UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI

PROJECT ON
PESTLE AND DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF FINLAND
MASTER OF COMMERCE (BUSINESS MANAGEMENT)
SUBJECT: INTERNATIONAL MARKETING
SEMESTER III
2013-14
In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement under Semester Based Credit
And Grading System for Post Graduates (PG)
Program me under Faculty of Commerce
SUBMITTED BY
RAJESHREE N. PATEL
ROLL NO: 41
PROJECT GUIDE
Ms. Shradha Jain
K.P.B. Hinduja Collage Of Commerce, 315 New Charni Road,
Mumbai 400004.

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M.COM (BUSINESS MANEGEMENT)

III rd SEMESTER
PESTLE AND DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF FINLAND

SUBMITTED BY
RAJESHREE N. PATEL
ROLL NO: 41

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CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Ms. Rajeshree Patel of M. Com. Business Management Semester 3rd
[2013-2014] has successfully completed the project on PESTLE AND DEMOGRAPHIC
ANALYSIS OF FINLAND

Project Guide

________________________________
________________________________

Course Coordinator
________________________________
Internal Examiner
________________________________
External Examiner
________________________________
Principal
Date: ____________
Place: Mumbai

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DECLARATION
I Ms. Rajeshree Patel the student of M.Com (Business Management) 3rd Semester (2013-2014),
hereby declare that I have complete the project on PESTLE AND DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS
OF FINLAND
The information submitted is true and original to the best of my knowledge.

Rajeshree N. Patel
(Signature)

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I owe a great many thanks to a great many people who helped and supported me. My deepest
thanks to Lecturer, MS. Shradha Jain, the Guide of the project for guiding and correcting various
documents of mine with attention and care. He has taken pain to go through the project and make
necessary correction as and when needed.

I would also like to thank my Institution and my faculty members without whom this
project would have been a distant reality. I also extend my heartfelt thanks to my brother
and to all my well wishers for their help and care.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Sr. No

1.
2.

Table Of Content
HISTORY OF FINLAND
FINLAND PESTLE ANALYSIS
DEMOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS OF FINLAND

3.
INDIA FINLAND BUSINESS NEWS
4.
FINLAND INDIA ACTION PLAN
5.
COMPARISION BETWEEN INDIA AND FINLAND
6.
7.
8.
9.

COMPARISION OF DEMOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS

CONCLUSION
BIBLOGRAPHY

Pages

7-8
9-17
18-24
25-26
27-29
30-34
35-36
37
38

HISTORY OF FINLAND
Finland is three times the size of Ohio. It is heavily forested and contains thousands of lakes,
numerous rivers, and extensive areas of marshland. Except for a small highland region in the
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extreme northwest, the country is a lowland less than 600 ft (180 m) above sea level. Off the
southwest coast are the Swedish-populated land Islands (581 sq mi; 1,505 sq km), which have
had an autonomous status since 1921.

The first inhabitants of Finland were the Sami (Lapp) people. When Finnish speakers migrated to
Finland in the first millennium B.C., the Sami were forced to move northward to the arctic
regions, with which they are traditionally associated. The Finns' repeated raids on the
Scandinavian coast impelled Eric IX, the Swedish king, to conquer the country in 1157. It was
made a part of the Swedish kingdom and converted to Christianity.
By 1809 the whole of Finland was conquered by Alexander I of Russia, who set up Finland as a
grand duchy. The period of Russification (18091914) sapped Finnish political power and made
Russian the country's official language. When Russia became engulfed by the March Revolution
of 1917, Finland seized the opportunity to declare independence on Dec. 6, 1917.
The USSR attacked Finland on Nov. 30, 1939, after Finland refused to give in to Soviet
territorial demands. The Finns staged a strong defense for three months before being forced to
cede to the Soviets 16,000 sq mi (41,440 sq km). Under German pressure, the Finns joined the
Nazis against Russia in 1941, but they were defeated again and forced to cede the Petsamo area
to the USSR. In 1948, a treaty of friendship and mutual assistance was signed by the two nations.
Finland continued to pursue a foreign policy of nonalignment throughout the cold-war era.
Running on a platform to revitalize the economy, Martti Ahtisaari, a Social Democrat, won the
country's first direct presidential election in a runoff in Feb. 1994. Previously, presidents had
been chosen by electors. Finland became a member of the European Union in Jan. 1995. On Jan.
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1, 1999, Finland, along with ten other European countries, adopted the euro as its currency. In
2000, Tarja Halonen, who had been Finland's foreign minister, became its first woman president.
Finland Becomes First European Country to Have Female President and Prime Minister
Since 1998, Finland has been judged to be the world's least corrupt country, according to the
annual survey by the Berlin-based organization Transparency International. In April 2003,
Finland appointed its first female prime minister, making it the only country in Europe with both
a female president and prime minister. But Prime Minister Jaatteenmaki resigned after only two
months in office when it was revealed that she had used leaked classified information against her
rival in the election (she was acquitted of the charges the following year). In June, Defense
Minister Matti Vanhanen was selected by parliament to replace her. In Jan. 2006, President
Halonen was reelected. Vanhanen's Centre Party narrowly won parliamentary elections in March
2007, and he was reelected to a second term

FINLAND PESTLE ANALYSIS

We could never choose the place we born but we could always dream the place we live which a
place that we all are aspire to. As the reason, Newsweek a second largest news weekly
magazine in America has study a special issue for the purpose of the best countries in the world
to fulfill the need of the world audience
Therefore, where is the place that people are aspiring to? The answer is base on a country that
provide many factors to ensure the national well being which people are healthy, educated, have
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a high quality living condition, nation are enjoy the economic competitive and also a stable
political environment. All these 5 categories are the measurable of the best country of the world
that set out by the Newsweek magazine and also had been study across 100 nations in the world.
So, it means that it was an applicable data that represent all to conclude one country as the place
that every people are looking for and every nation should be learning for.

P.E.S.T.E.L ANALYSIS ---- FINLAND

By using PESTEL analysis, we will able to realized and find out the opportunity and threat lie in
the Finland. PESTEL is a useful and orientation tool for us to enlarge the big picture of the
environment in Finland. Therefore, we are able to understand the sustainability, potential and
prospect, risk and threats, challenges of Finland.
Political Factor
Finland is a parliamentary republic country and conducts a semi-presidential parliamentary
system. Every resident has their right to vote in municipal election and in the European Union
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election. Finland has a central government based in Helsinki. Besides that, it has local
governments locate in 342 municipalities.
Finlands president Martti Ahtisaari was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2008. It had proved
that Finland is a cooperative model state. The award is strengthening Finlands image and
reputation of their stability political system. Moreover, it has builds a strong confidence to all the
foreign investors and motivate them to invest in Finland. The award will bring long run
profitability to Finland as well.
Political risk comprises the stability of the government and stability, the effectiveness if the
government economy policies, the efficiency of the government bureaucracy and
appropriateness, the effectiveness international relationship, and the reliability and integrity of
legal system.

In a research conduct by A.M. Best Company (2009), it had show that the political risk in
Finland is very low. There is because The European Central Bank had cut down the interest rates
to Finland. The purpose of this action is to spur the economy activities and raise the demand in
Finland. Besides that, the Finnish government is conducting fiscal policy in same time. By this
way, Finland will able to afford this level of economy stimulus and avoid of large deficits. This
is very important for a country to lower down their political risk. This is because an
inefficiencies government, inadequate legal system, societal tensions or international tensions
will cause adversely developments for a country.

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Economic Factor
Helsinki is the central government in Finland and almost one million of Finns live at there.
Moreover, third of the countrys GDP is produced from there.
Economic risk can be assess by evaluate the weaknesses in a countrys economy. The domestic
economic, government finances, international transaction, prospects for growth and stability of
the country might affect the development of the countrys economy.
Finlands economy is primary supported by manufacturing field including woods, metal and
electronics. Another main economy activity to support Finland economy is Export. Finland has
own high technologies knowledge and produces a lot of high-tech products, especially mobile
phones. It is one of the main high-tech products producers in the world as well.

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Most of the Europe is experiencing economy contraction. Since the global economy has slow
down, the occurrence of negative performance of Finland in the economy fields was affected by
this as well. The demand of Finnish exports have decline and loss of profitability has affect many
of local business and also foreign investors. Most of the economists have expected that the
current recession is considered to be long and sharp.
The economy of Finland is expect to be continuing contract and might not return until 2011.
However, the economic risk of Finland is still low while comparing with other developed
countries.
Social Factor
The social security of Finland is well known in the
world. All of their residents are guarantee with
decent living condition. Finland had one of the
worlds most extensive welfare systems for all of
their residents in the late of 1980s. However, the
social security had been cut back nowadays. It still
consider as the most comprehensive social security in the world.
In the other hand, the health care system provides by Finnish government is one of the most
decentralized and highest level in the world. It is quite closest to all other Nordic countries and
UK. The health care system covers the whole countrys population.
In additional, the health care service are mainly provided by government and the public sector
and all the financed through general taxation. The municipalities will take the responsibility for
arranging and taking all the financial responsibility for whole range of municipal health
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services. Therefore, all the residents in Finland no need worry about their financial problem for
their health services.

The performance of education system in Finland is well and springs directly from education
system as well. Finland government will prepare sustainable funding to ensure free education for
all the students. For example, the government will took care of all the tuition fees, warm school
meals, learning material, textbook, transportation, new equipment and new facilities. Besides
that, all the teachers must qualify a master degree. Finnish government believes that Investment
in people is the best investment and educational is the critical driver of economic growth.
Finnish government is substantially investing a lump sum of money in education and research to
foster innovation and cutting-edge development. Their purpose is to make their country become
more competitiveness.
Technological Factor
Since and Technologic of Finland is very well known and very high level in the world. Finland
can be described as the Europes technologic leader. It moved from playing catch-up to being the
forefront of development in the Technologic field over the past 10 years.
Finland was gave birth of the mobile phone leader, Nokia. It has also emerged as a place where
multinationals like to recruit and erect labs. Nowadays, the government and local entrepreneur
has preparing for the development of clean technology.
The Prime Minister of Finland, Matti Vanhanen (2008), had explained that they cannot compete
with other Asia company with low wages, but they will move faster than them and make the
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possibility to stay a few steps forwards. He has also said that Finland had spent almost 3.5% of
their gross domestic product in the development of R&D. It is to ensure they always be the first
developer and forwarder and be more competitive.
Moreover, Finland maintains a good relationship between public and private funding. Two-third
of the R&D funds in Finland come from private sector and one-third come from the government.
However, there is not existing of states role to determine where the money should go. It has to
be market oriental. Finland has a well management in their development funds and use it widely
in developing their countrys Technology.

Environment Factor
Finland, officially Republic of Finland is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region
of the Northern Europe. Finland is the eighth largest area of country in Europe. However, it is the
most sparsely populated country in the European Union and only around 5.4 million people
reside at there.
Finland is very well known and provides many good examples in protection of nature
environment. High level of technologic skills and wide raging and detail environment data of
Finland is the main reason of their success in protecting nature environment. These had help
Finland in forming their countrys environmental protection policies and be more effective in
functioning.
Finland is the worlds wealthiest industrialized country. Therefore, they have enough funds and
able to afford the costs for vital environmental investment. Finnish government had put in a lot

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of effort in solving pollution problems. Many polluted lakes and rivers had been cleaned up.
Moreover, the air quality around the industrial area had been improved greatly.
In the other hand, the forests in Finland are treating as their most valuable and treasure resource
in their countries. So, they put a lot of effort to sustain the natural resources. As a result, the
overall annual growth rate of the forest had exceeds the total timbers harvest.

However, the greenhouse gas emission had quickly warming up the climate in Finland. The
occurrence of cold winter in southern Finland was becoming a rare phenomenon in Finland as
well. Some of the scenarios have expected that the mean degree in Finland will be increased by 3
to 7 degrees Celsius before 2100s.

Moreover, they also anticipated that the temperature in winter will rise more than in summer.
Finland will have less snow but more rain. Therefore, Finnishs environment administration will
suggest forming a new regulation on requirements for exhaust gases for heavy vehicles, a reform
of requirements from emissions from large combustion plants, and a proposal on national upper
limits for certain emissions.

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Legal Factor
The Constitution in Finland has state that
everyone has the right to have their case
heard by the court or an authority
appropriately without any undue delay.
The Finnish court is divided into two
courts, which are general court and
administrative court.
The general court is mainly deal with civil suits and criminal case. In the other hand, the
administrative court is regulating the actions of the administration and litigations between
individuals and administration. These two courts was divide in 1918s and also be the two highest
courts in the Finland.
Finnish laws has no imposes general restriction on foreign investment. Foreign entities are able
to acquire the shares and assets in Finnish company without any permission and approval from
Finnish authorities.
In the other hand, Finnish will apply Finnish Employment law for all the employment in Finland.
Employment Contract Act has regulate the all the matters between employers and employees. It
wills interpretation of individual employment contracts, claims based on individual contracts, the
rules on the job protection and numbers of basic rights and duties of the parties, such as equal
treatment, transfer of undertaking, family leaves, payment of wages, compensation for
groundless termination and many more.

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DEMOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS OF
FINLAND

This article is about the demographic

features of the population of Finland,
including population density, ethnicity,
education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects
of the population.
Finland numbers some 5.4 million and has an average population density of 17 inhabitants per
square kilometre. This makes it the third most sparsely populated country in Europe, after
Iceland and Norway. Population distribution is very uneven: the population is concentrated on
the small southwestern coastal plain. About 64% live in towns and cities, with one million living
in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area alone. In Arctic Lapland, on the other hand, there are only 2
people to every square kilometer.
The country is ethnically homogeneous, the dominant ethnicity being Finnish people. The
official languages are Finnish and Swedish, the latter being the native language of about five per
cent of the Finnish population.

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With 79 percent of Finns in its congregation, the Lutheran Church is the largest religious group
in the country.The earliest inhabitants of most of the land area that makes up today's Finland and
Scandinavia were in all likehood hunter-gatherers whose closest successors in modern terms
would probably be the Sami people (formerly known as the Lapps).
There are 4,500 of them living in Finland today and they are recognised as a minority and speak
three distinct languages: Northern Sami, Inari Sami and Skolt Sami. They have been living north
of the Arctic Circle for more than 7,000 years now, but today are a 5% minority in their native
Lapland Province. During the late 19th and 20th century there was significant emigration,
particularly from rural areas to Sweden and North America, while most immigrants into Finland
itself come from other European countries.

Families:
The profound demographic and economic changes that occurred in Finland after World War II
affected the Finnish family. Families became smaller, dropping from an average of 3.6 persons
in 1950 to an average of 2.7 by 1975. Family composition did not change much in that quarter of
a century, however, and in 1975 the percentage of families that consisted of a man and a woman
was 24.4; of a couple and children, 61.9; of a woman with offspring, 11.8; of a man and
offspring, 1.9.

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These percentages are not markedly different from those of 1950. Change was seen in the
number of children per family, which fell from an average of 2.24 in 1950 to an average of 1.7 in
the mid-1980s, and large families were rare. Only 2 percent of families had four or more
children, while 51 percent had one child; 38 percent, two children; and 9 percent, three children.
The number of Finns under the age of 18 dropped from 1.5 million in 1960 to 1.2 million in
1980.
Life expectancy at birth
Marriage
Attitudes toward marriage have changed substantially since World War II. Most obvious was the
declining marriage rate, which dropped from 8.5 marriages per 1,000 Finns in 1950 to 5.8, in
1984, a decline great enough to mean a drop also in absolute numbers. In 1950 there were 34,000
marriages, while in 1984 only 28,500 were registered, despite a growth in population of 800,000.
An explanation for the decline was that there was an unprecedented number of unmarried
couples. Since the late 1960s, the practice of cohabitation had become increasingly common, so
much so that by the late 1970s most marriages in urban areas grew out of what Finns called
"open unions." In the 1980s, it was estimated that about 8 percent of couples who lived together,
approximately 200,000 people, did so without benefit of marriage.

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Partners of such unions usually married because of the arrival of offspring or the acquisition of
property. A result of the frequency of cohabitation was that marriages were postponed, and the
average age for marriage, which had been falling, began to rise in the 1970s. By 1982 the
average marriage age was 24.8 years for women and 26.8 years for men, several years higher for
both sexes than had been true a decade earlier.
The overwhelming majority of Finns did marry, however. About 90 percent of the women had
been married by the age of forty, and spinsterhood was rare. A shortage of women in rural
regions, however, meant that some farmers were forced into bachelorhood.
While the number of marriages was declining, divorce became more common, increasing 250
percent between 1950 and 1980. In 1952 there were 3,500 divorces. The 1960s saw a steady
increase in this rate, which averaged about 5,000 divorces a year. A high of 10,191 was reached
in 1979; afterwards the divorce rate stabilized at about 9,500 per year during the first half of the
1980s.
A number of factors caused the increased frequency of divorce. One was that an increasingly
secularized society viewed marriage, more often than before, as an arrangement that could be
ended if it did not satisfy its partners. Another reason was that a gradually expanding welfare
system could manage an ever greater portion of the family's traditional tasks, and it made couples
less dependent on the institution of marriage.

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Government provisions for parental leave, child allowances, child care programs, and much
improved health and pension plans meant that the family was no longer essential for the care of
children and aged relatives. A further cause for weakened family and marital ties was seen in the
unsettling effects of the Great Migration and in the economic transformation Finland experienced
during the 1960s and the 1970s. The rupture of established social patterns brought uncertainty
and an increased potential for conflict into personal relationships.
According to Statistics Finland's statistics on the population structure, the official total
population of Finland at the end of 2012 was 5,426,674, of whom 2,666,622 were men and
2,760,052 women. In the course of 2012, Finlands population grew by 25,407 persons. The
number of people whose native language is a foreign language grew by 22,122, which
represented 87 per cent of the population growth. The number of people whose native language
is Finnish grew by 3,497, those with Swedish as their native language decreased by 242 and the
number of people that speak Sami as their native language grew by 30.
The number of families with at least four underage children has remained quite stable in recent
years and annual changes are small, a few hundred either way. In 2012, the number of families
with at least four children grew by around one hundred families from the year before. The trend
of the number of families with two and three children is falling and the number of families with
one child has remained almost unchanged. At the end of 2012, an average of 1.83 underage
children were living in families with children. The family statistics describe the size of families
in Finland at a given moment and thus do not concern with the eventual number of children in
families.

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According to Statistics Finland, Finnish citizenship was granted in 2012 to 9,090 foreign citizens
permanently resident in Finland. This is the highest figure during Finland's independence and as
much as 4,530 higher than in 2011. Ninety-four per cent of those having been granted Finnish
citizenship retained their former citizenship. Of the persons receiving Finnish citizenship, 4,970
were women and 4,120 men. Among the persons having been granted Finnish citizenship, 2,510
were aged 14 or under and 170 were aged 65 or over.
Next release:
According to Statistics Finland's
preliminary

data,

Finland's

population at the end of August

was 5,442,322. Over the January to
August

period,

Finland's

population increased by 15,650

persons, which is 1,150 persons
less than in the corresponding
period of the year before. The main reason for the population increase was migration gain from
abroad: the number of immigrants was 10,750 higher than that of emigrants. Natural population
growth, or excess of births to deaths, was 4,900 persons.

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According to Statistics Finland, 31,280 persons immigrated to Finland from foreign countries
during 2012. The number is 1,800 higher than in the previous year and the highest during
Finland's independence. Emigration from Finland also increased slightly and was 13,850
persons. During 2012, net immigration totalled 17,430 persons, which is 610 up on the year
before. Net immigration by foreign citizens increased clearly, or by 2,030 persons.
The number of deaths in 2012 was 51,710, which figure was last higher than this in the 1920s if
the war years are not taken into account. The number of deaths was 1,120 higher in 2012 than in
2011. The number of deaths increased by 290 among men and by 830 among women. The
number of deaths among women was last higher than this twenty years ago. If the war years are
not taken into consideration, the number of deaths among men was last higher than this in 1929.

INDIA FINLAND BUSINESS NEWS

HELSINKI: Keen to expand its trade relations with India, Finland will send its Foreign Trade
Minister to the country to explore business opportunities to further boost bilateral ties with its
fourth largest trading partner in Asia. "India has multitude of business opportunities to offer to
Finland," Alexander Stubb, the Foreign Trade and European Affairs Minister, told PTI.

Stubb will be travelling to India with a business delegation in October and he will visit New
Delhi and Mumbai."Trade has grown vigorously in the 21st century but remains modest in the
light of the potential volumes. About 120 Finnish companies have established operations in India
and about 100 trade with Indian businesses through local arrangements," he said, adding that
about 24 Indian companies have established operations in Finland.
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"We hope to have many more (Indian companies)," he said. During the last decade trade between
the two countries increased significantly making India Finland's fourth largest trading partner in
Asia. The main Finnish exports to India comprise electrical machinery along with machinery for
special industries, and paper products. The Finnish imports from India principally include textile
products, clothing and machinery instruments.

"We have planned the focus being on the following sectors: Energy, Environment, Cleantech
(Clean Industrial Products), Life Sciences (Diagnostics and Medical Equipment) and ICT but we
shall see what will be the final composition of the delegation," Stubb said.
Talking about the much discussed India-EU Free Trade Agreement (FTA), Stubb said, "We are
very much in favour of concluding an FTA with India as soon as possible. However, in order to
satisfy the expectations of our companies active in the Indian market, the level of ambition of the
agreement needs to be sufficiently high."
"The agreement would bring substantial benefits to both parties, in terms of a stable investment
environment, lower tariffs for goods and better market access for key services sectors. Having an
agreement in place would also be helpful in the elimination of trade barriers," he added.

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FINLANDS INDIA ACTION PLAN

INDIA HAS NEVER BEEN SO CLOSE
Finlands new India Action Plan strives to expand cooperation in various sectors and encourages
companies to take advantage of Indias growing business opportunities. Indias international role
has become stronger and the country has enormous economic potential.
Aladiyan

Manickam,

Indias

Ambassador based in Helsinki, at

present sees the greatest potential for
cooperation

in

environmental

technology. Photo: Eero Kuosmanen

Relations between Finland and India have diversified considerably in the past decade. Finland's
new India Action Plan charts cooperation in various sectors and sets goals for its expansion in
future. At the same time, there is the wish to encourage Finnish companies to capitalise on
Indias growing business opportunities.
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According to Foreign Minister Erkki Tuomioja, who presented the action plan, Finland and India
have never before been so close to each other. Finnairs direct flight to Delhi takes only 6.5
hours and has meant appreciable increases both in tourism and in contacts of all sorts.

In 2011, India rose to become Finlands third largest trading partner in Asia, after China and
Japan. Last year, however, saw a slump in trade. The importance of India to Finland is many
times greater than trade statistics when one considers the trade in services between the two
countries, investments from Finland to India as well as Finnish companies production
operations situated in India. In addition, Finnish companies operating in India engage in trade
with third countries.
Although the level of trade is still modest in relation to its potential, 120 Finnish companies
already operate in India and another 100 trade with Indian companies. Finland, in turn, is the
domicile of 24 Indian-owned companies.
Environmental technology offers considerable opportunities for cooperation
Mutual increases in trade and investments, however, are not the only goal. According to Foreign
Minister Tuomioja, Finland also wants to deepen scientific, technological and innovation
cooperation as well as cooperation in foreign and security policy. Indians have for their part been
very interested in the Finnish vocational education and training system.

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In his comments, Ambassador Aladiyan Manickam, Indias Ambassador to Finland, stated that
Finland is well known in India, in particular thanks to Nokia and Kone. During the years he has
spent in Finland, Ambassador Manickam has focused on the promotion of trade. At present he
sees the greatest potential for environmental technology. Indias needs in solutions for energy
efficiency and energy conservation, waste treatment, water purification, biofuels and
environmental measurement technology are increasing continuously.
Finlands India Action Plan was launched at the Ministry for Foreign Affairs on 18 April 2013.
Similar action plans have previously been prepared with regard to China, Russia, the United

States, Canada and Latin America

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COMPARISION BETWEEN INDIA AND FINLAND

This monograph is a collection of articles or presentations made by invited speakers from
Finland and India at the workshop on Social well-being and gender equity in a globalizing world:
Dialogue between India and Finland held during 27-28 November, 2007 at Helsinki, Finland.
This was the first workshop of its kind organized jointly by Vestliitto, Helsinki, Finland and
Indic Society for Education and Development, Nasik, India.

Finland is a welfare society while India is a kinship-based society. Despite vast differences
between Finnish and Indian societies, the two societies are similar with respect to the history
since both were ruled by an imperial power. The trade, tourism and migration between the two
courtiers have also increased in the last decade.

Background
Familial and gender relations are undergoing thorough changes both in the developed, postindustrial welfare societies such as Finland, and in fast developing societies where social security

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relies on kinship relations, such as India. In both societies, the family is pivotal for people's wellbeing and the future of the society, although the challenges are different.

Despite being utterly different, India and Finland share certain fundamental similarities
concerning political-historical background. They both were ruled by an imperial power; they
gained independence without bloodshed and after independence, they both experienced atrocities
(partition of India and Pakistan leading to a pogrom sometimes referred to as a genocide, Finland
suffered the bloody civil war).

These processes led to a kind of national inferiority complex as well as deep wounds for the
national unity to overcome. How Finland has managed to rise from such a situation to one of the
leading information and communications technology (ICT) powers in the world and gained allencompassing social security systems as well as social stability and relatively balanced gender
relations, would have a lesson to teach to India, struggling with many hurdles Finland has
managed to overcome during the past decades.

Gender relations are among the most important factors influencing well-being in its many
manifestations in any particular society. Unequal opportunities of men and women deeply affect
family relations and through the family they are reflected in the socialization of new generations.
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Finland is renowned for relatively good gender equity. In terms of the most quantitative
indicators, Finnish women are faring well: they are highly educated; they have a longer life
expectancy than men; they have nearly as high labour participation rate as men; and maternal
mortality is among the lowest in the world.

The history of how Finnish society has managed to improve gender equity and social welfare
especially when in the transition to today's industrialized nation could be instructive for the
Indian side in its struggle with many problems: how to gain universal literacy and encourage
girls' education; how to improve reproductive and sexual health; and how to combat a worsening
sex ratio that reflects daughter aversion. The Finnish case could show how intentional social
policies have been used to improve the well-being of men, women and families.

Although women suffer in India from many disadvantages, strong kin networks and social
connectedness also create an advantage for women in some respects. When an Indian woman
ages, her social value and power improves, while in Finland, where a woman's social worth is
based on conjugality, sexual attractiveness and working roles, the class of ageing women
experiences cultural devaluation.

In India, kin networks that support in child care enable women's work outside the family sphere,
while in Finland the nucleated family of small children commonly suffers from shallow social
support networks. Finnish society could be said to suffer from a tendency to instrumentalization
of social relations. Finnish society would fruitfully benefit from understanding how Indian
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society has managed to keep up with binding family networks even in conditions of modernity
and growing influence of global capitalism.

Till the last decade, Finland and India seem rather unknown to each other, far and unreachable,
unheard of! In the recent years, the information technology development has brought these two
countries closer. There are more and more young professionals moving to Finland for
collaborative work. Finland being close country in many ways, foreigners usually remain
unaware of the local ways and then there are clear groups formed separating locals from the
outsiders.

The distance between the two countries is further narrowed down because of the direct flight
started by Finnair which connects Helsinki and Mumbai/Delhi in just six and half hours. This
will surely increase the trade and movement between the two countries. People of both the
countries need to know more about each other (history and developmental phases) so as to
interact easily. A study comparing various aspects of society in India and in Finland will provide
a great resource for this.

This comparison would be instructive of the ways global interconnectedness is evolving, also to
other parts of the world. In the classical manner of socio-cultural anthropology, comparison

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helps to conceptualize and bring forward issues that would remain unnoticed and taken for
granted without the comparative effort.

Because Indian and Finnish societies can be compared from so many different points of view and
concerning so many themes, starting from historical and political developments and ending to the
adoption of IT technologies, here we narrow down the themes and consider following five
themes aiming at more popularized and more general impact, to benefit both decision-makers
and the informed common men and women in our societies.

Social security

Education

Sexual health

Social responsibility and change

Migration

We also give accounts of our personal encounters since we both have lived in both the societies.
These personal accounts are not based on any scientific research or data and hence, can not be
generalised or supported scientifically. They should be read as our personal views only.

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COMPARISION ON DEMOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS

Country

Finland
Leader

India

President: Sauli Niinisto

Population
5,266,114
Life Expectancy
79.550 years
Capital City
Helsinki
Largest city
Helsinki (population: 558,457)
Human Development Index
0.954
GDP per capita
$37,000 US
Literacy Rate
100%
Corruption Perception Index
9
Percentage of Women in Parliament
41.5%
Wealthiest Citizens
NA
Unemployment Rate

President: Pranab Mukherjee

PM

1,220,800,359
67.480 years
New Delhi
Mumbai (population: 12,691,800)
0.609
$3,900 US
61%
3.4
9.2%
Mukesh Ambani ($19.5bn US)
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7.800%
Death Penalty
Abolished

8.500%
Legal

Political System
Republic
federal republic
Independence date
6 December 1917 (from Russia)
15 August 1947 (from UK)
Religions
Lutheran Church of Finland 82.5%,
Hindu 80.5%, Muslim 13.4%, Christian 2.3%, Sikh 1.9%,
Orthodox Church 1.1%, other
other 1.8%, unspecified 0.1% (2001 census)
Christian 1.1%, other 0.1%, none
15.1% (2006)
Languages
Finnish 91.5% (official), Swedish 5.5% Hindi 41%, Bengali 8.1%, Telugu 7.2%, Marathi 7%,
(official), other 3% (small Sami- and Tamil 5.9%, Urdu 5%, Gujarati 4.5%, Kannada 3.7%,
Russian-speaking minorities) (2006) Malayalam 3.2%, Oriya 3.2%, Punjabi 2.8%, Assamese
1.3%, Maithili 1.2%, other 5.9%
note: English enjoys associate status but is the most
important language for national, political, and commercial
communication; Hindi is the national language and
primary tongue of 41% of the people; there are 14 other
official languages: Bengali, Telugu, Marathi, Tamil, Urdu,
Gujarati, Malayalam, Kannada, Oriya, Punjabi,
Assamese, Kashmiri, Sindhi, and Sanskrit; Hindustani is
a popular variant of Hindi/Urdu spoken widely throughout
northern India but is not an official language (2001
census)
Exports
electrical and optical equipment,
petroleum products, textile goods, gems and jewelry,
machinery, transport equipment,
engineering goods, chemicals, leather manufactures
paper and pulp, chemicals, basic
metals; timber
External Debt
$599,300,000,000 $
$376,300,000,000 US
Exchange Rate
euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.6799 Indian rupees (INR) per US dollar - 43.319 (2008 est.),
(2008 est.), 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964
41.487 (2007), 45.3 (2006), 44.101 (2005), 45.317 (2004)
(2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004)
Military Budget as percentage of GDP
2.000%
1.800%
Beijing Olympics Medal Count
4
3
Location
Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea and the Bay of
Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of
Bengal, between Burma and Pakistan
Finland, between Sweden and Russia
Area
338,145 km sq
3,287,263 km sq
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Coastline
1,250 km
7,000 km
Climate
cold temperate; potentially subarctic varies from tropical monsoon in south to temperate in
but comparatively mild because of
north
moderating influence of the North
Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more
than 60,000 lakes

CONCLUSION

After analyzing the PESTLE & Demographic condition of Finland it was noticed that
from Business point of view there are opportunities available in the Finns market.

All ready there are Companies that operate in Finland and vise versa this is helping to
increase the transaction of business from one country to another.

Both the countries are planning for new business opportunities in coming future.

What attracts both the nation is that the Governmental factor and Demographic condition
in both the countries.

More and more business opportunities are awaiting for easy trade fairs and good
relations among both the nations.

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BIBLOGRAPHY
http://www.ukessays.com/essays/economics/finland-and-china-pestle-analysis-economicsessay.php#ixzz2fbe7L79Z
Reference from project on slide share
Wikiepedia of Finland
Online comparison between two countries

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