Stroebel, Wedal 1

Miranda v. Arizona: You Have the Right to Remain Silent

Sami Stroebel and Megan Wedal National History Day 2014 Senior Division Group Website

Sources with Primary Information

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Photos
Arizona Memory Project. Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records, n.d. Web. 29 Jan. 2014.<http://azmemory.azlibrary.gov/cdm/search/searchterm/miranda!ernesto%20mirand a/field/ all!title/mode/all!all/conn/and!and/order/nosort/ad/asc>. This is a database that has seven pictures/scans of actual documents used for the Miranda v. Arizona case, including Ernesto Mirandas fingerprints, arrest records, and an amended accusation. We were able to use it as pictures on our website and for additional information on the case. Byron White. N.d. Photograph. Soylent Communications. NNDB. Web. 18 February 2014. <http://www.nndb.com/people/401/000059224/>. This photograph of Justice White was used on our website. Corbus Images. Ernesto Miranda. N.d. Photograph. Pbs.org. PBS. Web. 20 January 2014. <http://www.pbs.org/wnet/supremecourt/timeline/1966.html>. This is a mugshot of Ernesto Miranda for our website. Earl Warren. N.d. Photograph. UC San Diego. Earl Warren College. Web. 19 February 2014. This is a photograph of Chief Justice Warren for our website. Ernesto Miranda Signature. 1966. Photograph. EVANBRUNO.COM. Web. 20 January 2014. <http://evanbruno.com/blog/2013/6/7/famous-defendant-profile-ernesto-miranda>. We used this picture of Ernesto Mirandas signature on a Miranda Rights card for our website. John Marshall Harlan. N.d. Photograph. Soylent Communications. NNDB. Web. 18 February 2014. <http://www.nndb.com/people/793/000118439/>. This is a photograph of Justice Harlan for our website. Miranda Mug Shot. N.d. Photograph. Phoenix, AZ. Dayton City Paper. Dayton City Paper. Web. 20 Jan.2014.<http://www.daytoncitypaper.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Mira

Stroebel, Wedal 3 nda-mug-shot-Phoenix-19.jpg>. This is a photo collage of three of Ernesto Mirandas mugshots. We used this on our website. Miranda Warning. N.d. Photograph. Los Angeles Criminal Defense by Former Prosecutor. Law Office of Jeffery K. Rubenstein, 16 Oct. 2013. Web. 20 Jan. 2014. <http://www.jkrlaw.com/do-the-police-have-to-read-me-my-rights/>. This is a photo of the Miranda warning that states exactly what police must read when they arrest someone. Supreme Court Building, Washington, D.C. N.d. Photograph. Cr.nps.gov. National Park Service. Web. 20 January 2014. <http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/butowsky2/constitution9.htm>. We used this for our website, as we wanted a picture of the Supreme Court building. Suspect Lineup. 1966. Photograph. Azcentral.com. Azcentral.com. Web. 20 January 2014. <http://www.azcentral.com/news/articles/az-world-miranda-ruling.html>. This photo of the suspect lineup for Mirandas crime was used by us on our website. The Warren Court (1965-1967). N.d. Photograph. Oyez: IIt Chicago-Kent College of Law. Oyez, Inc. Web. 10 December 2013. <http://www.oyez.org/courts/warren/war8>. This is a photograph of the court that decided Ernesto Mirandas fate. Tom C. Clark. N.d. Photograph. Soylent Communications. NNDB. Web. 18 February 2014. <http://www.nndb.com/people/337/000167833/>. This photo of Justice Clark was used on our website. Warren Court, 1969. N.d. Photograph. Powell At The Supreme Court. The Alicia Patterson Foundation. Web. 3 February 2014. <http://aliciapatterson.org/stories/powellsupreme-court>. This photograph of the Warren Court listed all the Justices in order as shown and was useful for our website.

Websites

Stroebel, Wedal 4 Graham, Fred P. "High Court Puts New Curb On Powers Of The Police To Interrogate Subjects." The New York Times. N.p., 14 June 1966. Web. 31 Jan. 2014. <https://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0613.html>. This is a website by The New York Times that posts archived newspapers each day about events that happened that day. Here we found a picture of the newspaper with our article boxed and the contents of it typed below for easier reading. We were able to use this for the medias reaction to the case decision.

"Miranda, Rights Ruling Subject, Killed In Fight." Arizona Daily Star [Tucson] 1 February 1976: n. pag. Web. 13 January 2014. This PDF file of a newspaper from the time of Mirandas killing showed what was revealed about Miranda to the public after his death. We used it to get an idea of how his death was taken, and also as a comparison to how he was portrayed before and after his death. MIRANDA v. ARIZONA. The Oyez Project at IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law, n.d. Web. 24 November 2013. <http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1965/1965_75>. This site includes voice recordings of the Miranda v. Arizona case as well as written transcripts for each one. We used this to get a first-hand look at Mirandas trial.

"MIRANDA v. ARIZONA, 384 U.S. 436 (1966)." FindLaw | Cases and Codes. Thomson Reuters, n.d. Web. 11 January 2014. This site provides a full text of the Miranda decision. "Miranda Rights (Reason): American Treasures of the Library of Congress." American Treasures of the Library of Congress. Library of Congress, 27 July 2010. Web. 26 January 2014. This site provides the handwritten notes of Earl Warren, the Supreme Court Chief Justice at the time of the case. We were able to read these and figure out more of his thoughts on the verdict.

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"Phoenix Conviction Reversed." The Arizona Republic [Phoenix] 14 June 1966: 1+. Web. 14 January 2014. This is a PDF file of an article from The Arizona Republic Newspaper that was sent to us by a historian from the Arizona Historical Society. We used this to get an idea of how the case was portrayed to the public during the time it happened.

Sources with Secondary Information Audio

Miranda v. Arizona (1966). Supreme Court Landmarks: Miranda v. Arizona Podcast. United States Courts, n.d. Web. 25 November 2013. <http://www.uscourts.gov/multimedia/ podcasts/Landmarks/MirandavArizona.aspx>. This website includes a recorded podcast from the United States Courts with an interview of a law professor at the University of Michigan who gives his opinions on the case. His statement, ...it was unclear what rights criminal suspects had when they were taken down to the police station...people were very confused about what their rights were, people had no idea..., helped us understand what happened behind the scenes and the outcome of Mirandas trial.

Cartoons
Asay, Chuck. "Miranda Rights Political Cartoon." Cartoon. Learnist. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Jan. 2014. <http://learni.st/learnings/379357-miranda-rights-political-cartoon>. This is a political cartoon that we used on a page on our website. Cagle, Daryl. Cartoon. TheModerateVoice. The Moderate Voice, 28 Apr. 2013. Web. 20 Jan. 2014. This is a political cartoon that we used on a page on our website. Rall, Ted. Cartoon. The Opposite of Wrong. N.p., 16 June 2010. Web. 7 Feb. 2014. <http://opedcartoons.com/2010/06/16/june-political-cartoons-on-obama-helen-thomas-

Stroebel, Wedal 6 soccer-and-oil-spill/>. This is another political cartoon that we used for a page on our website. "Right to Remain Silent." Comic strip. About.com. About.com, 16-22 May 2010. Web. 21 Jan. 2014. <http://politicalhumor.about.com/od/politicalcartoons/ig/Political-Cartoons/Right-toRemain-Silent.htm>. This is a political cartoon/comic strip that we used for a page on our website. Smith, Kevin. Cartoon. CartoonStock. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Feb. 2014. <http://www.cartoonstock.com/directory/m/miranda_rights.asp>. This is another political cartoon that we used for a page on our website.

Photos
Gavel. N.d. Photograph. "Excessive Bail Shall Not Be Required.." Excessivebail.com, 16 July 2013. Web. 7 Feb. 2014. <http://www.excessivebail.com/the-well-accepted-rule-is-that-youare-clearly-high/>. This is just a picture of a gavel that we used for the headers of one of the pages on our website. Obama. N.d. Photograph. Nevada County Democrats. Web. 7 Feb. 2014. <http://www.nevadacountydemocrats.com/>. This is simply a picture of Barack Obama that we used on our website.

Videos
Head, Bubba. "Miranda Warning - Miranda Rights." Online Video Clip. YouTube. YouTube, 4 November. 2011. Web. 15 December. 2013. We used this video clip as an example of the use, or rather, misuse, of the Miranda Rights in real life.

Stroebel, Wedal 7 "Miranda v. Arizona". Online Video Clip. C-Span Video Library. C-Span, 3 March. 1994. Web. 10 December 2013. This is a video clip that contains an interview with Bruce Collins, C-Span VP, and Peter H. Irons, a professor at the University of California San Diego. We used it to hear their commentary on the case (which was conducted somewhat close to the year of the case) and to get more information on the moral aspects of it. NasirNews. Miranda Rights Wont Be Read For Boston Bombing Suspect. Online Video Clip. YouTube. YouTube, 20 April. 2013. Web. 15 December. 2013. This is a news segment video clip from last spring when the Boston Bombing suspects were not read their Miranda Rights. We used this in a segment of our website to connect our topic to today.

Websites
Capra, Miranda, PhD. "The Miranda Warning." Miranda Capra, PhD, User Experience Researcher. N.p., 2005. Web. 10 December 2013. We used this for the actual quotation of the Miranda Rights as well as a place to find additional sources and legal information regarding the case. Ernesto A. MIRANDA, Petitioner, v. STATE OF ARIZONA. Michael VIGNERA, Petitioner, v. STATE OF NEW YORK. Carl Calvin WESTOVER, Petitioner, v. UNITED STATES. STATE OF CALIFORNIA, Petitioner, v. Roy Allen STEWART. Legal Information Institute. Cornell University Law School, n.d. Web. 3 December 2013. <http://www. law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/384/436>. This website includes the opinion of Chief Justice Warren, speaking for the majority, and the dissenting opinions of Justices Harlan, Stewart and White. We found this helpful to understand the end result of the trial. Ernesto Miranda. NNDB. Soylent Communications, n.d. Web. 26 January 2014. <http:// www.nndb.com/people/596/000125221/>. This website provided very basic information on Miranda himself as well as his trial.

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Facts and Case Summary. United States Courts. U.S. Courts, n.d. Web. 25 November 2013. <http://www.uscourts.gov/educational-resources/get-involved/constitutionactivities/fifth-amendment/miranda-criminal-defense/facts-case-summary.aspx>. We used this site for background information on the Miranda v. Arizona trial and related ones as well. It includes brief summaries of each case as well as the dates argued and decided, who wrote and joined each opinion, and the site includes a summary of the follow-up trial for Miranda, all of which helped us obtain a basic understanding at the start of our research. History Archives: Superior Court Criminal AZ vs. Ernesto Miranda. Phoenix, AZ: Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records, n.d. PDF. 18 December 2013. This was sent to us in an email by a worker at the Arizona Historical Society. It provides some very minor, brief background on the case and gives information on where to find all of the archives that they have online. "History of Miranda Warning." MirandaWarning.org. MirandaWarning.org, n.d. Web. 23 January 2014. This gives a brief summary of the Miranda v. Arizona case and its effects on the constitution and citizens rights. McBride, Alex. Miranda v. Arizona (1966). Supreme Court History: Expanding Civil Rights. PBS, December 2006. Web. 25 November 2013. <http://www.pbs.org/wnet/supremecourt/rights/landmark_miranda.html>. This website was also used for background information on the case. "Miranda v. Arizona." Casebriefs. Casebriefs LLC, n.d. Web. 10 December 2013. We used this for a simple, basic case summary. "Miranda v. Arizona, 1966." PHSchool. PHSchool, n.d. Web. 10 December 2013. This site describes the background, constitutional issues, and a summary of the decision of the Miranda v. Arizona case. Miranda v. Arizona (1966): Self-Incrimination, Due Process. Landmark Cases of the US Supreme Court. Street Law, Inc., The Supreme Court Historical Society, n.d. Web. 10

Stroebel, Wedal 9 December 2013. <http://www.streetlaw.org/en/landmark/cases/miranda_v_arizona>. This site outlines Mirandas confession and first trial. "Miranda vs. Arizona Timeline." Timetoast. Timetoast, n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://www.timetoast.com/timelines/miranda-vs-arizona>. This is a timeline made by a user on Timetoast that briefly goes over the events of the case. We used it on the case page of our website for additional information. "On This Day: Supreme Court Requires Police to Give "Miranda" Warnings." On This Day. Dulcinea Media, Inc., n.d. Web. 10 December 2013. This site not only provided background information for us, but also gives sources that give a full text PDF of the Miranda decision and handwritten notes from the chief justice during the Miranda appeal. Turley, Jonathan. Obama Orders Limits on Miranda Rights for Domestic Subjects. Jonathan Turley. Jonathan Turley, n.d. Web. 20 February 2014. <http://jonathanturley.org/2011/03/24/obama-orders-limits-on-miranda-rights-fordomestic-suspects/>. This article was helpful for some of the pages on our website. We used it as a relation of the case to modern day news.

Other
Trimble, Marshall. Ernesto Miranda. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Word Document. This is a word document written by a historian that was emailed to us. We used it for a short biography on Ernesto Miranda to find out information about his past convictions and misdemeanors.