure that C-NC connection is closed and C-NO open. Replace the faulty relay board. Call your distributor for details Replace the electrical socket Repair or replace filter and recertify the cabinet Readjust the airflow and recertify the cabinet Check work technique
UV Light always OFF
Faulty light Sash not in UV state Faulty relay
Faulty UV light Electrical Socket always OFF Contaminated samples Faulty relay
Faulty electrical socket Filter leaking Low airflow Front air grilles blocked/Operator (Cross-Contamination)
3.3 SOFTWARE TROUBLESHOOTING Error Codes ERR.MSWITCH Explanation Corrective Action MAGNETIC switch error; Check for faulty Magnetic switch(es) This error happened 1. Press MENU button and key in ADMIN password if any. when there are more Pressing SET button to read diagnostic message than 1 Switch is 2. Three Magnetic Switches activated. a. Switch_0 (J3) ON when sash is fully opened, there is a 7.5V at J3 port b. Switch_1 (J10) ON when sash is at nominal height, the DIN1 and J10 are shorted c. Switch_2 (J11) ON when sash is fully closed, the DIN2 and J11 are shorted d. If all Switches are off, the sash is at SASH ALARM position 3. Check the position of switch and signal at main board respectively 4. Remove any magnetic devices near the cabinet Check for faulty main board of Sentinel control 1. Switch off the system 2. Remove the connection from J3, DIN1, J10, DIN2, and J11. 3. Switch on the system 4. If the LCD does not show SASH ALARM, the main board is faulty. 5. Call you distributor to get the replacement board If the problem remains, call your distributor for help ERR.AIRFAIL Airflow Error; 1. happens if FAN button is 2. pressed when airflow falls below fail point. Check for inflow velocity using anemometer If the inflow actually drops below the fail point (see Calibration section for exact number), adjust the speed control to achieve blower output voltage as stated in Calibration certificate. WARNING: this step should be done by authorised person 3. If the inflow still above the fail point, a. Press menu and key in ADMIN password to switch to MAINTENANCE mode b. Pres SET button to read diagnostic message. c. Check whether Constant and Temperature are correct. If Constant is not correct, please change constant to factory setting. If temperature is incorrect, please check the wire connection and temperature sensor. Call your distributor to replace spoiled parts if any. d. Check the wire connection and air-flow sensor. Call your distributor to replace spoiled parts if any WARNING: this step should be done by an authorised person Calibrate the controller. Refer to Calibration section for details. WARNING: this step should be done by an authorised person
ERR.CALIB
Controller is not yet calibrated
COPYRIGHT INFORMATION
Copyright 2004 Esco Micro Pte Ltd. All rights reserved.
Esco Micro Pte Ltd 21 Changi South Street 1 Singapore 486777
The information contained in this manual and the accompanying product are copyrighted and all rights are reserved by Esco Micro Pte Ltd. Esco Micro Pte Ltd reserves the right to make periodic minor design changes without obligation to notify any person or entity of such change.
Sentinel and Airstream is a registered trademark of Esco Micro Pte Ltd
Copyright Information 80
WARRANTY REGISTRATION AND SURVEY FORM

Thank you for purchasing an Esco product and taking some time out of your demanding schedule to take part in this survey. This is part of our continuous effort to provide better products and services for our loyal customers. Please complete this form and return it to us by fax or e-mail. Thank you for your participation.
1. PRODUCT INFORMATION Model Number Serial Number Date of Purchase : _____________________________________________________________________________ : _____________________________________________________________________________ : _____________________________________________________________________________
2. CUSTOMER INFORMATION Company Address : _____________________________________________________________________________ : _____________________________________________________________________________ : _____________________________________________________________________________ Telephone Fax Email : _____________________________________________________________________________ : _____________________________________________________________________________ : _____________________________________________________________________________
3. NAME OF ESCO DISTRIBUTOR Contact Company Country : _____________________________________________________________________________ : _____________________________________________________________________________ : _____________________________________________________________________________
4. Have you been using other brands before Esco?
Yes
No
If your answer to the above question is Yes, please kindly tell us the brands that you have been using: a)__________________________ b)__________________________ c)__________________________ d)__________________________ e)__________________________
5. Do you have any complaints after using Esco cabinet?
Yes
No
If your answer to the above question is Yes, please help us to build better products in the future by telling us about your complaints:
Warranty Registration and Survey Form 81
_________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Do you have additional features/suggestions that you would like to see in our future products?
Yes
No
If your answer to the above question is Yes, please kindly write them below: _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Please rate your opinion on the following subjects accordingly. If you think Esco has done a good job on the subject, you may give it a score of 5. If you think Esco still has a long way to go to achieve customer expectation on the subject, you may give it a score of 1. You can also give a score between 1 and 5 to show your opinion.
Poor ------------------------------------------------Good Price On-time delivery Service response Cabinet physical appearance Build quality Product reliability Product documentation 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
Product packaging Ergonomics Ease of use Brand recognition 8. Comments:
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5
_________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________
Please choose your T-Shirt size and Get a FREE Esco T-shirt! (Allow Up to 4 Weeks For Delivery) T-Shirt Size*: Large / Extra-Large * Delete Inapplicable Field
DEFECT REPORTING FORM

To submit your warranty claim or to obtain a Return Authorization (RA) number, please complete this defect reporting form and return it to Esco by fax or postal mail.
PRODUCT INFORMATION Model Number Serial Number : ___________________________________________________________________________________ : ___________________________________________________________________________________
Date of Purchase : ___________________________________________________________________________________
CUSTOMER INFORMATION Company Address : ___________________________________________________________________________________ : ___________________________________________________________________________________ : ___________________________________________________________________________________ Telephone Fax Email : ___________________________________________________________________________________ : ___________________________________________________________________________________ : ___________________________________________________________________________________
NAME OF ESCO DISTRIBUTOR Contact Company Country : ___________________________________________________________________________________ : ___________________________________________________________________________________ : ___________________________________________________________________________________
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF ERROR __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________
WHEN DID THE ERROR OCCUR* Transport Damage / Unpacking / Assembly / Routine Operation RETURNING PRODUCTS/PARTS* Under Warranty / For Service or Repair / For Replacement / Credit Note Requested
Name/Date: ________________________ Signature: _________________________
Defect Reporting Form 84
REPLACEMENT PARTS LIST

The use of non-Esco parts and/or parts not supplied directly by Esco or our authorized distributors, including but not limited to maintenance parts, spare parts, replacement parts, system components and/or system accessories, shall void all expressed or implied warranties.
PARTS LIST FOR AC2-3A1 (3 FEET, 220-240V, 50HZ) Item Item Code Description 457X914x66mm (3'X1.5'X66MM) Eff: >99.99% dP: 125Pa @ 0.45m/s 457X457x66mm (1.5'X1.5'X66MM) Eff: >99.99% dP: 125Pa @ 0.45m/s BLOWER CENTRIFUGAL R4E 355, 6MF 220240VAC, 50HZ TEMPERED GLASS 498 x 635 x 5MM 3 HOLES DIA 19MM TEMPERED GLASS 980 x 6500 x 6MM 6 HOLES DIA 6MM COMPLETE ELECTRICAL PANEL 220-240VAC EPA WITH SPEED CONTROL 26K6AMP No. Per Cabinet 1 1
MECHANICAL REPLACEMENT PARTS EQR/SP-FTR07 1. FILTER EQR/SP-FTR03
2. BLOWER
EQR/EL-BL-R4355AF EQR/GL-20
1 2 1
3. TEMPERED GLASS EQR/GL-02 ELECTRICAL REPLACEMENT PARTS 1. ELECTRIC MODULE 1.1. SPEED CONTROL* 1.2. BALLAST* 1.3. UV BALLAST* 1.4. RELAY* EP-A
1 1 1 1 1
EQR/EL-KB-KBWC-26 SPEED CONTROLLER 26R, 6AMPS EQR/EL-BAL-TP4/32IS ELECTRONIC BALLAST EQR/EL-BAL-EBP30 EQR/EL-REL-JQX220 UV BALLAST RELAY 10A/2POLE, 220-240V
1.5 CONTROL* 2. AIRFLOW ALARM AND CONTROL SYSTEM 2.1. MEMBRANE* EQR/EL-MC06 2.2. MAINBOARD* EQR/EL-MC01 2.3 RELAY BOARD* EQR/EL-MC02 2.3.1 FUSE 2.4 INTERFACE BOARD* EQR/EL-MC03 2.5 LCD* EQR/EL-MC04 2.6 SMPS* EQR/EL-MC05 2.7. AIRFLOW SENSOR* EQR/EL-SA EQR/EL-CCAP-6MF 3. CAPACITOR* 4. FLUORESCENT TUBE 5. UV TUBE 6. CIRCUIT BREAKER 7. MAGNETIC SWITCH 8. MAGNET EQR/EL-TUB-3F30W EQR/EL-TUBUV15F15W EQR/EL-CB-3A EQR/EL-MC-BS2011
SENTINEL CONTROL C SERIES
MEMBRANE MAINBOARD RELAY BOARD WITH CABLE 5A QUICK ACTING F5AL250V FUSE INTERFACE BOARD WITH CABLE LCD WITH CABLE SMPS ESCO AIRFLOW SENSOR CBB 60 CAPACITOR, 400V, 6MF FOR BLOWER 220-240 VAC FLUORESCENT TUBE 3FT, UV GERMICIDAL TUBE 1.5FT CIRCUIT BREAKER , 3AMPS, WITH KNURL NUT MAGNETIC SWITCH
1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 3
EQR/EL-MC-MAGNET MAGNET STRIP
* Item is included on complete main replacement electrical panel. However it may be replaced individually if required. (exception: membrane (2.1) and LCD (2.5) must be ordered together)
Replacement Parts List
85
21 Changi South Street 1 Singapore 486777 PHONE +65 65420833 FAX +65 65426920 E-MAIL biotech@escoglobal.com WEBSITE www.escoglobal.com PARTS LIST FOR AC2-3A2 (3 FEET, 110-130V, 60HZ) Item Item Code Description 457X914x66mm (3'X1.5'X66MM) Eff: >99.99% dP: 125Pa @ 0.45m/s 457X457x66mm (1.5'X1.5'X66MM) Eff: >99.99% dP: 125Pa @ 0.45m/s BLOWER CENTRIFUGAL R4E 355-AF 20MF 110-130VAC, 60HZ TEMPERED GLASS 498 x 635 x 5MM 3 HOLES DIA 19MM TEMPERED GLASS 980 x 6500 x 6MM 6 HOLES DIA 6MM COMPLETE ELECTRICAL PANEL 110-130VAC EP-D WITH SPEED CONTROL No. Per Cabinet 1 1 1 2 1
MECHANICAL REPLACEMENT PARTS EQR/SP-FTR07 1. FILTER EQR/SP-FTR03
2. BLOWER
EQR/EL-BL-R4355AF EQR/GL-20
3. TEMPERED GLASS EQR/GL-02 ELECTRICAL REPLACEMENT PARTS 1. ELECTRIC MODULE 1.1. SPEED CONTROL* 1.2. BALLAST* 1.3. UV BALLAST* 1.4. RELAY* EP-D
1 1 1 1 1
EQR/EL-KB-KBWC-15 SPEED CONTROLLER 15K5AMPS EQR/EL-BAL-TP4/32IS ELECTRONIC BALLAST EQR/EL-BAL-EBU120 UV BALLAST RELAY 20A, 120V
EQR/EL-REL-JQX30A
1.5 CONTROL* 2. AIRFLOW ALARM AND CONTROL SYSTEM 2.1. MEMBRANE* EQR/EL-MC06 2.2. MAINBOARD* EQR/EL-MC01 2.3 RELAY BOARD* EQR/EL-MC02 2.3.1 FUSE 2.4 INTERFACE BOARD* EQR/EL-MC03 2.5 LCD* EQR/EL-MC04 2.6 SMPS* EQR/EL-MC05 2.7. AIRFLOW SENSOR* EQR/EL-SA 3. CAPACITOR* 4. FLUORESCENT TUBE 5. UV TUBE 6. CIRCUIT BREAKER 7. MAGNETIC SWITCH 8. MAGNET EQR/EL-CCAP-20MF EQR/EL-TUB-3F30W EQR/EL-TUBUV15F15W EQR/EL-CB-6A EQR/EL-MC-BS2011
MEMBRANE MAINBOARD RELAY BOARD WITH CABLE 5A QUICK ACTING F5AL250V FUSE INTERFACE BOARD WITH CABLE LCD WITH CABLE SMPS ESCO AIRFLOW SENSOR CBB 60 CAPACITOR, 400V, 20MF FOR BLOWER 110-130 VAC FLUORESCENT TUBE 3FT, UV GERMICIDAL TUBE 1.5FT CIRCUIT BREAKER 6AMPS, WITH KNURL NUT MAGNETIC SWITCH
1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 3
86
21 Changi South Street 1 Singapore 486777 PHONE +65 65420833 FAX +65 65426920 E-MAIL biotech@escoglobal.com WEBSITE www.escoglobal.com PARTS LIST FOR AC2-4A1 (4 FEET, 220-240V, 50HZ)
Item
Item Code
Description 457X610x66mm (2'X1.5'X66MM) Eff: >99.99% dP: 125Pa @ 0.45m/s 1219X610x66mm (4'X1.5'X66MM) Eff: >99.99% dP: 125Pa @ 0.45m/s BLOWER CENTRIFUGAL R4E 355, 6MF 220240VAC, 50HZ TEMPERED GLASS 498 x 635 x 5MM 3 HOLES DIA 19MM TEMPERED GLASS 1285 x 650 x 6MM 6 HOLES DIA 6MM COMPLETE ELECTRICAL PANEL 220-240VAC EPA WITH SPEED CONTROL 26K6AMP
No. Per Cabinet 1 1 1 2 1
MECHANICAL REPLACEMENT PARTS 1. FILTER EQR/SP-FTR05 EQR/SP-FTR09 2. BLOWER 3. TEMPERED GLASS EQR/EL-BL-R4355AF EQR/GL-20 EQR/GL-03 ELECTRICAL REPLACEMENT PARTS 1. ELECTRIC MODULE 1.1. SPEED CONTROL* 1.2. BALLAST* 1.3. UV BALLAST* 1.4. RELAY* EP-A 1 1 1 1 1
1.5 CONTROL* 2. AIRFLOW ALARM AND CONTROL SYSTEM 2.1. MEMBRANE* EQR/EL-MC06 2.2. MAINBOARD* EQR/EL-MC01 2.3 RELAY BOARD* EQR/EL-MC02 2.3.1 FUSE 2.4 INTERFACE BOARD* EQR/EL-MC03 2.5 LCD* EQR/EL-MC04 2.6 SMPS* EQR/EL-MC05 2.7. AIRFLOW SENSOR* EQR/EL-SA EQR/EL-CCAP-6MF 3. CAPACITOR* 4. FLUORESCENT TUBE 5. UV TUBE 6. CIRCUIT BREAKER 7. MAGNETIC SWITCH 8. MAGNET
MEMBRANE MAINBOARD RELAY BOARD WITH CABLE 5A QUICK ACTING F5AL250V FUSE INTERFACE BOARD WITH CABLE LCD WITH CABLE SMPS ESCO AIRFLOW SENSOR CBB 60 CAPACITOR, 400V, 6MF FOR BLOWER 220-240 VAC EQR/EL-TUB-4F36W FLUORESCENT TUBE 4FT 36W EQR/EL-TUB-UV3F30W UV GERMICIDAL TUBE 3FT 30W CIRCUIT BREAKER , 3AMPS, WITH KNURL NUT EQR/EL-CB-3A EQR/EL-MC-BS2011 MAGNETIC SWITCH
1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 3
87
21 Changi South Street 1 Singapore 486777 PHONE +65 65420833 FAX +65 65426920 E-MAIL biotech@escoglobal.com WEBSITE www.escoglobal.com PARTS LIST FOR AC2-4A2 (4 FEET, 110-130V, 60HZ) Item Item Code Description 457X610x66mm (2'X1.5'X66MM) Eff: >99.99% dP: 125Pa @ 0.45m/s 1219X610x66mm (4'X1.5'X66MM) Eff: >99.99% dP: 125Pa @ 0.45m/s BLOWER CENTRIFUGAL R4E 355-AF 20MF 110-130VAC, 60HZ TEMPERED GLASS 498 x 635 x 5MM 3 HOLES DIA 19MM TEMPERED GLASS 1285 x 650 x 6MM 6 HOLES DIA 6MM COMPLETE ELECTRICAL PANEL 110-130VAC EP-D WITH SPEED CONTROL No. Per Cabinet 1 1 1 2 1
MECHANICAL REPLACEMENT PARTS EQR/SP-FTR05 1. FILTER EQR/SP-FTR09 EQR/EL-BL-R4355AF EQR/GL-20 3. TEMPERED GLASS EQR/GL-03 ELECTRICAL REPLACEMENT PARTS 1. ELECTRIC MODULE 1.1. SPEED CONTROL* 1.2. BALLAST* 1.3. UV BALLAST* 1.4. RELAY* EP-D 1 1 1 1 1
2. BLOWER
EQR/EL-REL-JQX30A
1.5 CONTROL* 2. AIRFLOW ALARM AND CONTROL SYSTEM 2.1. MEMBRANE* EQR/EL-MC06 2.2. MAINBOARD* EQR/EL-MC01 2.3 RELAY BOARD* EQR/EL-MC02 2.3.1 FUSE 2.4 INTERFACE BOARD* EQR/EL-MC03 2.5 LCD* EQR/EL-MC04 2.6 SMPS* EQR/EL-MC05 2.7. AIRFLOW SENSOR* EQR/EL-SA 3. CAPACITOR* 4. FLUORESCENT TUBE 5. UV TUBE 6. CIRCUIT BREAKER 7. MAGNETIC SWITCH 8. MAGNET
MEMBRANE MAINBOARD RELAY BOARD WITH CABLE 5A QUICK ACTING F5AL250V FUSE INTERFACE BOARD WITH CABLE LCD WITH CABLE SMPS ESCO AIRFLOW SENSOR CBB 60 CAPACITOR, 400V, 20MF FOR BLOWER EQR/EL-CCAP-20MF 110-130 VAC EQR/EL-TUB-4F36W FLUORESCENT TUBE 4FT 36W EQR/EL-TUB-UV3F30W UV GERMICIDAL TUBE 3FT 30W EQR/EL-CB-6A EQR/EL-MC-BS2011 CIRCUIT BREAKER 6AMPS, WITH KNURL NUT MAGNETIC SWITCH
1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 3
88
21 Changi South Street 1 Singapore 486777 PHONE +65 65420833 FAX +65 65426920 E-MAIL biotech@escoglobal.com WEBSITE www.escoglobal.com PARTS LIST FOR AC2-6A1 (6 FEET, 220-240V, 50HZ) Item Item Code Description 457X1829x66mm (6'X1.5'X66MM) Eff: >99.99% dP: 125Pa @ 0.45m/s 457X914x66mm (3'X1.5'X66MM) Eff: >99.99% dP: 125Pa @ 0.45m/s BLOWER CENTRIFUGAL R4E 355, 6MF 220240VAC, 50HZ TEMPERED GLASS 498 x 635 x 5MM 3 HOLES DIA 19MM TEMPERED GLASS 1895 x 650 x 6MM 6 HOLES DIA 6MM COMPLETE ELECTRICAL PANEL 220-240VAC EPA WITH SPEED CONTROL 26K6AMP No. Per Cabinet 1 1 2 2 1
MECHANICAL REPLACEMENT PARTS 1. FILTER EQR/SP-FTR11 EQR/SP-FTR07 2. BLOWER 3. TEMPERED GLASS EQR/EL-BL-R4355AF EQR/GL-20 EQR/GL-05 ELECTRICAL REPLACEMENT PARTS 1. ELECTRIC MODULE 1.1. SPEED CONTROL* 1.2. BALLAST* 1.3. UV BALLAST* 1.4. RELAY* EP-A 1 1 1 1 1
1.5 CONTROL* 2. AIRFLOW ALARM AND CONTROL SYSTEM 2.1. MEMBRANE* EQR/EL-MC06 2.2. MAINBOARD* EQR/EL-MC01 2.3 RELAY BOARD* EQR/EL-MC02 2.3.1 FUSE 2.4 INTERFACE BOARD* EQR/EL-MC03 2.5 LCD* EQR/EL-MC04 2.6 SMPS* EQR/EL-MC05 2.7. AIRFLOW SENSOR* EQR/EL-SA EQR/EL-CCAP-6MF 3. CAPACITOR* 4. FLUORESCENT TUBE 5. UV TUBE 6. CIRCUIT BREAKER 7. MAGNETIC SWITCH 8. MAGNET
MEMBRANE MAINBOARD RELAY BOARD WITH CABLE 5A QUICK ACTING F5AL250V FUSE INTERFACE BOARD WITH CABLE LCD WITH CABLE SMPS ESCO AIRFLOW SENSOR CBB 60 CAPACITOR, 400V, 6MF FOR BLOWER 220-240 VAC EQR/EL-TUB-3F30W FLUORESCENT TUBE 3FT EQR/EL-TUB-UV3F30W UV GERMICIDAL TUBE 3FT 30W CIRCUIT BREAKER , 3AMPS, WITH KNURL NUT EQR/EL-CB-3A EQR/EL-MC-BS2011 MAGNETIC SWITCH
1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 3 3
89
21 Changi South Street 1 Singapore 486777 PHONE +65 65420833 FAX +65 65426920 E-MAIL biotech@escoglobal.com WEBSITE www.escoglobal.com PARTS LIST FOR AC2-6A2 (6 FEET, 110-130V, 60HZ) Item Item Code Description 457X1829x66mm (6'X1.5'X66MM) Eff: >99.99% dP: 125Pa @ 0.45m/s 457X914x66mm (3'X1.5'X66MM) Eff: >99.99% dP: 125Pa @ 0.45m/s BLOWER CENTRIFUGAL R4E 355-AF 20MF 110-130VAC, 60HZ TEMPERED GLASS 498 x 635 x 5MM 3 HOLES DIA 19MM TEMPERED GLASS 1895 x 650 x 6MM 6 HOLES DIA 6MM COMPLETE ELECTRICAL PANEL 110-130VAC EP-D WITH SPEED CONTROL No. Per Cabinet 1 1 2 2 1
MECHANICAL REPLACEMENT PARTS EQR/SP-FTR11 1. FILTER 2. BLOWER EQR/SP-FTR07 EQR/EL-BL-R4355AF EQR/GL-20 3. TEMPERED GLASS EQR/GL-05 ELECTRICAL REPLACEMENT PARTS 1. ELECTRIC MODULE 1.1. SPEED CONTROL* 1.2. BALLAST* 1.3. UV BALLAST* 1.4. RELAY* EP-D 1 1 1 1 1
EQR/EL-REL-JQX30A
1.5 CONTROL* 2. AIRFLOW ALARM AND CONTROL SYSTEM 2.1. MEMBRANE* EQR/EL-MC06 2.2. MAINBOARD* EQR/EL-MC01 2.3 RELAY BOARD* EQR/EL-MC02 2.3.1 FUSE 2.4 INTERFACE BOARD* EQR/EL-MC03 2.5 LCD* EQR/EL-MC04 2.6 SMPS* EQR/EL-MC05 2.7. AIRFLOW SENSOR* EQR/EL-SA 3. CAPACITOR* 4. FLUORESCENT TUBE 5. UV TUBE 6. CIRCUIT BREAKER 7. MAGNETIC SWITCH 8. MAGNET
MEMBRANE MAINBOARD RELAY BOARD WITH CABLE 5A QUICK ACTING F5AL250V FUSE INTERFACE BOARD WITH CABLE LCD WITH CABLE SMPS ESCO AIRFLOW SENSOR CBB 60 CAPACITOR, 400V, 20MF FOR BLOWER EQR/EL-CCAP-20MF 110-130 VAC EQR/EL-TUB-3F30W FLUORESCENT TUBE 3FT EQR/EL-TUB-UV3F30W UV GERMICIDAL TUBE 3FT 30W EQR/EL-CB-6A EQR/EL-MC-BS2011 CIRCUIT BREAKER 6AMPS, WITH KNURL NUT MAGNETIC SWITCH
1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 3 3
90
APPENDIX A BIOSAFETY LEVELS CLASSIFICATION

Biosafety Level 1 Practices, safety equipment and facilities appropriate for work with defined and characterized strains of viable micro organisms not known to cause disease in healthy adult humans. The laboratory is not necessarily separated from the general traffic patterns in the building. Work is generally con-ducted on open bench tops using standard microbiological practices. Special containment equipment or facility design is neither required nor generally used. Laboratory personnel have specific training in the procedures conducted in the laboratory and are supervised by a scientist with general training in microbiology or a related science. A biohazard safety cabinet is generally not required for work involving these agents.
Biosafety Level 2 Practices, safety equipment and facilities appropriate for work done with a broad spectrum of indigenous moderaterisk agents present in the community and associated with human disease in varying severity. It differs from biosafety level 1 in that (a) laboratory personnel have specific training in handling pathogenic agents and are directed by competent scientists; (b) access to the laboratory is limited when work is being conducted; (c) extreme precautions are taken with contaminated sharp items; and (d) certain procedures in which infectious aerosols or splashes may be created are conducted in biological safety cabinets or other physical containment equipment. A Class I or Class II biohazard safety cabinet is highly recommended for work involving these agents.
Biosafety Level 3 Practices, safety equipment and facilities appropriate for work done with indigenous or exotic agents with a potential for respiratory transmission which may cause serious and potentially lethal infection. More emphasis is placed on primary and secondary barriers to protect personnel in the contiguous area, the community, and the environment from exposure to potentially infectious aero-sols. A Class I or Class II biohazard safety cabinet is required for work involving these agents.
Biosafety Level 4 Practices, safety equipment and facilities appropriate for work done with dangerous and exotic agents which pose a high risk of life threatening disease. May be transmitted via the aerosol route, and for which there is no available vaccine or therapy. Members of the laboratory staff have specific and thorough training in handling extremely hazardous infectious agents and they understand the primary and secondary containment functions of the standard and special practices, the containment equipment, and the laboratory design characteristics. They are supervised by competent scientists who are trained and experienced in working with these agents. Access to the laboratory is strictly controlled by the laboratory director. The facility is either in a separate building or in a controlled area within a building, which is completely isolated from all other areas of the building. A specific facility operations manual is prepared or adopted. A Class III biohazard safety cabinet is required for work involving these agents.
Appendix A Biosafety Levels Classification 91
APPENDIX B INTRODUCTION TO BIOHAZARD SAFETY CABINET

The biohazard safety cabinet (also known as biological safety cabinet or microbiological safety cabinet) plays a significant role in many pharmaceutical, clinical, microbiological and industrial laboratories. Its basic function is to protect the operator and the environment from biological hazards that would otherwise pose a threat to human life during microbiological work. At Esco, we encourage all our customers and non-customers alike to learn more about the function and operating principles of the biohazard safety cabinets available in the market today. We believe that this process will aid our customers in choosing the best cabinet to meet their specific real-world needs, in order to facilitate an increased level of safety in the laboratory for the betterment of science and industry.
Major International Standards International standards play an important role in harmonization and ensuring that cabinets meet established industry guidelines for safety and performance. Consequently, it is important for all users of safety cabinets to understand the scope and application of these standards which may often be referred to. The following are some of the more common major international standards:
NSF Standard 49 The National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) International is a not-for-profit organization based in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Standard 49 has been widely adopted not only in the United States but also around the world. The NSF 49 only applies to Class II biological safety cabinets.
EN 12469:2000 The European standard 12469 is the latest international standard developed as a direct consequence of the European Unions harmonization efforts. It replaces previous standards such as the German standard DIN 12950, the British standard BS 5726 and the French standard NF X44-201. The EN 12469:2000 has been adopted officially as a national standard in all member nations of the EU. It applies to Class I, Class II and Class III cabinetry.
Australian Standard AS 2252 The AS 2252 is the Australian standard for biohazard safety cabinetry. It has also largely been adopted as a national standard in nearby New Zealand. It applies to both Class I and Class II cabinetry with a focus on cabinet construction, design and performance. Australian standard cabinets incorporate twin blowers and are largely different from European and American type models.
US Federal Standard 209E The Fed Std 209E is the most prominent of a group of international standards that define clean air classifications. Other similar standards include the BS 5295 and the 1386. It is important to note that these standards do not apply
Appendix B Introduction to Biohazard Safety Cabinet
92
specifically to biohazard safety cabinetry. As a biohazard safety cabinet also provides product protection in the form of a laminar stream of clean air within the work chamber, these standards may sometimes be referred to.
Biohazard Safety Cabinet Classes Esco manufactures a complete range of biohazard safety cabinetry to meet the varying demands of your unique applications. All cabinets are have been designed to meet and exceed major inter-national standards for safety cabinetry. Fortunately for all laboratory users, most manufacturers of biohazard safety cabinets market products in designs that have largely become harmonized across the industry. These are some common cabinet classifications that you may encounter:
Class I Biohazard Safety Cabinet The Class I cabinet has the most basic and rudimentary design of all biohazard safety cabinetry available today. A stream of inward air moving into the cabinet contains aerosols generated during microbiological manipulations. It then passes through a filtration system that traps all airborne particles and contaminants. Finally, clean, decontaminated air is exhausted from the cabinet. The filtration system usually consists of a pre-filter and a HEPA (high-efficiency particulate air) filter. Although the Class I cabinet protects the operator and the environment from exposure to biohazards, it does not prevent samples being handled in the cabinet from coming into contact with airborne contaminants that may be present in room air. Naturally, there is a possibility of cross-contamination that may affect experimental consistency. Consequently the scope and application of Class I cabinets is limited and it is largely considered obsolete. All Class I biohazard safety cabinets are suitable for work with microbiological agents assigned to biological safety levels 1, 2 and 3.
Class II Biohazard Safety Cabinet When most people refer to biohazard safety cabinets in general, they are usually referring to Class II safety cabinets. The different types of Class II cabinet available today are largely defined by the NSF Standard 49. In comparison, the EN 12469:2000 and the AS 2252 do not define Class II safety cabinet sub-types. It is important to note that the NSF 49 deals only with Class II biohazard safety cabinetry and it does not apply to the Class I and Class III cabinets. Like Class I safety cabinets, Class II cabinets have a stream of inward air moving into the cabinet. This is known as the inflow and it contains aerosols generated during microbiological manipulations. However, unlike Class I cabinets, the inflow on Class II cabinets are taken in through air grilles towards the front of the work surface nearest the operator. None of the unfiltered inflow air infiltrates the actual working zone of the cabinet and therefore contamination of product samples is not a concern. A feature unique to Class II cabinets is a vertical laminar (unidirectional) HEPA-filtered air stream that descends downward from the interior of the cabinet. This continuously flushes the cabinet interior of airborne contaminants and protects samples being handled within the cabinet from contamination and is known as the downflow.
93
Nearer to the level of the work surface, the downflow splits with some air entering grilles towards the back of the cabinet, with the remainder taken in through grilles across the horizontal work surface of the cabinet nearest the operator. All Class II cabinets have a common air plenum from which a portion of air is exhausted from the cabinet after HEPA-filtration. The remainder is is HEPA filtered and re-circulated within the cabinet as the downflow. The differences between the various Class II cabinets available lie primarily with the percentage of air exhausted to that of air re-circulated from the common air plenum. In addition, different Class II cabinets have different means of cabinet exhaust. Some cabinets may exhaust air directly back to the laboratory, while others may exhaust air through a dedicated ductwork system to the external environment. Despite these differences, all Class II cabinets, like Class I cabinets, protect both the operator and environment from exposure to biohazards. In addition, Class II cabinets also protect product samples from contamination during microbiological manipulations within the cabinet interior and are all suitable for work with agents assigned to biological safety levels 1, 2 and 3.
Class II Type A Biohazard Safety Cabinet The Class II Type A biohazard safety cabinet is the most common Class II cabinet. It is also the most common safety cabinet of all the different types available. It has a common plenum from which 30% of air is exhausted, and 70% re-circulated to the work area as the downflow. Type A cabinets exhaust air directly back to the laboratory, and they may contain positive pressure contaminated plenums. When toxic chemicals must be employed as an adjunct to microbiological processes, these cabinets should not be used. Exhaust HEPA filtration only removes airborne aerosols including biohazards, and not chemical fumes. In accordance with NSF Standard 49 requirements, all Type A cabinets must maintain an average inflow air velocity of more than 75 fpm (0.38 m/s).
Note: The Class II Type A cabinet discussed above is based on the NSF 49 classification for Class II safety cabinetry. European and Australian standards describe only a general Class II cabinet. For example, although most cabinet manufacturers in Europe refer to a Class II cabinet, their cabinets incorporate airflow recirculation and exhaust ratios similar to Class II Type A cabinets.
Class II Type B Biohazard Safety Cabinets There are two main differences between Type A and Type B cabinets. Firstly, contaminated air plenums on Type B cabinets must be under negative pressure relative to the ambient environment; alternatively, positive pressure contaminated air plenums must be surrounded by negative pres-sure air plenums. Type B cabinets must also exhaust air directly to the external environment via a dedicated ductwork system. Consequently, they are suitable for microbiological manipulations involving the use of toxic chemicals. These fumes are not removed by the HEPA filter and would otherwise increase in concentration in the limited space of the laboratory (as in the case of the Type A cabinet). By exhausting air to the external environment,
94
chemical fumes are diluted many times over in the atmosphere and become harmless. This is similar to the working principle of a laboratory fume hood. On all Type B cabinets, environmental protection may be enhanced by installing a scrubbing system between the exhaust of the biohazard and the final exhaust point outside the building to neutralize the chemical fumes present in exhaust air. As per the NSF 49 standard, all Type B cabinets must maintain an average inflow air velocity of more than 100 fpm (0.5 m/s).
An ordinary fume hood does not contain HEPA filters to remove biohazard contaminants in the exhaust. Therefore all work involving biohazards should be performed in a biohazard safety cabinet, and not a fume hood, in order to prevent biohazards from contaminating the environment. General laboratory work involving chemicals normally performed in a laboratory fume hood should not be performed in a biohazard safety cabinet.
It nevertheless possible to achieve protection from chemicals even on a Type A cabinet; optional activated carbon filters can be fitted to supplement the cabinets built-in HEPA filters to prevent these chemicals from being exhausted back to your laboratory and re-circulated within the cabinet as the downflow. This is done in some cases when users do not want to incur the cost of having to install a dedicated ducting system. However, for safety reasons, Esco encourages you to ensure that the activated carbon filters are suitable and effective in the filtration of chemicals you may be using within the cabinet. In cases when especially toxic chemicals are involved, a standard Type B cabinet is strongly recommended. Although Type B cabinets are commonly used when chemicals are involved in your work processes, they theoretically provide an increased level of safety as compared to other Type A cabinets. By exhausting air directly to the external environment, they provide an additional fail-safe in the event that the regular exhaust HEPAfiltration ceases to function. Harmful biohazards that would otherwise have a theoretical possibility of gathering within the limited space of the laboratory (assuming the exhaust HEPA filter fails to maintain containment) are diluted many times over in the external environment. However, this perceived benefit must be weighed against the additional cost involving in setting up and installing a dedicated ducting system, which can be difficult considering the regulatory requirements in many countries. The following recommendations for all Class II Type B safety cabinets should also be observed.Blowers on laboratory exhaust systems should be located at the terminal end of the ductwork.They should be properly balanced to deliver correct airflow without the cabinet. When feasible, exhaust blowers should also be connected to the emergency power supply. As a failure in the exhaust blower may not be apparent to the user, Class II Type B cabinets must employ interlocking to ensure that if the exhaust blower fails, the main blower in the cabinet is shut down automatically and without delay. This is to prevent a situation in which the main blower pressurizes the cabinet interior and causes biohazards to escape without filtration into the general laboratory environment.
95
Note: The European (EN 12469:2000) and Australian (AS 2252) standards do not define specific Class II Type B cabinets. For example, in Europe, a Class II Type B cabinet may be referred to simply as a ducted Class II safety cabinet.
As per the NSF 49 standard, Type B cabinets are further divided into the following sub-types.
Class II Type B1 Biohazard Safety Cabinet The Class II Type B1 biohazard safety cabinet was originally specified by the American National Cancer Institute. It has a common plenum from which 70% of air is exhausted, and 30% re-circulated to the work area as the downflow. Type B1 cabinets also have a dedicated exhaust feature that eliminates re-circulation when work is performed towards the back within the interior of the cabinet. Toxic chemicals employed as an adjunct to microbiological processes should only be employed if they do not interfere with work when re-circulated in the downflow. Alternatively, work should be performed in the directly exhausted portion towards to back of the cabinet interior with tracer quantities of such chemicals. Type B1 cabinets have been largely replaced by the relatively recent Type B2 cabinets. Consequently, they are largely considered obsolete. However Type B1 cabinets exhaust less tempered air from the laboratory and are cheaper to operate as compared to Type B2 cabinets.
Class II Type B2 Biohazard Safety Cabinet In the Class II Type B2 cabinet all inflow and downflow air is exhausted after HEPA filtration to the external environment without recirculation within the cabinet. Type B2 cabinets are suitable for work with toxic chemicals employed as an adjunct to microbiological processes under all circumstances since no re-circulation occurs. In theory, Type B2 cabinets may be considered to be the safest of all Class II biohazard safety cabinets since the total exhaust feature acts as a fail-safe in the event that the downflow and/or exhaust HEPA filtration systems cease to function normally. Although such theoretical benefits may be minimal in practice, Class II Type B2 cabinets may be recommended for applications such as toxicology and cytotoxic drug preparation when an increased level of safety is desired. Of course, this assumes that the cost of a Class III biohazard safety cabinet rules it out as an option.
Class II Type B3 Biohazard Safety Cabinet The Class II Type B3 biohazard safety cabinet has a common plenum from which 30% of air is exhausted, and 70% re-circulated to the work area as the downflow. They are similar in this respect to Type A cabinets and many manufacturers in fact offer a combination Class II Type A/B3 cabinet. In addition, they provide an increased level of safety over Type A cabinets due to the fact that all exhaust air is ducted to the external environment instead of being exhausted into the laboratory environment. This provides an additional fail-safe mechanism in case exhaust HEPA filtration fails to maintain containment. It must be noted, however, that these combination cabinets are designed to function specifically as Class II Type A cabinets when initially delivered. They require refitting onsite with an additional exhaust collar and remote blower to
96
function as Class II Type B3 cabinets. Like all Type B3 safety cabinets, combination Class II Type A/B3 cabinets must also have contaminated plenums under negative pressure. Type B3 cabinets may be used with toxic chemicals employed as an adjunct to microbiological processes, provided that these chemicals do not interfere with work when re-circulated in the downflow.
Class III Biohazard Safety Cabinet The Class III biohazard safety cabinet provides an absolute level of safety, which cannot be at-tained with Class I and Class II cabinets. All Class III cabinets are usually of welded metal construction and are designed to be gastight. Work is performed through glove ports in the front of the cabinet. During routine operation, negative pressure relative to the ambient environment is maintained within the cabinet. This provides an additional fail-safe mechanism in case physical containment is compromised. On all Class III cabinets, a supply of HEPA filtered air provides product protection and prevents crosscontamination of samples. Exhaust air is usually HEPA filtered and incinerated. Alternatively, double HEPAfiltration with two filters in series may be utilized. Materials are usually transferred into the cabinet using a pass-through unit installed at the side of the work area. Class III cabinets usually exhaust air back to the laboratory; however, air may also be exhausted via a dedicated ductwork system to the external environment. When a dedicated ductwork system is employed, they are also suitable for work employing toxic chemicals as an adjunct to microbiological processes.
All Class III biohazard safety cabinets are suitable for work with microbiological agents assigned to biological safety levels 1, 2, 3 and 4. They are frequently specified for work involving the most lethal biological hazards.
97
APPENDIX C KI-DISCUS TEST

SECTION A: INTRODUCTION, AND OPERATOR PROTECTION FACTORS The KI discus test is defined in the European Standard for microbiological safety cabinets, EN12469:2000 as a test method for validating the operator protection capabilities of the cabinet.
Before we go into detail about the KI discus test, let us first examine the different factors that influence the operator protection capabilities of any microbiological safety cabinet:
1. Directional air flow - in any Class I or Class II safety cabinet an air curtain flowing from the laboratory into the front of the cabinet always exists in order to prevent biological hazards from escaping from inside the work zone of the cabinet where these hazards may be manipulated.
The performance test related to this aspect is the air flow smoke pattern test, during which the manufacturer ensures that air is flowing inward (into the cabinet from the laboratory) at all positions in the work access opening without any reflux or backflow. This test is a qualitative test.
2. Controlled air velocity - in any Class I or Class II safety cabinet the velocity of the air curtain flowing from the laboratory into the front of the cabinet (the "inflow") must be of a controlled magnitude. Excessive inflow velocity can result in undesirable turbulence that can cause contaminated matter to be "swept" out of the cabinet work zone (through the open front of the cabinet). On the other hand, an inflow velocity which is too low will not be able to sufficiently prevent particles from escaping the interior of the cabinet (i.e. the particles could escape the interior of the cabinet easily with very low "escape velocity").
Each safety cabinet operates within a performance envelope that is determined by the manufacturer by extensive testing. The inflow velocity of the cabinet must fall within this performance envelope (velocity range) in order for the cabinet to deliver optimum protection for the operator.
The physical performance test related to this aspect is the inflow velocity measurement test during which the inflow velocity is measured and reported quantitatively (typically in meters per second or feet per minute).
3. Exhaust filtration - clearly since there is an air curtain entering the front of the safety cabinet, by conservation, some air must also exit the system. In all safety cabinets this exhaust airflow is filtered through high efficiency HEPA / ULPA filters. These filters collect practically all particulate matter in the exhaust air stream on the filter media, therefore preventing any biological hazards from escaping into the laboratory.
Appendix C KI-Discus Test 98
The performance test related to this aspect is the exhaust HEPA filter leak test. During this test the filtration system is "challenged" by a test aerosol (the test aerosol is generated using an aerosol generator placed in the air stream before the exhaust filter). The concentration of test aerosol before the filter, and after the filter, is measured and compared (this involves "scanning" the entire exhaust face of the filter at a very slow rate passing the probe above the filter face). The percentage of aerosol that passes through the filter in other words the penetration is then reported.
The above 3 factors work together in tandem. When one or more factors are compromised the entire safety performance of the cabinet is also degraded. For example a cabinet may have perfect exhaust filtration, but if the directional air flow of the cabinet is compromised and there is turbulence, biological hazards may very well be leaking out from the interior of the cabinet through the work access opening.
SECTION B: THE 4TH TEST, OR MICROBIOLOGICAL OPERATOR PROTECTION TEST Since the 1970s when the first major international standards for biological safety cabinets, such as the NSF49 (USA), were published, the industry also adopted a final / additional test method to validate the operator protection of the cabinet. This test method is known as the microbiological method for validating operator protection, or sometimes simply the "operator protection" test. This 4th test method supplements the above 3 methods in the following ways:
1. The microbiological operator protection test uses actual microbes. Since a safety cabinet is built for manipulating microbes, this provides a very realistic test taking into account other factors which cannot be measured using test methods 1 - 3 above.
2. Assuming the exhaust filters are leak free, the microbiological test measures, to a large extent, the leakage of microbes escaping the interior of the work zone through the work access opening of the cabinet. Since every Class I / Class II has an open front, there is bound to be some "leakage" of microbes during operation through this route. No test except the microbiological operator protection test measures this aspect. (The air flow smoke pattern test, on the other hand, is purely qualitatively whereas the microbiological operator protection test is quantitative).
3. The microbiological operator protection test supplements and complements the other 3 methods and is the most complex and demanding test. Since it provides a quantitative indication of the operator protection level of the cabinet, it can also be used by the manufacturer as a type-test to determine the optimal inflow air velocity of the cabinet design.
The microbiological operator protection test method involves the generation of a bacterial aerosol (containing millions of miniscule particles of bacteria) INSIDE the work zone of the cabinet, while air samplers are operated outside the cabinet. The positions of the nebuliser (the device generating the bacterial aerosol) as well as the air samplers, in addition to the duration of the test are defined strictly in the standards.
The downside of the microbiological operator protection test method is that results take days to obtain and preparation for the test is extremely complex requiring highly trained personnel and special equipment. Consequently it is impractical for use a field-test for a cabinet installed in a laboratory in the real world.
SECTION C: THE KI DISCUS TEST As an alternative to the microbiological operator protection test method the European Standard EN12469:2000 recognizes the KI discus test. Unlike the microbiological operator protection test, the KI discus test is rapid (results can be obtained within 15 minutes of beginning the actual test) and portable - therefore making it extremely useful as a field-test.
The principle of the KI discus test is similar to that of the microbiological operator protection tests. In the KI discus test a "spinning disc" apparatus aerosolizes KI (potassium iodide) solution into very small fine particles. The spinning disc rotates at a very high speed (thousands of rpm) and liquid is continuously deposited onto its surface by a peristaltic pump, discharging millions of fine particles inside the work zone of the cabinet.
At the same time, a metal cylinder is introduced into the cabinet, simulating the airflow disturbance caused by an arm of the operator, while air samplers are collecting air from outside the cabinet. Again, the duration of the test as well as the positioning of the apparatus are strictly defined in the standard.
The air samplers draw air through special filter paper, which, at the end of the test, is immersed in palladium chloride solution. Any potassium iodide particles which escaped through the front of the cabinet during the test show up on the filter paper as small brown dots, which are then examined and counted using a magnifying glass. The KI discus test shows excellent correlation with the microbiological test method for operator protection. In addition to being a more rapid substitute test method for the microbiological operator protection test in the research laboratory, the KI discus test is also extremely useful for validating the actual containment performance in-situ of the biological safety cabinet, a point which is examined in the next section.
SECTION D: THE NEED FOR IN-SITE KI DISCUS TESTING What many users sometimes do not realize is that the performance of the safety cabinet depends greatly on the nature of the installation as well as proper positioning of the cabinet in the laboratory. For example, the inflow air velocity from the laboratory into the cabinet is often of a very low magnitude (around 0.5m/s for example) and this can easily be disrupted by airflow turbulence in the room, for example, an air-conditioning outlet / diffuser.
A safety cabinet may meet all performance criteria in the manufacturer's laboratory after production, as well as in the testing lab of the independent certification agency, but may very well fail to deliver adequate protection on-site when it is actually installed. (It is important to understand that testing conditions in the manufacturer's laboratory as well as the laboratory of the certification agency are ideal test conditions which sometimes do not correlate with real-world conditions).
As we have covered above, the KI discus test (like the microbiological test for operator protection) is a containment tests. A safety cabinet can also pass all the other 3 performance tests (air flow smoke pattern, inflow velocity, and filter integrity) but fail the containment test.
This simple fact, when combined with variables caused by real-world conditions (installation and positioning of the cabinet) create a dangerous combination - the user may feel completely safe if the cabinet has been certified by a local certification company for air flow smoke pattern, filter integrity and inflow velocity etc. (these are very basic / common tests), but he or she may still not be adequately protected because of other factors, such as external airflow disturbances.
The only way to be sure there are no external airflow disturbances is to conduct an on-site containment testing (note, other containment tests for related containment equipment such as the ASHRAE 110 test for fume hoods DO NOT show a correlation with the microbiological test method and are hence unacceptable, in fact the KI discus test is steadily gaining industry acceptance as a more sensitive test compared to the conventional SF6 tracer gas test for fume hoods) individually, for every safety cabinet installed.
Clearly then with the microbiological test method an impracticality, the only alternative is the KI discus test.
The KI discus test not only serves as "confirmation" that the first 3 basic tests (airflow smoke patterns, inflow velocity, filter integrity) have been properly performed, but also validates containment of the cabinet (which the 3 tests do not validate directly and / or quantitatively) AND takes into account possible ambient airflow disturbances, to deliver an overall performance "grade" in terms of operator protection, of the cabinet.
SECTION E: KI DISCUS SERVICES Despite the rapidity of the test method, the KI discus test requires considerable investments in personnel and equipment. Esco is proud to be the only company in Southeast Asia equipped to perform this test, under Esco Biotech Certification (our service division) for customers of our microbiological safety cabinets.
In fact, feedback from many local Singaporean customers indicates that our ability to perform the KI discus test (in addition of course to the high quality of our products as well as independent certification) is often a key factor in their decision to choose only Esco biological safety cabinets. The effects of exposure to biological hazards are often insidious and symptoms may not manifest themselves for years. Thus for your safety and protection, remember to ensure that your cabinet is KI discus tested at least once a year (or in the event of cabinet relocation, filter changing, or other mechanical / electrical service).
APPENDIX D UV LAMPS IN LAMINAR FLOW AND BIOLOGICAL SAFETY CABINET

Introduction
Ultraviolet light is part of the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum, and is divided into 3 wavelength ranges: UV-C, from 100 nanometers (nm) to 280 nm; UV-B, from 280 nm to 315 nm; and UV-A, from 315 nm to 400 nm.
The germicidal ultraviolet lamp emits high intensity ultraviolet radiation concentrated around the wavelength of 253.7nm (i.e. "UV-C radiation"). 95% of the radiation emitted by germicidal lamps is at this wavelength which also happens to be in the region of maximum germicidal effectiveness.
Before laminar flow cabinets were developed in the 1960s and 1970s, biologists in the laboratory used dead air boxes constructed of plastics with nothing more than an UV lamp in them to keep the interior of the box sterile. The UV lamp would be turned on to decontaminate the interior of the box, switched off, leaving the box ready for use. Of course we have come a long way since then - the dead air box system was rudimentary and without any positive pressure airflow (from inside the box to the outside) contaminated room air could easily have been induced into the box again.
Naturally as the use of laminar flow cabinets become increasingly popular UV lamps were also incorporated on these new clean air devices for their germicidal properties. Typically in a laminar flow or biological safety cabinet the UV lamp is activated while the cabinet is not in use to keep the interior of the work zone clean and decontaminated (for example throughout the night until the user returns the next day to use the cabinet again). Modern cabinets have also improved on this feature and some have UV timers to allow the user to control the decontamination cycle (for example to turn the lamp on for a few hours, then shut it down, instead of leaving it on the entire night) in order to conserve lamp life (these lamps have a rated lifespan after which effectiveness rapidly deteriorates).
However, in the late 1970s and 1980s as the use of laminar flow and biological safety cabinets became increasingly prevalent; manufacturers became increasingly aware of the detrimental effects of the UV lamp when used on these cabinets. It is the purpose of this technical paper to discuss the negative effects of using UV lamps in modern laminar flow and biological safety
cabinets, in the hope that this will educate users, purchasers, and anyone involved in laminar flow or biological safety cabinet technology, to ensure better safety all for laboratory users.
1. The use of the UV lamp in laminar flow and biological safety cabinets is explicitly discouraged in all major international standards and recommendations. May we refer the reader to the following references:
a. NSF Standard 49 for Class II Biohazard Safety Cabinetry "UV lighting is not recommended in Class II (laminar flow) biosafety cabinetry. If requested by the purchaser, it shall be installed in such a manner that it does not reduce the required performance (of the cabinet) ... UV irradiation can
Appendix D UV Lamps in Laminar Flow and Biological Safety Cabinet 102
cause erythema of skin and eye damage." (Section 5.25.2)
b. European Standard EN12469:2000 for Microbiological Safety Cabinets "Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is not recommended for use in safety cabinets. However, if requested, it should be installed in such a manner that it does not affect the airflow and containment performance of the cabinet." (Annex A Section 2)
c. Australian Standard AS1386.5 for Clean Workstations (Laminar Flow Cabinets) "It is recommended that the use of UV-lamps be avoided. The need for UV-lamps should first be established by the user. Special safety precautions need to be in use for protection of personnel, products and materials. There is a potential for misuse of UV-lamps with resulting injuries and deleterious effects of pharmaceutical products." (Section 5.12)
d. Australian Standard AS2252.1 for Class I Biological Safety Cabinets "Installation of UV lamps is not recommended ..." (Section 4.7)
e. Australian Standard AS2252.2 for Class II Biological Safety Cabinets "Installation of UV lamps is not recommended ..." (Section 4.7)
f. Australian Standard AS2567 for Laminar Flow Cytotoxic Drug Safety Cabinets "Installation of UV lamps is not recommended ..." (Section 4.7)
g. American CDC Publication "Primary Containment for Biohazards: Selection, Installation and Use of Biological Safety Cabinets" "Ultraviolet (UV) lamps are not required in BSCs" (Page 26)
2. Personnel safety issues
a. Exposure to UV radiation can cause erythema of skin and eye damage.
b. In addition the cabinet needs to be properly equipped with UV-filtering materials (front / side covers) and proper interlocking mechanism to prevent exposure, which increases the overall cost and complexity of the cabinet. When one considers all this additional extra precautions need to be taken, plus the facts concerning the ineffectiveness of the UV lamp (see below), clearly the reasons for not using the UV lamp are compelling.
c. Some UV lamps also contain mercury and breaking the lamp can result in undesirable exposure to this toxic compound.
d. UV radiation is also reflected off some surfaces like stainless steel, which means additional safety precautions need to be taken as well. A front cover / night door must always be utilized on a cabinet when UV is employed to
prevent UV exposure of other personnel in the laboratory when the UV lamp is activated.
e. One of the problems in working with UV radiation is that the symptoms of overexposure are not immediately felt so that persons exposed do not realize the hazard until after the damage is done.
f. Germicidal UV lamps produce ozone which can also be toxic in high concentrations.
3. Performance degradation of the cabinet
a. Ultraviolet radiation can potentially degrade materials in the cabinet such as certain plastics (when they may be used) and sealant (such as RTV / silicone) used to ensure joints / seams are airtight. In the most extreme / dangerous situation for biological safety cabinets, this could cause critical joints to degrade, in turn resulting in other performance issues: loss of pressure tightness integrity (potentially allowing biological hazards to escape through these seams), or allowing contamination to accumulate in these joints posing a cleanability / decontamination problem.
While Esco ensures that all materials in our cabinets are resistant to ultraviolet radiation, this may not be the case for other manufacturers. In addition, clearly by eliminating this extra performance variable (i.e. not using an ultraviolet light) especially after considering the other detrimental effects of the UV lamp, the long-term overall performance of the cabinet can be better ensured.
b. Airflow interference and turbulence. When UV lamps are installed as a permanent fixture in the work zone (which is usually the case for reasons of convenience) they cause unnecessary airflow turbulence which can in turn disrupt product and cross contamination protection. In other words the UV lamp causes turbulence which disrupts the laminar / unidirectional nature of the air stream, which is critical to maintaining proper cabinet product / cross contamination performance.
As detailed in many of the international standards above, the cabinet is tested with the UV lamp in place in order to ensure that it does not degrade this performance aspect. Again, while Esco ensures this by conducting rigorous testing in our in-house research laboratory, this may not always be the case for other manufacturers.
In conclusion, while it is reasonable to say that the UV lamp largely has no effect on the product protection and cross contamination protection of the cabinet, it is also very reasonable to conclude that by eliminating this variable the overall performance of the cabinet can be increased - especially when the other factors in this document as considered as a whole.
4. Ineffectiveness of the UV lamp on modern laminar flow and biological safety cabinets
When considered in the modern perspective of laminar flow and biological safety cabinet technology, the ultraviolet lamp on the whole in generally ineffective for the following reasons:
a. The laminar flow or biological safety cabinet should be operated 24 hours a day (an economic possibility especially when some of Esco's latest energy efficient models are used) to ensure complete sterility, eliminate lengthy startup times, and keep the work zone ready to use at all times, prevent non-decontaminated biological hazards from escaping the work zone from the interior in the case of safety cabinets. When this recommendation is observed the ultraviolet lamp becomes irrelevant.
b. The ultraviolet lamp to a large extent has become largely a fallacy among users of laminar flow and biological safety cabinets today. Again when one considers the way in which these lamps are used this easily becomes apparent.
As mentioned above usually the operator will shut down the blower, install a front / night cover (when available), then turn on the UV lamp. The work zone is then "decontaminated" (or so the user believes) overnight, and the next day when he / she returns to the lab the UV lamp is turned off, and the lamps deactivated. Clearly since the front / night cover is not totally air-tight during this interval the cabinet could already be contaminated before the user has a chance to start the fans, thus rendering whatever "decontamination" that took place in the night useless.
In some extreme situations, UV lamps are used without front / night covers which not only pose a safety risk, but also make the use of the lamp ridiculous. In other words the user turns the lamp on, exits the laboratory, returns the next day and shuts the lamp down. Even during the "decontamination" at night of the cabinet by the lamp the user did not realize that air in the room was already moving into the cabinet thus contaminating all exposed surfaces, thus negating the use of the lamp.
c. Presence of surface contamination in the work zone During the period when the blowers are shut down, the front / night covers installed, and the UV lamp activated, clearly there is ample opportunity for contaminated room air to infiltrate and contaminate the work zone. UV lamps are ineffective as long as any surface contamination (dust particles etc.) is present as UV has limited penetrating power.
d. The lamp does not decontaminate all surfaces in the cabinet On some cabinet designs, the placement and design of the lamp means that not all surfaces in the cabinet are exposed to UV radiation. This is especially the case for biological safety cabinets where the lamp on all cabinet designs does not decontaminate the critical contaminated air return plenum beneath the work surface.
In addition, occasionally some users (disregarding manufacturer recommendations) may store objects inside the cabinet. When this is the case the UV lamp is totally ineffective for these shadowed areas.
e. The lamp must be cleaned regularly (to remove surface dust on the glass surface of the lamp) for maximum effectiveness but this aspect is often ignored by users which therefore degrades the performance of the UV lamp.
5. The UV lamp encourages bad working practice
The lamp encourages bad working practice by giving users a "false sense of security". While manufacturers like Esco constantly emphasize that when the lamp is used it is ONLY an aid to surface decontamination, some users, lulled into a sense of security, may disregard usual surface decontamination practices
In other words before using the cabinet they believe the work zone is clean and do not wipe down with for example 70% alcohol. After using the cabinet they also disregard the wipe down process which is especially important on biological safety cabinets.
When one considers that the UV lamp, for the reasons stated above, is ineffective, this work habit (or the lack thereof) and false sense of security that the UV lamp encourages in users, is detrimental to the performance of the cabinet.
6. Lack of validation
a. UV lamps are not changed when they have to As mentioned above, UV lamps have a specific life cycle and need to be changed after a certain number of hours to maintain effectiveness (radiation intensity). Unfortunately not many service companies have the capability to check the intensity of the UV lamp and consequently the user may persist in using a lamp which has already become ineffective.
b. The effectiveness of the UV lamp cannot be validated There does not exist a single convenient technique that is widely employed for validating the effectiveness of the UV lamp after every decontamination cycle. The best option that exists is the use of a special decontamination paper "strip" that changes appearance after exposure to sufficient radiation, but this is not employed by many cabinet users.
c. Lack of consistency in validation technique Even when the service company may check the intensity of the UV radiation, there exists a general lack of validation technique in the industry. For example even the NSF49 does not have a performance test for validating this aspect of the cabinet. Consequently validation technique often depends on the service company and is not reproducible throughout the industry. Furthermore many service companies simply take one reading in the centre of the work zone which clearly does not suffice given the fact that the user is expecting the UV lamp to be effective in decontamination all work zone surfaces. But then clearly measuring the UV intensity at all work surface positions is impracticality.
APPENDIX E EXHAUST DUCTED CLASS II TYPE A2 SAFETY CABINETS

Introduction
The Class II Type A2 safety cabinet is the most common Class II cabinet (and for that matter the most common biological safety cabinet) design in use. Depending on local regulations, in some countries alternative cabinet designs (such as Class I, Class II Type B2, or Class III etc.) may be used, but nevertheless the Class II Type A2 cabinet is still the most common and this statement in general holds true anywhere in the world.
Class II Type A2 cabinets are defined in the American National Standard NSF49. From a common plenum, these cabinets re-circulate 70% of air in the cabinet as the HEPA-filtered downflow, while 30% is exhausted through HEPA filters. In Europe however, a Class II Type A2 cabinet is simply known as a Class II cabinet. Note, the European standard EN12469:2000 does not define a Type A2 cabinet, but the European standard Class II general definition simply happens to correspond most closely with the American Type A2 definition.
For a further discussion of the different types and classifications of safety cabinets, please request for the separate Esco Technical Paper on the subject.
WHY EXHAUST DUCTING IS REQUIRED
Class II Type A2 (or simply Class II as we shall refer to them in this paper) safety cabinets may be exhaust ducted under the following circumstances:
1. When a higher degree of protection from biological hazards, beyond that provided by a standard room-exhaust Class II cabinet, is required. Remotely exhausting a Class II cabinet means that in case of failure of the exhaust HEPA filter the cabinet exhaust is still remotely discharged to the atmosphere rather than back into the laboratory (a contained space in which hazards can quickly build up and cause harm to personnel).
In other words if the cabinet exhaust filter fails, operator protection is still maintained although environmental protection is compromised (although it is arguable that when the biological hazards are discharged to the atmosphere they are diluted many times over in the environment and become harmless).
It must be noted however that when additional protection is required alternative solutions also exist such as double exhaust filters, and that remotely ducted a cabinet also has the potential to cause problems of its own, which are discussed below in this paper.
2. More commonly, when protection is required from chemical vapours which may be generated inside the cabinet (in some applications volatile chemicals must be used inside the safety cabinet as an adjunct to microbiological work). These chemical vapours are not contained or filtered by the exhaust HEPA filter (remember that HEPA filters
Appendix E Exhaust Ducted Class II Type A2 Safety Cabinets 107
only remove aerosols or particulates). This is provided the chemical vapours do not interfere with work in the safety cabinet when they are re-circulated in the downflow air, and that they are used in tracer (small) quantities. Note when used in large quantities the fact that the Class II (Type A2) cabinet re-circulates a large portion of air (approximately 70%) can result in a safety risk due to excessive vapour build up in the work zone.
For this application alternative solutions (apart from having the exhaust duct the cabinet as discussed in this document) also exist such as exhaust carbon filtration. Carbon filters are able to remove chemical vapours by the process of adsorption. However, they are not effective for all compounds. In addition, monitoring precautions must be taken to detect filter saturation and change the filters at a suitable interval. Esco manufactures modified Class II cabinets with carbon filters; please contact us for more information.
Alternatively, other measures may be recommended such as the use of Class II Type B2 cabinets. For more information on this subject, please request for the Esco technical paper comparing the chemical handling properties of Class II Type A2 and Class II Type B2 cabinets.
NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES OF EXHAUST DUCTING
The decision to exhaust duct a Class II cabinet should not be taken lightly, and should be weighed against the following considerations:
1. Proper installation of the exhaust system. When a Class II cabinet is remotely ducted it becomes totally dependent on the exhaust system for safe operation. Any fault in the exhaust system causing a restriction in the exhaust flow can decrease the inflow velocity of the cabinet therefore affecting cabinet safety. It is reasonable to suggest that the safety of a cabinet when remotely exhausted is only as safe as its remote exhaust installation - even the safest cabinet can become unsafe if the exhaust system is improperly installed. Typical requirements for installing the exhaust system are reviewed below in the document. Therefore in some situations it may very well be safer to forego the extra complexities inherent in remotely exhausting the safety cabinet.
2. Additional cost. Remote ducting a Class II cabinet means that tempered air (air which is conditioned, heated / cooled and filtered for the comfort of people working in the laboratory) will be removed from the laboratory resulting in additional operating costs. Note that recently there has been increasing interest in using variable air volume (VAV) systems in industry to minimize the amount of tempered air removed from the laboratory by ducted safety cabinets. For example the VAV system could be configured to reduce the amount of exhaust air when there is no one using the safety cabinet. Very importantly, it must be emphasized that for the hazards involved in safety cabinets such VAV systems are not recommended.
When the need to remote duct the safety cabinet has been established, certain safety precautions in ensuring the success of the exhaust system installation should be taken.
METHODS OF EXHAUST DUCTING
Let us first review the various ways a safety cabinet may be remotely ducted, and then proceed to outline typical site requirements for the ideal (safest) type of installation:
1. Using an air-tight (hard ducted) connection with remote exhaust fan. The safety cabinet is equipped (either through on-site modification / retrofitting, or by the manufacturer from the factory) with a discharge outlet connected in an air-tight manner to the cabinet exhaust. The discharge outlet (for example 10" in diameter) is then connected to the exhaust system.
The method of installation was widely employed on older Class II cabinets should not be used for reasons of safety. In this method the safety cabinet's internal air flows are influenced by the exhaust system, in other words the inflow velocity of the cabinet is totally affected by the remote exhaust system. Consequently the exhaust system parameters not only have to be carefully specified before the installation, but the exhaust system itself has to be continuously adjusted once a year at least to ensure inflow velocity in the cabinet is within manufacturer specified parameters.
For example, if one were to increase or decrease the "speed" of the exhaust fan, the internal air balance of the cabinet would be affected. In the worse situation in case the exhaust fan were shut down completely the inflow velocity in the cabinet would drop drastically thus affecting safety.
As per NSF49:2002, air-tight connections are prohibited for safety reasons on Class II Type A2 cabinets. All old cabinets fitted with this type of exhaust system should also be field refitted / upgraded to a non-airtight exhaust system.
The primary advantage of this method of exhaust connection is that is reduces the amount of tempered air taken from the room by the exhaust system (on the other hand with the non airtight exhaust system some "auxiliary" air is taken in from the room above the cabinet by the exhaust connection) thus lowering operating costs.
2. Using a non air-tight (thimble) connection with remote exhaust fan. This method is identical to hard ducting above except that the exhaust connection on the safety cabinet has slots allowing air to be taken in from the room. During normal operation with the remote exhaust system running all air flowing across the cabinet's exhaust HEPA filters are taken through the exhaust connection with some extra makeup air taken in through the slots from the laboratory. This is the modern method of exhaust ducting safety cabinets and is also the safest method for the following reasons.
Firstly, using this method the safety cabinet's internal air flows are "allowed" to operate "independently" of the exhaust system. Regardless of any fluctuation in the exhaust system the internal cabinet air balance ratios are maintained.
In case the remote exhaust fan is (for whatever reason) accidentally shut down, the safety cabinet is able to maintain its inflow velocity by exhausting air back to the room. If the cabinet is being used with tracer amounts of chemicals this compromises the operator's protection from chemical vapours. However, protection from biological hazards is maintained. Arguably this is a better solution than in the case of the hard ducted cabinet where no protection exists at all in case of failure of the exhaust system.
On the other hand in case the remote exhaust fan's "speed" is increased accidentally, a thimble-ducted cabinet's internal air balance ratios will also not be affected (the amount of air intake through the slots of the thimble will simply be increased). On the other hand with hard ducted cabinets the inflow velocity will increase and cause possible product contamination (i.e. contaminated laboratory air will bypass the cabinet front air grille and flow into the work zone).
3. In some cases when the duct run is short there have been instances in which the cabinet is directly connected to the exhaust duct using a booster fan or in some cases no booster fan at all. These methods are used in cases when it is impossible to mount an exhaust fan at the exhaust system discharge point (i.e. on top of the building).
In both these cases the internal cabinet air balance is adjusted either by adjusting exhaust fan setting, or when a single fan cabinet is used adjusting the internal cabinet damper, to compensate for the increased airflow resistance in the ductwork). It must be emphasized that these methods are to be severely discouraged for the following safety reasons:
a. If no booster fan is used, then the exhaust ductwork has to have an airtight connection with the cabinet. This result in all the safety problems of airtight exhaust connections (see point 1 above). In addition in this method the exhaust duct is placed under positive pressure which means the exhaust ductwork has to be completely sealed and airtight, otherwise chemical hazards could escape through seams in the exhaust duct back into the laboratory.
b. If a booster fan is used (i.e. the exhaust connection interface can be non-airtight / thimble type), the safety risks present with airtight exhaust connections are mitigated. However, this method also places the exhaust ductwork under positive pressure resulting in the safety problems discussed above.
On Esco Class II Type A2 cabinets, airtight connections (whether with a remote fan as in point 1 or direct connection as in point 3A and 3B) are not encouraged for the safety reasons discussed above. For these same safety reasons these types of exhaust connections are also not available in our standard product line. On special request they made be custom built with the understanding on the part of the user that we are not responsible for any resulting safety issues.
IDEAL SITE REQUIREMENTS FOR REMOTE EXHAUSTING CLASS II TYPE A2 CABINETS
1. Dedicated exhaust ductwork system, which discharges all exhaust air to the environment without any recirculation back into the building air supply system.
2. Thimble / non airtight cabinet exhaust connection with a gasketed front access removable cover so that the exhaust filter can be scanned for leaks without having to disconnect the cabinet from the exhaust system. The exhaust connection should also be designed so as to allow access for servicing the cabinet without causing physical obstruction (i.e. damper adjustments / electrical maintenance). Lastly the connection should also be designed to allow the exhaust port of the cabinet to be sealed off during decontamination (this can be accomplished by sealing off the air gap slots themselves if the exhaust collar interface with the cabinet is air-tight, and then closing the air-tight damper above the cabinet - or alternatively sealing off the cabinet exhaust outlet itself).
3. Remote exhaust fan mounted at the discharge point (i.e. on the building rooftop) in order to place the duct under negative pressure. The exhaust fan and ducting system must be correctly sized to provide for adequate exhaust volume at the cabinet exhaust port (typically cabinet exhaust volume + 15% extra volume taken in through the air gap connection + extra safety factor). Pressure losses in the duct run must be calculated properly and a safety factor incorporated. The exhaust volume for each Esco Class II cabinet is detailed clearly in our literature as the exhaust / inflow air volume.
Note: a Class II Type A2 cabinet's internal fan is able to exhaust air from inside the cabinet across the exhaust HEPA / ULPA filter to the ambient space immediately above the filter (i.e. to the laboratory). However the internal fan in the Class II Type A2 cabinet is not able to exhaust the air in a duct run of any length (even a short duct run, without an external fan, will cause a decrease in the cabinet inflow). Since this is the though it should be noted the remote exhaust fan DOES NOT need to have the capacity to "pull" air across the cabinet exhaust filter (this work is "handled" by the internal cabinet fan) and that the external exhaust fan only needs to be sized to take into account the pressure loss in the duct run, and to a certain extent, a minute amount of pressure loss taking in air through the air gaps in the thimble / exhaust collar connection.
4. Means near the cabinet (i.e. exhaust damper or frequency inverter) to throttle / adjust the exhaust flow. This is used by the cabinet certifier to adjust the slot / air gap intake velocity (additional air intake through the non airtight exhaust connection on top of the cabinet) to a suitable value. For easy access it must be mounted near the cabinet (i.e. damper above the cabinet).
5. If necessary, an airtight damper should be provided to allow sealing off the cabinet for decontamination. On the other hand in certain situations it may be sufficient (depending on the design of the exhaust collar) to simply seal off the cabinet exhaust port directly - thus an air-tight damper is not required.
6. A means to prevent backflow in the exhaust ducting for safety (in the most extreme situation backflow in the duct could push air from inside the cabinet through the cabinet work access opening thus exposing the laboratory to contamination inside the cabinet). This is most commonly accomplished using an anti blow-back or anti backflow valve fabricated in plastic mounted on top of the cabinet, allowing visual verification from inside the laboratory of proper exhaust operation.
Special Note
1. Exhaust volumes (updated October 2002) for Airstream Class II cabinets 2ft cabinet, 216cmh (cubic meters per hour) 3ft cabinet, 324cmh 4ft cabinet, 432cmh 5ft cabinet, 540cmh 6ft cabinet, 648cmh
For remote exhaust fan air volume sizing, use above exhaust volume + 15% air gap air intake + extra safety factor (20% is recommended). Then, use this air volume to calculate pressure loss in the ductwork (this part must be handled by the distributor).
2. If your company does not have experience with exhaust ducting Class II Type A2 cabinets, attendance at an Esco service training seminar is mandatory. In addition, you will need to have special instrumentation available (at least a calibrated thermo anemometer) - which is something that is also covered during the training seminar. The initial commissioning of Class II Type A2 cabinets consists of at least taking downflow / inflow velocity measurements and additional tests (such as HEPA filter leak tests) are always recommended. Please contact us for information on the next available seminar. Alternatively, you may also speak to us about special services (at additional cost) such as on-site commissioning by an Esco engineer who can travel to your customer's site. See our literature for more information regarding the on-site commissioning checks that need to be performed.
APPENDIX F REFERENCE MATERIALS

FILTRATION TECHNOLOGY Introduction to Contamination Control and Cleanroom Technology .2000. Matt Ramstorp. Wiley-VCH. Weinheim.
Cleanroom Technology. Fundamentals of Design, Testing, and Operation. 2001. Whyte.W. Wiley, West Sussex, England.
IEST-RP-CC001: HEPA and ULPA Filters.2002. Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology, Illinois, USA.
IEST-RP-CC007: Testing ULPA Filters.2002. Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology, Illinois, USA.
IEST-RP-CC021: Testing HEPA and ULPA Filter Media.2002. Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology, Illinois, USA.
IEST-RP-CC034: HEPA and ULPA Filter Leak Tests.2002. Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology, Illinois, USA.
BS EN 13091: Biotechnology. Performance Criteria for Filter Elements and Filtration Assemblies. 2000. British Standards, UK.
CLEAN AIR TECHNOLOGY ISO 14644: Cleanrooms and Controlled Environments.2000. International Organization for Standardization, Switzerland.
IEST-G-CC1001: Counting Airborne Particles for Classification and Monitoring of Cleanrooms and Clean Zones.1999. Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology, Illinois, USA.
IEST-G-CC1002: Determination of the Concentration of Airborne Ultrafine Particles.1999. Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology, Illinois, USA.
IEST-G-CC1003: Measurement of Airborne Macro Particles.1999. Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology, Illinois, USA. IEST-G-CC1004: Sequential Sampling Plan for Use in Classification of the Particulate Cleanliness of Air in Cleanrooms and Clean Zones.1999. Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology, Illinois, USA.
BIOLOGICAL SAFETY BS EN 12741: Biotechnology. Laboratories for Research, Development, and Analysis. Guidance for Biotechnology Laboratory Operations. 1999. British Standards, UK.
Appendix F Reference Materials 113
BS EN 12128: Biotechnology. Laboratories for Research, Development, and Analysis. Containment Levels of Microbiology Laboratories, Areas of Risk, Localities, and Physical Safety Requirements. 1998. British Standards, UK.
Anthology of Biosafety I. Perspectives on Laboratory Design.1999. Richmond, J.Y., American Biological Safety Association. Illinois, USA.
Anthology of Biosafety II. Facility Design Consideration.1999. Richmond, J.Y., American Biological Safety Association. Illinois, USA.
Anthology of Biosafety III. Application of Principles.1999. Richmond, J.Y., American Biological Safety Association. Illinois, USA.
SAFETY CABINETS BS EN 12469: Biotechnology. Performance Criteria for Microbiological Safety Cabinet. 2000. British Standards, UK.
BS EN 12296: Biotechnology. Equipment. Guidance on Testing Procedures for Cleanability. 1998. British Standards, UK.
BS EN 12297: Biotechnology. Equipment. Guidance on Testing Procedures for Sterilizability. 1998. British Standards, UK.
BS EN 12298: Biotechnology. Equipment. Guidance on Testing Procedures for Leak Tightness. 1998. British Standards, UK.
National Sanitation Foundation Standard Number 49 for Class II (Laminar Flow) Biohazard Cabinetry. 2002. National Sanitation Foundation, Michigan, USA.
AS2252.2: Class II Biological Safety Cabinets. 1994. Australia.
AS2567: Cytotoxic Drug Safety Cabinets. 1994. Australia.
AS2639: Cytotoxic Drug Safety Cabinets. Installation and Use. 1994. Australia.
AS2647: Biological Safety Cabinets. Installation and Use. 1994. Australia.
JIS K3800: Class II Biological Safety Cabinets.2000. Japan.
SABS 0226: Installation, Post-Installation Tests and Maintenance of Microbiological Safety Cabinets. 2001. South Africa.
WEBSITES 1. www.nsf.org NSF International
2. www.escoglobal.com Esco Micro Pte. Ltd.
3. http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hpb/lcdc/biosafty/docs/index.html Health Canada - Laboratory Biosafety Guidelines 4. http://www.cdc.gov/od/ohs/biosfty/bsc/bsc.htm Centre for Disease Control Primary Containment for Biohazards
5. http://www.cdc.gov/od/ohs/biosfty/bmbl4/bmbl4toc.htm Centre for Disease Control Office of Health and Safety Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories
6. http://www.osha.gov Occupational Safety and Health Administration, USA
7. http://www.absa.org American Biological Safety Association
8. http://www.cetainternational.org and http://www.cetainternational.org/links.htm Controlled Environment Testing Association and Related Links
Log Record Installed By: Date Company :_____________________ :_____________________ Cabinet Model:______________ Serial Number:______________
Responsible Person:_____________________ 1. This log record should be used by the operator to record any new agents/bacteria/viruses that has been introduced to the cabinet during its operation, problems encountered, etc. 2. Any decontamination procedure performed by either the user or the technician should be recorded down as well. 3. Please also record any major maintenance procedure performed by the technician, for example: filter changing, recertification, uv lamp replacement, etc.
Date
Event
Operator Signature
Manager Signature
Date
Event
Operator Signature
Manager Signature
Date
Event
Operator Signature
Manager Signature
Date
Event
Operator Signature
Manager Signature
ESCO
21 Changi South Street 1 Singapore 486777 PHONE +65 65420833 FAX +65 65426920 E-MAIL biotech@escoglobal.com Visit our website at www.escoglobal.com

Airstream Class Ii Biohazard Safety Cabinet Quick Reference Sheet

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originalbeschreibung:

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Airstream Class Ii Biohazard Safety Cabinet Quick Reference Sheet

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

ESCO AIRSTREAM CLASS II BIOHAZARD SAFETY CABINET

QUICK REFERENCE SHEET

General / Safety Instructions 1.

Starting the Cabinet 1.

ESCO AIRSTREAM CLASS II BIOHAZARD SAFETY CABINET

Working in the Cabinet 1.

Shutting Down the Cabinet 1.

ESCO AIRSTREAM CLASS II

USER & SERVICE MANUAL

WELCOME NOTE FROM ESCO

Safety Warning and Limitation of Liability

This declaration is valid also as declaration of conformity to the following directives:

73/23/ EEC 89/336/EEC 93/68/EEC 98/37/EEC

FREIGHT CLAIM INFORMATION

ACCEPTED FREIGHT WITH NOTED/VISIBLE LOSS OR DAMAGE

Freight Claim Information 6

Freight Claim Information 7

WARRANTY TERMS AND CONDITIONS

Warranty Terms and Conditions 8

CORPORATE PROFILE BIOTECHNOLOGY EQUIPMENT DIVISION

applied towards the construction of laminar flow clean air devices.

corporate headquarters. This state-of-the-art

fabrication centre houses the latest CNC (computer numerically

intervention. An advanced powdercoating process is also operated in-

capabilities were established. Eventually, the

dangerous diseases. In a small way, Esco contributes towards

laboratory with a history of quality cabinets since 1978. We are

Corporate Profile Biotechnology Equipment Division 9

The World-Class Development At Esco, continuous Research and equipped

laboratories with the

Management System Esco also practices

analysers, light/noise level/vibration meters microbiological/containment instruments. and test

cabinets are also constructed of easily recyclable stainless steel.

ISO 9001 Quality Management System At Esco, quality and

conference / training facilities for visitors, and various testing

performance of our products.

Corporate Profile Biotechnology Equipment Division 10

CHAPTER I BASIC PRODUCT INFORMATION

Downflow (Approx. 65%)

Chapter I Basic Product Information 11 USER SECTION

preventing possible filter seal/gasket and cabinet carcass leaks

ISO Class 3 work zone air cleanliness

Chapter I Basic Product Information 12 USER SECTION

Chapter I Basic Product Information 13 USER SECTION

Please refer to chapter 2 of SERVICE SECTION for detailed product specification.

Chapter I Basic Product Information 14 USER SECTION

CHAPTER II UNPACKING YOUR CABINET

Fig. 1 Moving the Crate Using Extension Bar

Chapter II Unpacking Your Cabinet 15 USER SECTION

Chapter II Unpacking Your Cabinet 16 USER SECTION

Fig. 2 Removing the strapping

Chapter II Unpacking Your Cabinet 17 USER SECTION

Chapter II Unpacking Your Cabinet 18 USER SECTION

CHAPTER III INSTALLING YOUR CABINET

Chapter III Installing Your Cabinet 19 USER SECTION

Chapter III Installing Your Cabinet 20 USER SECTION

Chapter III Installing Your Cabinet 21 USER SECTION

Chapter III Installing Your Cabinet 22 USER SECTION

Chapter III Installing Your Cabinet 23 USER SECTION

Chapter III Installing Your Cabinet 24 USER SECTION

Chapter III Installing Your Cabinet 25 USER SECTION

Chapter III Installing Your Cabinet 26 USER SECTION