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Flooding Velocity in Vertical Shell and Tube Condensers

Use this calculation procedure to calculate the minimum flooding velocity in a vertically mounted shell and tube condenser. This procedure includes helpful worksheets to obtain the necessary physical properties for the calculation as well as heat exchanger tube data. The spreadsheet includes both english and metric units.

Do not rename sheets in this workbook Sheets are protected, but protection may be turned off. This spreadsheet is copyright ## ( The )hemical *ngineers+ Resource ,age( www.cheresources.com. The information contained herein may not be retransmitted( copied( or electronically posted without the expressed written consent of The )hemical *ngineers+ Resource ,age. -ou may use this spreadsheet for personal or professional use only. )heresources( .nc. and it+s associates can not be held responsible for the results obtained from this program. /ood engineering 0udgement should always be exercised in using this or any other software. Revision History : 1 !"1! ##" $ %apor &ensity worksheet was using standard temperatures in error. 'orksheet changed to reflect the use of absolute temperatures.

Flooding Velocity in Vertical Shell and Tube Condensers


Applicable to: Vertically oriented shell and tube condensers with upflow vapors on the tubeside

Assumption of Method: --Methods used are based on correlations derived from experimental data --Actual vapor velocity calculated is the velocity at the tube entrance Calculation Details: Begin by defining the physical properties of the fluids in the system. Define the liquid density at the condensing temperature 0 !" lb'ft( 1i2uid &ensity 'orksheet Define the vapor density at the condensing temperature and pressure V #.$ lb'ft( %apor &ensity 'orksheet References: 5lekseev and *nglish( et.al( presented by *3&U( 6Reflux )ondensation in %ertical Tubes6( &ata .tem 78#"7( 1878. H*&H( page .9. $: 4omenclature 0- liquid density 3lb'ft(4 V- vapor density 3lb'ft(4 - liq. surface tension 3dynes'cm4 0- liquid viscosity 3c)4 Di - tube inside diameter 3in4 Ax - cross sectional area 3ft%4 M0 - liquid mass flow rate 3lb'h4 MV - vapor mass flow rate 3lb'h4 - tube cut angle 3degrees4 Vflood - flooding velocity 3ft's4 Vactual - actual vapor velocity 3ft's4

Define the surface tension of the liquid %& dynes'cm

3urface Tension 'orksheet

Define the liquid viscosity at the condensing temperature 0 #.(( c) 1i2uid %iscosity 'orksheet *ext+ identify the heat exchanger geometry *umber of ,ubes /nside Diameter 3Di4 Ax %## #."(% in #.!&..$ ft
%

Tube &ata 1ookup )hart

/dentify the mass flow rates at the end of the exchanger 0iquid Mass 1low 2ate %!## lb'h 3condensate flow out of exchanger4 Vapor'5as Mass 1low 2ate !### lb'h 3vapor flow into exchanger4 661or total condensation+ enter 787 here --9 3for partial condensation+ leave blan:4 666 Vapor flow into exchanger must be larger than or equal to the condensate flow out of the exchanger

;hoose tube end style ;ut tubes can result in a significant increase in the maximum allowable flooding velocity > increase in allowable Angle gas flow rate (#? ! @#? %! "#? !!

<quare =nd 3standard tubes4 ;ut ,ubes 3below4

@# ? 3only needed for cut tubes4

Flooding Velocity in Vertical Shell and Tube Condensers


Applicable to: Vertically oriented shell and tube condensers with upflow vapors on the tubeside

Assumption of Method: --Methods used are based on correlations derived from experimental data --Actual vapor velocity calculated is the velocity at the tube entrance Calculation Details: Begin by defining the physical properties of the fluids in the system. Define the liquid density at the condensing temperature 0 &&# :g'm( 1i2uid &ensity 'orksheet Define the vapor density at the condensing temperature and pressure V 8... :g'm( %apor &ensity 'orksheet References: 5lekseev and *nglish( et.al( presented by *3&U( 6Reflux )ondensation in %ertical Tubes6( &ata .tem 78#"7( 1878. H*&H( page .9. $: 4omenclature 0- liquid density 3:g'm(4 V- vapor density 3:g'm(4 - liq. surface tension 3dynes'cm4 0- liquid viscosity 3c)4 Di - tube inside diameter 3mm4 Ax - cross sectional area 3m%4 M0 - liquid mass flow rate 3:g'h4 MV - vapor mass flow rate 3:g'h4 - tube cut angle 3degrees4 Vflood - flooding velocity 3m's4 Vactual - actual vapor velocity 3m's4

Define the surface tension of the liquid %& dynes'cm

3urface Tension 'orksheet

Define the liquid viscosity at the condensing temperature 0 #.(( c) 1i2uid %iscosity 'orksheet *ext+ identify the heat exchanger geometry *umber of ,ubes /nside Diameter 3Di4 Ax %## 8&.!$ mm Tube &ata 1ookup )hart #.#!.%& m%

/dentify the mass flow rates at the end of the exchanger 0iquid Mass 1low 2ate %%"( :g'h 3condensate flow out of exchanger4 Vapor'5as Mass 1low 2ate %%"( :g'h 3vapor flow into exchanger4 661or total condensation+ enter 787 here --9 8 3for partial condensation+ leave blan:4 666 Vapor flow into exchanger must be larger than or equal to the condensate flow out of the exchanger Liquid Mass Flow Rate should equal Vapor/Gas Mass Flow Rate ;hoose tube end style ;ut tubes can result in a significant increase in the maximum allowable flooding velocity > increase in allowable Angle gas flow rate (#? ! @#? %! "#? !! <quare =nd 3standard tubes4 ;ut ,ubes 3below4

@! ? 3only needed for cut tubes4

hell and !ube "eat #$chan%er !ube Data


&utside Diameter in* mm 8'% 8%." '(G ,umber 8% 8. 8@ 8& %# 8% 8. 8@ 8& 8% 8. 8@ 8& 8# 8% 8. 8@ 8# 8% 8. 8@ 8# 8% 8. 8# 8% (all !hic)* in* mm #.8#$ %."" #.#&( %.88 #.#@! 8.@! #.#.$ 8.%. #.#(! #.&$ #.8#$ %."" #.#&( %.88 #.#@! 8.@! #.#.$ 8.%. #.8#$ %."" #.#&( %.88 #.#@! 8.@! #.#.$ 8.%. #.8(. (..# #.8#$ %."" #.#&( %.88 #.#@! 8.@! #.8(. (..# #.8#$ %."" #.#&( %.88 #.#@! 8.@! #.8(. (..# #.8#$ %."" #.#&( %.88 #.8(. (..# #.8#$ %."" +nside Diameter in* mm #.%&% ".8@ #.((. &..& #.("# $..# #..#% 8#.%8 #..(# 8#.$% #..#" 8#.(. #..!$ 88.@@ #..$! 8%.!" #.!%" 8(.($ #.!(% 8(.!8 #.!&. 8..&( #.@%# 8!."! #.@!% 8@.!@ #."(% 8&.!$ #."&% 8$.&@ #.&(. %8.8& #.&"# %%.8# #.$&% %..$. 8.#(% %@.%8 8.#&. %".!( 8.8%# %&..! 8.%(% (8.%$ 8.%&% (%.!@ 8.((. ((.&& 8."(% .(.$$ 8."&% .!.%@

Return to *nglish Units +nside Cross ft#.###.(. #.###@#& #.###"." #.###&&8 #.##8##& #.###$#( #.##88.$ #.##8((@ #.##8!8! #.##8!.. #.##8&@# #.##%#$" #.##%(8$ #.##%$%% #.##(((! #.##("$. #.##.8%& #.##!%@# #.##!&#$ #.##@.#$ #.##@&.% #.##&%"& #.##&$@. #.##$"#@ #.#8@(@% #.#8"(%# ectional Area m- $ ./0 #..#(# #.!@!( #.@$(" #.&8&$ #.$(@$ #.&($. 8.#@"! 8.%.8@ 8..#"( 8..(.8 8."%&% 8.$."& %.8!.# %."8!8 (.#$&@ (.!%.. (.&(!( ..&&@( !.($@@ !.$!.8 @.(!@8 ".@$#$ &.(%"$ $.#8"8 8!.%##( 8@.#$#@

Return to ;etric Units

!'&

8!.&&

('.

8$.#!

%!..

8 8'.

(8."!

8 8'%

(&.8

!#.&

Liquid Densit1 Calculation (or)sheet

Return to *nglish Units Return to ;etric Units

8. 1or pure fluids+ chec: the table below /f your fluid is not listed+ consult one of many good source in print or online. %. 1or mixtures+ use a weighted average of the liquid densities of each component mix - xi i Mass 1ractions 0iquid Densities Aeighted Densities #.% @% 8%.. #.8 $! $.! #.( !! 8@.! #.! !& %$ # # @".. =stimated Mixture Density

Vapor Densit1 Calculation (or)sheet

Return to *nglish Units Return to ;etric Units

8. 1or pure vapor below 8# bar or 8!# psi+ employ the ideal gas law =nglish Bnits vap ) 3MA4 2, Metric Bnits vap ) 3MA4 2, 8.& bar &! g mol or :g ' m( mol D 0 bar %!.! psia &! lb lb-mole lb-mole ?2 88 ft( psia

#.&#& lb ' ft(

%!# ?2 6 ?2 - ?1 C .!$." %!# ?1 -

"#$."

#.#&

8!.((@ g ' 0

8%# D 6 D - ?; C %"(.8! (## ?; -

!"(.8!

%. 1or pure vapors above 8# bar or 8!# psi+ employ the 2edlic:-Dwong relationship to calculate the compressibility F( - F% C 3A-B-B%4 F - AB - # where A - #..%"& )r and B - #.#&@@. )r ,r%.! ,r ,r - , ' ,c )r - ) ' )c 1ookup )hart for )ritical Temperatures and ,ressures =nglish Bnits ,c - .!!.(@ ?1 )c ,r "(..& psia 8.8!&#" ?2

Eperating ,emperature Eperating )ressure )r B#.8(@#$8 psia #.#8#8&%

@## ?1 8## psia

A - #.#.#(.# FGGG

<olver ;ell 3set equal to Hero4 #.#8# +f 1ou ha2e ol2er installed3 press 4Ctrl5s4 to sol2e

,hen+ compressibility can be added to the gas equation for improved accuracy vap ) 3MA4 2,F 8## psia &! lb lb-mole lb-mole ?2 88 ft( psia

8#!$." ?2

#.$&#

#."@( lb ' ft(

1ookup )hart for )ritical Temperatures and ,ressures Metric Bnits ,c %(!.% ?; Eperating ,emperature %## ?; )c !#.@ bara Eperating )ressure )r B#.($!%!" bara #.#(@"$( %# bara

,r - #.$(#"!@ D A - #.%#%(8@ F-

<olver ;ell 3set equal to Hero4 GGG -#.#(% +f 1ou ha2e ol2er installed3 press 4Ctrl5d4 to sol2e

,hen+ compressibility can be added to the gas equation for improved accuracy Metric Bnits vap ) 3MA4 2,F %# bar &! g mol or :g ' m( mol D 0 bar

#.#&

."(.8! D

#."%$

!$.( g ' 0

(. 1or vapor mixtures where the density is not :nown consult the following online calculation which utiliHes )eng-2obinson http:!!www.2uestconsult.com!<0rm!thermot.html /f one or more of your components are not available in the component list at this site+ you may have to utiliHe another =E< along with DayIs method and generaliHed compressibility charts.

Liquid urface !ension Calculation (or)sheet


8. 1or pure liquids+ chec: the following source of online data http:!!www.cheric.org!kdb!index.html http:!!gpengineeringsoft.com!pages!products.html

Return to *nglish Units Return to ;etric Units

3Download )hys)rops4

/f you still cannot find the data that you need+ email support at support=cheresources.com and request the following parameters for your chemical A8(%.@". Default data is Con2ersion ,c @.".8( D for water !. ?; n#.$!! 8## ?1 ,hen enter the temperature of your system %$&.8! D

(%" D (88 D

<urface ,ension "(.!@ dynes'cm 6lease refer to 4Chemical 6roperties "andboo)43 pa%e -.7 with 1our request* %. /f your system is a mixture of organic compounds and does not contains water+ employ the following to estimate the surface tension for the mixture

m8'. where

0m (3xi i8'.4 ' 0i4

m 0m xi -

surface tension of the mixture 3dynes'cm4


(

Densit1 Con2ersion: !&.! lb'ft( #.$("#& g'cm(

liquid density of the mixture 3g'cm 4 mole fraction for each component i surface tension of each component 3dynes'cm4 0i liquid density for each component 3g'cm(4 =nter the data below+ employing the units described above ;omponents ;omponent <urface ,ensions Mole 1ractions 8 BenHene #.!"" %&.%( % Diethyl =ther #..%( 8@.." ( . ! @ =nter the mixture liquid density (3x8 88'.4 ' 084 (3x% %8'.4 ' 0%4 (3x( (8'.4 ' 0(4 (3x. .8'.4 ' 0.4 (3x! !8'.4 ' 0!4 (3x@ @8'.4 ' 0@4 #."$$@ g'cm(

;omponent 0iquid Densities #.&"%% #."#@$

8.!%.&$ 8.%#!." # # # #

m -

%%."% dynes'cm

!his method is best for mi$tures that are soluble in one another* +t assumes that the surface of the liquid will act li)e the bul) of

%."(#(!

the liquid*

(. /f your system contains water and one other component+ request a surface tension estimate from support or reference the following "Properties of Gases and Liquids" by 2eid+ et. Al+ page @.& support=cheresources.com .. /f your system contains water and multiple other components+ consult a process simulator or a :nown reliable model for your fluid. ,hese types of systems are best suited to experimentation.

Return to *nglish Units

Liquid Viscosit1 Calculation (or)sheet


8. 1or pure fluids+ loo:up the constant values on the them into the following calculation Table below and enter

Return to ;etric Units

Con2ersion <ystem ,emperature ("( D 8## ?; ;onstant B @!&.%( 8## ?1 ;onstant ; %&(.8@ Default constants are for water 3B-@!&.%!+ ;-%&(.8@4 0iquid Viscosity #.%"! c) !his method is best for saturated liquids*

("( D (88 D

/f your liquid is not shown in the list below+ consult the following online source http:!!www.cheric.org!kdb!index.html %. 1or liquid mixtures+ there has been much experimental wor: performed and the error level for most of these correlations does not Justify the complexity of their use for a property that can be easily measured. /f measurements are not available+ utiliHe the following estimate for the properties of the mixture !his method assume that the components are soluble in one another* 0* mix x8 0* 8 C x% 0* % C ... Mole 1raction in )rocess <tream #.@ #.. Viscosity of ;omponent at <ystem )ressure 3c)4 #.@#& #.!!&

;omponent 8 BenHene % ,oluene ( . ! @ x8 0* 384 x% 0* 3%4 x( 0* 3(4 x. 0* 3.4 x! 0* 3!4 x@ 0* 3@4 -

-#.%$&!! -#.%(((@ # # # # -#.!(8$8

mix -

#.!&" c)

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