Applied Mathematics and Mechanics (English Edition, Vol.6, No.4, Apr.

1985)

Published by SUT, Shanghai, China

ON THE CORRECTION BY MCCLINTOCK AND IRWIN*

Wang Mao-hua ( ~ )
(Beijing Institute o f Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing)

(Received March 5, 1984)

Abstract
In the case o f quasi-brittle fracture, at the crack tip there is a small plastic region whose affection cannot be neglected.Therefore the I~..ar elastic asympototic fields must be corrected. In 1965 F. A. McClintock Abstract and G. R. Irwin presented a carrection which since then has been adopted extensively. Here in this paper, it mast be pointed out that such

The one-dimensional problem of the motion of a rigid flying plate under explosive attack has wrong. A correct result is given. an analyticcorrection solution isonly when the polytropic index of detonation products equals to three. In general, a numerical analysis is required. In this paper, however, by utilizing the "weak" shock I. McClintock and Irwin's Correction behavior of the reflection shock in the explosive products, and applying the small parameter purterbation method, In [I], there an areanalytic, R = 2 r y first-order approximate solution is obtained for the problem of flying plate driven by various high explosives with polytropic indices other than but nearly equal to three. Final velocities of flying plate obtained agree very well with numerical results by computers. Thus (1.2) TM an analytic formula with two parameters of high explosive (i.e. detonation velocity and polytropic index) for estimation of the velocity of flying plate is established. (1.8) t'~ 2a:O'~

1.

Introduction

Explosive flying-plate ffmds its important use in the study of behavior of where cyo is driven the tensile yield technique stress; materials under intense impulsive loading, shock synthesis of diamonds, and explosive welding and d=a+rv . cladding of metals. The method of estimation of flyor velocity and the way of raising it are questions Substituting eq. (l.2)minto eq. of common interest. ( 1 . 8 ) Under t ~, it turns out the assumptions of one-dimensional plane detonation and rigid flying plate, the normal approach of solving the problem of motion of flyor is to solve the following system of equations ru-1 detonation products governing the flow2mz_ field of behind (1,15) ~'~ the flyor (Fig. I):

r%%

where rn=cro/cr. Fig. 1 --ff =o, +theau Substituting eq. (1.15) t~J into rap +u_~_xp TM, corrective stress intensity factor K'~ can be
au au 1 found. y =0, Since then in a large number of literatures this correction has been adopted and it was regarded (i.0 aS a s that KI can be exactly found by the iteration method. This iteration program is as follows: a--T =o, (!) Substituting a into K l = c l d na , the result KI is taken as K p ~ . p =p(p, s), (2) Substituting K~ ~ into eq.(1.8) t~J', the result ry is taken as r~~ . (3) Substituting a + r ~ o' into eq,(1.2)t~J, the result K'~ is taken as K ~ ~ where p, p, S, u are pressure, density, specific entropy and particle velocity of detonation products (4) Substituting K~ ~ into eq.(1.8) t~, the result ru is taken as r~" respectively, with the trajectory R of reflected shock of detonation wave D as a boundary and the trajectory F of flyor as another boundary. Both are unknown; the position of R and the state para* Communicated by Chien by Wei-zang. meters on it are governed the flow field I of central rarefaction wave behind the detonation wave D and by initial stage of motion of flyor also; the position of F and the state parameters of products 387 293

388

Wang Mao-hua

(5") The calculation is carried out repeatedly, until the difference of K~ ~-*~ and K [ "> is satisfied with a certain requirement.
H. The Correct Results The well-known linear elastic fields are as follows: Kt KI or, ----v (or, + or,) 0 I0 . 0 0 . 30 (plane strain) 30 -I

o,=
~zz

Kt

0l ['1 cos 2-

+ sin~- sin-~]

TUz ----0

c~ffi = 0

(plane stress)

where Kt----cr~/ zra ~ v is Poisson's ratio. Therefore, at O f 0 , there are Kt and Ks Von Mises's criterion is ( o i - - ~ 2 ) 2+ (a~-- o's) 2+ (o's--~,)~ ffi 2o'~ From eqs. (2.1) and (2.3), it leads to
al#-----G ~

Kt

or3= 0

(plane stress)

(2.1)

KI
~ ,

~s=v(~t+~2)

(plane strain)

(2.2)

(2.3)

(2.a)

From eqs. (2.2) and (2.3), we obtain

a~ (7,.ffi' ( 1 - - 2 v ) '

(2.5)

at 0 ~ 0

G~l

. thus there are

f# ~ O'le ~ O'e

(plane strain) 2v) (plane strain)

(2.6)

u, ~ o ' t , ~-O'~
(1) P l a n e s t r e s s From eqs. (2.1) and (2.6) we may know
gt

o'~ 0"I,
i.e.

~ / 2zrr,

K;

(2.7)

According to the stress relaxation equilibrium, there should be (See Fig. 2)

On the Correction by McClintock and Irwin

389

Rat,=I~" (at)8-odr
In consideration of eqs. (2.1) and (2.6), the above equation becomes

Ra'=Io
1 Kt

r,

Kt

r
__,

ID

Lx

From e q (2.7), it turns out z __ a 2r,

(2.8)
Fig. 2

Let a=a +r v be the

effective half crack length, there is /Ct = c r d

~r(a+rg) K'

(2.9)

As origin of coordinates is located at the crack tip O", there is

e.=

,,f 2~F

(2.10)

In order to keep up the stress relaxation equilibrium i.e. the shape of curve ABC'~"H, from eqs. (2.6) and (2.10), it leads to a,= /2rr(R_r, ) (2.11)

In consideration of eqs. (2.8), (2.9) and (2.1), we can find r~ = 2m z + 1 (2.12)

(2) P l a n e s t r a i n
From cqs. (2.2) and (2.6), there is
as
~O'1 s ~

Kt

(1--2v)

i.e.

/el
According to thc stress relaxation cqulibrium, there should be

Rau,=

(ar)o.odr

In consideration of eqs. (2.2) and (2.6), the above equation becomes

ao
R (1--2v) = Therefore, from eq, (2.7), it leads to

~re
0

gt ~,/----~-~-dr

390

Wang Mao-hua

R=

K~ ( l _ 2 v ) z = _ . ~ _ ( l _ 2 v ) ~ = 2 r , ,~cr'.

(2.14)

In order to keep up the stress relaxation equilibrium, i.e. the shape of curve A B C H , from eqs. (2.6) and (2.10), there should be ( 1-- 2v) -- ,~/2~(R--ry) From eqs. (2.9), (2.14) and (2.15), we can find
G

(2.15)

r,=

2m z

(2.1o)

In eqs. (2.12)and (2.16l, r ~ is the corrective value of original half crack length a. Substitutingry into eq. (2.9) the corrective stress intensity factor ~'t can be found. In the case of mode III, only when the following transformation

~->r,,
is carried out, rv and ~'~ can be found.

(~8~r,,

Kt-->K3

(2.17)

III. C o n c l u s i o n
(1) McClintock and Irwin's corrective result i.e. eq. ( 1 . 1 5 ) t'J is wrong, because (a) In Fig. 2 r, is taken as rv in Fig. 1, which leads to the discrepance, i.e. according to the stress relaxation equilibrium there is

R=2rs=2ru=@
but in the other hand, the result is expressed by eq.(1.15) t~J. In fact, in order to keep up the stress relaxation equilibrium there must be r~ :~ r v . Otherwise, when the half crack length is a, from eq. (2.7) there is

ro = a / 2 m z
and when the half crack length is a = o + r y , there should be 2rn 2 = ~ + Therefore, the following result rv+~.=r,+g~-a _D_= mt + 2m~ R+ rv 2m 2 2mz

is turned out. In other words, in Fig. 1 point C must be shifted to the right, which leads to that the condition of R=2r~ can not be satisfied. In order to keep up R = 2 r , , there must be r v ( r ~ , i.e. in Fig. 2 and the effective crack tip should be at O", instead of 0". (b) In eq. ( 1 . 2 ) ~' ~, h7 t is identified w i t h K I in eq. ( ]. 8 )lu, which in fact implies that V8 is identified with rv . Therefore, in Fig. 1 point C must be shifted to the right further, i.e.

On the Correction by McClintock and Irwin

a

391

AC=2r,=--~-'+

mz = R + - - - ~ -

(2) In this paper the iesults are satisfied with the stress relaxation equilibrium. From eq. (2.7), we know F , = a+r~ 2m z Therefore, from the above equation, (2.8) and (2.12), it turns out
r~+F,=,

a+(ZmZ+l)ry
2m z

=--~2r~
.

(3) The results obtained by iteration methods are same as ones by MeClintock and Irwin. Because all of them make use of r , f r t and K t = g t , and are based on eqs. ( 1 . 2 ) t n a n d ( 1 . 8 ) tt3 . (4) Let ry, a ' - a + r u and Kt=o'~/ na represent the corrective results in this paper; r ] , a * = a + r ] and ~7~_--e ~r-~'g - McClintock and Irwin's corrective results. (a) From eqs. (1.15) t t ~and (2.12), we obtain
a*-a 2

ru

= 2m z - l '

When m = 2, the corrective value of the half crack length is increased about 28.6% by McClintock and Irwin's correction. (b) From eqs. (1.15) tu, (2.12) and (2.9) we obtain

R~-R,
R, --K~

1 -%/ ~/ 1 + 2m--~--~_ I

14 1

"2m~ +------~

~/ 1-I -1-1 2m z-l1

When m--2, the corrective value of stress intensity factor is increased about 27.6% by McClintock and Irwin's correction. For example, when a----10rnm, o ' , = 1 4 0 k g / m m z, cr=70kg/mm z , the stress intensity factors are listed in Table 1. Table 1. Unit: kg/mm 3/' Uncorrection ] McClintock and Irwin In this paper 392.35 I 419.44 413.57
References

[1 ] McClintock, F. A. and G. R. Irwin, Plasticity aspects offracturr mechanics, A S T M STP, 381 (1965), 8 4 - 113.