Chapter 23 (# 4, 8, 9, 16, 17, 35, 84)

4. In Fig. 23-28, a butterf ! net i" in a unif#r$ e e%tri% fie & #f $agnitu&e E ' 3.( $)*C. +he ri$, a %ir% e #f ra&iu" a ' 11%$, i" a igne& perpen&i%u ar t# the fie &. +he net %#ntain" n# net %harge. Fin& the e e%tri% f u, thr#ugh the netting. 4. The flux through the flat surface encircled by the rim is given by = a 2 E. Thus, the flux through the netting is = = a 2 E = (0.11 m) 2 (3.0 103 !") = 1.1104 m 2 !" .

8. -hen a "h#.er i" turne& #n in a % #"e& bathr##$, the "p a"hing #f .ater #n the bare tub %an fi the r##$/" air .ith negati0e ! %harge& i#n" an& pr#&u%e an e e%tri% fie & in the air a" great a" 1((( )*C. C#n"i&er a bathr##$ .ith &i$en"i#n" 2.5 $ 1 3.( $ 1 2.( $. 2 #ng the %ei ing, f ##r, an& f#ur .a ", appr#,i$ate the e e%tri% fie & in the air a" being &ire%te& perpen&i%u ar t# the "urfa%e an& a" ha0ing a unif#r$ $agnitu&e #f 6(( )*C. 2 "#, treat th#"e "urfa%e" a" f#r$ing a % #"e& 3au""ian "urfa%e ar#un& the r##$/" air. -hat are (a) the 0# u$e %harge &en"it! an& (b) the nu$ber #f e,%e"" e e$entar! %harge" e per %ubi% $eter in the r##$/" air4 #. (a) The total surface area bounding the bathroom is A = 2 ( 2.$ 3.0 ) + 2 ( 3.0 2.0 ) + 2 ( 2.0 2.$ ) = 3% m 2 . The absolute value of the total electric flux, &ith the assum'tions stated in the 'roblem, is r r r ( (=( E A (=( E ( A = ()00)(3%) = 22 103 m 2 ! ".

*y +auss, la&, &e conclude that the enclosed charge (in absolute value) is ( qenc (= 0 ( (= 2.0 10 % ". Therefore, &ith volume V - 1$ m3, and recogni.ing that &e are dealing &ith negative charges (see 'roblem), the charge density is qenc!V - /1.3 10/# "!m3. (b) 0e find ((qenc(!e)!V - (2.0 10/%!1.) 10/11)!1$ - #.2 1010 excess electrons 'er cubic meter.

1)3

11)

CHAPTER 23

9. It i" f#un& e,peri$enta ! that the e e%tri% fie & in a %ertain regi#n #f 5arth/" at$#"phere i" &ire%te& 0erti%a ! &#.n. 2t an a titu&e #f 3(( $ the fie & ha" $agnitu&e 6(.( )*C6 at an a titu&e #f 2(( $, the $agnitu&e i" 1(( )*C. Fin& the net a$#unt #f %harge %#ntaine& in a %ube 1(( $ #n e&ge, .ith h#ri7#nta fa%e" at a titu&e" #f 2(( an& 3(( $. 1. 2et A be the area of one face of the cube, Eu be the magnitude of the electric field at the u''er face, and El be the magnitude of the field at the lo&er face. 3ince the field is do&n&ard, the flux through the u''er face is negative and the flux through the lo&er face is 'ositive. The flux through the other faces is .ero, so the total flux through the cube surface is = A( El Eu ). The net charge inside the cube is given by +auss, la&4 q = 0 = 0 A( El Eu ) = (#.#$ 1012 "2 ! = 3.$4 10) " = 3.$4 ". 16. +he e e%tri% fie & 8u"t ab#0e the "urfa%e #f the %harge& &ru$ #f a ph#t#%#p!ing $a%hine ha" a $agnitu&e E #f 2.3 1 1(5 )*C. -hat i" the "urfa%e %harge &en"it! #n the &ru$, a""u$ing the &ru$ i" a %#n&u%t#r4 1). 5sing 67. 23811, the surface charge density is m 2 )(100 m) 2 (100 !" )0.0 !")

= E 0 = ( 2.3 10$

" #.#$ 10 12" 2 !

)(

m 2 = 2.0 10 ) "!m 2 .

17. 9pa%e 0ehi% e" tra0e ing thr#ugh 5arth/" ra&iati#n be t" %an inter%ept a "ignifi%ant nu$ber #f e e%tr#n". +he re"u ting %harge bui &up %an &a$age e e%tr#ni% %#$p#nent" an& &i"rupt #perati#n". 9upp#"e a "pheri%a $eta "ate ite 1.3 $ in &ia$eter a%%u$u ate" 2.4 :C #f %harge in #ne #rbita re0# uti#n. (a) Fin& the re"u ting "urfa%e %harge &en"it!. (b) Ca %u ate the $agnitu&e #f the e e%tri% fie & 8u"t #ut"i&e the "urfa%e #f the "ate ite, &ue t# the "urfa%e %harge. 1%. (a) The area of a s'here may be &ritten 4R2- D2. Thus,

=
(b) 67. 23811 gives E=

q 2.4 10) " = = 4.$ 10% "!m 2 . 2 2 D ( 1.3 m )

4.$ 10% "!m 2 = = $.1104 0 #.#$ 1012 "2 ! .m 2

!".

11% 35. In Fig. 23-41, t.# arge, thin $eta p ate" are para e an& % #"e t# ea%h #ther. ;n their inner fa%e", the p ate" ha0e e,%e"" "urfa%e %harge &en"itie" #f #pp#"ite "ign" an& $agnitu&e 7.(( 1 1(-22 C*$2. In unit-0e%t#r n#tati#n, .hat i" the e e%tri% fie & at p#int" (a) t# the eft #f the p ate", (b) t# the right #f the$, an& (%) bet.een the$4 3$. 0e use 67. 23813. (a) To the left of the 'lates4 r 9 (from the left one) - 0. E = ( ! 2 0 ) ( 9 i) (from the right 'late) + ( ! 2 0 )i (b) To the right of the 'lates4 r E = ( ! 2 0 ) 9 i (from the right 'late) + ( ! 2 0 ) ( 9 i) (from the left one) - 0. (c) *et&een the 'lates4 22 2 r %.00 10 "!m 9 9 9 9 E = i = %.1110 11 ( i) + i = ( i) = 2 #.#$ 1012 m 2 0 2 0 0 "2

( )

!" 9 i.

84. Figure 23-57 "h#." a 3eiger %#unter, a &e0i%e u"e& t# &ete%t i#ni7ing ra&iati#n (ra&iati#n that %au"e" i#ni7ati#n #f at#$"). +he %#unter %#n"i"t" #f a thin, p#"iti0e ! %harge& %entra .ire "urr#un&e& b! a %#n%entri%, %ir%u ar, %#n&u%ting %! in&ri%a "he .ith an e<ua negati0e %harge. +hu", a "tr#ng ra&ia e e%tri% fie & i" "et up in"i&e the "he . +he "he %#ntain" a #.-pre""ure inert ga". 2 parti% e #f ra&iati#n entering the &e0i%e thr#ugh the "he .a i#ni7e" a fe. #f the ga" at#$". +he re"u ting free e e%tr#n" (e) are &ra.n t# the p#"iti0e .ire. =#.e0er, the e e%tri% fie & i" "# inten"e that, bet.een %# i"i#n" .ith ga" at#$", the free e e%tr#n" gain energ! "uffi%ient t# i#ni7e the"e at#$" a "#. >#re free e e%tr#n" are thereb! %reate&, an& the pr#%e"" i" repeate& unti the e e%tr#n" rea%h the .ire. +he re"u ting ?a0a an%he@ #f e e%tr#n" i" %# e%te& b! the .ire, generating a "igna that i" u"e& t# re%#r& the pa""age #f the #rigina parti% e #f ra&iati#n. 9upp#"e that the ra&iu" #f the %entra .ire i" 25 :$, the inner ra&iu" #f the "he 1.4 %$, an& the ength #f the "he 16 %$. If the e e%tri% fie & at the "he /" inner .a i" 2.9 1 1(4 )*C, .hat i" the t#ta p#"iti0e %harge #n the %entra .ire4 #4. The electric field is radially out&ard from the central &ire. 0e &ant to find its magnitude in the region bet&een the &ire and the cylinder as a function of the distance r from the &ire. 3ince the magnitude of the field at the cylinder &all is :no&n, &e ta:e the +aussian surface to coincide &ith the &all. Thus, the +aussian surface is a cylinder &ith radius R and length L, coaxial &ith the &ire. ;nly the charge on the &ire is actually enclosed by the +aussian surface< &e denote it by q. The area of the +aussian surface is

11#

CHAPTER 23

2RL, and the flux through it is = 2 RLE. 0e assume there is no flux through the ends of the cylinder, so this is the total flux. +auss, la& yields q - 20RLE. Thus, q = 2 #.#$ 1012 "2 (0.014 m)(0.1) m) (2.1 104 2 m !") = 3.) 101 ".