Newton's Three Laws of Motion

Newton's 1st law of motion or Law of Inertia states that: The law of inertia states that a body
at rest will remain at rest and a body in motion in a straight line will remain in motion unless acted
upon by a net force. This is the Newton's first law of motion.

Newton's 2nd law of motion or law of acceleration states that. The acceleration produced by a
net force on a body is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force and inversely
proportional to the mass of the body. F = ma

Newton's 3rd Law of motion or law of Interaction states that: In

every action, there is an equal but opposite reaction.

Concepts;
• Friction F1 is the force that opposes motion. This force is parallel to the surfaces that are in
contact. The coefficient of friction is the ratio of the frictional force and the normal force, if is
less than 1 and no unit.

Problem Solving - Newton's Laws and Work:

1 A 50 kg snow sled has just begun descending a 25° slope Assuming the coefficient of friction is
0.10; calculate its (a.) acceleration, (b.) the friction force, (c) The Work Total when it moves a
distance of 2 m.

2. Suppose a 60 kg box is pulled by a 350 N force at an angle of 28° to the horizontal. The
coefficient of friction is 0.40. Find the acceleration of the box, the Friction Force, The Work Total
when it moves a distance of 5 m.
3. A crate of mass 51 kg is resting on a plane inclined 28.0° above the horizontal. Find the
components of the weight
4. A 25 kg box is pulled by a 170 N force at an angle of 24° to the horizontal. If it is accelerating at
0. 9 m/s2, calculate the friction and the coefficient of friction? Find the Work Total when it
travels a
distance of 3 m.
5. A10 g bottle cap rests on a plane tilted at an angle 28.0° to the horizontal, with µ=0.15

a. Determine the acceleration of the bottle cap as it slides down the plane.
b. What will be the Work Total on the bottle cap?
6. A 10.60-kg carton is released on a 30.0° incline and accelerates down the incline at 0.330 m/s 2.
Find the friction force impeding its motion. How large is the coefficient of kinetic friction? Find
the Work Total after traveling a distance of 4m?
7. Sky the Gifted Guinea Pig, has a mass of 25.0 kg? slides down the barn's ramp. If the ramp
makes an angle of 35.0° with the horizontal, what is the normal force between Sky and the
ramp? What is Sky’s acceleration if Μ=0. 11 ? Find the Work Total after traveling a distance of
4m?
8. An 18.0-kg box is released on a 32.0° incline and accelerates down the incline at 0.30 m/s 2. Find
the friction force impeding its motion. How large is the coefficient of kinetic friction? Find the
Work Total after traveling a distance of 6m?
9. A crate weighing 562 N is resting on a plane inclined 30.0° above the horizontal Find the
components of the weight forces that are parallel and perpendicular to the plane. Find the Work
Total after traveling a distance of 7m?
10. Jacko Miguel, who has a mass of 51 .0 kg, slides down the banister at his grandparents’
house. If the banister makes an angle of 35.0° with the horizontal what is the normal force
between Jacko Miguel and the banister?
11. A 30 kg wagon is pulled along the level ground by a rope inclined at 35° above the
horizontal. A friction force of 40 N opposes the motion. How large is the pulling force if the
wagon is moving with a) constant speed? B) Acceleration of 0.35 m/s2?

Projectile:
1. A stone is thrown horizontally at (+) 1 5 m/s from the top of a cliff 44 m high, (a.) how long
does the stone take to reach the bottom of the cliff? (b.) How far from the base of the cliff
does the stone strike the ground? (c.) Sketch the trajectory of the stone.
2. A ball is thrown with an initial velocity of 4 .4 7 m/s at an angle of 86° above the horizontal.
Find: (a.) how long it took the ball to land? (b.) how high the ball flew? (c.) what its range
was?
3. A ball is launched into the air at an angle of 32.0 0 with an initial speed of 1 8. 0 m/s.
Neglecting air resistance, determine how long the ball will be in the air?
4 . A rock is launched from the ground into the air. After 1.40 seconds the rock is observed to
have a speed of 22.0 m/s at an angle +18.0 0 above horizontal. Neglecting air resistance, with
 6. An object is launched from the ground into the air at an angle of 38.0 0 (above the horizon)
towards a vertical brick wall that is 15.0 m horizontally from the launch point If the bail
takes 1.30 seconds to collide with the wall, with what speed was the ball launched?
7. Gazelles: Gazelles are magnificent animals; native to Africa, whose ability to jump is
astounding. If a gazelle leaps at and angle of 30° above the horizontal, and travels a
distance of 4 m, how long was the gazelle in the air?
8. Tennis Champs: Wimbledon champs Venus and Serena Williams are relaxing with a friendly
tennis game. Venus holds her tennis racket horizontally at a height of 1 .5 m above the
ground. She returns an incoming ball at an angle that is 5° below the horizontal, and a
speed of 1 0 m/s.
If Serena runs to the ball and returns it just before it hits the ground, how much,
time did she have to get to the hall? if she ran at half the speed of the ball, what is the
maximum distance she could be from the ball, and still return ft, assuming she can reach
O.8 m from where she stands? With what speed would the ball hit her racket?
9. A ball thrown horizontally at 22.2 m/s from the roof of a building lands 38.0 meters from
the base of the building? What is its height?
10. A shot-putter throws the shot with an initial speed of 1 4 m/s at a 40 degree angle to the
horizontal. Calculate the horizontal distance traveled by the shot if it leaves the athlete's
hand at a height of 2.2 m above the ground?
11 An athlete executing a long jump leaves the ground at a 30 degree angle and travels 7.8
meters. What was the takeoff speed? If this speed were increased by 5 percent, how much
longer would the jump be by?
12. A hunter aims directly at a level target 1 20 m away. If the bullet leaves the gun at a
speed of 250 m/s, by how much will it miss the target? At what angle should the gun be
aimed so the target will be hit?
13. A projectile is fired with an initial speed of 75.2 m/s at an angle of 34.5 above the
horizontal on a long flat firing range. Determine the maximum height reached by the
projectile, the total time in the air, the total horizontal distance covered (the range) and the
velocity of the projectile 1 .5 s after firing.
14. A marble leaves a 0.90-meter high table with an initial horizontal velocity of 3.5 m/s. (a.)
Find the time required for the marble to fall to the ground and the horizontal distance
between the table's edge and the marble's landing location.
15. A foot ball is kicked horizontally off a 18 meter high hill and lands a distance of 35 m from
the edge of the hill, (a.) Find the initial horizontal velocity of the foot ball.
1 6. A soccer bail is kicked with an initial velocity of 20 m/s at an angle of 40° with the
horizontal. Calculate
A. Multiple Choice
1. For projectiles thrown at an angle upward between vertical and horizontal, and considering air
resistance to be negligible, which of the following is true:
I. The horizontal component of the velocity is the same throughout its flight
II. The acceleration decreases as the projectile moves upward.
III. The speed is minimum at the highest point in its trajectory.
IV. The acceleration is zero at the highest point in its trajectory.
V. The velocity Is zero when the projectile is at its maximum height.
a. ) 1 and V c.) Ill and IV e,) all of the above
b. ) II and III d) I and 11 1 f.) none of the above

2. At what part of its trajectory does a projectile have minimum speed?

a. ) the instant it is thrown c . ) at the top of its path
b. ) half-way to the top d.) at the instant it hits the
ground
3. A bullet is fired horizontally with a velocity of 1000.0 m/s. Neglecting air resistance, at the end
of 1.0 s, how far is the bullet from the muzzle?
a. ) 1000.0 m horizontally and 4.90 m vertically c.) 1000.0 m horizontally and 1000.0 m
vertically
b.) 1000.0 m horizontally d..) 1000.0 m

4. Which statement is not true about a projectile fired at an angle other than 90° from the
ground and air resistance is not a factor?

a. ) the initial vertical velocity is equal to the final vertical velocity, but in the opposite
direction
b. ) the maximum range occurs when fired at a 45° angle
c.) at the highest point of its trajectory, both horizontal and vertical velocities are
WORK PROBLEMS

1. A worker pushes a 1500 Newton crate with a horizontal force of 345 Newtons a distance of 24.0
meters. Assume the coefficient of kinetic friction between the crate and the floor is 0.220. a.) How
much work is done by the worker on the crate? b.) How much work is done by the floor on the crate?
c.) What is the net work done on the crate?

2. What work is done by a forklift raising a 583 kg box 1.20 m?

3. A 40-kg crate is pushed at constant velocity by a horizontal force up a 30-degree ramp. It moves 8
meters along the ramp and the coefficient of friction is .42. Calculate the work done by the horizontal
force.

4. A 2-kg object is pulled upward at constant speed by a 20-N force for a vertical displacement of 5 m.
a.) Which force does work on the block? b.)What is the magnitude of the work done?

5. Oggles lifts a 1.5-kg book from the lowest shelf in the cabinet to the fourth shelf 2 m higher. What is
the magnitude of the work done by Oggles?

6. A force of 25 N is exerted to move a trolley at a distance of 5.25 m on a level road. How much work
is done if the force is applied : a.) Horizontally? b.) at an angle of 30 degrees with the horizontal? c.) at
an angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal?

7. Calculate the work done by a 2-N force (directed 30 degrees with the vertical) to move a 500-gram
box a horizontal distance of 400 cm across a rough floor at a constant speed of 0.5 m/s.

8. A cube with a mass of 2.5 kg slides down from the top of a frictionless ramp 1.5 m high. The ramp is
32.6 degrees with respect to the horizontal. What is the work done by the cube by virtue of its weight
when it reaches the bottom of the ramp?

9. A factory worker pushes a 50-kg crate downward along an inclined plane (inclined 30 degrees). The
coefficient of kinetic friction between the crate and the inclined plane is 0.25 a.) What magnitude of
force will cause it to move with a constant speed? b.) How much work is done on the crate by this force
if the crate makes a displacement of 8 m.? c.) How much work is done on the crate by friction, the
normal force and its weight?

10. A 2.30 kg mass is pushed up by a 35-N force to the top of a frictionless ramp 2 m high. The ramp is
inclined 33 degrees with the horizontal. a.) What is the work done by the force? b.) If the cube is
allowed to slide down the ramp, what is the work done by its weight?

11. A 10.0-kg crate is pulled up a rough 20 degree incline by a 100-N force parallel to the incline. The
initial speed of the crate is 1.5 m/s, and the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.40. The crate is pulled a
distance of 5.00m. Determine the work done by the: a.) Gravitational force b.) 100-N force.

12. A 3x10^2 kg piano is being lifted at a steady speed from ground level straight up to an apartment
10m above ground. The crane that is doing the lifting produces a steady power of 4x10^2 W. How
much time does it take to lift the piano?

May the Force be with you,

Mailah Demonteverde