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Characteristics
History
The history of the application of computers to education is filled with generic terms such as computer-based instruction (CBI), computer-assisted instruction (CAI), and computer-assisted learning (CAL), generally describing drill-and-practice programs, more sophisticated tutorials, and more individualized instruction, respectively. LMS has its history in another term, integrated learning system (ILS) which offers additional functionality beyond instructional content such as management and tracking, more personalized instruction, and integration across the system . The term ILS was originally coined by Jostens Learning, and LMS was originally used to describe the management system part of the PLATO K-12 learning system, content-free and separate from the courseware. The term LMS is currently used to describe a number of different educational computer applications.
Purpose
The key to understanding the difference between LMS and other computer education terms is to understand the systemic nature of LMS. LMS is the framework that handles all aspects of the learning process. An LMS is the infrastructure that delivers and manages instructional content, identifies and assesses individual and organizational learning or training goals, tracks the progress towards meeting those goals, and collects and presents data for supervising the learning process of organization as a whole. An LMS delivers content but also handles registering for courses, course administration, skills gap analysis, tracking, and reporting. Most LMSs are Web-based to facilitate access to learning content and administration. They are also used by educational institutions to enhance and support classroom teaching and offering courses to a larger population of learners. LMSs are used by regulated industries (e.g. financial services and biopharma) for compliance training. Student self-service (e.g., self-registration on instructor-led training), training workflow (e.g., user notification, manager approval, wait-list management), the provision of on-line learning (e.g., computer-based training, read & understand), on-line assessment, management of continuous professional education (CPE), collaborative learning (e.g., application sharing, discussion threads), and training resource management (e.g., instructors, facilities, equipment), are all important dimensions of Learning Management Systems. Some LMS providers include "performance management systems", which encompass employee appraisals, competency management, skills-gap analysis, succession planning, and multi-rater assessments (i.e., 360 degree reviews). Modern techniques now employ competency-based learning to discover learning gaps and guide training material selection. For the commercial market, some Learning and Performance Management Systems include recruitment and reward functionality. A robust LMS should be able to do the following: centralize and automate administration use self-service and self-guided services
Learning management system assemble and deliver learning content rapidly consolidate training initiatives on a scalable web-based platform support portability and standards personalize content and enable knowledge reuse
Learning management system Template-driven, Collaborative Content Development Facilitated Content Management (i.e., indexing and reuse) Publishing Workflow Integration Automated Interface with an LM
Technical aspects
Most LMSs are Web-based, built using a variety of development platforms, like Java/J2EE, Microsoft .NET or PHP. They usually employ the use of a database like MySQL, Microsoft SQL Server or Oracle as back-end. Although most of the systems are commercially developed and have commercial software licenses there are several systems that have an open-source license.
References Bibliography
Expertus; TrainingOutsourcing (August 30, 2006), Survey 1: Channel Partner Training (http://www. trainingindustry.com/uploadedFiles/Our_Community/List_of_Sponsors/Elite_Sponsors/Expertus- Channel Partner Training Survey Results.pdf), Training Challenges Survey Series, conducted by Expertus and TrainingOutsourcing.com Levensaler, Leighanne; Laurano, Madeline (2009), Talent Management Systems 2010 (http://www.bersin.com/ Lib/Rs/Details.aspx?Docid=103311599), Bersin & Associates
External links
Free Software Directory: Education (Free Software Foundation) (http://directory.fsf.org/category/educ/)
License
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 //creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/