Pharmacology 1. Which is correct?

Tranexamic acid is used to reduced bleeding time (YUP) -this is a synthetic antifibrinolytic agent for sim!le extraction "ith !atient#s that are heamo!hiliac or "ith $on "illebrand#s disease %. metronida&ole "hat is true ' intolerance "ith alcohol (YUP) - synthetic antimicrobial - highly effecti$e against trichomoniasis ( common $aginal inf) - (()bacteria and !roto&oans "ho are obligate anaerobes - narro" s!ectrum lo" ris) of su!rerinfection - good for *+U, -y!hilis !ericoronitis - excretion by urine sali$a - metallic taste transient rashes - reaction "ith alcohol causing flushing s"eating !al!itations and nausea .. /isinfectants 0 cleansing of any items and im!lies remo$al of bacterial contamination !articulary by antise!tics - they are non selecti$e in their action on cells and need to be used in relati$ely high concentrations - they re1uire considerable time to destroy significant amounts of bacteria - they are usually inhibited by organic materials such as !us or blood - they are usually ineffecti$e against bacterial s!ores and "ill not necessarily destroy $iruses 2. *ntise!tics3 a) coagulation and !reci!itation of cell !roteins ' !henols b) damage to cell membrane detergents c) oxidation halogens 4. Which of the follo"ing are used as an anti$iral agent? a) ,lutaraldehyde5 cold sterili&ation bactericidal (.6 mins) ( many s!ores (7-16 hrs) "ea) against T8 bacillus $iricidal %9 for im!ression materials b) sodium hydrocloride (19 +a:; - milton#s solution)5-$iricidal bactericidal c) iodine5-some s!ores and $iricidal bactericidal fungi 7.49 (scrub) 169 s)in antise!tic d) 769 alcohol- bacteriocidal e) chlorhexidine bacteriocidal f) 1uarternary amonium bacteriostatic good detergent but !oor antise!tic

<. When a !atient is on steroid (anti-inflammatory) thera!y you send him to the !hysician because3 a) 5undermined adrenal cortex inability to "ithstand stress and can !reci!itate acute hy!otension and circulatory failure b) difficulty in healing c) to use as an anesthetics "ith $asoconstrictor 7. *ntibiotics should be used routinely to !re$ent infection arising from oral surgery in !atients suffering from? (!ro!hylactic) a) *granulocytosis5 b) se$ere uncontrolled diabetes5 c) leu)emia5 d) a!lastic anaemia5 e) mum!s f) renal dialysis !atients5 g) under radiation5 =. >ndogenous mor!hine-li)e substance "hich control central !ain (brain)are )no"n as? a) brady)inin b) !e!tides c) !rostaglandin d) endor!hins5 e) en)e!halins5 ?. /enture -tomatitis treatment? /ue to fungal infection a) @etronida&ole ' tx of choice for acute ulcerati$e gingi$itis b) Tetracycline c) systemic !enicillin d) am!hotericin 85 e) mycostatin5 'nystatin . x a day for 12 days denture must be soa)ed in nystatin solution o$ernight 16. Tetracycline is used in 16 years old ' gro"th of candida albican - 8road s!ectrum bacteriostatic but not effecti$e for $iruses and !roto&oans 11. Af !atient is sensisti$e to !enicillin? >rytromycin 1%. Bor !atients "ith bacterial endocarditis? *moxycillin % grams 1 hr !rior to surgery <66 mg clindamycin or 466 a&ithro 1.. Which is least li)ely to !roduce !ost surgical bleeding? a) antibiotic thera!y b) !oor surgical c) as!irin !re$ent !latelet aggregation thus !rolong bleeding time d) codein5 analgesic

12. ;ydrocortison (secreted from the adrenal cortex) "hich is correct? Produces its anti-inflammatory action through inhibition of !rostaglandine no!e Produces its anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting !hos!holi!ase and thus reducing the synthesis of !rostaglandins and leu)otrienes. The !rostoglandins causes trhe !ain edema and $asodilation of acute inflammation and the leu)otrienes mediate cellular infiltration mucosal secretion and bronchoconstriction in more !rolonged inflammation. 14. Which of the follo"ing drugs can cause bleeding during o!eration a) *s!irin5 b) codein c) antibiotic d) $asoconstrictor 1<. barbiturates are associated "ith the follo"ing exce!t a) analgesia5 b) general aneasthesia c) hy!nosis d) sedation 17. What drug has common de!ressi$e side effect res!iratory a) antihistamine b) Tran1uili&ers5 c) +on-barbiturate sedati$e drugs d) *nti-de!ressant e) +arcotics5 1=. Ceast !ossible cause of !ost o!erati$e bleeding a) as!irin b) antibioitic c) codeine5 d) !oor techni1ue 1?. * .7 years old female com!lains of gingi$al enlargement on anterior teeth. :n examination both marginal and attached gingi$al on bilateral sides3 dilantin gingi$al hy!er!lasia %6. * !atient age 1. year-old using dilantin tabs oral examination re$eals gingi$al hy!er!lasia the treatment is3 a) oral !ro!hylaxis5 b) oral hygiene measure !la1ue remo$al5 c) gingi$o!lasty5 d) sto! medication

%1. *cute ulcerati$e gingi$itis treatment of choice is3 a) !enicillin b) metronida&ole5 %%. Which is correct? a) dia&e!am has hango$er effect b) barbiturates (ex +embutal) has a hango$er effect5 note3 barbiturates !roblem are the follo"ing - ready tendency to "ides!read addiction - res!iratory de!ressant effect - fre1uent !oisoning - interaction "ith other drugs %.. Which of the follo"ing is incorrect about 8en&odia&e!ines? a) +o side effects and high amnesic effect5 b) Po"erful anxiolytic agent c) @uscle relaxant d) *nticon$ulsant e) *mnesic effect %2. Which of the follo"ing is correct about /ia&e!am (Dalium)? a) The acti$e metabolites can cause !ost-o! headache true (hang-o$er li)e effect) b) *cti$e metabolites remain for = hours e$en more cannot dri$e after 1% hours %4. Which of the follo"ing is correct about intra-oral infections a) *mox and @etronida&ole ha$e e1ual !enetrating !ro!erties b) *mox can effecti$ely lo"er most intra-oral infections5 %<. * !atient ta)ing a @:+:amine :xidase inhibitor re!resents for dental treatment "hich is contraindicated ' antide!ressant !ersist e$en after % "ee)s a) barbiturate b) !enicillin c) a local anesthesia "ith fely!resine d) acetylsalicylic acid e) !ethidine or mor!hine5 - !rolonged umconsciousness and dee!en res!iration or de!ressed %7. What is true about ben&odia&e!ines? a) At can be gi$en safely to children ' !aradoxical stir b) At can cause after effect (hang-o$er) c) At is a tran1uili&er and analgesic ( don#t !ossess analgesic !ro!erties)

%=. Tetracycline ' antagonist of !enicillin ( true because tetracycline is bacteriostatic "hile !enicillin is bacteriocidal) %?. Tetracycline gi$en "ith mil) ( Ealcium or iron -chelates) "ill inhibit absor!tion .6. Tetracycline used in Fu$enile !eriodontitist because it has the best concentration com!ared to other antibiotics in the gingi$al fluid +ote3 Ats binding or etching to hard tissueshas led to its use against se$ere !eriodontal disease .1. metronida&ole ' good in treatment of all gingi$itis no!e good for *+U, .%. synthetic narcotic ' cause res!iratory de!ression ... hydrocortisone ' has anti-inflammmatory effect .2. Tricloroacetic acid a strong acid has been used by dentists for chemical cautery of hy!ertro!hic tissue and of a!thous ulcers Ats mechanism of action is3 a) Thermodynamic action b) *cti$ation of tissue en&ymes c) :smotic !ressure d) Protein !reci!itate5 e) neutrali&ation .4. !henytoin (/ilantin) ' gingi$al hy!er!lasia .<. Which antibiotic is enough for dentistry ' *moxycillin *m!icillin .7. ben&odia&e!ine ' its action can be antagoni&ed by Bluma&enil .=. barbiturates ha$e the follo"ing !ro!erties ' sedation excitement general anesthesia hy!nosisG exce!t analgesia .?. Eommonest ty!e of drug sensiti$ity is a) ana!hylaxis b) serum sic)ness c) s)in reaction5 d) synco!e e) $ertigo 26. Premedication is used in ,* a) easy induction5 b) analgesia c) !rolonged reco$ery

d) !re$ent unnecessary irritation5 e) reduce basal metabolic rate5 21. What drugs has common de!ressi$e side effects a) antihistamine b) tran1uili&ers5? c) +on-barbituartes d) *nti-de!ressant e) +arcotics 2%. Which drug grou! may cause res!iratory de!ression3 a) barbiturates (cardiac and res!iratory de!ression) 5 b) tran1uili&ers c) sedati$es hy!notics d) synthetic narcotic 2.. /enture stomatitis treatment a) tetracycline b) !enicillin c) an!hotericin 85 anti-fungal d) mycostatin5 anti-fungal 22. Which of the follo"ing is correct about !eria!ical infections? a) They gradually change from aerobic to anaerobic5 b) Ean be effecti$ely controlled by amoxycillin? 24. @etronida&ole3 a) is effecti$e in the management of *U, ' it interact "ith ethanol (alcohol) causing flushing !al!itation headache and naused 2<. What is not associated "ith barbiturate a) sedation b) excitement c) analgesia5 d) general anesthesia e) hy!nosis 27. /ilantin ;y!er!lasia treatment3 oral hygiene assessment gingi$ectomy 2=. The mode of action of drug may be defined as a) "here the drug has its effect b) ho" it !roduces its action5 (boucher 1?%) c) "hat effect the drug has d) ho" the drug is distributed

2?. >xcretion of +%: is through the lungs 46. !harma !lacebo ( 8 %7=) ' some !artici!ants in a drug study sho"s gain scores gi$en "hen no thera!eutic agents is administered 41. Ehloro!roma&ine ( 8 %66) belongs to "hich of the follo"ing grou!s of chemical com!ounds? a) catecholamines b) tricycline antidre!ressant c) narcotic antagonist d) barbiturate e) !henothia&ine5 ' a maFor tran1uili&er is the !rototy!e of the !henothia&ine 4%. *gents in mouth "ashes that ha$e been sho"n to be at least !artialy successful in inhibiting dental !la1ue formation include all of the follo"ing exce!t3 a) erythromycin b) amine fluoride c) ben&ethonium chloride d) sorbitol5 slo"ly metaboli&ed by oral bacteria e) urea !eroxide note3 sorbitol a s"eetener that is commonly used in mouthrinse formulation is only slo"ly methaboli&ed by oral bacteria and therefore does not contribute to acidogenesis or !la1ue gro"th. At does not ho"e$er inhibit !la1ue formation 4.. What is true about ben&odia&e!ines3 a) At can be gi$en safely in children5 b) At causes after effects (hango$er) c) At is a tran1uli&er and gi$es analgesic 42. *ntibiotics in minor surgery3 a) if there is e$idence that it can reduce infection5 b) can !re$ent s"ellings after surgery c) amoxyl is satisfactory 44. The action of all barbiturate drugs (8 1??) all exce!t3 a) sedation b) general anesthesia c) analgesic5 d) excitement e) hy!nosis note3 the barbiturates "hich are general E+- de!ressants do not ha$e an analgesic effect and may in fact sometimes augment and sometimes antagoni&e the action of concomitant analgesic

4<. * !atient recent !rolonged steroid thera!y may de$elo!3 a) relati$e adrenaline insufficiency 47. What drugs are ex!ected to stain teeth "hile they are used using tooth formation a) tetracycline 5 b) corticosteriods Periodontitist 1. *fter !ro!hylaxis acidogenic oral flora turns into non-acidogenic flora in a. se$eral hours5 (.-= hrs) b. 1 day c. a fe" days d. a "ee) (note3 it is not until %2 hours "ithout cleaning that a clinically demonstrable layer of !la1ue has formed) %. Which instrument is used to measure the !eriodontal !oc)et? a. !robe b. shar! !robe c. calibrated !robe5 .. The Periodontal Andex (Hussell) is ina!!ro!riate for use "ith children !rimarily because3 it measures gingi$itis and ad$ance !eriodontitis (YuP) +ote3 PA ' measures the !re$alence and se$erity of !eriodontal disease 2. P@* (Pa!illary-marginal-attached) ' a system of e!idemiological scoring of !eriodontal disease de$ised by -chour and @assler in "hich the symbols denote the areas in$ol$ed in the gingi$al inflammation 4. PA (Pla1ue Andex--ilness and Coe) records the !resence of !la1ue <. ,A (,ingi$al Andex- -ilness and Coe) is a system for assessing the 1uality se$erity and location of gingi$al disease 7. /A (/A-- /ebris Andex) determines amount of debris on the teeth =. EA (EA-- Ealculus Andex) determines the extent of calculus on teeth that is obser$able $isually ?. :;A '- (-im!lified :ral ;ygiene Andex ' ,reene and $ermillion) combination of debris and calculus index

16. P/A (Periodontal /isease Andex- HamfFord) measures the !resence and extent of !eriodontal disease. 11. ,PA (,ingi$al Periodontal Andex ' :#Ceary et al.) e$aluates the gingi$al status of the mouth 1%. ,racy curette used for subgingi$al curretage "hich of the follo"ing is correct? a. used in s!ecific tooth surface5 1.. curettes are instruments used for both su!ra and subgingi$al scaling and root !lanning 12. scaling is the !rocedure "hich aims at the remo$al of !la1ue and calculus from the tooth surface 14. Bor scaling the most effecti$e angulation of curette is 76 degrees? 1<. The most fre1uent se1uela of gingi$itis is3 a. gingi$osis b. !eriodontosis c. !eriodontitis5 17. An de$elo!ing !la1ue the adhesi$e !olymer !roduce stre!tococcus mutans is synthesi&ed from a. glucose b. sucrose5 c. fructose d. lactose 1=. Af !eriodontal !oc)et is 7.< mm dee! "hat is the best treatment? a. scaling and !olishing b. general treatment ( antibiotics mouth "ashes etc.) c. -urgical treatment5 1?. Which of the follo"ing is incorrect about a muco!eriosteal fla!? c) carefully se!arate the mucosa from !eriosteum note3 muco!eriosteal fla! is a fla! of mucosal tissue including the !eriosteum reflected from the bone. %6. An late teenage grou! (14-1? years old) the most fre1uent !eriodontal disease is3 a. !eriodontitis b. gingi$itis c. *+U, d. Periodontosis5 Fu$enile !erio?

%1. Uni$ersal curette a. one side only b. t"o sided5 %%. ,racy curette ' used for s!ecific area %.. root !lanning ' is the smoothening of the roughened root surfaces by the use of scalers and curettes %2. a!ical migration of the e!ithelial attachment "ith atro!hy of marginal gingi$al result3 a. false !eriodontal !oc)et b. !eriodontal recession5 c. gingi$al cleft d. true !oc)et %4. EPAT+ ' Eommunity !eriodontal Andex treatment needs (used to assess !eriodontal disease in large !o!ulation) %<. Which is determinine to !eria!ical tissue3? a. ;%:% b. >/T* c. *lcohol d. Ehlorhexidine5 e. >ugenol %7. Periodontitist ' gram - gram( cocci to gram ' and s!irochete %=. % days !la1ue ' neutro!hils and the number of cocci is reduced %?. Pla1ue formation3 -!hase A (1-%2 hours) discrete colonies com!osed of =6 ' ?69 gram !ositi$e cocci and short rods a!!ear -!haseAA (%-2 days) rods and filamentous microorganism a!!ears and the number of cocci reduced -!haseAAA (< ' 16 days) $ibrios and s!irochetes a!!ear and the number of cocci is reduced and increase in si&e of gram negati$e anaerobic microognaisms .6. angle of the instrument in root !lanning ' =6 degrees .1. Hoot !lanning to chec) the success of calculus remo$al using cross calculus !robe .%. *ngular ty!e of bone resor!tion can be seen more often in a. occusdal trauma b. food !articles retention

c. !eriodontosis ' is a condition in "hich there is non-inflammatory degeneration of the !eriodontium characteri&ed by destruction of the !eriodontal membrane fibers al$eolar bone resor!tion "ith ultimate loosening and !ossible migration of teeth. d. !eriodontitis ' inflammation of the su!!orting tissue of the teeth. Usually a !rogressi$ely destructi$e change leading to loss of al$eolar bone and !art of the !eriodontal ligament. @arginal !eriodontitis de$elo!s as a se1uela to chronic gingi$itis e. all of the abo$e5 ... *l$eolar 8one ' al$eolar bone !ro!er and al$eolar !rocess .2. Bree gingi$al margin after com!lete tooth eru!tion (6.4mm to % mm to the E>I) .4. >!ithelial attachment the normal de!th3 6.4 ' %mm and Iunctional e!ithelium 6.%4 ' 1..4 mm .<. @or!hology of !eriodontal fibers (. %4 mm "idth) sha!e hour glass thin at the mid root section) ' de$elo!ed from the follicle that surrounds tooth bud !lus cementum a. collagen fibers5 b. "a$y fibers5 c. striated fibers d. elastic fibers .7. Periodontium main function ' attach tooth to bone tissue of the Fa" .=. What is the most im!ortant function of !eriodontal ligament3 Jee! teeth in the soc)et (!rotecti$e sensory su!!orti$e) .?. Periodontal ligament "idth (normal) 6.% mm decreases "ith age but increase "ith infection 26. *!!earance of !eriodontal ligament not in function3 a. narro"5 b. "ide 21. ,ingi$itis or !eriodontitis in ;AD !atient3 a. is !ainful from the beginning b. is !athognominic sym!tom of ;AD disease5 2%. What radiogra!h do you use for assessing !eriodontal condition3 a. Peria!ical b. 8ite "ing c. :cclusal d. Panoramic5

2.. Which of the follo"ing statements is correct for !eriodontal disease a. the finger !ressure is enough for mobility diagnosis b. is a communicable disease? c. x-ray after intra-al$eolar surgery is sufficient for diagnosis of healing d. the systemic disease ha$e no effect on it e. K:> !aste "ill accelerate healing follo"ing !eriodontal surgery 22. $erical incision of muco!eriosteal fla! "hould be3 a. al"ays must extend to the al$eolar muco!eriosteal5 b. bisect the middle of gingi$al!a!illae c. must be right angle of the tooth 24. *!ical migration of the e!ithelial attachment follo"ed by atro!hy of marginal gingi$al at the same le$el result in3 a. false !eriodontal !oc)et b. !eriodontal !oc)et recession5 c. gingi$al cleft d. true !oc)et 2<. !eriodontal !oc)et can be best detected by3 a. bite "ing radiogra!hs b. shar! ex!lorer c. study cast d. calibrated !robe5 27. @ost !rominent feature of *cute *!ical Periodontitis is3 a. tenderness of tooth to !ressure ' se$ere continous !ain5 b. extra-oral s"elling ' chronic c. intermittent !ain 2=. ;o" can a !eriodontal !oc)et be recogni&ed? a. x-ray b. !eriodontal !robe or calibrated !robe5 c. !eriodontal mar)er 2?. chronic inflammatory !eriodontal disease originates in a. the marginal gingi$al5 b. the crestal al$eolar bone c. cer$ical cementum 46. Which is the most im!ortant local factor in the etiology of !eriodontal disease3 a. occlusal trauma b. calculus c. brushing habits d. coarse food e. !la1ue5

41. Ealculus attaches to teeth surface3 a. ac1uired !ellicle b. interloc)ing to the crystals of the teeth5 c. by !enetration into enamel d. mechanical interloc)ing 4%. Which states best the mor!hology of !eriodontal ligament fibers a. elastic b. striated c. non-striated d. tauty e. "a$y5 4.. Which differentiate an acute !eriodontal abcess from an acute !eria!ical abcess? a. !igmentation of the gingi$al b. nature of the s"elling c. res!onse to $itality test5 42. the most common cause for gingi$al irritation is a. calculus b. !la1ue5 44. Which is the most common local factor in the etiology of !eriodontal disease3 a. occlusal trauma b. calculus5 c. brushing habits d. coarse food note3 !la1ue 4<. Pla1ue is considered infection because3 a. antibiotic thera!y !re$ents or sto! its formation b. indication of bacterial acti$ity5 c. it is common to both animal and human 47. Dirucidal solution is3 a. na-hy!ochorite (milton#s solution)5 b. glutaraldehyde5 c. guantoial ammonia 4=. The most common !lace for initiation of gingi$itis is a. interdental !a!illae b. the free gingi$al ridge c. the attached gingi$al d. marginal gingi$al5

4?. the earliest clinical sign of gingi$itis is? a) change in si&e b) change in contour c) bleeding "hen !al!ated or !robed5 d) change in color e) changed in sti!!ling 8leeding "hen Pal!ated or !robed may occur before alteration in color or form "hich are the next changes to occur and in that order <6. ;ealthy gingi$al ' fe" microorganisms ?69 gram ( cocci and rods and remaining gram (-) <1. Cindhe 0 1) first !hase ' increased microorganism and a shift to a more gram (-) than gram (() day % %) second !hase (day .-2) fusobacterium and filamentous bacteria .) third !hase (4-? days) s!irilla and s!irochetes 2) 7days ' gram ( 469 of microflora <%. the least im!ortant in !re$enting !eriodontal disease a. brushing b. interdental cleaner c. Dit 8=5 d. :cclusal e1uilibration <.. the tissue res!onse to oral hygiene instruction is best assessed by3 a. reduced tendency to bleed on !robing the gingi$al margin <2. ra!idly !rogressi$e !eriodontitis3 usually seen bet"een the ages of %4-.4 years. @ore commonly seen in sufferers of certain systemic disease <4. the end result of oral hygiene !rogram ' the !atient can use the toothbrush and dental floss5 <<. !eriodontitis disease has high incidence in age grou! (adult) a. 14-%4 b. %4-.4 c. .4-245 <7. healing after !oc)et curretage byG a. long e!ithelial attachent? b. connecti$e tissue

<=. What is the characteristic features of gingi$itis in *A/- !atient? a. a red band on the free gingi$al "ith associated !etichae. At is the most characteristic for *A/- but to ma)e sure of diagnosis of other features3 b. correlating "ith other !athogenisis lesiosn of *A/- and does not resol$e to !eriodontal con$entional treatment c. se$ere !ain <?. Eharacteristic feature of gingi$itis in ;AD ( *A/-) !atient3 i. erythema of free gingi$al attached gingi$al and al$eolar mucosa ii. extensi$e bleeding on brushing and e$en gentle !robing iii. lac) of res!onse to con$entional !eriodontal treatment i$. found in combination "ith other *A/- manifestation 76. restorati$e cro"n located "ithin the gingi$al margin !roduces inflammation3 a. rarely b. sometimes5 c. al"ays?- because of !la1ue accumulation d. ne$er 71. The gingi$al margin is belo" the cementoenamel Function the !ro measure < mm. The diagnosis is3 a. True !oc)et5 b. ,ingi$al !oc)et c. Anfrabony !oc)et +ote3 Af the bottom of the !oc)et is near the E>I there is a !seudo!oc)et but if the !oc)et is associated "ith a!ical migration and bone loss. This is indicati$e of a true !oc)et Pathology 1. bilateral s"elling of the mandible a) central giant cell ' children and young adults - BL@ - @andible %M. and maxilla 1M. - *nterior !art of the Fa" - Pain not !rominent feature - >x!ansion of cortical !lates - ;istoG multinucleated giant cells - Tx3 curettage or surgical excision - ;eals3 "ith ne" bone and heal "ith no difficulty - Hadiation is contraindicated - Unilateral s"elling

b) Eherubism (bilateral) autosomal dominant disorder @aleLBemale %years to !uberty self limiting disease mostly bilateral in$ol$ing the mandibular angle ascending ramus retromolar region !osterior maxilla and coronoid !rocess !ainless symmetrical enlargement !remature exfoliation of the !rimary teeth and dis!lacement of the !ermanent dentition intelligence not affected al)aline !hos!hate ele$ated multilocular radiogra!hically c) Anfantile Eortical ;y!erostosis or Eaffe#s /isease5 self limiting and short li$ed 2 "ee)s of life onset firm tender s"elling "ith rather dee! seated edema !ain fe$er and hy!erirritability (inflammatory ty!e) (bilateral) d) Bibrous /ys!lasia (unilateral) %. "hy stre!tococcus infection occurs because it has different strains .. Target lesion ' erythema multiformeM ste$ens Fohnson#s syndrome - un)no"n etiology !reci!itating agent (;er!es -im!lex inf) - onset 1-. "ee)s - young adults mostly - malesL females - asym!tomatic $i$idly erythematous discrete macules !a!ules or occasionally $esicles and bullae distributed in a rather symmetrical !attern - commonly on hands arms feet legs face and nec) - concentric ring li)e a!!earance - target iris bull#s eye - mucous membrane in$ol$ement and oral ca$ity - -te$en#s Iohnson#s disease ' se$ere form mucocutaneousocular 2. Which is not !remalignant lesion? a) erythema migransM geogra!hic tongue ' benign un)no"n etiology related to emotional stress b) erythro!la)ia ' yu! !recancerous lesion 4. 8io!sy is least useful in the follo"ing condition? a) geogra!hic tongue5 b) a!thous ulceration? c) )eratocyst d) giant cell granuloma e) myxoma <. 8luish s"elling ' ranula

7. /iagnosis of cyst and granuloma ' bio!sy =. :rganism !resent in acute ulcerati$e gingi$itis 'all correct a) s!irochete5 ( borrelia $incentii) - more b) fusiform bacteria5- more c) others such as $ibrios and cocci5 ?. stomatitis nicotinaM !i!esmo)er#s !alate ' most often seen in !i!e smo)er but can be seen in cigar or cigarette smo)ers as "ell 16. Ancidence of malignancy of leu)o!la)iaM "hite !atch ' related to tobaccoMalcohol and others a) 69 b) 4-<95 c) 1-29 d) none of the abo$e 11. An fact oral $esicles are most li)ely to be seen in a) her!es sim!lex infection5 adult;-D1 or ;-D% circulating antibodies that resides dormantly "ithin the regional ganglia her!etic "itlo" (fingers) !reci!itating factors such as stress some monthly others yearly lesions are usually lesions are !receded by a tingling sensation or soreness "here the lesion a!!eared. small lesions 1 mm or less in diameter $esicles that ru!tures 7-16 days and no scar Ci!schut& bodies in histo. *ti$iral agent but not as a curati$e drug b) :ral lichenoid reaction c) Hecurrent *!thous ulcerationMstomatitis ' can)er sores stre!tococcus sanguis BL@ 16-.6 eyars old common no $esicle formation li)e her!es ulcers !ersist for 7-12 days (minor) < "ee)s maFor *nitsch)o" cells no s!ecific treatment tetracycline mouth"ash for 4-7 days %46 mg !er 4 ml steroid ointment chemical cautery d) Pem!higus $ulgaris5 - mouth first area of manifestation serious chronic disease characteri&ed by the a!!earance of $esicles and bullae small or large fluid filled blisters that de$elo! in cycles etiology un)no"n .6 and abo$e years old males0females ni)ols)y#s sign t&anc)#s cells 1%. Tem!oro mandibular Foint dysfunction a) associated "ith chronic minor illness5 b) more men than "omen are affected ("rong BL@) c) stress !ain d) extraction !ain note3 masticatory muscle s!asm can be initiated as a result of muscle o$er-extension ( high dental resto maxi a!!liance) muscular

o$er-contraction ( loss of !osterior teeth) or muscle fatigue ( chronic oral habits) !sycho-!hysiologic theory 2 cardinal signs and sym!toms3 1) !ain %) muscle tenderness .) clic)ing and !o!!ing noise 2) limitation in Fa" mo$ements 4) absence of organic changes in the Foint <) lac) of tenderness in the Foint Treatment3 conser$ati$e relief of emotional stress correction of ob$ious faulty restorations and a!!liances myothera!eutic exercise !hysiothera!y and drug thera!y. 1.. @ost serious com!lication of abscess in canine ' ca$ernous sinus thrombosis 12. the most common malignant lesion of the oral ca$ity is? a) basal cell carcinoma b) s1uamous cell carcinoma5 c) osteoma 14. Painless bluish lum! (16mm) Fust inside then border of the $ermillion of the li! is li)ely a) smo)er )erathosis b) s1uamous cell carcinoma c) mucocelle5 d) fibroma e) fibro-e!itheliel !olyl 1<. ;y!er!lastic tissue formation after long time of immediate denture5all a) change the design b) -urgical interference c) Helie$e the flanges d) *s) the !atient to lea$e the denture out to rest the tissue 17. * !atient "ith the diagnosis of !em!higus $ulgaris "hich one of the follo"ing is used to confirm the diagnosis? a) x-ray b) antibodies in the serum c) immmunoflorescence5 ( great $alue in establishing the diagnosis of !hem!higus "hen clinical and microso!ic findings are inconclusi$e !resence of Ag, and sometimes in combination "ith E. Ag* and Ag@

1=. ;istologic !icture of lichen !lanus is? all +ote3 Cichen Planus small angular flat to!!ed !a!ules only a fe" mm in diameter An the early course of the disease the lesion a!!ears as red soon ta)e on a reddish !ur!le hue later a dirty bro"nish color. The center of the !a!ule may be slightly umbilicated Ats surface is co$ered by characteristic $ery fine grayish "hite lines called wickham striae can occur any"here on the s)in surface bt usually are distributed in a bilaterally symmetrical !attern un)no"n etiology. Usually seen in ner$ous high strung !erson is in$ariably the one in "hom the condition de$elo!s BemalesLmales 26 ' 76 years old !remalignant a) Para)erathosis hy!erortho)erathosis "ith thic)ening of the granular layer5 b) *canthosis "ith intracellular edema of the s!inous cells in some instances5 c) -a" tooth a!!earance of the rete !egs5 d) +ecrosis or li1uefaction degenearation of the basal layer cells5 e) Eolloid bodies or ci$atte bodies5 1?. Psoriasis ' aus!it&#s sign and sil$ery scale %6. !atient#s "ith sulfur granules - actinomycosis %1. What is the most common congenitally missing tooth a) lo"er second molar b) u!!er second molar c) maxillary lateral incisor 5 d) lo"er incisors e) lo"er second !remolar Hege&&i3 third molarsL second !remolars and maxillary lateral incisors %%. her!es "ill be transmitted by3 direct contact? a) blood and sali$a? b) -ali$a and li! c) 8lood and li! %.. +ot a !ossible sym!tom of s1uamous cell carcinoma. a) "art b) non-healing ulcer c) induration d) ele$ated margins e) fungulation f) !ain5 (!ainless da!at) note3 arises from e!idermal )eratinocytes sunlight damage also high !otential to metatasi&e to regional lym!h nodes males <Th decade of life asym!tomatic in early course lesions a!!ear as $errucous gro"ths !a!ules or !la1ues that can ulcerate later. Tx. -urgery and irridiation

%2. -1uamous cell carcinoma cannot in a sha!e of? a) ulcer b) raised le$el c) hard d) "art sha!e e) leu)o!la)ia5 can become cancerous (-1uamous Eell E.) %4. Which one of the follo"ing is not concerned to ha$e vesicle in the mouth? a) !em!higus $ulgaris b) her!es sim!lex c) a!thous stomatitis5 %<. * !atient follo"ing an extraction has an inFection at the nec) near the angle of the mandible ha$ing sulfur granules. a) *ctinomycosis5 b) *granulocytosis %7. Which is not included as a "hite lesion? a) fordyce granules5 - heterotro!ic collections of sebaceous glands small yello" s!ots b) -mo)er )eratosis can become malignant c) Ceu)oedema asym!tomatic symmetric in distribution and occurs in buccal mucosa a!!ears as a grey-"hite diffuse filmy or mil)y surface can become "rin)led or corrugated. Eannot be remo$e by a tongue de!ressor or cloth no treatment no malignant !otential no etiology d) Cichen !lanus %=. What is the characteristic feature of basal cell carcinoma? a. blood metastasis b. does not erode bone c. intensi$e in$ol$ement5 d. radioresistant note3 arises from the basal cells of the s)in lo" metastatic !otential sun ex!osure (UD light) and light com!lexion age 26 sun ex!osed s)in most common cancer of the head and nec) midface most common @enLBemale slo" gro"ing and rarely metastatic !rognosis is good. Tx is surgical and irridiation %?. a !atient "ith diagnosis of candida albican infection "hich one of the follo"ing used to confirm diagnosis? a) microsco!ic smear5 b) antibodies in the serum c) bacterial culture d) blood count e) serologic examination

.6. What is the significance of erosi$e lichen !lanus? a. high malignant !otential b. some malignant !otential5 .1. * .6 years old male com!lain of !ainless s"elling at the buccal mucosa. At has been !resent for about < months. ;e admits to !laying "ith it. ;e is concerned because this might re!resent cancer. The base is narro" most li)ely is 3 irritational fibroma +ote3 !ainless broad based s"elling that is lighter than the surrounding areas lac) of $ascular channels .%. The eru!ti$e cyst in an area of second molar in a % year old child "hat you "ill do3 d. obser$e5 - no treatment e. excise ... * 16 year old boy !resent "ith small grayish ' "hite lesion surrounded by a red halo on the soft !alate and tonsillar !illars small $esicles are found. The !atient has fe$er and !ain in the ear. /iagnosis is 3 ;er!angia +ote3 acute $iral infection (Eoxsac))ie ty!e * $irus) At is transmitted by contaminated sali$a and occationally through contaminated feces. Ehildren most common malaise fe$er dys!hagia and sore throat follo"ing a short incubation !eriod. -mall $esicles on the soft !alate faucial !illars and tonsils last less than a "ee) self limiting tx not re1uired. .2. Jeratotic lesion surrounded by cold "eb li)e line ' "ic)ham#s striae ( a!!ear as fine lace-li)e net on the buccal mucosa) /iagnosis is3 Cichen Planus .4. * !atient is com!laining of an o!en sore on the buccal mucosa. The lesion is !ainless ulcerated has indurated margin 1.4 cm in diameter co$ered by grayish"hite exudates. >nlarged lym!h nodes and tender. +egati$e tuberculin test. Positi$e serology 3 Ehancre ( !rimary lesion of -y!hilis) +ote3 -y!hilis is a $enereal disease. Eaused by s!irochete Tre!onema !allidum At is ac1uired through sexual contact "ith a !artner "ith acti$e lesions by transfusion of infected blood or by trans!lacental inoculation from an infected mother. Primary lesion forms at the site of s!irochete entry "ith the subse1uent de$elo!ment of !ainless non-su!!urati$e regional lym!hadeno!athy. The chancre heals after se$eral "ee)s "ithout tratnment lea$ing the !atient "ith no a!!arent sym!toms. *fter a latent !eriod secondary lesion (mucous !atches) de$elo!s An this stage there is "ide dessimination "ith fe$er flu li)e sym!tomsand mucocutaneous lesions a!!earing "ith s!irochetemia. Cy!hadeno!athy is ty!ical and other organs may be in$ol$ed. This resol$es also on its o"n and the !atient enters another latent !eriod. Tertiary or late stage sy!hilis de$elo!s. These !atients may ha$e central ner$ous system in$ol$ement(Tabes dorsales-locomotor ataxia) cardio$ascular lesion focal necrotic

inflammatory lesion(gummas) $omer ( saddle nose) anterior bone gro"th(saber shin). ;utchinson#s Triad 1) interstitial )eratitis %) =th ner$e deafness and .) dental abnormalities hutchinson#s incisors or mulberry molars (enamel organ). /efiniti$e diagnosis 1)dar)field microsco!y %) s!ecial sil$er stain of bio!sy and .)serological test of T. Pallidum. The treatment of choice in any stage is !enicillin .<. *n old male !resents and com!lain of ha$ing numerous "hite lesion in the oral ca$ity "ithin the !ast fe" days !rior to this family !hysician !rescribed chlortetracycline for an u!!er res!iratory infection the !atient ta)ing this antibiotic for !ast t"o "ee)s. Pla1ues on the li! mucosa buccal mucosa and tongue3 most li)ely to be @oniliasis or :ral Thrush or candidiasis .7. Eharacteristic of s1uamous cell carcinoma3 a. an alcoholic "ho smo)es5 b. "hite s)inned !eo!le ' basal cell carcinoma c. At reacts sim!ly to radio thera!y .=. ;o" can you differentiate a benign e!ithelial tumor from a carcinomatous one3 soft !a!illomatous mass not indurated or not fixed ( freely mo$able) and !edunculated .?. Bibrous gingi$al hy!er!lasia may be associated "ith3 reduced immune res!onse? Eause3 bacteria !la1ue and calculus "hich can be !otentiated by hormonal changes or drugs such as /ilantin.M +ifedi!in exaggerated res!onse of the gingi$al fibroblast. Treatment3 gingi$o!lasty or gingi$ectomy !lus !ro!hytlaxis and oral hygiene instructions. 26. Peg sha!ed teeth associated "ith anhydrotic ectodermal dys!lasia5 21. * cyst at the a!exof an u!!er central incisor measuring 1 cm in diameter is $isuali&ed in radiogra!h. You "ould ex!ect to remo$e this lesion a) 8y extraction of the central incisor ex!ecting the cyst attached to the a!ical end b) 8y exteriori&ing the cyst through the buccal bone and mucosa by marsu!iali&ation c) 8y ma)ing a muco!eriiosteal fla! and remo$ing the cyst through an o!ening made in the al$eolar bone5 d) 8y ma)ing a muco!eriosteal fla! and ma)ing a larger o!ening through the soc)et to remo$e the cyst +ote3 cysts of this si&e are not indicated for marsu!iali&ation and are too large to be retrie$ed through the o!ening in the soc)et. *n attem!t for remo$al in this manner "ill create excessi$e loss of al$eaolar bone and result in an irregual al$eolar ridge

2%. the common site of s1uamous cell carcinoma of the oral ca$ity a. tongue and floor of the mouth5 note3 Tongue (%4-269) Ci! (%4-.69) Bloor of the mouth (14-%69) 8uccal mucosa and gingi$al (169) and Palate (16-%69) 2.. He!eated stre!tocoocal infection occur because 3 there are many different serological grou!s and ty!es 22. Which of the follo"ing most common to reccur if not !ro!erly treated3 ,iant cell granuloma +ote3 bening tumor that !resent as solitary radiolucent lesion of the mandible or maxilla un)no" etiology children and young adults BemaleLmale !ainless ex!ansion of the Fa" !erforation is uncommon multilocular or unilocular Hx and dis!laced or resorbed teeth roots Tx -urgical "ith curettage and remo$al of !eri!heral bone because of high recurrence rate 24. ;y!odontia or *nodontia a. anhydrotic ectodermal dys!lasia5 b. /o"n#s syndrome 2<. Eharacter of malignant lesion is3 a. fixed5 b. mobile 27. -udden de$elo!ment of red "heal li)e distributed lesion on the oral mucosa ra!idly !rogress thin "alled $esicle 3 erythema multiforme +ote3 erythema multiforme un)no"n etiology but related to hy!ersensiti$ity reaction. acute self-limiting !rocess that affect the mucous membrane and s)in name is such because clinical a!!earance is $aried (macules !a!ules bullae and others) sym!tomatic treatment. 2=. * !atient "orried about small s!ots on the side of the tongue. The most !robabale to be is3 a. Boliate !a!illae5 b. Traumatic inFury 2?. Which of the follo"ing cysts cannot be diagnosed radiogra!hically a. +asolabial or nasoal$eolar cyst5 b. gobullomaxillary cyst note3 nasoal$eolar cyst are nonodontogenic cysts seen only in the maxilla and cannot be seen only in the maxilla and cannot be seen routinely on radiogra!hs

46. *+U, it is communicable? +ot communicable affect those "ith lo" resistance +ote3 s!irochete and fusiform bacteria !ain necrosis of the gingi$al margins cratering of the interdental !a!illae and a mar)ed bleeding tendency from the ulcerated tissue subFacent to the necrosis and co$ered by a !seudomembrane. *ge 14-.6 fe$er lym!hadeno!athy and malaise "ith the gingi$al lesion. /ifference "ith her!etic anug ulcers in the gingi$al "hile her!etic is in the mucosa and the fe$er is !rodromal or starts before lesion a!!ears unli)e anug together "ith fe$er. Tx local debridement diluted hydrogen !eroxide rinses and cleaning (floss and brush soft). 41. Eentral ,iant Eell granuloma can cause all exce!t? a) multilocular radiogra!hic a!!earance b) cotton "ool radiogra!hic a!!earance5 c) resor!tion of teeth d) dis!lacement of teeth e) ex!ansion of the Fa" bone "ith or "ithout !erforation of the cortical !late 4%. 8asal Eell carcinoma "ith cutaneous in$ol$ement 4.. s1uamous cell carcinoma ' metastasis ra!idly by blood yu! 42. ,ranuloma chronic abscess cyst "hich one is used to confirm diagnosis? a) bio!sy5 b) x-ray c) $itality test 44. ,ingi$al Eyst3 a. does not contain crystals b. contains fluids5 note3 odontogenic origin common in infants. :r called as >!stein#s Pearl (!alate midline not related to tooth forming tissues and 8ohn#s nodule along the al$eolar ridges related to sali$ary gland remnants "hite or off-"hite broad based nodule a!!roximately % mm in diameter. Tx non for infants "ill ru!ture for adults excision o$erlying e!ithelium. 4<. 8ranchial Eleft Eyst or lym!hoe!ithelial cyst3 a. As de$elo!mental in origin b. Was called a branchial cleft cyst c. As treated by surgical remo$al d. As often located at the anterior margins of the sternocleidomastiod muscle or lateral !ortion of the nec) +ote3 all statements correct. At is related to incom!lete obliteration of the branchial clefts that undergo cystic degeneration. can enlarge "hen infected. treatment surgical excsion.

47. -ta!hylococcus can cause3 a. sy!hilis b. scarlamia c. !neumonia5 d. meningitis5 e. se!ticemia5 f. osteomylitis5 4=. the best diagnosis for !em!higus3 (+i)ols)y sign) a. T&ancs cells b. histological immunoflorecence5 4?. Antraoral $esicles are seen in "hich of the follo"ing lesions? a. !em!higoid b. her!etic stomatistis5 c. lichen !lanus <6. /iagnosis in !em!higus- t&an) cells <1. * !atient com!lains intermittent s"elling on the floor of the mouth. The diagnosis is3 a) dermoid cyst b) sialadenitis5 <%. *bsence of teeth "ill cause a) !re$ent the de$elo!ment of al$eolar bone5 b) !re$ents the de$elo!ment of the mandible <.. *ngular cheilitis in edentulous full denture !atient is due to a) decrease $ertical dimension5 b) $it. 8 deficiency c) Aron deficiency <2. Hecurrent her!es sim!lex is caused by ' her!es sim!lex $irus5 <4. *meloblastoma is found most often in the a) hard !alate b) soft !alate c) anterior maxilla d) maxillary molar region e) mandibular molar region5 note3 in =1 !ercent of the cases the ameloblastoma is located in the mandible "hile 1? 9 are found in the maxilla. An the mandible 76 9 are located in the molar region

<<. The most significant sign of malignant tunor in the mandible? a) Parastesia5 b) 8leeding5 c) !ain5 d) fixed5 <7. The most common carcinoma of the oral ca$ity? a) s1uamous cell carcinoma5 b) basl cell carcinoma c) lym!hosarcoma d) ameloblastoma <=. Which one of the follo"ing lesions is not included? a) fordyces granules5 b) smo)es )eratosis c) leu)oedema d) lichen !lanus e) chemical burns <?. /entigerous cyst ' reduced enamel e!ithelium 76. What is not the characteristic for cancerous of mouth? a) >le$ation5 b) fixation c) in$asion d) !ain 71. @yxoma ( 8enign intraosseous neo!lasm) characteri&ed by3 - numerous small radiolucencies dis!laced teeth - hy!othyroidism - or hy!erthyroidism? - -lo" gro"ing asym!tomatic submucosal mass - +o gender !redilection - *ny age - Palate most commonly affected - Coo)s li)e a mucoceles benign surgical treatment 7%. * bluish nodule 16 mm in diameter near the commissure of the lo"er i! /iagnosis a) mucocelle5 b) fibroma c) li!oma +ote3 Earcinoma ' malignant e!ithelial tumor -arcomas ' malignant tumor of the mesencymal origin

Oral Medicine 1. * !atient has a fainting s!ells the signs are NNNNface "ea) !ulse $ery moist s)in shallo" res!iration a) 1 ml adrenaline subcutanously b) mouth to mouth res!iration c) nitroglycerine sublingual d) recumbent !osition5 +ote3 -ynco!e follo"ing a local anesthesia inFection is best managed by !lacing the !atient in the su!ine !osition and administering3 :xygen. -ynco!e is !sychogenic in origin and usually controlled by a calm a!!roach and use of su!!lemental oxygen. This is caused by decreased blood flo" to the brain because of dro! in blood !ressure associated "ith $asodilation and an increase in the !eri!heral $ascular bed. %. * !atient had )idney stones remo$al % years ago a radioluscent area is disco$ered recently diagnosis a) insufficient renal b) hy!er!arathyroidism5 c) hy!o!arathyroidiam d) hy!erthyroidism +ote3 Problem "ith calcium 8one resor!tion x-rays of the Fa"s in the !atients "ith hy!er!arathyriodism may ha$e a ground glass a!!earance li)e in fibrous dys!lasia .. Diral ;e!atitis is )no"n as ;e!atitis * ;e!atitis 8 and +on-* +on-8 ;e!atitis "hich of the follo"ing is related to this statement? a) ;e!atitis * and 8 are communicable and non * non 8 is not communicable b) ;e!atitis * 8 and non * non8 are communicable? c) ;e!atitis * and 8 are not communicable only non-* non8 is communicable 2. * !atient "ith sym!toms )a!osi sarcoma oral candidosis sore throat and se$ere recurrent her!es sim!lex "hich one of the follo"ing is correct? a) *A/-5 b) ;e!atitis c) *granulocytosis 4. *cute-onset diabetes is usually best controlled by3 a) glucagons b) insulin5 c) diet d) chlor!ro!amide (/iabinase) e) !henformin

note3 *lmost all !atients "ith acute-onset or Fu$enile diabetes re1uire thera!y "ith insulin for ade1uate control <. @aturity diabetes is !robably best controlled by3 a) glucagons b) insulin c) diet5 d) chlor!ro!amide note3 @aturity or adult onset diabetes is !robably best managed by !ro!erly s!aced controlled diet. :ral hy!oglycemia are indicated if controlled diet is inade1uateG only about %6 !er cent of adult-onset diabetes re1uire insulin 7. >xtraction of four teeth is re1uired in a <4 year old diabetic female "ho has had her morning insulin. Preo!erati$e instructions should include3 a) do not eat or ta)e any medication by mouth !rior to surgery b) maintain normal diet5 c) increase medications !re-o!erati$ely d) incresase sugar inta)e !rior to surgery note3 Patient should ha$e maintain a normal diet to !re$ent hy!oglycemia =. *n odor of acetone on one#s breath should direct sus!icion to3 diabetes mellitus ?. Your !atient states that he has recently become excessi$ely thirsty hungry and arises at night se$eral times to urinate. ;is most !robable diagnosis is3 a) chronic renal failure b) diabetes mellitus5 c) acute dehydration d) congesti$e heart failure e) none of the abo$e note3 !reo!erati$e urinalysis and blood sugar may re$eal uncontrolled diabetes mellitus 16. * diabetic !atient in the dental chair suddenly becomes agitated and his beha$ior changed his s)in and mouth are moist and had a full !ulse blood !ressure is 146M=6 his breath is shallo" "hich of the follo"ing is li)ely to hel! him? a) administer 6% b) !lace him in su!ine !osition c) tem!orary sus!end treatment to allo" reco$ery d) gi$e glucose by mouth5 e) gi$e inFection of insulin 11. Eardiac massage ' go !er minute 1%. Eardiac com!ression ' <6 times !er minute

1.. /iscoloration of the s)in and mucous membrane of the mouth ' addison#s disease +ote3 characteri&ed by 1) "ea)ness %) !igmentation of the s)in and mucous membranes .) $omiting and 2) hy!otension. :ral findings3 macular areas of bro"n !igmentation. This disease is due to !rimary adrenal insufficiency. The !igmentation is su!!osedly caused by an increased !roduction of the melanocyte-stimulatng hormone 12. *n elderly !atient "ith sudden attac) of !ain by stimulation of a trigger &one. Which one of the follo"ing is correct? a) trigeminal neuralgia5 b) her!es &oster c) migraine d) migranous neuralgia 14. Parestheisa of the lo"er li! "e sus!ect a) metastasis of the malignant tumor in the mandible5 b) fracture of the !remolar area 1<. * !atient "as blo"ed at the chin "hen he o!ens his mouth it de$iates to the left side. /iagnosis is? a) Bracture of the nec) of condyle on the left5 b) Bracture of the nec) of the condyle on the right c) Bracture of the body of the mandible d) +ear the angle of the mandible5 e) *t the mandibular sym!hysis f) An the maxillary antrum g) *ny"here in the Fa" 17. The treatment of fibrous dys!lasia3 a) excision "ith the adFacent teeth in$ol$ed b) incision but the lesion is too big limited excision because of cosmetic reason5 c) radiation note3 non-neo!lastic follo"ing a $ariable !eriod of gro"th fibrous dys!lasia fre1uentl stabili&es or slo"s considerably after the onset of !uberty. -mall lesions may re1uire no treatment. Carge lesions that ha$e cosmetic or functional deformity may be treated through a !rocess of osseous recontouring. 1=. 8leeding tendency usually occurs in a) cirrhosis of the li$er5 b) hy!ertension c) cardiac failure 1?. The most reliable diagnosis of trigeminal neuralgia a) history5 b) clinical examination

%6. *n 1= year old female had enamel erosion on the lingual surface of most of her teeth subFect to eating binges and sometimes consumed 4666 to 7666 JcalMday "hat might be her !roblem? 8ulimia %1. When the !atient is on steroid thera!y you send him to the !hysician for a clearance because3 a) undermined adrenal cortex5 b) difficulty in healing c) to use an anesthesia "ith $asoconstriction note3 steroids may cause su!!ression of the adrenal cortex. Preo!erati$e steroid administration may be necessary to !re$ent adrenal crisis. %%. Patient "ith cancer associated syndrome a) Pierre 'robin syndrome 0 micrognathia glosso!tosis and high arched or cleft !alate b) Plummer Dinson syndrome5 c) Turners syndrome0 no!e Turner#s syndrome hy!o!lastic enamel in the !ermanent teeth due to an infection or trauma to the !rimary teeth d) Water syndrome 0 none +ote3 the only nutritional !roblem that has been associated "ith oral cancer is iron deficiency associated "ith Plummer-Dinson syndrome "hich ty!ically affects middleaged female. The syndrome com!onents include a !ainful red tongue mucosal atro!hy dys!hagia and a !redis!osition to the de$elo!ment of oral s1uamous cell carcinoma. %.. * !atient follo"ing an extraction has an infection at the nec) near the angle of the mandible ha$ing sulfur granules a) *ctinomycosis5 b) agranulocytosis %2. Which one of the follo"ing is not concerned to ha$e $esicles in the mouth a) !em!higus $ulgaris b) her!es sim!lex c) a!thous stomatitis5 %4. -ym!toms of -Fogren#s syndrome - -erostomia dry mouth - Hheumatoid arthritis - conFuncti$itis dry eyes note3 dental tx artificial sali$a and artificial tears and scru!ulous oral hygiene.

%<. * 16 years old child "ith se$ere sore throat s"elling of the articulation of the legs3 /iagnosis3 Hechec) a. rheumatoid arthritis b. rhematic fe$er? %7. -erum -ic)ness ' antibody mediated (humoral) immune reaction %=. Ealcium and !hos!horus in bone3 :@ (chec)) a. body su!!ly them from bone "hene$er needs by "hich mechanisms5 %?. *ngioneurotic edema3 s"ollen face !iffiness around the eyes edema of u!!er li! "ith redness and dryness caused by se$eral dee! silicate restoration in anterior teeth no caries negati$e thermal test negati$e !ercussion negati$e !ala!ation negati$e !ain negati$e rarefaction. +ormal !atient#s tem!arature. Elean bill of health

@edical Problems

1. 8ilateral bone ex!ansion in a child3 cherubism5 %. ;utchinson#s syndrome3 a) enamel hy!o!lasia of anterior teeth b) mulberry molars .. ;igh sedimentation rate ? a) indication that there is an infection else "here 2. a !atient "ith bro"n discoloration (macules) in the $estible3 a) addison#s disease 4. OcafP-au-laitQ s!ots can be seen in a) $on rec)linghausen#s (neurofibromatosis) b) *lbright#s syndrome ( !olyostotic fibrous dys!lasia) c) @en AAA (@ucosal +euromas of @ulti!le >ndocrine +eo!lasia -yndrome Ty!e AAA) d) *ll of the abo$e5 <. Patient com!laining of !aroxysmal !ain behind left eye ("atery eyes) diagnosis is3 cluster headache

7. The most common sta!hylococcus infection is3 a) a locali&ed !urulent infection of the s)in5 b) a diffuse !urulent infection of the s)in c) sta!hylococcal osteomyelitis d) im!etigo =. sta!hylococcal infections !roduce3 a) meningitis5 b) se!ticemia5 c) !neumonia5 d) osteomylitis5 ?. leu)emic !atient in the dental treatment you are a"are of3 a) anemia b) infection ' 769 of !x die of infection 16. * 14 year old "hite male !resents "ith a com!laint of s"ollen and bleeding gingi$ae for the !ast se$eral days. :n the morning of examination his mother became alarmed "hen she noted blood on his !illo" and his mouth. ;e ga$e a history of generali&ed body !ain malaise and recent "iegth loss. >xamination re$ealed !etechial hemorrhages on the flexor surfaces of both arms ecchymotic areas on his left chee) and right lo"er li! and bilateral cer$ical lym!hadeno!athy. :ral examination re$ealed soft s!ongy tumor li)e !roliferation of the gingi$al su!erficial ulcerations of some of the enlarged gingi$al !a!illae hemorrhage around some of the gingi$al !a!illae hemorrhage around some of the gingi$al sulcus loose clots in some of the interdental areas of the maxillary and mandibular !remolars and dental calculi. The most !robable diagnosis is3 a) acute myelogenous leu)emia5 b) /ilantin gingi$al hy!er!lasia c) +ecroti&ing ulcerati$e gngi$ostomatitis d) Puberty gingi$itis +ote3 leu)emic cells tend to infiltrate into gingi$al tissue "hich causes gingi$al enlargement. The !etechial hemorrhages and ecchymosis are due to thrombocyto!enia because of su!!ression in the !roduction of !latetlets.* differential "hite blood count aids in a definiti$e diagnosis. 11. The !rimary sy!hilis lesion in oral ca$ity - chancres contain T. Pallidum 1%. a 1% year old boy has a history of se$ere sore-throat follo"ed by migsatery arthralgia and s"ollen Foints of the extremities. The history is suggesti$e of a) gout b) osteoarthritis c) serum sic)ness

d) rheumatic fe$er? e) rheumatoid arthritis? 1.. Which of the follo"ing is most a!!ro!riate initial treatment for a !atient "ith ;AD ' associated necroti&ing ulcerati$e gingi$itis? a) debridement and antimicrobial rinses5 b) definiti$e root !lanning and curretage c) administration of antibiotics d) gingi$ectomy and gingi$o!lasty 12. 8lac) hairy tongueG certain structure become enlarged3 a) !roliferation of filliform !a!illa5 b) !roliferation of fungiform !a!illa 14. * young female !atient !resented "ith throbbing !ain in theleft lo"er !osterior Fa" "ith trismus and associated lym!hadeno!athy. /iagnosis is ' !ericoronitis ("ith systemic and local signs) 1<. * !atient !resents "ith a finger li)e fibrous NNN on buccal mucosa and constantly !laying "ith it3 irritational fibroma 17. * ten year old boy !resents "ith small yello"ish "hite lesions surrounded by a red halo on the soft !alate and fauceal !illars. -mall $esicles are also found. The !atient has fe$er and !ain in the ear. /iagnosis3 a) secondary her!etic stomatitis b) her!angina5 1=. *n ulcer "ith indurated margins 1 cm in si&e co$ered by a yello"ish "hite membreane. Tuberculin test negati$e but "ith !ositi$e serology a) can)er sore b) chancre5 c) mucous !atch d) carcinoma 1?. An the cardio!ulmonary resuscitation ' cylinder#s oxygen is better than mouth to mouth breath ( it increases the cardiac out!ut by .6 ml) ? %6. Triangle of Trigeminal +euralgia? a) Elinical examination5 b) ;istory5 c) Coss of Bunction d) Trigger Kone5 +ote3 An order to ma)e a diagnosis of trigeminal neuralgia the follo"ing must be !resent3 a) a trigger &one b) intermittent !aroxysms of !ain along one or more di$isions of the trigeminal ner$e and c) no abnormal neurologic finding exce!t the tic.

%1. An the dental chair the !atient became cyanotic3 - gi$e oxygen till the arri$al of an ambulance team %%. * !atient gi$es a history of breathlessness on exercise a"a)ening from dee! slee! due to shortness of breath. ;e cannot lie do"n in the dental chair for more than 16-14 minutes before he must sit u! to catch his breath. The most li)ely cause of this condition is3 a) congesti$e heart failure5 %.. 8ranchial cleft cyst location is3 side of nec) anterior border of strenocleidomastoid %2. /es1uamati$e gingi$itis3 ni)ols)y sign - can be caused by mucous mebrane !em!higoid %4. +ormal $alues H8E 0 4.2(M- 6.= x 1 666 666 cu mm (adult man ) H8E 0 2.=(M- 6.< x 1 666 666 cu mm (adult female) ;emoglobinometry is 1< (M- % gM166 ml (men) ;emoglobinomtry is 12 (M- % gM166 ml (female) ;ematocrit range .7- 27 9 "omen ;ematocrit range 2% ' 4% 9 men 8leeding time (/u)es method) 1-< minutes Elotting time ( lee-"hite method) 2-1% minutes PTT 0 hemo!hiliac states normal is 24 secs or less PT 0 li$er !roblem .6-26 secs Eirculating leucocytes 0 4666 16 666 cellsM cu mm leucocytosis infection occurring eosino!hilic increase !arasitic or allergic reaction increase monocytes tuberculosis etc

%<. -edimentation erythrocyte rate ->H is high3 this suggest !resenc of an infection some"here in the body. *s the acti$ity of a chonic infectious disease increases the s!eed of sedimentation also increases. %7. White blood cell count o$er 166 666 ? - increase eosino!hile and neutro!hil most li)ely the !atient is suffering from leu)emia %=. /iabetic !atient in your clinic suddenly becomes !ale "et moist and !ale s)in shallo" res!iration 8P 146M=6 ' gi$e sugar %?. >!ile!tic !atient "ith a scar in tongue

.6. carcinoma of tongue characteri&ed by ' asym!tomatic at first but can become sym!tomatic es!ecially "hen secondarily infected .1. Which lym!h nodes are in$ol$ed in carcinoma of the lo"er li! a) submental lym!h nodes5 note3 usually affect the i!silateral lym!h node of the submental aor maxillary and if near the center can affect contralateral lym!h node .%. Ehildren born "ith cleft !alat micrognathia and glosso!tosis a) chiticdisease b) Treacher collin#s syndrome or mandibulofacial dysostosis +ote3 8ird li)e or fish li)e $arying hy!o!lasia of the mandible maxilla &ygomatic !rocess of the tem!oral bone and external and middle ear c) Pierre Hobin syndrome5 micrognathia mandibular hy!o!lasia u-sha!ed cleft !alate or high arched glosso!tosis ... Ceast causes of xerostomia a) -Fogren -yndrome b) -ubmandibular sialolith c) -enility d) >motional stress5 .2. Poisoning "ith fluoride ($omiting) treated by3 mil) (calcium content) .4. Ancidence of malignancy of leu)o!la)ia a) 69 b) 49 c) 1-295 d) none of the abo$e .<. Which syndrome include3 candidiasis loss of "eight !neumonia and lym!hadenitis- *A/.7. /iabetic !atients ' gi$e glucose by mouth in case of hy!oglycemia .=. You sus!ect cardiac arrest "hich of the follo"ing statement#s incorrect3 a) !ositi$e !ressure res!irations b) chec) if !atient is really ha$ing cardiac arrest eg !ulse consciousness etc. .?. * !atient "hose hands feel "arm and moist is more li)ely to be suffering from "hich of the follo"ing consition? a) anxiety b) congenital cardiac failure c) thyrotoxicosis5 d) metallic !oisoning e) cachescia

26. :steogenesis Am!erfecta or 8rittle 8one /isease a) 8lue sclera5 b) /eafness conducti$e hearing loss5 c) :steo!orosis5 d) 8one fragility5 e) /entinogenesis im!erfecta5 blue bro"n or amber discoloration of the teeth !rimary more affected than !ermanent 21. ;er!angina - acute $iral infection caused by grou! * coxsac)ie $irus fe$er malaise headache $omiting and intraoral lesions 2%. @ain site of s1uamous cell carcinoma ' tongue and floor of the mouth 2.. Cichen !lanus ' cob "eb a!!earance (Jeratotic lesion) 22. @ucous !em!hygoid ' affects the eye? 24. ranula ' cyst in the floor of the mouth 2<. acute gingi$al hy!ertro!hy 27. ;e!a 8 ( - sterili&e clean instruments then sterili&e again 2=. Trigeminal +ueralgia ' lancating !ain $ital teeth !ain in !osterior lo"er Fa" 2?. 8ulimia ' erosion tooth loss of u!!er anterioir due to ram!ant caries 46. @etastasis from the tongue ' through blood stream 41. 8enign >!i. +eo!lasm ' exo!ytic !edunculated relati$ely soft mass freely mo$able 4%. 8asal cell carcinoma ' characteri&ed by infitrati$e cutaneous in$ol$ement yu! A guess 4.. chancre ' com!laining of o!en soars or ulcers on 8. @ucosa !ainless ulcerated 42. /o"n syndrome or Trisomy %1- mental retardation congenital heart disease .6249 Hes!i !roblems common leu)emia !ossible tongue fissured macroglossia !rotruding tongue !eriodontal disease common eru!tion of !rimary and !ermanent delayed eru!tion se1uence different hy!odontia microdontia macroglossia.

44. Bibrous ,ingi$al ;y!er!lasia ' may be associated "ith de!ressed immune res!onses? 4<. *nhydrotic >ctodermal /ys!lasia ' Peg sha!ed teeth 47. An "hich condition is there dryness of s)in brittle nails and congenitally missing !rimary and !ermanent teeth a) erythema multiforme b) ectodermal dys!lasia5 c) cleidocranial dysostosis d) Pierre-Hobin -yndrome e) :steogenesis Am!erfecta +ote3>ctodermal dys!lasia affects tissues deri$ed from ectoderm including teeth hair nails and s"eat glands. 4=. Phem!higus Dulgaris ' not a sube!ithelial lesion 4?. *ll of the follo"ing include $esicles exce!t ' *!thous ulcer <6. Paget#s disease ' Ancrease al)aline !hos!hatase <1. An the early stage of Paget#s disease the !atient is $ery healthy. The laboratory findings in the !atient#s serum is a) normal ca le$el normal P; le$el normal al)alin P; b) ;igh ca Ce$el high !h le$el high al)aline !h c) +ormal ca le$el normal !h le$els high al)aline !hos!hotase5 d) ;igh ca le$el high !hh le$el lo" al)aline !h le$els <%. ;y!er!arathyroidism ' no bro"n !igmentation +ote3 increase le$el of !arathromone and hy!ercalcemia. >tiology un)no" but common in !ostmeno!ausal "omen. >arly sym!toms include fatigue "ea)ness nausea anorexia !olyuria thirst de!ression and consti!ation. Bre1uently bone !ain and headaches are !resent. -tones (renal) resor!tion (bone) ,AT (!e!tic ulcer) enurologic manifestation if high calcium in blood :ral ' "ell-defined cystic radiolucencies of the Fa" "hich may be monolocular or multilocular loosening of teeth cortical thinning !artial loss of lamina dura bro"n tumor nat s)in !igmentation. Tx surgical <.. What is the ty!ical features of Cichen !lanus a) sa"tooth rete !egs5 ( is formed but not a ty!ical feature) b) band of lym!hocytes c) immunofluorescence of li1uefied layer

<2. /enture stomatitis is treated "ith a) am!hotericin5 b) tetracycline lo&enges c) mycostatin5 <4. Which drug is s!ecific for trigemFnal neuralgia? a) dia&e!am b) carbame&e!ine (tegretol)5 c) ergotamine d) !henytoin <<. The radiogra!hic a!!earance of the initial stage of !aget#s disease is said to resemble 3 a) cotton "ool ' in late stage b) ground glass5 c) orange !eel ' gingi$al d) beaten co!!er "ire e) mosaic ' histology <7. *meloblastoma in x-ray 0 soa! bubbles <=. @outh to mouth breathing - L 16-1% times <?. Which of the follo"ing is not a "hite lesion3 a) Bordyce granules ' creamy yello" b) Ceu)oedema c) Cichen !lanus d) Ehemical burns e) -mo)er#s )eratosis 76. /iagnosis of :ral Eandidiasis is best confirmed by a) microsco!ic examination of smear5 b) bio!sy c) blood count 71. @ost common malignant lesion of the oral ca$ities3 a) ameloblastoma (bening odontogenic tumor) b) osteogenic sarcoma c) s1uamous cell carcinoma5 7%. *meloblastoma occurs most fre1uently a) near the angle of the mandible5 b) in the maxilla c) at the mandibular symm!hysis d) any"here in the Fa"

7.. Treatment of fibrous dys!lasia consists of a) resection of bone in$ol$ed b) excision or if large cosmetic reduction by limited surgery5 c) irradiation d) curettage e) excision of lesion and remo$al of adFacent teeth 72. * !atient "ith long standing rheumatoid arthritis and a history of steroid thera!y until a "ee) ago !resents for multi!le extractions. The dentist should consult the !atient#s !hysician because the !atient3 a) "ill be more susce!tible to infection b) may ha$e a su!!ressed adrenal cortex5 c) "ill need haematological e$aluation 74. * !atient com!lains of headache "atery eyes a"a)e him at night ' cluster headache 7<. * !atient "ith Don Willebrand#s /isease (Platelet adhisi$eness !roblem and factor = le$els) should be treated "ith the same regime as for3 a) congenital cardiac disease b) haemo!lillia5 re!lacement of missing factors before exo c) rheumatic fe$er 77. *n oral !rodromal sign of rubella (german measles terratogenic) is (!etechi ' forcheimies s!ots? rashes) a) Bordyse granules b) Jo!li)#s s!ots ' sign of Hubeola c) ,eogra!hic tongue d) +one of the abo$e5 7=. * !atient 24 year-old a"o)e "ith s"ollen face edema around his eyes and the u!!er li! "hen he "ent to bed the s"elling disa!!eared. >xamination re$eals se$eral dee! silicate cement fillings on the anterior teeth. The sus!ected diagnosis is3 a) angioneurotic edema5 b) acute a!ical abscess 7?. * !atient has a s"elling on his u!!er li! corner of the nose and under his eye fluctuant soft tissue under his li! high tem!eratures. The first thing to do after ta)ing the !atient#s history is3 a) ta)e radiogra!h and test the related teeth for $itality5 b) refer the !atient to a !hysician =6. +ormal 8P for a !atient .4 years old is? 1.6M=6

=1. /elayed eru!tion of teeth most li)ely occur a) Hic)ets Dit / deficiency5 b) Eretinism5 c) Eleidocranial dys!lasia5 =%. *n adult "ith history of bacterial endocarditis re1uires !ro!hylactic administration of an antibiotic !rior to remo$al of teeth. Andicate the !re-o!erati$e regimen you !referG a) amoxicillin 466 mg 1 hr before treatment( before they used to gi$e R gm but no" a days . grams 1 hr b2 tx)5 b) !enicillin D %46 mg orally < hours for 1 day before tx c) tatrecycline %46 mg-466 mg orally % hours before tx. =.. * 2 years old girl com!laining of sore mouth the !atient has !ainful cer$ical lym!hadenitis and a tem!erature of .? degrees. :ral examination sho"s numerous yello" gray lesion "ith re margins on the !alate tongue and gingi$al. What is the most li)ely to be3 a) measles b) erythema multiforme c) her!etic gingi$ostomatitis5 d) ste$ens-Foohnson syndrome =2. The causati$e microorganism of ;er!etic gingi$ostomatitis is a) her!es sim!lex bacterium b) her!es sim!lex $irus5 c) her!es &oster $irus d) borellia $incentii =4. -1uamous cell carcinoma of the lo"er li! causes s"elling a) submental lym!h nodes5 b) submandibular lym!h nodes =<. Earcinoma of tongue is characteri&ed by3 !ain and !ain in s"allo"ing if se$ere usually asym!tomatic =7. * lesion not found in e!ithelium (intrae!ithelim) a) erythema multiforme b) lichen !lanus c) !em!hygus $ulgaris5 ni)ols)y sign d) her!etic stomatitis ==. The se$ere com!lication in the s!read of infection of the maxillary canine3 a) ca$ernous sinus thrombosis5 b) cellulites c) damage of the orbital ner$e

=?. *fter treatment by radiation all the follo"ing can ha!!en exce!t a) dry mouth b) caries c) increase sali$a5 d) osteoradionecrosis ?6. * boy com!lains of itching sensation on the u!!er li!. ;e says it occurred .-2 times a year. Which one of the follo"ing is correct3 a) recurrent her!es sim!lex5 b) recurrent a!thous stomatitis ?1. Ha!id s"elling of the !arotid gland "ith !ain in the adult !atient a) malignancy b) sialoadenitis5 c) sialolithiasis ?%. -Foren#s -yndrome is characteri&ed by all exce!t3 a) oral ulceration5 b) xerostomia c) dry eyes d) arthritis ?.. Antermitent unilateral s"elling in the floor of the mouth a) her!es sim!lex b) chronic abscess !eria!ical5 c) sialolith5 d) dermoid cyst?- not intermittent s"elling floor of mouth ?2. Af the follo"ing the finding most constantly !resent in systemic infection is? a) in$ol$ement of regional lym!h nodes b) formation of abscess c) cellulites d) fe$er5 ?4. Coss of sensation in lo"er li! may be !roduced by a) 8ell#s !alsy5 muscular !aralysis droo!ing of corner of mouth "atering of eyes "in)ing of eyes b) @etastatic malignancy? c) Trigeminal +euralgia d) Bracture ?<. :ral mucosa and NNNNN !igmentation occurs in !atient "ith3 a) *dissons disease b) @ulti!le myeloma c) /iabetes mellitus

?7. An the !athological !rocess called osteoradionecrosis "hich of the follo"ing factors in$ol$ed? a) radiation infection and medication b) radiation trauma infection5 c) radiation infection and drug side effects d) allergy bacterial toxins and trauma ?=. Treatment of osteoradionecrosis is? a) antibiotic thera!y b) conser$ati$e teatment antibiotic and se1uestrectomy and resection of Ia" segment5 c) conser$ati$e thera!y ??. * diabetic !atient in the dental chair suddenly becomes agitated and her baha$ior changed her s)in and mouth are moist and and a full !ulse blood !ressure is 146M=6. ;is breathing is shallo" "hich of the follo"ing is li)ely to hel! him? a) administer :% b) !lace him in su!ine !osition c) tem!orary sus!end treatment to allo" reco$ery d) gi$e glucose by mouth5 e) gi$e inFection of insulin 166. /iscoloration of the s)in and mucous membrane of mouth ' *ddison#s disease 161. Painful sali$ary gland are most li)ely to be indicati$e of a) mucocele b) mum!s5 c) sFogren#s syndrome

16%. * !atient "ith acetone odour of the breath should be sus!ected of suffering from a) heart disease b) li$er damage c) diabetes5 16.. *!!roximate incidence of transformation of oral leu)o!la)ia to s1uamous cell carcinoma is a) 169 b) %9 c) 1-49 a!!roximately 295 d) %=9 e) 1669

162. a) b) c) d) e)

"hich of the follo"ing is the most common oral malignancy ameloblastoma osteogenic sarcoma basal cell carcinoma s1uamous cell carcinoma5 mixed sali$ary gland tumor

164. !atient has "ea) !ulse cold hands cyanosis immediate or emergency management a) trandelenberg !osition5 b) adrenaline c) call a !hysiciam d) administer glucose 16<. exce!t a) b) c) d) e) *ll of the follo"ing are considered !remalignant lesions of oral ca$ity erythema migrans5 smo)er#s )eratosis chronic hy!er!lastic candidosis s!ec)led leu)o!la)ia erythro!la)ia

167. /uring routine dental treatment your !atient becomes lightheaded dia!horetic and unconscious diagnosis is? a) -ynco!e5 b) acute allergic reaction 16=. a) b) c) d) 16?. a) b) c) d) 116. a) b) c) d) e) Which is not a sign of s1uamous cell carcinoma? ulceration hardness ele$ation !ain5 -Fogren#s syndrome (more than one) oral ulcers xerostomia5 dry eyes5 arthritis5 Eheilitis the most li)ely cause is3 $itamin 8 deficiency5 trauma5 allergic or toxic reaction5 a closed $ertical dimension5 im!ro!er balance of occlusion

note3 Eheilosis- Ditamin 8 deficiency 111. a < year old child "ho had a history of !rimary heres sim!lex got a recurrent infection. What is the li)ely cause3 recurrent her!es ' because of decrease inmmune res!onse. 11%. a) b) c) d) *cute !yogenic bacterial inFection may result in buso!enia yusto!enia beucomytosis5? bim!hocytosis5?

11.. Pro!hylactic administration of antibiotic is indicated in !atient before oral surgery "ith a) her!es sim!lex b) "hoo!ing cough c) bacterial endocardities5 112. Premedication is gi$en !receding general anesthesia for the follo"ing reason (more than one) ? a) allay a!!rehension and induce degree of amnesia !receding anesthetic5 b) de!ress reflex irritability c) lessen metabolic acti$ity 114. a) b) c) d) e) 11<. 117. a) b) c) d) e) 11=. 8io!sy is least useful in "hich of the follo"ing lesions geogra!hic tongue5 a!thous ulcers )eratocyst giant cell re!arati$e granuloma myxoma erythema multiforme - target lesion (iris or "heal lesion) s1uamous cell carcinoma cannot be in a sha!e of ulcer raised le$el hard "art sha!e leu)o!la)ia5

Patient "ho faints blands slo" !ulse. The treatment should be3 a) !lace the !atient inrecumbent !osition5 b) gi$e sugar to !atient

11?. a !atient follo"ing an extraction has an inFection at the nec) near the angle of the mandible ha$ing sulfur granules a) actinomycosis5 b) agranulocytosis 1%6. Which one of the follo"ing is not concerned to ha$e $esicle in the mouth a) !em!hygus $ulgaris b) her!es sim!lex c) a!thous stomatitis5 * !atient "ith fracture of maxillary facial the first consideration is3 a) !reser$ation of air"ay5 b) sto!!ing the flo" of cerebral fluid c) sto!!ing the bleeding Hecurrent ;er!es -im!lex is caused by a) $irus her!es sim!lex5 b) s!irochetes c) fusobacterium

1%1.

1%%.

1%.. *n old female diabetic !resents to you "ith "hite !atches on tongue using tetracycline for the !ast "ee)s for Ostre! throatQ /iagnosis is a) leu)o!la)ia b) moniliasis5 1%2. a) b) c) d) Eharacteristic of s1uamous cell carcinoma3 an alcoholic "ho smo)es5 "hite s)inned !eo!le it react fa$orably to radio thera!y rare in australia

1%4. ;o" can you differentiate a benign e!ithelial lesion from a carcinomatous one? soft !a!illomatous mass not indurated freely mo$able and !edunculated 1%<. What is the characteristic feature of gingi$itis on *A/- !atient a) * red band on the free gingi$al "ith associated !latlet b) Eorrelating "ith other !athogenic lesions of *ids What is the characteristic feature of basal cell carcinoma? a) blood metastasis - rare b) does not erode bone - "rong c) cutaneaous in$ol$ement5 d) radioresistant - "rong noteG most common cancer of head and nec) difference "ith s1uamous E.E. is its lo" metastasis !otential

1%7.

1%=. * !atient#s )idney stone had been remo$ed % years ago. * radiolucent area has been disco$ered in the Fa" recently. /iagnosis a) insufficient renal? b) hy!er!arathyroidism c) hy!o!aratthyroidism d) hy!erthyroidism 1%?. 1.6. ;er!angina is caused by3coxac)ie $irus (Ty!e % . 2 4 = ? 16) Desicle in u!!er li! !receded by itching for the .rd time is a) im!etigo b) her!es sim!lex5 c) her!es &oster a) b) c) d) e) 1.%. a) b) c) d) /iagnostic of !em!higus $ulgaris t&an) cell test dose of corticosteriod test of antibody titre histologic immunofluoresence examination5 neurologic test for auto-antibodies Ceu)o!la1uia maligina" in 69 %9 495 %=9 :ral -urgery 1. Which of the follo"ing are used as an anti$iral agents a) glutaraldehyde5 b) sodium hydrocloride (@ilton#s solution)5 c) iodine in 769 alcohol5 d) chlorhexidine e) iodoform %. * !atient "ith fracture of maxillo-facial the first thing to do is? a) !reser$ation of the air"ay5 b) sto! the flo" of the cerebral fluid c) sto! the bleeding .. What is the mode of action of autocla$ing?moist heat sterili&ation ' !rotein denaturation5

1.1.

2. The autocla$e is !ro!erly o!erated to sterili&e at a tem!erature of 1%1oE (%46oB) for 14 minutes 4. /ry heat sterili&ation )ills microorganism by a) oxidation of fatty acids in the membrane b) hydrolysis of /+* c) denaturation of !rotein5 d) hydrolysis of cell"all !olymers <. >thylene oxides )ill microorganisms by inacti$ating !rotein by forming stable e!oxide bridges that are irre$ersible 7. Ultra$iolet is only effecti$e in surfaces because of !oor !enetrating ability. =. Trichloroacetic acid used for chemical cautery of hy!ertro!hic tissue of a!thous ulcers. At#s mechanism of action is? i. PPT (!reci!itation) of !roteins5 ii. Thermodynamic action ?. Which of the follo"ing is true about disinfectant? a. At destroys all !athogenic microorganisms b. At reduces the number of microorganisms to a non-infecti$e le$el5 16. What do you do "ith instruments after treating a !atient "ith ;e!atitis 8? a. soa) them in hy!ochlorite solution b. sterili&e scrub and resterili&e5 c. handle them "ith t"o !airs of household rubber glo$es d. scrub them "ith surgical iodine# solution 11. Which of the follo"ing needs to be sterili&ed3 a. all items touching blood b. all items used intraorally ( diseases can be transmitted $ia blood and sali$a)5 1%. autocla$es3 denaturation of !rotein cell membrane 1.. >xtraction of lo"er 4#s a) rotational5 b) buccal lingual c) direct fraction d) buccal 12. marsu!iali&ation is associated "ith treatment for? a) !ericoronities b) cyst5

14. When managing a large cyst of the Fa"s marsu!iali&ation is the tratement that has occasionally been used. Which of the follo"ing statements concerning marsu!iali&ation is correct? a) it a$oids ex!osure of the teeth a!ices adFacent to cyst b) it a$oids trauma to the A*+ c) it establishes drainage "hich eliminate !ressure on the cyst "all d) it allo"s the cyst to become smaller so that its ultimate remo$al a$oids easy !erforation into the nose or sinus ( if the maxilla is in$ol$ed e) all of these are correct5 it is not ho"e$er the treatment of choice for most cyst. 1<. Cym!h from lo"er li! "ill drain into the3 submental lym!h node 17. Peria!ical infection of the maxillary second lateral incisor could !oint to theG !alate 1=. Hesidual cyst found3 in the soc)et after extraction 1?. The initial mo$ement to extract a tooth by a force!s3 a. *!ically5 b. buccally c. lingually %6. Which of the follo"ing accounts for the main cause of failure of re!lanted tooth a) an)ylosis b) infection c) !ul!!al !athosis d) external root resor!tion5 e) internal resor!tion %1. * dentist surgically remo$es a maxillary 1st molar fracturing a large !ortion of the !alatal root. The root is forced into the antrum and cannot be remo$ed. *dFacent teeth and bone are normal. The a!!ro!riate a!!roach to reco$er this root is through the a) hand !alate in the canine area b) maxillary incisi$e fossa medial to the canine c) maxillary canine fossa abo$e the le$el of the !remolar roots5 d) nasoantral "all abo$e the middle concha or turbinates e) first molar al$eolar by enlarging the antral o!ening

%%. * !atient com!laining of chronic oro-antral fistula for long time ago because of < extraction. What are the treatment? a. surgical fla!? b. gi$e antibiotics and nasal dro!s5 c. "ash the antrum %.. *fter 1% "ee)s an oroantral fistula doesn#t close the treatment is3 a. excision of fistula and surgery b. decongestant and antibiotics5 c. intraoral autrostomy and surgery note3 the first aim of treatment is to eliminate any existing infection. Washing by saline "ell filling acrylic base !late %2. /uring extraction of maxillary .rd molar the tuberosity is fractured. At remains in !lace and attached to muco!erosteum "hat should be em!loyed? a. lea$e the tuberosity in !lace and stabili&e if necessary %4. Eom!lications of canine s!ace infections includeG a. res!iratory !aralysis resulting froma cute edema of the !harynx b. thrombosis of the internal Fugular $ein c. erosion of the internal carotid artery d. erosion of the ascending !haryngeal artery e. ca$ernous sinus thrombosis5 %<. When do"n-fracture Ceforte osteotomy is !erformed i. necrosis is !re$ented by blood su!!ly to maxilla from !alatine arteries ii. a !atient "ith cleft !alate is more li)ely to de$elo! necrosis %7. * !atient !resents"ith a radiolucensy 1 cm in si&e at the a!ex of non-$ital maxillary right central incisor. Which of the follo"ing "ould you do? a. @arsu!iali&ation b. >xtraction and remo$al of cyst then the soc)et c. @uco!eriiosteal fla! o$er labial bone remo$e ther cyst foloo"ing endodontic of 11 %=. @arsu!iali&ation is used in the treatment of3 a) cyst5 b) abscess c) cellulites d) im!acted molar %?. Ea$ernous sinus thrombosis ' thru the o!hthalmic $ein

.6. What are the features of autotrans!lantation a. healthy P/C forming on root surface b. external resor!tion c. ha!ha&ardly arranged collagen fibers .1. *n)yloglossia is cause by a. edentulous ridge b. short lingual frenum5 c. short labial frenum .%. Eom!lication of thrombocyto!enic !ur!ura (su!!ression in the !roduction of the !latelests) during surgery is a. edema b. haemorrhage5 c. acute infection ... ,ranuloma abscess and cyst can be most accurately differentiated by means of a. x-ray b. electrical !ul! test c. bio!sy5 d. thermal test e. !ercussion .2. Plasma is blood minus formed elements .4. -erum is blood !lasma lac)ing certain com!onents es!ecially fibrinogen .<. An the early (2-7 days) lesion you find3 :@ i. lym!hocytes ii. U@E .7. * !atient !resents to you "ith a history of lancinating !ain in the lo"er right !osterior region. Patient insisting to extract his lo"er teeth. The right side of his face is unsha$ed and the teeth in 1uestion are $ital and out of !athology. Your diagnosis is3 a. :dontalgia b. Heferred !ain c. Trigeminal neuralgia5 .=. *ll of the follo"ing are re1uirements for an ade1uate muco!eriosteal fla! exca!t3 a. base "ider than free margin b. mucous membrane carefully se!arated from !eriosteum5 c. 8ase containing blood su!!ly +ote3 should be "ith !eriosteum

.?. @ulti!le -inuses in ' chronic inflammation 26. O/ry soc)etQ can be caused by3 a) inability to form a blood clot in an extraction soc)et b) inability to )ee! a blood clot in an extraction soc)et c) infection !osto!erati$ely d) b and c only e) a b and c5 note3 a dry soc)et is seen more commonly in the mandible than in the maxilla and !atients !resent "ith a throbbing !ainful area 21. Treatment of /ry -oc)et is to alle$iate !ain 2%. Bollo"ing surgical remo$al of im!acted .rd molar in the mandibular bone3 cold a!!lication from outside 2.. * young female !atient !resents "ith throbbing !ain in the left lo"er !osterior Fa" "ith trismus and associated lym!hadeno!athy. /iagnosis3 Pericoronitis 22. Which of the follo"ing are not su!!lied by the mandibular di$ision of trigeminal3 a. anterior !art of digastric5 b. masseter muscle5 c. buccinator5 24. The mandibular di$ision of the trigeminal (D) ner$e3 a) exits from the s)ull through the foramen o$ale b) contains both afferent and efferent ner$e fibers c) su!!lies the muscle of mastication as "ell as the mylohyoid uscle and the anterior belly of the digastric muscle among others d) enters the mandible through the mandibular foramen and has an exit at the mental foramen e) all of the abo$e are correct5 note3 only the mandibular di$ision of (D) contains motor fibers. 2<. The argument that fa$ours lingual s!lit-bone techni1ue for the remo$al of im!acted mandibular third molar is that a. no neurological com!ications can occur b. most im!acted .rd molars inclined to"ards the lingual c. incision is easy to suture d. bleeding from highly $ascular lingual tissue hel!s maintain the blood clot e. lingual bone is usually thinner than buccal5

27. * !atient !resent "ith a radiolucency ( cyst) 1 cm in si&e at the a!ex of non-$ital maxillary Ht central incisor. Which of the follo"ing "ould you do? a. marsu!iali&ation b. extraction and remo$al of cyst through the soc)et c. muco!eriosteal fla! o$er the labial bone remo$e cyst for endodontic treatment5 2=. What are the features of autotrans!lantation? a. healing P/C forming on root surface b. external resor!tion c. ha!ha&ardly arranged collagen fibers5 2?. He!lantation "e ex!ect ( bad !rognosis) 5 external resor!tion a!ical rarefaction 46. * $ery 1uic) and "ide tooth se!aration "ill result in a. gingi$al inflammation b. $asodilation c. "ide s!ace d. necrosis of P/-CS bone 41. least !ossible cause of !ost o!erati$e bleeding a. as!irin b. antibiotic c. codeine5 d. !oor techni1ue 4%. the most im!ortant factor in remo$al of im!acted teeth3 b. design of the fla! c. remo$al of enough bone to ex!ose the teeth d. !re-o!erati$e accessment of the x-ray5 4.. Post-:P s"elling ' gi$e cold com!ress extraorally 42. Birst mo$ement in extraction ' a!ical direction 44. *!ical cyst of 1 cm ' fla! muco!eriosteal- a!icoectomy 4<. Which one of the follo"ing is not a $aid indication for a!icoectomy? a) bro)en instrument in the a!ical third of the canal b) !resence of a fistula5 c) !erforation in a!ical third d) !eria!ically in$ol$ed teeth in !atients "ith insufficient time for con$entional endodontic treatment e) cur$e "ithin a!ical third of the root that cannot be negotiated. +ote remo$al of cyst can be either total enucleation or marsu!iali&ation

47. re1uirements for ade1uate fla! ' mucous membrane !lus muco!eriosteal 4=. Hesidual cyst ' has e!ithelial lining 4?. >lectric cautery refers to a monoterminal electronic instrument that is ca!able of !roducing dee! tissue dehydration and mass coagulation necrosis. <6. cause of attachment of tissue on the !lates of the electrocautery machine ' too lo" current <1. Arritational fibroma ' !ainless gro"th <%. *fter auto-trans!lant you ex!ect after 1%months lamina dura formed healthy functional P/C <.. Which of the follo"ing is true about disinfectant solution3 a. At destroys all !athogenic microorganism b. At reduces number of microoganism to a non-infecti$e le$el5 c. At destroys !athogenic microorganism but not s!ores5 <2. * !atient "ith the fracture of maxilofacial the first consideration a) !reser$ation of air"ay5 b) sto! the flo" of cerebral fluid c) sto! the bleeding <4. The most !otent $iricidal !ro!erties3 a. @iltons solution (+*:EC) b. sodium hy!ochlorite5 c. belaching solution d. chlorhexidine e. glutaraldehyde f. alcohol 769 g. 1uarternary amonium <<. *ntibioitics should be used routinely to !re$ent infection arising from oral surgery in !atients suffering from all the follo"ing exce!t3 a. agranulocytosis b. se$ere uncontrolled diabetes c. a!lastic anaemia d. mum!s5 <7. *t "hat rate is closed chest cardiac com!ression gi$en in an adult3? a. 1% times !er minute b. %2 times !er minute c. <6 times !er minute5

<=. Which ty!e of cells does an abscess contain3 a. mast cells b. P@+5 c. >osino!hil d. >!ithelial cells <?. An $ery cold climate "hich of the follo"ing fluoride concentration in "ater su!!ly sus!ected to induce teeth flouridosis3 a. 1.% !!m b. %.2 PP@ 5 76. An a 16 year old !ermanent mandibular molar. What is the effect? a. teeth adFacent to the extracted b. teeth in both arches on the same side c. the remaining teeth in the mouth5 d. teeth directedly o!!osite the extracted e. teeth in the same 1uadrant 71. The li)ely cause of xerostomia is3 a. sFogren#s suyndrome b. emotional reaction c. senility d. antide!ressant drugs e. submandibular sialolith5 Hestorati$e @aterials 1. ,8 8lac)#s Elasssification? 8oucher !age .71 Elass A ' Ea$ities in the structural defects of the teethG !its and fissures in the occlusal surfaces of the !remolars and molars in the lingual surfaces of the u!!er incisors in the occlusal %M.s of the buccal surfaces of the molars and the lingual surfaces of the u!!er incisors Elass AA ' Ea$ities in the !roximal surfaces of !remolars and molars Elass AAA ' Ea$ities in the !roximal surfaces of the incisors and canines that do not in$ol$e the incisal !lane Elass AD ' Ea$ities in the !roximal surfaces of the incisors and canines that in$ol$es the incisal angle Elass D ' Ea$ities in the gingi$al third not !it caries of the facial or the lingual surfaces of the teeth Elass DA ' Ea$ities on the incisal edges and smooth surfaces of the teeth abo$e the height of contour

%. * ne"ly !laced restoration interferes "ith occlusion. What "ill be the !eriodontal res!onse3 thic)ening of the !eriodontal membrane .. What "ould be the first stage of !eriodontal res!ond of !remature contact of filling? Widening of !eriodontal ligament s!ace 2. An Elass AA restoration all of the follo"ing considered to occur as !robable causes of !eriodontal !roblems exce!t3 a) flat ridge b) faulty or not !ro!er contour c) not !ro!erly !olished restoration d) cer$ical "all is too dee!ly a!ically e) o$erextention rest-lining in the ca$ity5 4. /e!th of ca$ity beyond dentino-enamel Function ' minimum de!th is 6.1 '6.% mm beyond the dentino enamel Function a) 6.4 b) 1.4 c) %.6 d) 6.% 5 <. An a class AA restoration !eriodontal !roblems are more !robable to occur "hen3 a) ridge flat b) faulty or not !ro!er contact5 c) not !ro!erly !olished d) cer$ical "all is too dee! a!ically e) o$er extention $estibulo-lingual in the ca$ity 7. What is the minimum distance bet"een % !its to connect each other? - sturde$ant0 When % !its and fissure ca$ities ha$e less than 6.4 mm of sound tooth structure bet"een them they should be Foined to eliminate a "ea) enamel "all bet"een them =. When you are !re!aring Elass AA the ca$o surface angle in the !roximal box should be3 a) shar! b) obtuse c) right5 ?. Pul!al "all in !re!aring class AA in lo"er first bicus!id ' !arallel to the occlusal (surface) !lane 16. * ne" restoration is left "ith !remature contact. That might cause3 a) Pul!al abscess b) Pul!al necrosis c) *!ical cemental o!!osition d) *!ical !eriodontitis5

11. Hestorati$e cro"n locate "ithin the gingi$al margin !roduces inflammation3 a) rarely b) sometimes? c) al"ays d) ne$er 1%. Unsu!!orted enamel should be a) reduced in height b) !rotected by the restoration c) finished at ?6 degrees to the tooth surface d) remo$ed5 (because it is "ea)) 1.. The design of occlusal anatomy in restoration is dictated !rimarily by3 a) functional factors5 b) de!th of the restoration in the tooth c) Patient feeling discomfort "hile biting ' chec) contact areas or o$erfilled resto 12. * Elass AA amalgam restoration after car$ing should a) re!roduce the sluice"ays in the region of the marginal ridge5 b) be Fust out of occlusion "ith the o!!osing tooth c) ha$e its marginal ridge at the same le$el as that of the adFacent tooth5 d) re!roduce the anatomical form of the tooth as nearly as !ossible5 note3 The restoration should restore functionG if there is no occlusal contact teeth "ill mo$e 14. Hesistance is obtained by '!arallel !re!aration of "alls ("rong) 1<. Hesistance form is defined as that sha!e and !lacement of the ca$ity "alls that best enable both the restoration and the tooth to "ithstand "ithout fracture masticatory forces deli$ered !rinci!ally in the long axis of the tooth. 17. Primary retention form is that sha!e or form of the !re!ared ca$ity that resists dis!lacement or remo$al of the restoration from ti!!ing or lifting forces. 1=. Hestoration "ith "rong occlusion '"hat can ha!!en first? a) abscess b) cementosis of the tooth c) acute !eriodontitis5 d) gangrene of the tooth 1?. !atient has throbbing !ain on heat or cold or !ercussion a) neurosis b) ad$anced !ul!itis5 c) gangrene d) hy!eraemia

%6. ;y!eremia ' you treat it by a) !ul!ectomy b) !ul!otomy c) remo$e !artial caries ( Kn:->ugenol cement5 %1. Tooth se!aration is used in class AAA lesion to a) assist in con$enience form5 b) assist in outline form c) for tight contacts %%. Wedges may be used to3 a) !rotect the gingi$al during hand or rotary instrumentation b) act as a 1uic) se!arating agent c) stabili&e band material !laced bet"een teeth to !re$ent abrading the !roximal surface adFacent to the one being treated d) all of the abo$e are correct5 %.. Elass D retention ' sight undercut on the occlusal and gingi$al "all retention groo$es is !laced "ith a T bur along gingi$oaxial and incisoaxial line angle 6.% mm inside the dentinoenamel Function and 6.%4 mm dee! %2. Which controls the outline form of the ca$ity 'extent of the ca$ity groo$es and !its for extent for !re$ention %4. Which may be caused by a ne"ly !laced restoration "hich interferes "ith occlusion e) a!ical abcess f) !ul!al necrosis g) a!ical !eriodontitis5 %<. When you !re!are ElassAA The de!th should be ? belo" the carious lesion and sightly out of contact a) belo" the />I by %mm b) Fust belo" the />I c) cro"n 6.4-6.< mm dentinal "all enamel 6.%-6..mm5 d) root .74-.=mm in the dentinal "all5 %7. When you !re!are the tooth for cro"n you found bro"n line or s!ot on the />I. You ha$e to a) remo$e it5 b) lea$e it c) line "ith dycal %=. * matrix band used in !ac)ing a Elass AA amalgam restoration should a) be higher than the occlusal surface of the tooth to allo" o$er!ac)ing of the amalgam

b) c) d) e)

su!!ort the marginal ridge of the restoration during !ac)ing fit the cer$ical margin of the box tightly !ro$ide a !hysiological contour for the !roximal surface of the restoration all are correct5

%?. Why do you use the matrix during !lacing amalgam on class AA !re!ared ca$ity a) for retention of the "alls or act as retaining "all b) contouring and sha!ing c) !re$ent the rubber dam to be incor!orated "ith the restoration d) !re$ent sali$a or blood from see!ing into the restoration e) all of the abo$e are correct5 .6. Why is it hard to fit a matrix in u!!er first !remolar to restore :@ ca$ity because of a) the canine fossa b) mesial conca$ity of the cro"n5 .1. /uring ca$ity !re!aration in the lo"er second molar "hich !ul! horn is easy to ex!ose? a) mesio-buccal51 b) mesio-lingual % c) disto-buccal . d) disto-lingual2 e) distal horn 4 .%. What is the biggest !ossibility to ex!ose a !ul! horn? a) mesio buccal of the lo"er first molar? b) mesio lingual of the lo"er first molar c) mesio buccal of u!!er first molar? d) distobuccal of u!!er first molar ... Which of the follo"ing may be caused by a ne"ly !laced restoration "hich interferes "ith the occlusion? a) a!ical abscess b) !ul!al necrosis c) a!ical !eriodontitis5 .2. Why is it im!ortant to !erform the original occlusal anatomical form of the restoration? a) to obtain the functional factors5 b) should establish fi$e anatomical structures c) according to inclined !hase bet"een o!!osing teeth .4. The design of occlusal anatomy of restoration is dictated !rimarily by? a) functional factors5 b) the de!th of the restoration in the tooth

c) the necessity to restore detailed anatomy d) to control food flo" in mastication e) a$ailable s!ace .<. To !re$ent !roximal dislodgement of class AA restoration "e must establish3 a) ade1uate !ul!al de!th b) occlusal do$etail5 c) !arallelism of surrounding "alls d) buccal and lingual groo$es .7. * shallo" Elass A ca$ity is !re!ared and restored only "ith amalgam !atient comes bac) in = days "ith occasional sensiti$ity What "ould you do? a) Cea$e it alone and tell !atient !ain "ill disa!!ear "ithin a fe" days b) Cining and re!lace restoration5 c) Helie$e high !oints .=. :ne "ee) after insertion of Elass AA restoration the !atient !resents "ith a com!lainint of tenderness on mastication and bleeding fro the gingi$al. The dentist should initially3 a) chec) the occlusion b) chec) the contact area5 c) consider the !robability of a hy!eremia d) ex!lain to the !atient that the retainer irritated the surrounding soft tissues and !rescribe an analgesic and "arm oral rinse note3 The most !robabale cause of the sym!toms "ould be a faulty contact area. Af asym!tomatic for a "ee) the "edging of the food !articles inter!roximally causing inflammation of the innter!roximal tissues is !robably the !rime cause. @ore than a day is sually necessary for the im!action of food !articles to result in the outlined sym!toms. Af the !atient called shortly follo"ing !lacement one "ould sus!ect a high s!ot "hich "ould cause tenderness to !ercussion. Af the !atient com!lained of sensiti$ity to cold then a hy!eremia "ould be considered. .?. Hestoration of a cus! using dental amalgam re1uires that? a) all the enamel be remo$ed from the cus! to !ro$ide bul) of amalgam b) only the enamel be remo$ed to conser$e tooth structure c) atleast % mm of the cus! be remo$ed to !ro$ide retention form d) atleast % mm of ther cus! be remo$ed to !ro$ide resistance form5 e) a re$erse be$el be !ro$ided on the cus! to !ro$ide retention form 26. The fracture of amalgam at isthmus of Elass AA because of3 a) the !ul!oaxial line angle not be$eled5 b) not box sha!ed

21. The !hysical !ro!erties of "hich of the follo"ing materials are "ea)ened by the inclusion of !ins in the restoration? a) amalgam5 b) methyl metacrylates c) com!osites resin d) cast restorati$es note3 !ins do not seem to im!air the !hysical !ro!erties of resin restorati$es. Physical !ro!erties of cast gold or non-!recious castings should not be altered by the inclusion of !ins for retenti$e !ur!oses. 2%. Pins in amalgam3 a) !arallel to the outer surface of the tooth5 b) !arallel to the long axis of the tooth c) be !laced to the enamel-dentinal Function as !ossible d) be inserted in the greatest number !ossible for maximum retention note3 ideally the !in channel should be !laced !arallel to the external surface of the tooth and located mid"ay bet"een the dentinoenamel Function and the !ul! chamber. Pins should be inserted on the a$erage 1-% !er missing cus! or line angle but as fe" as !ossible to minimi&e internal stress 2.. @esio-distal dis!lacement of an inlay in class AA ca$ity can be !re$ented by a) ade1uate !ul! de!th b) an occlusal loc)M do$etail5 c) Parallelism of surrounding "alls d) *n acute line angle at axio-gingi$al area 22. ;o" "ould you be$el a class A for amalgam on 12 for extra-retention a) lingual and buccal undercut5 b) mesial and distal undercut c) undercutting all around 24. Why do you do o$er !ac)ing of amalgam? To ensure that the marginal amalgam is "ell condensed before car$ing and that mercury rich layer is brought to the surface and remo$ed !rior to car$ing and finishing. 2<. Why do you burnish after condensation? a) to continue condensation at margins5 after it has been car$ed b) to bring excess mercury to surface5 c) smoother surface reducing time for subse1uent !olishing5 d) reduces !orosities5 27. Why do you do burnishing after condensation? a) to continue condensation at margins b) to bring excess mercury to the surface

c) to obtain smooth amalgam surface d) continuous ada!tation to ca$ity margins5 2=. Trituration is the !rocess oxides coating the malgam !articles are "orn a"ay allo"ing the mercury to come in contact "ith the alloy 2?. /ry field in amalgam "ith &inc is im!ortant because (% or more) a) blisters formation b) loss of com!ressi$e strength c) recurrence of corrosion d) !ost-o!erati$e !ain (excessi$e delayed ex!ansion)5 note3 &inc "as added to con$entional dental amalgams as a !rocessing aid to su!!ress oxidation of the )ey elements in the alloy. -ome left and is detrimental in "et field because of !roduction of hydrogen gas causing delayed ex!ansion. *d$antage than &inc-free amalgam is longe$ity 46. amalgam exhibiting high cree! ' lathe cut 41. the amalgam exhibiting the least degree of cree! is3 a) lathe cut irregular sha!e b) s!herical c) combinations of s!heres and filings (s!heres can be com!acted better and lesser ;g to use than lathe cut) !age %%6 sturde$ant d) microfine e) dis!ersed !hase ' high co!!er5 note3 recent in$estigation indicates that there is a ralationshi! bet"een cree! and marginal brea)do"n. -!ecifically the findings indicate that dis!ersion systems of dental amalgam "ith a lo" gamma AA !hase ha$e greater marginal integrity o$er longer !eriods of time. Ci)e"ise the s!herical alloys exhibit less !ercentage of cree! deformation than do con$entional cut alloys 4%. burnishing of amalgam ' for marginal ada!tation 4.. there is a marginal brea)do"n in amalgam a) secondary caries "ill definitely de$elo! b) secondary caries may de$elo! c) the "ider the ga! the more chances for secondary caries5 42. Eore build-u! for a $ital !osterior tooth a) glass ionomer b) *malgam5 44. * shallo" class A ca$ity is !re!ared and restored only "ith amalgam !atient came bac) in = days "ith occasional sensiti$ity "hat "ould you do? a) lea$e it alone and tell !atient !ain "ill disa!!ear "ithin a fe" days

b) lining and re!lace restoration5 c) relie$e high !oints 4<. When you find ditching in amalgam filling ' re!lace the old amalgam 47. a !atient each medium si&ed amalgam restoration on an u!!er !remolar re1uests that it be re!laced by a resin for esthetic reasons. An using a dentin bonding agent after ca$ity debridement a) a!!ly the bonding material directly to cut dentine b) a!!ly a !hos!horic acid etch to dentin !rior to a!!lying the bonding agent5 c) a!!lying a chelating agent (>/T*) before a!!lying the bonding agent 4=. @aterials3Wells -il$er "hich com!rises about 769 is to im!ro$e strength and decrease flo" Tin "hich com!rises around %<9 reduces the ex!ansion and also cuts do"n the strength and hardness of the resultant alloy Eo!!er is to decrease brittleness of material and strengthening alloy and decrease flo" Kinc - deoxidi&er 4?. An "hich material maximum cree! is obser$ed? a) lo" EU amalgam 'admixed b) lo" cu amalgam ' lathe cut ' max cree!5 c) lo" cu s!herical ($ery !lastic hard to mold) d) high in s!herical - minimum <6. Kinc in *malgam a) delayed exa!ansion5 b) decrease strength c) blister formation <1. @ain ad$antage of amalgam "ith high content of co!!er? a) better marginal sealing b) less corrosion c) better tensile strength d) higher immediate com!ressi$e strength5 <%. ;igh co!!er amalgam3 a) ;igh corrosion resistance b) ;igh tensil strength c) ;igh com!ressi$e strength5 d) Am!ro$e marginal integrity

<.. Why is co!!er added to amalgam? a) to increase strength5 b) better corrosion resistance c) tensile stress decrease <2. @aFority of fractures in class AA amalgam restorations occur3 a) at the gingi$al margin b) at the contact area c) in the area of occlusal isthmus5 d) at the axio!ul!al line angle <4. *malgam#s best 1uality is high com!ressi$e strength <<. With the !robe !enetrating bet"een the tooth and amalgam you "ill3 a) al"ays find a caries b) not al"ays find a caries? <7. Am!ortant factors related to decision to use amalgam or com!osite restoration a) ability to isolate the toothM teeth b) occlusal relationshi! c) esthetics d) o!erator ability note3 conser$ati$e com!osite restoration is the treatment of choice for the small oclusal restoration <=. The best material to be used for final ca$ity toilet be amalgam insertion in shallo" ca$ity is? a) alcohol b) !hos!horic acid c) carboxylic acid d) "ater5 e) >/T* <?. Why do you do o$er !ac)ing of amalgam through condensation a) to ensure that excess mercury reach the surface can be car$ed out condensation5 b) to )ee! enough material at the margins? note3 !ur!ose of condensation is to ma)e a homogeneous mixture and ex!ress out excess mercury. 76. Bor "hich of the follo"ing !re!arations "ill not re1uire occlusal and gingi$al groo$es a) Elass D for amalgam b) Elass D for ,AE c) Elass D for com!osite "ith ,AE base5

71. ;o" "ould you gi$e an undercut in a class A !re!aration for amalgam restoration on 12 for extra retention a) @ and / undercutting b) *ll around undercutting c) Bacial and lingual occlusal con$ergence5 7%. Hetention of *malgam fillings ' self threading !ins ( but decreases the strength of amalgam) 7.. Eore build u! for a $ital !osterior tooth a) glass ionomer b) amalgam5 72. There is a marginal brea)do"n in amalgam a) -econdary caries "ill definitely de$elo! b) -econdary caries may de$elo! c) The "ider the ga! the more chances for secondary caries5 74. 8ig core of !ins for extensi$e carious lesions a) one large amalgam b) one basic mix and add mercury as needed c) Ancrements of amalgam "ith differential se1uential trituration5 d) -e$eral mixes "ith alloy dissol$e in mercury 7<. To restore big ca$ity by amalgam "e use3 a) mix at once b) small mixes of the same alloy5 c) different mixes of different )inds of alloy 77. The com!ressi$e strength of amalgam alloy is influence by the ratio bet"een. *malgam alloy and mercury "hich one of the follo"ing is correct a) excess of mercury is almost 6.1 b) excess of mercury is almost 6.% c) excess of mercury is almost 6.. d) not critical if the excess mercury can be remo$ed by condensation5 7=. The most im!ortant ad$antage of *malgam co!!er alloy3 a) im!ro$e marginal integrity b) corrosion resistance c) tensile strangth d) com!ressi$e strength5 7?. The greatest single factor in the strength of a final amalgam restoration is3 a) residual mercury content5? b) sil$er content

c) co!!er content =6. Why do "e need to ma)e !ro!er trituration of amalgam- to let the alloy !articles coated "ith mercury =1. The !ur!ose for burnishing of amalgam3 for ada!tation of the margins5 =%. Eu in high Eu amalgam ' to eliminate tin-mercury !hase (gamma %) =.. +e"er ty!es of amalgam alloys contain increased amounts of co!!er. Hesearch demonstrate that co!!er a) reacts and strengthen the amalgam by its dis!ersion b) reacts to form a co!!er-tin rich !hase thereby minimi&ing or eliminating the sil$er-mercury !hase c) reacts to form a co!!er-tin rich !hase thereby minimi&ing or eliminating the tin-mercury !hase or gamma %5 d) Heacts and strengthen the amalgam by its grain diffusion =2. Darnish under amalgam to !re$ent a) short term lea)age5 b) Cong term lea)age =4. To !re$ent against !osterior-anterior dislodgement of class AA amalgam restoration? /o$etail and slots =<. Ansufficient condensation of amalgam causes3 a) mercury staining in dentin tubules b) shrin)age c) !remature setting d) less strength in set amalgam5 =7. Eorrosion of amalgam restoration is usually caused by3 a) sulfur (undertrituration) b) oxygen c) chlorides d) o$ertrituration note3 corrosion !roducts of dental malgam has been identified them a s!redominantly sulfides of mercury and of sil$er. Undertrituration "ould be more i)ely to contribute to tarnish and corrosion than "ould o$ertrituration ==. Eore build-u! "ith amalgam for $ital !osterior tooth =?. The disad$antage of self threaded !in and frictional !in- more deleterious friction loc)ed !ins a) crac) tooth5

b) need s)ill c) limited si&e ?6. Eu! a cus! "ith amalgam should be ' %-.mm a) 6.4 mm b) 1.6 mm c) %.6 mm5 d) 2.6 mm note3 The minimal occlusal thic)ness for amalgam is 1.4 mm for gold 1-% mm(-turde$ant) * cu!!ing cus! "ith amalgam must be %mm minimum ?1. You decide to ma)e !ostcore for cro"n in tooth "hich material you !refer3 a) amalgam5 b) ,A c) com!osite ?%. Hetention of amalgam fillings ' self threading !ins +ote3!ins does not im!ro$e strength of amalgam but rather "ea)ens it only aids in retention ?.. :cclusal ca$ity !re!aration for amalgam retention a) slight undercut on mesial and distal "alls b) slight undecut on buccal and lingual "alls5 ?2. fractured amalgam that cartches "ith !robe ' re!lace amalgam ?4. condensation of amalgam ' to remo$e the mercury rich layer ?<. trituration of amalgam ' to coat the !articles "ith ;g to bring the mercury in contact "ith the alloy !articles ?7. Why the isthmus area is easy to fracture in amalgam a) because of de!th? ?=. ;o" should !ins be !laced for an amalgam core build-u!? a) close to the dentoenamel Function b) !arallel to the external surface of the tooth5 c) a"ay from the !ul! d) !arallel to the long axis of the tooth? ??. /ental Eom!osite is indicated as a mixture of silicate glass !articles "ith an acrylic monomer tat is !olymeri&ed during the a!!lication. The silicate !ro$ides reinforcement to the mixture and for translucency. While the acrylic monomer

ma)es nitial material fluid and moldable for !lacement in the ca$ity !re!aration and !enetrate to the micromechanical s!aces of etched enamel. 166. a) b) c) d) What solution is used for acid etching .7 or 469 !hos!horic acid5 469 silico-!hos!horic 469 Bluoric acid se$eral mixes "ith alloy dissol$ed in mercury

161. Which of the follo"ing materials is not com!atible "ith com!osite resin3 a) calcium hydroxide b) carboxylate cement c) &inc oxide eugenol 5 (inhibits !olymeri&ation of the resins) d) &inc !hos!hate cement 16%. -ilicate Eements the first translucent material used in the anterior for small ca$ities. Eom!osed of !o"der acid soluble glasses and a li1uid contaning !hos!horic acid "ater and buffering agents. At has fluoride release. 8ox li)e form of ca$ity !re!aration and a butt Foint re1uired because !oor edge strength and brittle. +eeds mechanical retention and liners and bases to !rotect the !ul!. Bailure is because of discoloration and loss of contour. This is $ery rough also. 16.. Which of the follo"ing are disad$antages of silicate restorations? a) high acidity initially5 b) high al)alinity on setting c) it does not ta)e a smooth finish5 d) it "ill dessicate if not )e!t moist5 note3 Bollo"ing the final setting of a silicate rstoration the !; rises but remains in the range of 4 to 4. 4 162. *s it hardens a !ro!erly !laced silicate cement may be ex!ected to3 a) ex!and b) ex!and and later contract c) contract5 d) contract and later ex!and note3 subse1uent dissolution of the silicate may also be sntici!ated. The restorati$e is also subFect to syneresis (drying) and imbibition ?absor!tion of "ater) "hich contributes to increased solubility and disintegration 164. :ne of the claims for su!eriority of com!osite resin restorations o$er silicates is that resin restorations a) !re$ent gal$anic action b) are !ractically insoluble5 c) ha$e a better coefficient of thermal ex!ansion

16<. Eom!osite restoration as substitute for amalgam as !atient demand for esthetic treatment. What to do to ensure o!timal results? a) acid etch on dentin b) chelating agent c) acid etch on enamel5 d) enamelMbonding agent 167. There is a small fracture in com!osite in an incisal edge a) Hesins glass or 1uart& filled !articles5 b) -ilicate material c) silici!hos!hate d) glassionomer 16=. Why is the acid etching done? To increase the surface area 16?. * class AAA ca$ity is to be restored "ith a microfill resin "hen might be acid etching be most a!!ro!riate? a) only in instances re1uiring retention such as for incisal edges b) not for class AAA ca$ities as the adFacent tooth surface "ill be altered by acid c) e$erytime to decrease marginal lea)age5 d) only in instanced by shallo" ca$ities to a$id !ul! irritation 116. Eom!osite in !remolar are not good because a) !oor "ear resistance5 b) /eform c) :ften fracture 111. area 11%. a. b. c. d. Why do you be$el the enamel in com!osite resin ' to increase the surface @icrolea)age of com!osite resin is caused by shrin)age5 ex!ansion shrin)age then ex!ansion ex!ansion then contraction

note3 com!osite materials shrin) "hile hardening. This is referred to as !olymeri&ation shrin)age can cause !ulling a"ay of material "hile it hardens. This is the reason "hy light must be on the o!!osite side. 11.. There is a small fracture in com!osite at the incisal restoration a) re!lace restorations b) re!air "ith unfilled com!osite? 112. When do you finish a com!osite restoration

a) Ammediately5 b) %2 hours 114. ;ybrid com!osite in Elass AAA 0 negati$e fracture of the incisal edge 11<. * small class AAA ca$ity is filled by com!osite resin "hich one of the follo"ing ca$ity !re!aration is !referred? a) class AAA ca$ity !re!aration for amalgam b) class AAA ca$ity !re!aration for amalgam "ith be$el c) Fust remo$al of carious tissue and be$el5 117. * class AAA ca$ity is to be restored "ith microfilled resin. When "ould acid etching be most a!!ro!riate a) only in instances re1uiring retention in incisal edge b) not for class AAA since adFacent tooth surface can be damaged by acid c) e$erytime to decrease marginal lea)age5 d) only in cases "ith shallo" ca$ities to a$oid !ul!al irrtation 11=. Tooth se!aration is used in class AAA lesion to a) assist in con$enience form b) assist in outline form c) for tight contacts

11?. When "e finish com!osite resin resotoration? a) Ammediately5 b) %-. days later c) . "ee)s after d) ne$er 1%6. Eement lining for com!osite resin a) Ea:;5 b) Kinc :xide >ugenol c) Earboxylate d) Kinc Phos!hate cement5 e) $arnish note3 the sol$ent in the $arnishes ad$ersely affects !olymeri&ationG the resin in turn "ould be destructi$e to the semi!ermeable membrane formed by the $arnish. >ugenol inhibits!olymeri&ation of resins. Af &inc !hos!hate is used as a baase the !ul! should be !rotected by a ca$ity $arnish or liner. 1%1. -i&es of Eom!osite @aterial e. con$entional com!osite f. microfilled g. small !article h. hybrid com!osite =-1%um 6.62-6.2 um 1-4 um 6.< ' 1 um

1%%. An small !article si&e com!osite the !article si&e is3 a) 6.% '6.4 um b) %-%4 um c) 6.62-6.2 um d) 1-4 um5 1%.. ;ybrid com!osite resin is used in !osterior teeth3 false shold be small !articles. ;ybrid com!osite are for anterior restoration but at !resent are also used in the !osterior teeth. 1%2. ;o" can you im!ro$e the adhesion of a fissure sealant3acid etch techni1ue 1%4. ;o" do you treat dentine before !utting ,AE a) conditioner (etching gel)-169 !olyacrylic acid for %6 secs5 b) !umice note3 release fluoride li)e silicates !ossess fa$orable coefficient of thermal ex!ansion com!ared "ith silicate using !hos!horic acid this cement uses !olyacrylic acid "hich renders the final resto material less soluble. 1%<. ;o" do you treat erosion first ste! is3 a) "ith !umice and "ater5 b) s!ray "ith +a bicarbonate c) ,AE 1%7. Bor restoration of u!!er !remolar erosion "ith glass-ionomer cement "e use3 a) Pummice and "ater and M or acid5 b) Usal ca$ity "ith undercuts c) Use of !ins d) /o not interfere in surface of the ca$ity 1%=. ,AE ' acidMbase reaction (auto cure cement) 1%?. ,AE A ' Elean ca$ity "ith "ater 1.6. ,A !re$ents recurrent caries - bonding to dentine and enamel - fluoride release - contains !olyacrylic acid 1.1. An shallo" ca$ity you decide to restore it using ,A for retention3 a) !ut fist conditioner (citric acid) b) !umice and "ater c) !olyacrylic acid conditioner5 1.%. ,lass-ionomer cement class D u!!er !remolar a) ty!ical class D "ith retention undercut5

b) Eleansing "ith !umice !aste and "ater 1... ,AE filling for an old !atient "ith cementum ex!osure a) !lace ,AE directly b) *fter drying "ith air ' ,AE c) Pumice and directly a!!ly ,AE5 1.2. a) b) c) d) @ixing of ,lass Aonomer cool the slab mix slo"ly mix fast? ("ithin .6 secs) more !o"der to li1uid5

1.4. When is Ea:; 8ase contraindicated? - intermittent !ain for long !eriods of 1 month - carious ex!osure 1.<. badly destroyed !osterior tooth you restore "ith a) root canal treatment b) cas! co$ering c) gold !orcelain cro"n 1.7. What ty!e of gold best for filling? Boil gold 1.=. The mesiodistal dis!lacement of an inlay in Elass AA ca$ity can be !re$ented by establishing3 i. ade1uate !ul!al de!th F. occlusal loc) or do$e tail5 ). !arallelism of "alls 1.?. ,ood light source for colour matching ' relati$ely uniform s!ecial energy distributed among $arious "a$e length 126. To achie$e a "ide range of desired color matching in light cured resins for color stability "hich of the follo"ing systems "ould you select? a) a system "ith <-= colours5 b) a system to allo" incor!oration of $arious amounts of tinting !o"ders c) a system of mixing together base resin colors to achie$e intermediate colours d) the use of tinted monomer additi$es achie$ing a smooth mix 121. There is a small surface in com!osite in an incisal the restoration re!lace the restoration or re!air "ith unfilled com!osite com!lete restoration

12%. for small incisal edge fractures material "ith the greatest reisstance to intrnal fractures a) glass ionomer b) silico!hos!hate material c) silicate material d) resins 5 12.. etching is !erformed by a) 469 !hos!horic acid b) .79 !hos!horic acid5 122. ,old is the most noble of metals seldom tarnishing or corroding in the oral ca$ity. An this and certain other res!ects it is an almost ideal dental restorati$e material for !ermanently !reser$ing tooth structure. Ats chief disad$antages are color high thermal conducti$ity and technical difficulties in forming a dense restoration. Ty!es (gold foil electrolytic !reci!itate and gold !o"der) 124. ,old restoration the most im!ortant for classification is hardness (com!actness) (hardness is more casted gold). Tensile is related to cohesion. At is unfortunate that the restoration made "ith direct filling golds do not exhibit as high !hysical !ro!erties as those made "ith dental casting alloys. Eonse1uently they cannot be used to encom!ass a tooth (cast cro"n) nor can "ithstand masticatory stresses. Therefore they are used as direct filling materials. They are used for !its small Elass A re!air of casting margins and for class AAA and D resto. 12<. ,old is classified according to3 a) corrosion resistance b) com!ressi$e strenghth c) hardness5

127. East gold alloy ' ad$antages a) it is indestructible in the fluids of the mouth b) it is ca!able of restoring anatomical form and ta)ing a high !olish c) it does not discolor surrounding tooth structure d) it remains free from $olume change after !lacement 12=. &inc-oxide eugenol cements are effecti$e as tem!orary filling in class AA ca$ities because these cements a) may ha$e good com!ressi$e strength b) elicit little !ul!al res!onse5 c) ha$e high resistance to abrasion d) minimi&e lea)age and ada!tation to dentine e) are insoluble

12?. Hetention for full $eneer cro"n3 a) Ta!ering b) long !ath of insertion5 146. The most retenti$e !ins are 'de!th in dentin (1.. to % mm) a) friction loc)ed !ins - second b) self threading !ins5 c) cemented !ins ' least retenti$e 141. There is a lateral !erforation Fust belo" the gingi$al sulcus "hen using a !ost a) surgical ex!osure and fill the !erforation "ith Kinc :xide eugenol b) Fust continue to !ut the !ost and "ait fill later "ith cement c) arrest the bleeding by flushing "ith sterile "ater or anesthetic solution then fill it "ith Ea:; and amalgam5 14%. Tem!orary cementation of bridge a) K+: eugenol5 b) Eom!osite c) ,lass ionomer 14.. The !re!aration of Elass AA ca$ity for gold restoration. The ca$osurface angle should be at a) right angle b) obtuse5 c) acute 142. Binishing the ca$ity "alls is to3 a) smooth the "alls b) remo$e the residual enamel rods5 144. An "hat class of ca$ity is com!osite restoration most long lasting? a) A b) AA c) AAA5 d) AD e) D 14<. What is im!ortant about ada!tation of matrix band? a) mesial conca$ity of the root 147. *d$antage of self threading !in o$er the cemented one? a) friction loc)ed b) too ex!ensi$e c) not all si&es a$ailable d) NNNN crac)ing of tooth5 e) most retenti$e5

122. Elass AD gold 'difficult to burnish long s!an bridge and sometimes e$en !artial denture frame"or)s 124. ,old alloy for inlay 'ty!e A and AA can be burnished 12<. Ty!e AD and AAA ' cro"n and bridge alloy 127. East gold alloy sho" !orosity "hich is attributed to3 locali&ed shrin)age occluded gases and metallic oxides 12=. * "oman !atient com!laining of !ain from a contact occlusion on a filled tooth. Tooth is $ital "ith some degree of inflammation and !atient is in transit treatment is3 a. !ul! extir!ation and Ea:; dressing b. Pul! extir!ation and Cedermix !ressing c. Pul! ca!!ing d. Hemo$e filling and re!lace "ith Kn:>5 e. >xtraction 12?. -elf threaded friction !ins !resent the least? /isad$antage com!ared "ith cemented !ins3 a. They are more ex!ensi$e b. They re1uire more s)ill c. They cause crac)ing in the teeth5. 146. The ad$antage of friction-loc)ed and self treading !ins3 a) they re1uire no luting agent b) they are more retenti$e than luted !ins c) the re1uired de!th of !in channels is less than luted !ins d) they are readily bent after insertion e) a b and c5 note3 Adeally a !in channel should be !laced !arallel to the external surface of the tooth and located mid"ay bet"een the />I and !ul! chamber. Pins shold be inserted on the a$erage of one or t"o !er missing cus! or line angle but as fe" as necessary shold be used to minimi&e nternal stress. 141. :ne !in !er missing axial line angle Ancrease !in ( increase cr&ing in dentin amount of dentin a$ailable bet"een !ns decreased and decresase strength of amalgam) there should be 1mm of dentin around the !inhole. The !inholes shuld be no closer to />I by 1 mm and no closer to th enamel surface by 1.4 mm. !in holes shld be a$oided in the lingual of maxi molar and distal of mandi molar. 14%. * !atient "ith mar)ed reso!rtion of the gingi$ae around the remaining dentition namely the lo"er bicus!ids and anterior teeth. The oral hygiene is not

good and some of the cementum a!!ears to be in soft areas. Which is your !referred treatment? a. surface grinding follo"ed by fluoride treatment b. surface grinding follo"ed by glass ionomer restorations5 c. class AD ca$ity !re!aration for glass ionomer restorations d. ca$ity !re!aration for amalgam e. a!!lication of fluoride solution "ithout surface !re!aration? 14.. Porosity in !orcelain a. contamination by moisture5 142. Bracture in incisal angle in a lateral u!!er incisor "ith a class AAA restoration !resent and it is thin labio-lingually "hat restoration "ould you do? a. incisal ste! inlay b. lingual do$etail inlay (no thin) c. Pinlay d. U $eneer cro"n ( no thin) e. !orcelain fused to gold cro"n5 or PIE ( @EV !age .?) 144. You ha$e to !ut inlay rest class AD is badly destroyed tooth What do you do? a. rebuild "ith cement to utili&e to insert inlay b. the same "ith amalgam c. no rebuilding utili&e it by creation of correct sha!es 14<. resistance form in inlay !re!aration a. flat !ul!al floor and gingi$al floor b. !arallel "alls5 c. increase de!th of axial "alls d. di$ergence of "alls 147. What cement do you use to cement a bridge in a !atient "ith a moderate rate &inc NNNN? a. &inc !hos!hate5 b. Polycarboxylate c. ,lass ionomer d. -ilico !hos!hate 14=. a. b. c. d. :n a carbide bur a greater number of cutting blades results in less efficient cutting and smoother surface less efficient cutting and roughness surface more efficentt cutting and a smoother surface5 more efficient cutting and a rougher surface

/ental @aterials 1. @odulus of elasticity (Young#s modulus) ' stiffness of material stressMstain ratio "ithin !ro!ortional limit. This is the slo!e of the stress and strain cur$eG it is the ratio of stress to strain ("ithin !ro!ortional limit). * stiff material re1uires more stress to !roduce a gi$en elastic stain (deformation)G that is its modulus is higher. The !ro!ortional limit denotes the highest stress "ithin "hich stress and strain are !ro!ortionalG it is not a measure of stiffness but of strength. %. the stress-strain ratio "ithin the !ro!ortional limit 'stiffness of an alloy5 .. the !ro!ortional limit is defined as3 a) the maximum stress that can be induced "ithout !ermanent deformation5 b) the maximum elongation under tension that can be measured before failure c) the strain at the !ro!ortional limit d) the stress that causes failure e) the strain in com!ression note3 Within the !ro!ortional limit the strain (deformation) is !ro!ortional to the stress (load a!!lied) so that the stress-strain cur$e is a straight line. The !ro!ortionality of stress and strain is referred to as ;oo)e#s la". U!on release of the stress the structure "ill return to its original dimensions. The !ro!ortional limit is most often determined in tension. 2. The elastic limit is defined as3 The minimum stress (force) re1uired to induce !ermanent deformation of a structure. As usually close to the !ro!ortional limit although it may be slightly higher. 4. >lastic Cimit3 a. The minimum force a!!lied that cause distortion5 b. As the greatest stress to "hich a material can be subFected5 <. the difference bet"een the !articles of dental !laster and stone die a. the sha!e and si&e of the !articles5 b. the chemical com!osition c. the solubility in "ater d. shelf life e. mixing time note3 Plaster and stone are both calcium sulfate hemihydrates (same chemical com!osition and solubility). -helf life de!ends u!on storage conditions and mixing time is not a Omain difference.Q note3 Plaster of Paris (b-hemihydrate) - !roduced by calcinations (heating) of ground gym!sum in o!en containers - the !articles formed are irregular and !orous - the "ater !o"der ration normally is 6.46

-tone3 (a-hemihydrate) - !roduced by heating of ground gym!sum under "et conditions (saturated steam) in !ressure $essels - the !articles formed are dense crystalline and 1uite regular (until ground for use as a dental !roduct) - the "ater !o"der ratio normally used is 6..6 7. dental gym!sum !roducts are classified as - Ty!e A im!ression !laster - Ty!e AA model !laster 5manufactured from gym!sum by heat in o!en $essels 5re1uires a!!roximately 46-<6 ml ;%: for 166 g !o"der - Ty!e AAA dental stone 5manufactured from gym!sum autocla$ing under steam !ressure at 1%6-1.6 degrees centigrade 5 re1uires a!!roximately .. ml ;%: for 166 g !o"der - Ty!e AD high-strength dental stone 5manufactured from gym!sum by heating in boiling .69 sol. of EaEl% or @g El% or in autocla$e at 126 degrees centigrade "ith +aEl or :rganic *cid =. Potassium citrate and borax are retarders and !otassium chloride !otassium sulfate and Hochelle salt are accelerators of !laster of !aris ?. Ancreasing the "ater in !laster "ill decrease com!ressi$e and tensile strength and "ill decrease setting ex!ansion and increase the setting time because more a1ueous !hase "ill decrease interaction of the crystals 16. The gy!sum in casting in$estment can not only strengthen the in$estment but also a. increase the setting ex!ansion of mold b. !re$ent excessi$e setting ex!ansion of mold c. constitute o$erall ex!ansion of the mold through its setting and hygrosco!ic ex!ansion5 note3 hygrosco!ic ex!ansion of dental casting in$estment sets in contact "ith "ater for exam!le by use of "et asbestos liner in the ring by immersionin "ater or by "ater added techni1ue. 11. /isad$atage of gy!sum dies ' lac) of edge strength 1%. Af the in$estment burnout ra!idly "hat "ill ha!!en a. bac) !ressure !orosity b. crac)ing of the in$estment

1.. What is the disad$antage of the gym!sum dies? a. They lac) accurate re!roduction of surface detail b. Their o$erall dimensions are slightly smaller than the original im!ression c. Their edge strength is unacce!table for burnishing margins5 d. The ha&ard of as!iration of toxic materials during trimming +ote3 electro!lated or e!oxy resin dies are better for adFusting the fit of the casting. 12. The "or)ing time of a !olysulfide syringe im!ression material can be safely and effecti$ey increased by a. greatly altering the baseMaccelerator ratio. Ean be used but this can alter the mechanical !ro!erties on the other hand it is effecti$e "ay of changing curing rate of condensation silicones. b. /oubling the mixing time c. Ehilling the glass slab5 d. *dding % dro!s of ;%: ? accelerates curing rate) e. Heducing the mixing time to %6 secs 14. *lginate im!ression should be remo$ed fast because3 a. At can !roduce syneresis b. Poor surface detail c. @inimi&e distortion5 +ote3 hydrocoliod im!ression should be remo$ed fast from the mouth "ith a shar! Fer) because of the elastic beha$ior of hydrocolloids a sudden dis!lacement of short duration "ill cause less !ermanent deformation than that caused by slo" remo$al from the mouth 1<. Polysul!hide ' hydro!hobic high surface tensile strength a. adhesi$e to tray (no!e in general !olysulfides !olyether and condensation silicones need adhesi$es for resin trays or !erforated trays. b. indi$idual tray (note the less bul)y and e$en ( %-2 mm thic)) im!ression material the more accurate com!ared for hydrocolloids) c. carefully casting of die lo" coefficient of thermal ex!ansion 17. What is the significance of ;ydro!hobic in !olysulfide? a. there NNNNN to be included in the im!ression need not be dried as the material "ill dis!lace sali$a ("et field techni1ue used on re$ersible hydrocolloid only) b. !re$ent bubbles in !ouring c. custom tray constructed d. use of adhesi$e?

1=. Am!ression material "hich is long standing? a. $inyl !olysiloxane5 1?. Bor "hich material "ould it !ro$ed detrimental to lea$e in "ater until its !oured 1 hr later? a. thiolo merca!tan rubber b. !olyether5 (hydro!hilic nature) c. condensation silicone d. !olysiloxane (additon silicone) (!oly-$inyl siloxane) note3 due to hydro!hobicity of silicone im!ression materials they made a hydro!hilic $inyl !olysoloxanes adding a surfactant) better details soft tissue and stone affinity for hydro!hilic surfaces. %6. Which im!ressin materials is more stable so the lab can clean it for %2 hours before !ouring3 $inyl !olysiloxane im!ression material %1. You use s!ecial (custom) tray for rubber base im!ression material fro dro"n "or)3 a. to allo" homogenous thic)ness of the material5 b. to allo" thic) mix %%. *n im!ression in an elastomeric material is ta)en for a seriese of inlays. *fter remo$al from mouth the im!ression is "ashed to remo$e little blood and mucous. Bor each material "hat "ould be detrimental to lea$e in "ater before being !oured one hour later a. Thio)ol and merca!tan !olysulfide b. Polyether5 - absorbs "ater c. Eondensation silicone5 - !rone to shrin)age immediate !ouring d. !lysiloxane %.. What )ind of im!ression material has to be !ut in "ater for 1 hour (dental mat boo)) a. Kn: critical in humidity b. Dinyl silicone? delayed !ouring for %6 mins c. Hubber !olysul!hide ' after .6 mins distortion d. -ilicone rubber after .6mins distortion %2. Which of the follo"ing elastic im!ression materials may be !ut aside for 1 hour before !ouring a model? (boucher !age .=?) a. agar hydrocolloids5 (elastic re$ersible hydrocolloid) b. alginate c. merca!tan rubber (!olysulfides)5 d. silicone rubber

note3 agar may be set aside for u! to 1 hor only if )e!t at 1669 relati$ely humidity and the merca!tan rubber u! to one hour on the bench. :ther materials must be !oured immediately %4. Using adhesi$e in !olysul!hide im!ression material3 thin and dry. %<. ;o" to remo$e alginate im!ression material from mouth "ithout !ermanent distortion ' ra!id Fer) in one motion %7. He$ersible hydrocolloid in com!arison "ith alginate3 a. sol -L gel b. more stronger for undercuts (one !iece im!ression) c. &inc-oxide im!ression !aste used "ith ( im!ression com!ounds) %=. Wax in indirect techni1ue ( ty!e AA soft "ax) is different from the "ax in direct techni1ue (ty!e A medium "ax) a. lo"er solidification tem!5 b. higher flo" in room tem!5 c. some coefficient of thermal ex!ansion d. higher solidification tem! %?. /irect "ax !atterns should be constructed "ith a. ty!e * inlay casting "ax b. ty!e 8 inlay casting "ax 5 c. ty!e E inlay casting "ax ( indirect ) .6. An melting gold "hich !art of the flame "e "ill use3 a. reduced cone5 b. oxidi&ing cone c. li1uidus cone d. any !art of the flame "ill do note3 the reducing cone should be used to minimi&e oxide contamination of the metal !rior to casting .1. The !ro!er &one of the gas-air blo"!i!e flame used for melting casting gold alloys is3 a. the oxidi&ing &one b. the reducing &one5 c. the &one closest to the no&&le d. combination of the oxidi&ing and reducing &ones .%. Ammediating heating of casting "ill cause a. distortion b. shrin)age !orosity c. release of air bubbles d. no effect as long as tem!erature is maintained e. >x!ansion of mould?

... ,old is cast into a hot mold to3 a. hasten solidification of the gold b. maintain thermal ex!ansion of the in$estment5 c. eliminate oxides on the gold casting d. maintain molecular tension note3 "hen using the thermal ex!ansion techni1ue to com!ensate for shrin)age of gold during casting this is !articularly im!ortant. .2. Af the in$estment ring is heated in the burnout o$en too 1uic)ly "hich of the follo"ing "ill result? a. release of P:% b. bac) !ressure !orosity c. no !roblems !ro$ided the o$en tem!erature is )e!t belo" 1%?% farenheight d. crac)ing of the in$estment resulting in finned castings5 note3 ra!id burnout results in crac)ing of the in$estment causing fins on the casting .4. The in$ested soldered assembly is !reheated !rimarily3 a. to dri$e off the sulfides in the in$estment that "ould contaminate the solderd conections b. to obtain a reducing atmos!here that allo"s the solder to flo" more readily c. to firm mu! the soldering in$estment so that it "on#t fla)e off during the soldering o!eration d. to eliminate "ater from the in$estment so that its !resence does not hold do"n the tem!erature of the in$estment.5 note3 the "ater in the in$estment "ould slo" heating of the casting and if heated too ra!idly could cause fracture of the in$estment due to esca!e of steam. .<. ,old alloy Ty!e 1 'ty!e A$ (hardest) .7. ,old casted in hot mold to maintain thermal ex!ansion of the in$estement .=. Eauses of acrylic !orosities ' !acing "ith an acrylic mix that has too much monomer in it under !ac)ing curing too fast and excessi$e tic)ness of acrylic are common causes of !orosity The ra!id curing of acrylic or the heat formed during the !olymeri&ation !rocess is not dissi!ated ra!idly enough. This results ion small $oids form the entra!!ed monomer .?. The greatest cause of !orosity in !orcelain Fac)et cro"n is3 a. moisture contamination b. excessi$e firing tem!erature c. failure to anneal the !latinum matrix

d. excessi$e condensation of the !orcelain e. inade1uate condensation of the !orcelain5 note3 the others "ould not caus e!orosities 26. the most fre1uent casue of brea)age of !orcelain Fac)et cro"n may be due to3 a. inclusion of !latinum foil b. use of "ea) canal c. $oids in !orcelain d. !orcelain thinner by 1 mm5 21. What ty!e of metal is used for a @aryland bridge? 8ase metal alloy 2%. Ehrome cobalt clas! com!ared to gold clas! about modulus of elasticity- more stiff chrome cobalt 2.. The !ur!ose of flux use3 a. !re$ention of too much melting of the gold b. to !re$ent oxidation of the metal5 22. Easting flux should be used a. to !re$ent contamination of the gold from the asbestos liner b. to !re$ent too ra!id melting of gold c. only "ith gold tat has been !re$iously cast d. to !re$ent oxidation of the metal during melting5 note3 the !ur!ose of flux is to reduce surface oxides on the metal !rior to casting 24. The !ur!ose of flux in dental soldering is to3 a. reduce metallic oxides5 b. enhance a reducing en$ironment "hile soldering5 c. lo"er the melting tem!erature of the alloy d. lo"er the melting tem!erature of the solder note3 the flux reduces oxides and maintains that en$ironment "hile soldering. At does not lo"er the tem!erature of the alloy or the solder 2<. -train hardening deformation in room tem!erature to ma)e the metal stonger and harder. The surface hardness and strength and !ro!ortional limit of the metal are increased "ith strain hardening "hereas the ductility and resistance to corrosion are decreased. ;o"e$er the elastic modulus is not changed a!!reciably. 27. *nnealing the effects associated "ith cold hardening can be re$ersed by annealing. This is com!rised of . stages3 reco$ery recrystalli&ation and grain gro"th. Uses half the tem!erature to melt the alloy 2=. -udden heat of the instrument ' cra&ingM crac)ing?

2?. Wrought structures are those that are a. !ro!erly annealed b. 1uenched from a high tem!erature c. constitute to o$erall thermal ex!ansion of the mould through its setting and hygrosco!ic ex!ansion d. cold "or)ed5 46. Use of flux ' to reduce or remo$e the oxides 41. +arro" s!rue "ill cause a. fracture of casting b. distortion of casting5 c. shrin)age !orosity of casting 4%. The s!rue for "ax !attern should in an @:/ a. be !laced at !eri!hery of !attern b. at !oint of greatest bul) of "ax5 c. at !oint of least bul) d. !roximal areas 4.. * s!rue should be3 a. !laced so that the "ax !attern is atleast 1% mm from the to! of the crucible b. 1= gauge in diameter c. luted to the smooth !roximal surface of a class AA "ax !attern d. formed to include a reser$oir for large only5 +ote3 the length of the s!rue bet"een the height of thec rucible and the "ax !attern should be short from T to .M= inches. The diameter should be e1ual of the thic)est segment of the "ax !attern in the range of 16-12 gauge. At should be s!rued at the locale tat "ill result in the least turbulence of the molten material flo"ing into the mold. Heser$oir are re1uired to !re$ent Oshrin) s!otsQ es!ecially "hen casting "ith air !ressure or if the casting is large. 42. Which of the follo"ing describes re1uirements of a s!rue? a. to lead the molten metal into the mold ca$ity "ith as much turbulence as !ossible in order to force out tra!!ed gases b. to be as long as !ossible in order to s!eed the flo" of gold into the mold ca$ity c. to ha$e the thinnest diameter !ossible to insure that the s!rue solidifies before the "ax !attern d. to be smooth "ith no shar! corners and to funnel into the thic)est !ortion of the "ax !attern5 note3 turbulence is not desireable since it tends to !roduce $oids in the castingG long or thin s!rues "ould tend to solidify before the casting resulting in an incom!lete casting.

44. /enture resins are usually a$ailable as a !o"der and a li1uid that are mixed to form a !lastic dough. The !o"der referred to as the3 a) initiator b) !olymer5 c) inhibitor d) monomer e) dimmer The li1uid usually contains3 f) an accelerator g) ben&oyl !eroxide h) an inhibitor5 i) a buffer F) a catalyst 4<. The catalyst em!loyed in self curing resins is3 a. ;ydro1uinone b. @ethyl metacrylate c. -tyrene d. * tertiary amine5 e. 8en&oin methyl ether +ote3 hydro1iunone is the retarder for the monomerG methyl methacrylate is the main com!onent of the monomer. -tyrene is a monomer not normally found in self curing resinsG ben&oin methyl ether is used to acti$ate sealnt and com!osites that are cured by ulta$iolet light. 47. Polymeri&ation of heat cured methyl metacrylate is initiated by3 a. a tertiary amine b. a ben&yol !eroxide free radical5 c. double bonds in the monomer molecule d. hydro1uinone e. formation of long !olymer chains +ote3 ben&yol !eroxide is acti$ated by heat. ;ydro1iunone is !resent in minute 1uantities as an inhibitor to increase shelf life. Tertiary amine are used as acti$ator for ben&yol !eroxide in self curing resins. 4=. Eom!are cold cure "ith heat cures resin- more residual monomer 4?. Polymeri&ation of heat cured methylmethacrylate is initiated by a ben&oyl !eroxide free radical <6. The boiling !oint of methyl methacrylate is 0 166.= degrees centigrade (%1..2B)

<1. Cist % acce!table time-tem!erature curing cycles for scrylic dentures. - 1<6 degrees farenheight for ? hours - 1<6 degrees farenheight for 1 R hours then boil for .6 mins <%. Polymeri&ation of methyl metacrylate monomer is accom!anied by $olumetric shrin)age of3 a. 79 b. %195 c. 169 note3 denture base resins are usually mixed in the !olymer to monomer ratio of . to 1 by $olume so that the $olumetric shrin)age is 79

Prosthodontics 1. *nte#s Ca"3 the combined !ericemental area of the abutment teeth should be e1ual to or greater in !ericemental area than the tooth or teeth to be re!laced %. What is the common cause of failure of PIE? a) failure to )ee! at least 1 mm of thic)ness5 b) $oids .. Porcelain failures in !orcelain fused to gold restorations are most commonly due to a) inade1uate thic)ness of !orcelain b) !oorly designed gold frame "or)5 c) failure to gold !late the metal !rior to !orcelain a!!lication d) too great a thic)ness of !orcelain note3 Andae1uate frame"or) design resulting in flexing of the meatl and fracture of the !orcelain is the most common cause of failure. 2. The reduction of labial surface for the !orcelain fused to metal3 Tylman a) 1.4 mm- % mm5 b) 1 mm 4. The labial as!ect of the !orcelain bonded to metal restoration should be3 (8oucher) a) reduced U mm o$erall !lus as additional U mm in the incisal third b) reduced in t"o !lanes follo"ing the original contours of the tooth5 c) reduced 1 R mm o$erall d) reduced !arallel to the long axis of the tooth

note3 failure to follo" the contours of the tooth "ill result in too little s!ace for metal and !orcelain in the incisal or occlusal !ortion of the labial surface or excessi$e reduction in the gingi$al !ortion. Ehoice (a) is incorrect as a minimum of 1.6 mm should be remo$ed in the gingi$al area "hile (c) "ill normally result in reducing too close to the !ul! in the gingi$al area. Ehoice (d) is often undesireable for obtaining the best !ath of insertion. <. What )ind of bridge for anterior segment of class AA di$ AA a) @aryland b) Eantile$er ty!e? c) Elassic bridge 7. * dentist !rimarily s!lints adFacent abutment teeth in a fixed !artial denture in order to a) im!ro$e the distributin of occlusal load5 b) im!ro$e retention of the !rosthesis c) facilitate !la1ue control d) im!ro$e embrasure contours e) !reser$e remaining al$eolar su!!ort f) stabili&e the abutment teeth g) im!ro$e mesio-distal s!acing note3 a) is generally the reason for s!linting although occasionally b) is a factor. There is no e$idence that s!linting "ould !romote better !la1ue control or !reser$e al$eolar su!!ort and the original natural embrasures are generally as good as or better than those !roduced by cro"ns. =. Bailure of the maryland bridge. +o !roblem "ith design and occlusion "hat "ould you do? a) reduced the enamel and re-etched and cement b) reduce enamel reduce the tags and recement c) !ro!hylaxis "ith !umice and ;%6 retched and recement5 ?. @aryland bridge remo$ed a) !olish !umice re-acid etch recement5 b) reduce lingual c) ma)e ne" bridge d) reduce mesial e) reduce distal 16. Cabially !laced gold PIE ' ho" "ill the a!!earance be? a) narro" b) longer c) broad5

11. Ty!e AD ,old inlay3 is not used for inlay as because it is difficult to burnish 1%. Bixed 8ridge3 ,old used a) gold alloy ductile b) ductile c) hard5 d) high elasticity 1.. Porcelain Fac)et Ero"n bluish margin means a) !oor marginal ada!tation5 b) cement im!ro!er 12. When @aryland loses retention this usuaaly occurs a) metal resin function5 b) "ithin resin c) resin enamel interface 14. @aryland bridges are best made "ith a) ,old alloy formulated for bonding "ith !orcelain b) -ingle base metal alloy? c) @ulti !hase alloy 1<. Bailure of Porcelain Fac)et cro"n ' less than 1 mm thic)ness 17. Bailure of Porcelain in $eneer metal restoration ' !oor bac) metal design 1=. Porcelain failure in !orcelain fused to gold restorations are most commonly dueto a) inade1uate thic)ness of !orcelain b) !oorly designed gold frame "or)5 c) failure to gold !late the metal !rior to !orcelain a!!lication d) too greate a tic)ness of !orcelain note3 inade1uate frame"or) design resulting in flexing of the metal and fracture of the !orcelain is the most common cause of failure 1?. Bixed bridges re1uires the use of3 a) ductile gold alloys b) hard gold alloy AAA5 c) gold alloy "ith high elasticity %6. Bixed bridge contraindicated "hen s!an is long %1. Porcelain bonded to metal restorations are contraindicated in long s!ans because3 a) the shrin)age of the large bul) of !orcelain distorts the metal frame"or)5 b) the metal used is inherently too flexible for long s!ans

c) the metal used is inherently too !rone to fracture in long s!ans d) the !orcelain shrin)age "ill cause cra&ing of !orcelain in long s!an note3 the metal use is sufficiently strong and stiff if !ro!erly designed but shrin)age of the !orcelain during firing "ill cause distortion in a long s!an bridge unless the !orcelain mass is se!arated into % or more !arts. Era&ing is a !roblem of material handling not reated to length of s!an. %%. 8luish line gingi$al margin !orcelain Fac)et cro"n (-)inner) a) incorrect cementation b) !oor marginal ada!tation5 c) trauma of occlusion %.. Toxic !roduct of !orcelain %2. Am!regnated cord in the gingi$al (during !re!aring for the cro"n) a) "ill ma)e !ermanent damage of the gingi$al b) !ac)ing string is necessary to a$oid destroying the ET %4. Eantile$er bridge for u!!er canine use 2 and 4 for abutments %<. What "ould be the contraindication for a cro"n construction a) short clinical cro"n b) high caries rate5 c) bruxism %7. Eauses of fixed !artial denture failure are many. The cause "ith the highest !ercentage of occurrence is3 a) fracture of the com!onents b) !ul!al in$ol$ement and !athology c) caries5 d) failure of the luting media note3 Hecurrent caries is the most fre1uently seen failure in fixed restorations %=. Hough surface of !orcelain ( or !orosity) resulted a) in lac) of com!ression or condensation5 b) of sudden high tem!erature %?. * !orcelain cro"n may a!!ear too o!a1ue ? not translucent enough) because3 a) the !orcelain "as not !ro!erly condenced b) the !orcelain "as dried too ra!idly c) a !ro!er $acuum "as not used during ba)ing d) all of the abo$e are correct5

note3 all of the factors listed can contribute to excessi$e o!acity by tending to increase !orosity "hich !roduces a more o!a1ue !orcelain .6. The most common failure in constructing !orcelain to metal3 im!ro!er metal frame"or)5 .1. Eantile$er bridge has a !ontic connected to a reatainer at one end only .%. The maxillary canine is missing the best "ay for ma)ing cantile$er bridge a) both !remolars ' bonded !orcelain ' one !iece cast5 b) incisors and !remolars ... Why don#t you use !orcelain in long s!an bridge"or)? a) because of high casting shrin)age of !orcelain5 b) the metal used is inherently too flexible for long s!ans c) the metal used is inherentlytoo !rone to fracture in long s!ans d) the !orcelain shrin)age "ill cause cra&ing of the !orcelain in long s!ans note3 the metal used is sufficiently strong and stiffif !ro!erly designed but shrin)age of the !orcelainduring firing "ill cuase distortion in a long s!an bridge unless the !orcelain mass is se!arated into t"o or more !arts. Era&ing is a !roblem of material handling not related to the length of s!an. .2. When a @aryland bridge loses retention at the retainer and occurs during the first month. Bracture is at the3 a) metal-resin Function5 b) "ithin the resin layer c) at the resin enamel Function d) enamel surface .4. Which is the most retenti$e for an anterior bridge? a) U cro"n5 b) !inlay c) inlay .<. Why gold ty!e A not good for sim!le inlay? a) not abrade li)e enamel b) not good burnishing c) difficult to cast d) bad corrosion resistance note3 Ty!e A (soft) ' small inlays easily burnishable and subFect to slight stress

Ty!e AA (medium) ' inlays subFect to moderate stress thic) U cro"n abutments !ontics and full cro"ns Ty!e AAA (hard) ' inlays subFect to high stress thin U cro"ns thin casting bac)ings abutments !ontics full cro"ns and deture base and short s!an fixed !artial dentures and short s!an fixed !artial dentures Ty!e AD (extra hard) ' Anlays subFect to $ery high stresses denture base bars and clas!s !artial denture frame"or)s and long- s!an fixed !artial dentures (Bull cro"n are often made of this ty!e) +ote3 Ty!e AAA and AD Ocro"n and bridge alloysQ .7. The u!!er molar tooth in order to gain retention diminish !eriodontal trauma and conser$e tissue ( tooth) "hich is more ad$isable? a) Bull $eneer cro"n b) U $eneer gold gro"n5 c) Wrought full $eneer cro"n d) Porcelain fused to gold cro"n .=. The reduction of labial surface in !orcelain to metal cro"n should be at least3 a) 1.4 mm5 b) 1.6 mm .?. ,old bridges re1uires use of a) ductile gold alloys b) hard gold alloys5 c) gold alloys "ith high elasticity 26. @ost fre1uent cause of brea)age of !orcelain Fac)et cro"n restoration may result from? a) inclusion of !latinum foil b) use of "ea) cement c) $oids in the !orcelain d) !orcelain thinner than 1 mm5 21. 8lue line in !orcelain Fac)et cro"n ' !oor marginal ada!tation 2%. What is the cement used for @aryland? a) restorati$e resin b) resin cement5 c) KnP:2 2.. Tem!orary cementation of bridge a) AH@5 b) Eom!osite c) ,lass Aonomer

22. ;o" "ould you im!ro$e retention of @aryland bridge? a) incor!orate mesh "or) in "ax b) salt techni1ue c) electrolytic etching5 d) !erforation in cast 24. Pre!aration of the tooth for @aryland bridge a) reduction of the cingulum5 b) slight reduction of the incisal edge lingually 2<. * !atient comes to you "ith u!!er canine missing "hich of the follo"ing "ill you suggest? a) cantile$er from central to lateral b) cantile$er from 1st and %nd !remolar5 c) cantile$er from 1st !remolar 27. Where should the gingi$al margins of cro"ns and other restoration be !laced for maximal teeth 'su!ragingi$al 2=. Pontics of the anterior bridge a) Fust touches the al$eolar ridge5 b) im!inges the al$eolar ridge c) anterior of the al$eolar ridge 2?. * cro"n casting "ith a chamfer margin fits the die. An the mouth. The casting is o!en a!!roximately 6.. mm. * satisfactory fit and an accurate !hysioilogic contour of the gingi$al area of the cro"n can be best achie$ed by? a) hand brushing b) mechanical burnishing c) using finishing burs ans !oints to remo$e enamel margins on the tooth d) ma)ing a ne" im!ression and rema)ing the cro"n 5 e) relie$eing the inside of the occlusal surface of the casting to allo" for further sealing 46. What is the relationshi! of retenti$e !ortion of !artial deture retainer to sur$ey line off abutment tooth? a) to"ards gingi$al5 b) to"ards occlusal c) mid"ay bet"een occlusal and gingi$al 41. sur$eying? a) 1st3 !arallel occlusal !lane to ser$eyor table b) %nd 3 tilt antero-!osterior to get !arallel !roximal surfaces c) .rd3 get undercut locations

4%. Cocation of rest seat in attrited teeth? 4.. * !atient aged 46 years !resents "ith loss of all lo"er molars "ith the bicus!ids and ananteriors remaining in good condition. At is decided to ma)e. * E*-T @>T*C />+TUH> A+E:HP:H*T>/ *- * -*//C> E:++>ET:H WAT; A+/AH>ET H>T*A+>H EC*-P- *+/ :EECU-*C H>-T. What is the design of the metal or maFor connectors ' !late touching the lingual !art of the lo"er and slightly clear of the lingual mucosa 42. What is the relationshi! of the retenti$e !ortion of a !artial denture retainer to the sur$ey line? a) abo$e ( occlusal or incisal) b) 8elo" (gingi$al)5 c) :n the sur$ey line d) Partly on the sur$ey line and !artly belo" e) +ot related to the sur$ey line 44. The !artial denture is stable in the master cast but in the !atient not stable. The source of error is3 a) in the im!ression5 b) in the lab 4<. Elas! fracture "hen it3 exceeds its elastic limit 47. An an HP/ the !rinci!al function of the indirect retainer is to a) stabili&e against lateral mo$ement5 b) !re$ent sitting of the maFor connector c) aids in retention note3 indirect retainers ia s !art of a remo$able !artial denture that assists the direct retainers in !re$enting dis!lacement of other than tooth su!!orted denture bases a"ay from the basal seats by functioning through le$er action on the o!!osite side of fulcrum line. 4=. >$en "hen not used as indirect retainers canine extensions continuous bar retainers and linguo!lates should not be used "ithout terminal rests because of the resultant forces effecti$e "hen they are !laced on inclined !lanes. True 4?. :cclusal rest should be designed so that masticatory forces are directed3 a) hori&ontally b) along the long axis of su!!orting tooth5 c) mesially

<6. The non-rigid connector in fixed remo$able bridge ' distal o anterior retainer <1. *n old !atient "ith $ery healthy anterior teeth he lost the molars of the lo"er Fa". Youd ecided to construct a free-end saddle. The design of the maFor connector should be3 no touch to teeth or gingi$a <%. undercut for cobalt (retenti$e arm clas!) a) 6.74 b) 6.46 c) 6.%45 <.. Adeally reci!rocal elements of the clas! assembly should be located at the Function of the gingi$al and middle thirds of the cro"ns of the abutment teeth. The terminal end of the retenti$e arm of the clas!s is o!timally !laced in the gingi$al third of the cro"n. <2. Tightening a clas! against the tooth or looseningh it a"ay from the tooth increases or decreases frictional resistance rather than adFusting the retenti$e !otential of the clas!s <4. Why do you !olish the teeth before insertion of !artial denture? To smoothen the rough surface <<. The contact bet"een artificial and natural teeth in !artial denture (li)e natural teeth) slight tough in the balancing side <7. /esigning of ligual bar? Usually o$al in cross section a!!roximately . mm dee! and 1.4 mm thic) although occasionally a bar of a half !ear sha!ed section is used. The bar should be !ositioned so that the u!!er border is atleast % mm belo" the gingi$al margins of the standing teeth and its lo"er border is not less than % mm abo$e the floor of the mouth.. Therefor the needed s!ace is 7 mm. Af less use a liguo!late and if more the bar should be !laced as lo" as !ossible to !re$ent irritation to the tongue. Eannot be used in se$er lingual undercut or lingual !lacent of the lo"er anterior teeth. <=. Cingual !late ' %mm belo" the incisal edge and % mm relief from the functional le$el of the floor of the mouth. <?. Cabial bar "hen the dentition is retroinclined. The labial bar often gi$e rise to aesthetic !roblems. At mat aso cause irritation to the li!s and chee)s. :n the basis its use is usually reser$ed for those cases "here no alternati$e is !ossible. 76. ,old clas! is more elastic than cobalt chrome but E.E. has high modulus of elasticity. The first is true the second statement is false

71. Af the maFor connector before relining El A Jennedy "as touching the teeth but after relining it is not touching you should ha$e done added more im!ression material during ta)ing the im!ression +ote3 reining of distal extension remo$able !artial dentures re1uires the same im!ression !rocedures and obser$ations that are associated "ith a O secondary im!ression techni1ue. -tate threee obFecti$es that may be reali&ed by this method. (1) denture frame"or) may be returned to its intended relationshi! "ith the su!!orting teeth. (%) Heestablishment of o!timal tissue su!!ort for the denture base (.) Hestoration of the original occlusal relationshi! "ith o!!osing teeth. 7%. * dentist ma)ing an im!ression to reline a distal extension base notes that indirect retainers are not in their res!ecti$e abutment teeth. ;e should3 a) finish the reline !rocedure reali&ing that the denture bas "ill settle agin b) use additional im!ression material in the denture base c) not to be concerned "ith the relationshi! of the indirect retainers to the abutment teeth d) start o$er and do it correctly5 note3 use less !ressure im!ression techni1ue. 7.. Tooth borne remo$able !artial denture bases should be relined "hen3 a) food routinely s entra!!ed bet"een the residual ridge and the denture base5 b) the su!!lied teeth on the denture bases are not in occlusion c) an occlusal rest is bro)en d) the denture has been in ser$ice for 1= months. 72. Helining of tooth borne deture bases "hen indicated may be accom!lished "ith ato!olymeri&ing acrylic resin as a chairside !rocedure because a) it is a less ex!ensi$e !rocess b) it eliminates laboratory !rocedure c) the denture base recei$es its su!!ort from the teeth as o!!osed to recei$ing it from residual ridges5 d) the dental assistant can !erform the ser$ice. 74. HPA ' !ro$ides more fa$orable loading distribution 7<. You decide to re!lace the anterior missing teeth for a !artial denture using the bridge "hy? a) because of esthetic5 b) o$erFet 77. When sur$eying tilting the cast

7=. -ome uses of a dental cast sur$eyor are3 a) sur$eying the diagnostic cast b) recountering abutment teeth on the diagnostic cast c) contouring "ax !atterns d) measuring a s!ecific de!th of undercut e) sur$eying ceramic $eneer cro"ns f) !lacing internal rests g) machining cast restoration h) sur$eying and bloc)ing out master cast i) all of the abo$e5 7?. What factors determine the !ath of !lacement and remo$al !artial denture? a) guiding !lanes5 b) sex of !atient c) retenti$e areas5 d) areas of interference5 e) esthetics5 f) all of the abo$e are correct =6. The end result of selecting a suitable antero!osterior tilt shuld be !ro$ided the greatest area of !arallel !roximal surface that may act as guiding !lanes. True =1. The lateral tilt of a master cast "ill be the !osition that !ro$ides e1ual retenti$e areas on all !rinci!al abutments in relation to !lanned clas! design True =%. What statement is false3 not to sur$ey "hen ma)ing the cro"n? =.. Hetenti$e !art of the clas! !osition is belo" the sur$ey line =2. Bree end saddle !artial denture to reduce the load? =4. * distal extension remo$able !artial denture gains its su!!ort through abutment teeth and residual ridges (True) =<. Hetenti$e clas!s criteria? Which of the follo"ing factors determines the amount of retention that a clas! is ca!able of generating? a) degree of the angle of cer$ical con$ergence5 b) ho" far into the angle of cer$ical con$ergence the clas! terminal is !laced5 c) flexibility of the clas! arm5 =7. Cingual bar and lingual !late3 a) accumulation of !la1ue on labial bar is less than the accumulated on labial !late

==. When a remo$able !artial denture is com!letely seated the retenti$e terminal of the clas! arms should be a) !assi$e and a!!lying no !ressure on the teeth5 b) contacting thhe abutment teeth only in the su!rabuldge areas c) resting lightly on the height of contour line on the abutment tooth d) a!!lying a definite !ositi$e force on the aburtment tooth in order to !re$ent dislodgement of the remo$able denture. =?. Which of the follo"ing are the common errors in designing an HP/? a) o$erloading of su!!orting teeth5 b) sus!ending a free end saddle bet"een an occlusal rest on an anterior abutment and !osterior border of the ridge c) failing to recogni&e that an HP/#s !rime function is to stabili&e and restore each arch d) failing to understand that the % !rime function of occlusal rest are to !ro$ide indirect retention and to tansfer load to abutment teeth e) inade1uate use of saddle areas to su!!ort tooth borne restorations ?6. An a remo$able !artial denture !rinci!al function of indirect retainer is to a) stabili&e against lateral mo$ement5 b) !re$ent tilting of maFor connector c) restrict tissue "ard mo$ement of the distal extension base of the !artial denture note3 indirect retainer is a !art of a remo$able !artial denture that assists the direct retainers in !re$enting dis!lacement of other than tooth su!!orted denture bases a"ay from basal seats by functioning through le$er action on the o!!osite side of the fulcrum ?1. The rest seat for an occlusal rest should be !re!ared so that it is a) !arallel to !lane of occlusion b) at right angle to the minor connector c) slo!!ing a!ically to"ards the center of the occlusal fossa of the abutment teeth5 d) at right angle to the long axis of the tooth ?%. The outline form of an occlusal rest should be3 a) a rounded triangular sha!e "ith the a!ex nearest the center of the tooth b) as long as it is "ide and the base of the triangle sha!e should be the same dimension as one-half of the distance bet"een the ti!s of the adFacent buccal and lingual cus!s of the abutment tooth c) usually the marginal ridge at the site of the rest should be lo"ered a!!roximately 1.4 mm d) all of the abo$e are correct5

?.. The floor of the occlusal rest seat should be inclined slightly to"ard3 a) the marginal ridge b) the buccal surface c) the lingual surface d) the center fo the tooth5 ?2. The angle formed by the occlusal rest and $ertical minor connector from "hich it originates should be less than a right angle. True ?4. The rationale for !ro$iding a mesio-occlusal rest on a terminal abutment adFacent to a distal extension area as !art of the direct retainer assembly is3 a) easier to !re!are b) esthetically more acce!table c) more of the residual ridge is utili&ed to su!!ort the denture base5 d) all of the abo$e are correct ?<. Where should occlusal rest seats logically be !re!ared on !osterior tooth abutments of a class AAA !artially edentulous arch? a) on the !ortion of occlusal surfaces adFacent to the edentulous area5 b) on the !ortion of occlusal surfaces farthest from the edentulous area c) lingual surface of the !osterior abutment ?7. We !olish the natural abutment before seating the HP/ a) to match the colors b) smooth surfaces5 c) to !re$ent !la1ue formation and good oral hygiene ?=. The difference bet"een chromium cobalt and gold clas!s a) chromium cobalt is more flexible (elastic) than gold b) ,old is more elastic (flexible) than chromium cobalt5 +ote3 ,old alloys ha$e a modlus of elasticity (stiffness) a!!roximately one-half of that of chromium-cobalt alloys for similar use ??. The greatest aount of stress an alloy "ill "ithstand and still return to its oroginal sha!e in an un"ea)ened condition is called 0 Yield -trength 166. Ehromium cobalt alloys generally ha$e a higher yield strength than do the gold alloys used for remo$able !artial dentures. Balse 161. Ehromium ' cobalt alloys alloys "ill deform !ermanently at lo"er loads than "ill gold alloys. True

16%.

-tiffness of an alloy is )no"n as the @odulus of elasticity

16.. ,old alloys ha$e a modulus of elasticity a!!roximately R of that of chromium-cobalt alloys for similar uses (True) 162. * ;igh yield strength and a lo" modulus of elasticity !roduce high flexibility 164. Ehromium cobalt easier to "or) harden than gold

16<. Ehromium cobalt ha$e a lo"er density than gold alloys in com!arable sections and are therefore about R as hea$y as the gold alloys (True) 167. Andirect retainer3 a) stability of the denture against hori&ontal forces b) !re$ention of tissue- "ard mo$ement in distal area c) assist the direct retainers in !re$enting dis!lacement of the denture than tooth su!!orted denture bases a"ay from the basal seat 5

16=. The direction of the occlusal rest3 HP/ - At is s!oon sha!e directly a!ically at the middle of the occlusal surface 16?. 116. * cast chrome cobalt clas! in a !remolar should be short circumferential clas! inrfrabulge clas! (roach) 6.6%4Q in undercut the seat for the occlsal rest should be !re!ared so that it is a) !arallel to the !lane of occlusion b) at right angle to the minor connector c) slo!!ing a!ically from the center of the occlusal fossae of the abutment tooth5 d) at right angle to the long axis of the tooth ' should be less than a right angle

111. Bunction of an indirect retainer ' !re$ents saddle mo$ement a"ay from the tissues "rong assist the direct retainer only 11%. * !artial denture that fits the master cast fails to fit in the !atient#s mouth ' distortion of the im!ression 11.. To release a chromic clas! you need more force than that needed to release gold clas! because less flexible

112.

Precision attachment !artial detures (retainers) is by3 a) the clas!s should be belo" the undercut ser$e as indirect retainer action b) male and female )eys

114. Precision attachment - direct retention by friction resistance and s!ring action ( boo)). This consist of t"o units one being attached to an butment tooth the other being attached to the denture saddle. 11<. Helining free-end saddle a) Put the frame"or) in its original relation to the su!!orting teeth5 b) Ta!!ing "ith o!!osite teeth Undercut for EoEr is .%4 mm retenti$e arm clas! of hori&ontal undercut

117.

11=. An remo$able !artial denture the !rinci!al function of the indirect retainer is to restrict tissue "ard mo$ement of the distal extension base of the !artial denture. +o!e rest 11?. muscle that acts on the border of the mandibular deture (com!lete) a) tem!oralis b) mentalis5 c) Cateral !terygoid d) Ce$ator anguli oris e) :rbicularis oris +ote3 lateral - @asseter muscle buccinator modiolus orbicularis oris tongue medial !terygoid muscle and ramus of mandible +ote3 borders ' mylohyoid masseter lingual labial and bucall fenum buccinator Ulceration on the crest of the mandibular ridge under a com!lete denture? a) Unbalanced occlusion5 b) did not relie$e the denture before !rocessing c) !ressure s!ots at the time of im!ression- adFust "ith disclosing !aste5 d) s!iney ridge crest ' !ro$ides relief in the denture5 e) excessi$e $ertical dimension5 f) rough and shar! !roFections fro the inside of the denture5 g) allergy to denture base5 h) fungal bacterial and $iral infections i) dietary $itamin or mineral deficiencies F) hormonal imbalance and bruxism

1%6.

1%1. *reas of abrasion are indicati$e of faulty occlusion. *n area aho"ing lacerated mucosa at the border area of a denture is indicati$e of o$erextension 1%%. * !atient "ant to re!lace missing anterior teeth "hat "ould you consider before re!lacement? a) amount of ridge resor!tion 1%.. 1%2. :$erdenture is good because of3 !ro!rioce!tors Bor the stability of the lo"er denture3 a) the occlusal !lane should be belo" the tongue b) the occlusal !lane should be abo$e the tongue c) The lingual flangs should be conca$e d) :cclusal !lane should be at the le$el of the tongue5

1%4. Bo$ea !alatini landmar) to determine the !osterior border of the u!!er denture3 Posterior dam 0 "rong anterior area The incisi$e !a!illa is usually =-16 mm anterior to the center of the incisi$e !a!illa. The ti!s of the canines are also related to the center of the !a!illa and a high !ercentage of canines are (M- 1 mm at the center of the incisi$e !a!illa. 1%<. Tissue conditioning materials(silicon resilient) lining are more resilient than !lastic acrylic 1%7. What are tissue conditioning material? They are resilient soft flo"ing reline materials that transmit the continuous stress of force and motion through the occluding dentures to the basal seat tissues.The materials allo"s for conditioning of the mucosa but also allo"s the mucosa to regain its original form. The o6bFecti$e of this material is to reduce inflamed and istorted soft tissues and to !ro$ide a dynamaic im!ression for denture relining.

1%=. Eus!s of maxillary first !remolar during setting of teeth "hen you loo) at it occlusally "hat is the !osition of the !alatal cus!3 a) @esially5 b) /istally 1%?. Post dam extension should beG a) on the hard !alate b) thic)er anteriorly and thin !osteriorly c) on the soft !alate5 note3 $ibrating line of !alate is an imaginary line dra"n across the !alate that mar)s the beginning of motion in the soft !alate "hen the !atient says OahQ. At usually !asses about % mm in front of the fo$ea !alatinae. Theis is on soft !alate not a Function bet"een the soft and hard !alate

1.6. * !atient comes bac) "ithin t"o days of an immediate denture fit is com!laining of soreness a) bio!sy b) relief5 c) antibiotic d) reline 1.1. * !atient aged 46 years !resents "ith loss of all lo"ere molar "ith the bicus!ids and anteriors remaining in good condition. At is decided to ma)e a cast metal denture incor!orating a saddle connector "ith indirect retainer clas!s and occlusal rest. What is the design of the maFor connector ' Plate the metal touching the lingual of the lo"er and slightly clear of the lingual mucosa a) clear of the teeth gingi$al and lingual mucosa b) slightly embedded in the lingual mucosa to sto! food getting under c) touching the lingual of the lo"er incisors and slightly embedded into lingual mucosa d) touching the lingual of the lo"erincisors and clear of the lingual mucosa5 1.%. Patient "ith com!lete denture and bilateral angular chelitis the most li)ely cause is3 a) $it. 8 deficiency b) closed $ertical dimension5 1... *ngular cheilitisis the inflammation of the angles of the li!s. 1) loss of $ertical dimension may cause fissures at the corner of the mouth. -een often in edentulous !atients "earing dentures "ith insufficient $ertical dimension. /rying of the sali$a drooled into the fissures may result in ulcerations resembling a $itamin deficiency. Eandida albicans is often a causati$e organisms of associated inflammation %) Eheilosis G Ditamin 8 Eom!lex deficiency .) !lummer-$inson syndrome3 resembles 8 a$itaminosis Treatment is as follo"s3 a) remo$e from en$ironment a!!lication of moisteners shielding by clothing or hood. b) elimination of smo)ing or changing to another form of smo)ing !erha!s e$en filter-ti!!ed cigarettes a!!lication of mild antise!tic antibiotic sal$es ' mycostatin. c) restore correct $ertical relationshi! d) !rescribe a b com!lex grou! $itamin.

Posterior border of u!!er denture is !laced 3 a) on hard !alate b) immobile soft !alate5 c) Function of soft and hard !alate note3 the distal end of the u!!er denture must extend at least to the $ibrating line "hich is in the soft !alate anterior to the fo$ea !alatinae ( $ibrating line)

1.2.

1.4.

:ral tissues su!!orting u!!er denture get blood su!!ly from3 a) descending !alatine artery and !osterior su!erior al$eolar artery5 b) glosso!haryngeal artery An edentulous mouth hy!ertro!hied tissue a) may be caused by trauma under old denture5 b) "ill ta)e $ery great biting stress c) "ill be irritated by further !ressure

1.<.

1.7. T@I !roblem has !ain soreness and tenderness to !al!ation o$er the Foint muscular imbalance (fatigue trismus)G midline di$iation "hen o!eningG cre!itus of T@I head nec) and bac) !ainsG disturbances in the middle ear causing $ertigo nausea tinnitus or hearing loss. 1.=. What is the treatment !lan for a denture !atient "ith T@I sym!toms and a closed $ertical dimension? Place a tem!orary acrylic s!lint o$er the teeth. 8ilateral comfortand con$enience of che"ing for a !eriod of one month are re1uired before final restorations are made. :!ening gradually the $ertical dimension shold be done gradually. Eom!lete restoration of the $ertical in one ste! might "ell result in failure of the muscular to ada!t. 1.?. What is the treatment for a !atient "ith T@I sym!toms "hen the $ertical a!!arently is correct? Put the !atient in soft diet a!!ly hot "et !ac)sto T@I area and use muscle relaxant drugs. Ehec) the dentures carefully for faulty occlusions and eliminate the !ossibility of clenching or bruxing. 126. increased free "ay s!ace o$er closure T@I !ain

121. cause of chee) biting ' inade1uate buccal o$erFet of u!!er !osterior teeth grossly o$erclosed $ertical dimension (decrease free"ay s!ace) and !oor !atient coordination and control. 12%. * !atient has denture stomatitis treatment is to lea$e the denture out not "orn for a !eriod or relie$ed extensi$ely 12.. Which is not used to determine $ertical length of occlusion ( free"ay s!ace) interocclusal clearance) 122. clic)ing noise of com!lete denture during s!eech is generally caused by3 a) a loose fitting denture b) ne"ly rebased denture c) insufficient free"ay s!ace(too much $ertical dimension)5 d) too much free "ay s!ace

124. 12<.

centric relation - occlusion in the most retruded !osition of the mandible /esirable to change D/ a) ne" facebo" b) ne" centric occlusion5 c) different teeth d) increase D/

127. Eentric occlusion is the raltion of the o!!osing occlusal surfaces "hich can !ro$ide the maximum !lanned contact intercus!ation or the occlusion of teeth "hen the mandible is in centric relation "ith the maxilla. 12=. Terminal ;inge Position is the mandibular !osition (condyles in the most retruded !osition) from "hich further o!eing of the mandible "ould !roduce translatory rather than hinge mo$ement. 12?. >rror in remounting denture a) in im!ression b) Fa" relationshi!5 c) in flas)ing d) unstable base!late -!lint-cast techni1ue ' correction of occlusal errors?

146.

141. Porosity of thic) !art of the denture (locali&ed)3 due to incorrect heating (ra!id curing of acrylic) 14%. 14.. T@I Foint !ain (myofacial discomfort) a) at !eo!le "ith minor chronic illnesses5 b) "ith age @aFor- connectors in lo"er !artial dentures3 a) lingual bar5 b) lingual !late c) labial bar Hesting !osture of the mandible3 not changing throughout life (EIH)

142.

144. The ala-tragus line 3 a line that runs from the direction of the inferior border of the ala of the nose to the tragus of the ear. 14<. /is!lacement about the fulcrum !re$ented by3 good stability

147. 8ilateral balanced occlusion3 is simultatneous contact of the occluding surfaces of the teeth of both sides of the mouth in $arious Fa" !ositions

14=. the stability of the mandibular com!lete denture "ill be enhanced "hen3 the tongue rest on the occlusal surfaces (no!e) it should be in balanced "ith the li!s and buccinator muscles 14?. :ral !ara-functional mo$ements are !otentially harmful a) in old aged b) because of !remature contacts5 remo$al of teeth in healthy indi$idual ma)e changes in a) centric relation b) centric occlusion5. @o$ement of teeth tilting etc. c) $ertical dimension d) loss of $ertical dimension !rotrution recorded made "ith "ax to be sure about a) !atient didn#t close in lateral !lane b) incisors made contact5 c) all cus! !enetrate the "ax d) uniform !erforation What are the fir$e !rinci!al factors in la"s of !rotrusi$e mo$ement? a) The inclination of the condylar guidance5 b) The !rominence of the com!ensating cur$e5 c) The orientation of the !lane of occlusion5 d) Anclination of the cus!s5 e) The inclination of theincisal guidance5 What doesn#t control mandibular mo$ement? a) Teeth b) T@I c) reflexes conditioned in neuromuscular system d) clearance interocclusal5 e) !ro!rioce!tors

1<6.

1<1.

1<%.

1<..

1<2. Hesor!tion of bone after extraction of !osterior teeth is in the lingual of the lo"er ridge and in the buccal side of the u!!er ridge ma)ing the lo"er ridge "ider than the u!!er 1<4. -et teeth in front of the incisi$e !a!illae =-16 mm

1<<. Patient "ith com!lete denture is loose and causing sores you decide to rebase the loose denture a) use resilient material (li1uid resin ' tissue conditioner)5 b) tell the !atient not to "ear it for a "hile

1<7. :$erbite is the distance than the maxillary incisal edge closes $ertical ly !ast the mandibular incisal edge "hen the !osterior teeth are in occlusion. The o$erla! may be measured absolutely or relati$ely. The degree of o$erbite may increase decrease or remain the same as a child gets older. 1<=. :$erdentures are best for canines and !remolars

1<?. o$erdentures are better than com!lete detures because3 the !resence of !ro!riorece!tors 176. /enture stomatitis can be casued by3 a) an ill-fitting denture5 b) lea$ing the denture in !lace constantly5 c) not cleaning the denture ade1uately and daily5 d) a rough denture base5

171. What are aids in determining the correct occlusal $ertical dimension? -ome aids are !re-extraction records such as study casts !rior to extractions ce!halometric x-ray or !re-extraction !hotogra!hs of the !atientG !ost extraction e$aluations such as establishment of !hysiological rest !osition the use of !honetics e$aluation of tactile sense of the !atient ?enurologic !erce!tion6 or facial measurements are good !ostextraction aids to hel! determine the correct occlusal $ertical dimensions. 17%. What is the interocclusal distance? Anterocclusal distance is not al"ays constant. This is the distance is the s!ace bet"een the u!!er and lo"er teeth "hen the mandible is at rest. This sace $aries only slightly during the "a)ing hours being slightly greater at the end of the day. /uring slee! it is non-existent due to the lac) of muscle tonus. At changes slightly during gro"th is reati$ely stable through adulthood and changes slightly again as the tissues functions and tone decreases 17.. The rest !osition of the mandible de!ends on the tonus of the musculature. At $aries slightly at different times of the day being the greatest at the end of the day and absent during slee!ing hours. At also $aries during chronic illness and $aries "ith the different !ositions of the head in res!ect to the rest of the body. The rest !osition is the most constant non-$arying !osition of the mandible to use as a strating !!int in the determination of the free "ay s!ace. Ancreasing the occlusal $ertical dimension beyond the rest dimension usually results in denture failure. 172. Eentric Helation is the most retruded relation of the mandible to the maxilla "hen the condyles are in their most unstrained osition in the glenoid fossae from "hich lateral mo$ement can be made at any gi$en degree of se!aration.

174. Bace bo" is a cali!er li)e de$ice that is used to record the relationshi! of the maxillae to the tem!oromandibuar Foints or the o!ening axis of the Fa"s and to orient the maxillary cast in this same relationshi! to the o!ening axis of the articulator. 17<. Jinematic face bo" used for recording (to locate) -hinge mo$ement !osition axis. 177. To ma)e a !artial denture for a cleft !alate !atient. a) extract all remaining teeth b) maximum conser$ation of remaining teeth5 c) not for a child under < years of age An a !atient "ith full denture clic)ing sound is heard "hat is the cause? a) insufficient free"ay s!ace5 b) loose dentures ;o" should the !ontic re!lace the first !remolar? Cightly touching ;o" to eliminate the defects that arises after !rocessing the deture? a) remo$e !osterior teeth and re!lace b) ne" dentures5 or rebase Protrusi$e relation of mandible ' condylar guidance and incisal guidance *la-Tragal line. ;ori&ontal !lane of the teeth or occlusal !lane a) ala of the ear ' tragus of the nose5 b) !arallel to the Bran)fort !lane c) guide to occlusal face height d) guide to occlusal !lane of denture5 Bran)furt Plane3;ori&ontal !lane of the ;ead a) *la of the +ose ' Tragus of the ear b) -ella ' nacion line c) Porion ( highest !oint on the margins of the external auditory meatus)to orbitale ( the lo"est !oint on the nfraorbital margin)5 d) +*8 Cine What ma)es the mandible in a de!ressed !osition exce!t a) contraction of the lateral !terygoid b) contraction of the mylohyoid muscle c) contraction of the tem!oralis muscle5 d) relaxation of the muscle and let the gra$ity de!ress mandible

17=.

17?. 1=6.

1=1. 1=%.

1=..

1=2.

1=4. "ax !attern not to lea$e it on the bench for long time because of distortion 1=<. *rticulator used to record3 occlusal !lane relationshi! in relation to orbit and condyles 1=7. flas) 1==. The cause of diffuse !orosity in com!lete denture3 im!ro!er !ac)ing in -udden heat to in$estment cause3 a) cra&ing or fissuring in the in$estment5 b) rough surface of the die c) bac) !ressure !orosity

1=?. * facebo" records ' orientation of the occlusal !lane to axis orbital and BB !lane 1?6. 1?1. ;inge axis3 using Jinematic face bo" When it is desirable to change $ertical dimension a) ne" face bo" transfer b) ne" centric relation (EH)5 c) -election of different teeth *nte#s la"3 a) ratio bet"een cro"n and root of abutment tooth b) !erioidontal areas of the teeth being re!laced by abutment tooth5 Ancorrectly !rocessed acrylic denture !orosity is more li)ely to occur a) throughout denture b) thic)est !art of denture5 c) thinnest !art of denture D/H ' changes "hen !atient changes !osition The rest !osition of the mandible (!osture !osition) is3 a) $ertical dimension ( free"ay s!ace5 b) not changing throughout life

1?%.

1?..

1?2. 1?4.

1?<. There is an irregular area in the casting of gold cro"n due to inclusion of the in$estment 1?7. Physiologic rest !osition is useful to determine a) $ertical dimension5 b) centric relation

c) centric occlusion 1?=. ;igh $ertical dimension ' !ain "ith diffuse distribution under a mandibular com!lete denture 1??. An determining the !osterior limit of the maxillary denture base "hich of the follo"ing is on the !osterior border? a) hamular notch5 b) hamulus !rocess c) fo$ea !alatini5 d) $ibrating line e) !terygo!alatine ra!he5 %66. Cist all the muscles that directly influence the flange extensions of the maxillary denture 0 The u!!er ncisal the biuccinator the tensor !alatini and the de!ressor se!ti. %61. ;y!er!lastic tissue formation after long time of immediate denture a) change the design5 b) surgical interference5 c) relie$e the fanges d) as) the !atient to lea$e the denture out for rest %6.. ,enerali&ed discomfort "ith or "ithout this soarness excess occlusal $ertical dimension faulty occlusion hea$y biting force reduce buccal and lingual dimension and reduce $ertical dimension Eheilitis a) b) c) the most common cause is $itamin 8 deficiency a closed $ertical dimension 5 im!ro!er balance of occlusion

%6%.

%62. The area of the denture co$ering the incisi$e foramen is relie$ed to !re$ent im!ingement on the naso!alatine ner$e and blood $essels %64. * record of the !rotrusi$e relation is used to a) aid in ma)ing a facebo" record and to adFust the incisal guidance !lane b) aid in determining the free "ay s!ace and to adFust the !ath of incisal guidance !lane c) register the condylar !ath and to adFust the !ath of incisal guidance !lane.5

%6<.

Using a -!rue that has a too narro" gauge causes3 a) shrin)age !orosity in the casting5 b) no alteration in the casting c) fracture of the casting d) distortion of the casting Wrought structures are those "hich ha$e been3 a) !ro!erly annealed (annealing is heating of metal to relie$e the effect of cold "or)) b) subFected to cold "or) during fabrication5 c) 1uenched from a high tem!erature (strain hardening ' increase surface hardening and strength but decreases ductility and resistance to corrosion)

%67.

%6=. The area of the denture co$ering the insici$e foramen is relie$ed to !re$ent im!ingement on3 a) the naso!alatine ner$e and blood $essels5 b) degeneration of the labial frenum c) internal ner$e and blood $essels d) stensen#s duct. %6?. ;y!er!lasia under unfit denture3 a) remo$e it surgically5 b) bio!sy c) relie$e the denture at this area Dertical dimension at rest !osition e1ueals3 a) the $ertical dimension of occlusion !lus the interocclusal s!ace5 b) the interocclusal s!ace c) the interocclusal s!ace !lus the free"ay s!ace 5interocclusal s!ace 0 free"ay s!ace

%16.

%11. Which of the follo"ing does not control mandibular mo$ement during mastication? a) the teeth b) T@I c) Eonditional reflexes in neuromuscular system d) Anterocclusal clearance or free"ay s!ace5 e) Pro!riorece!tors in the !eriodontal ligament %1%. An a mandibular denture midline fracture re!air3 a) "hen using heat cure resin there is !ossibility of "ar!age b) "hen using cold cure resin it is more !rone to fracture c) there is more !ossibility of error in assemblage due to the limited fracture area

d) all of the abo$e are correct5 %1.. The greatest !ossibility bearing area should be used "hen constructing a com!lete mandibular denture to a) im!ro$e esthetics b) im!ro$e the !lane of occlusion c) !ro$ide balance occlusion d) better "ithstand the forces of mastication and to increase border seal5 %12. /efinition of articulation lateral excursion from the centric relation !rotrusi$e mo$ement !osterior teeth are in contact

%14. Bull maxillary denture occludes "ith the natural anterior teeth "hich one of the follo"ing is correct a) resor!tion of the maxillary anterior ridge5 b) hy!ercementosis of the mandibular anterior teeth %1<. Why "e use s!lint cast techni1ue? a) because of distortion of the im!ression b) im!ro!er flas)ing (im!ro!er !ressure during curing) c) for correction of occlusion errors5

%17. Cocali&ed !orosities found in thic) sections of the acrylic dentures because3 a) ra!id curing of the acrylic5 b) im!ro!er !ressure in flas) %1=. Why "e !refer to use elastic im!ression materials3 a) it does not distort "hen "e remo$e it from the mouth5 b) At is accurate The im!ression material for study cast3 a) irre$ersible hydrocolloid b) com!lete denture ' modeling com!ound

%1?.

%%6. T@I or myofunctional discomfort occur in3- !atients "ith minor chronic illness %%1. 8efore !ositioning the cast on sur$eyor "e thin) about a) number of missing teeth b) aesthetic c) "ay of remo$al d) undercut and tilting5

%%%.

Eranio-mandibular discomfort3 a) !ain through the inferior dental ner$e b) facial muscles5 The difference bet"een self-cure and heat cure acrylic resin is the a) higher residual monomer after com!lete !o!lymeri&ation The articulator in "hich the Foint member is in the maxilla a) +on-arcon b) ;anau - *rcon5 Patient "ith lo"er denture com!lains of !aresthesia of lo"er li! a) !ressing the mental ner$e5 b) !ressing the genioglossial and mylohyoid ner$e Pain on the ridge of the mandible (on the crest there is an ulcer)3 a) not "ell finished the fitting surface 8alanced occlusion ' the most retruded !osition of the mandible

%%.. %%2.

%%4.

%%<. %%7.

%%=. /efinition of *rticulation ' lateral excursion from the centric relation !rotrusi$e mo$ement and the !osterior teeth are in contact dynamic continuous range of contact of the u!!er and lo"er teeth. %%?. Eontraindication for u!!er and lo"er com!lete denture? erosi$e lichen !lanus5 after radiothera!y5 children under < years of age5 An relaxed mandibular !osition the !hysiological rest !osition is related to centric relation centric occlusion Which of the materials can be !oured after % days3 a) !olyester b) !olysul!hide c) condensation silicone d) $inyl silicone5 * reliable method of registering centric relation !artial denture? a) a "ax record "ith the remaining teeth in occlusion5 b) a record of all the remaining occluding surfaces and the mandible

%.6.

%.1.

%.%.

%... * !atient comes because of soarness associated "ith denture. What is the first ste! a) an im!ression

b) ne" denture c) history and find cause5 d) correct occlusion >ndodontics 1. * child of ? years of age fracture of a!ical third treatment i. "ait to recall after a month5 ii. endodontics of the coronal !art %. The best treatment of an acute !eriodontal abscess. What is your !referred treatment? iii. incision and drainage5 (Yes ,rossman) i$. endodontic treatment $. extraction .. >lectrical $italometer is3 (% or more ans"ers) a) to test recently eru!ted tooth b) a res!onse to all electrical stimulus5 c) re$eal !otential necrosis5 note3 electric !ul! tester is an instrument used in testing the $itality of the !ul! of the tooth. 2. The electric !ul! tester can3 a) register diseases of the !ul! b) be used to test teeth "ith full co$erage c) al"ays elicit a satisfactory res!onse in multirooted teeth d) all of the abo$e are correct e) all of the abo$e are incorrect5 note3 the result of !ul! testing in multirooted teeth is sometimes 1uestionable because the !ul! may be $ital in one or t"o canals and the necrotic in another. At is e$en !ossible that the tooth is unreacti$e and yet "hen o!ened is $ital. 4. The !alatal root of the maxillary molars is located a) in the !ul! chamber under the mesio lingual cus!5 b) in the !ul! chamber o!!osite the mesiodistal cus! c) under the distolingual cus! <. An root canal filling cement !rotrudes beyond the a!ex "hat treatment should be done? a) "ait and recall for x-ray5 b) surgical a!icoectomy 7. What is the effect of corticosteriod in the !ul!? *nti-inflammatory

=. Teeth "ith endodontic treatment a) is the same as one "ithout treatment b) is stronger as one "ithout treatment c) is "ea)er as one "ithout treatment5 ?. He$ersible !ul!itis diagnosed by a!!lication of3 a) hot b) cold5 c) s"eet 16. Bistula a) no s!ecial treatment5 b) cauteri&ation "ith !henol c) curettage of the fistula 11. To a$oid stri! !erforation in cur$ed root canals do filling in "hich direction - anticur$ature filling (mesial root surface) maintain mesial !ressure on the enlarging instrument to a$oid the delicate danger &one of the distal "all 1%. *cute *!ical *bscess treatment a) Hoot filling and immediate a!icoectomy b) Ancision and drainage (can also be from the tooth) alone5 c) >xtraction 1.. What is the treatment of caries ex!osure in u!!er !remolar of %6 years old !atient "ith shar!ly cur$ed a!ical !art ;W. root a) Pul!ectomy b) Partial !ul!ectomy? c) Pul!otomy d) Pul! ca!!ing 12. Pain in tooth "ith !ul!al inflammation and !eria!ical in$ol$ement (!ercussion sensiti$e locali&able) a) !atient has difficulty to locali&e b) At !resents referred !ain c) At has tenderness to !ercussion5 d) At relie$es "ith heat e) At relie$es "ith cold5? 14. Throbing !ain "hich increases "ith heat and is sensiti$e to !ercussion3 a) cyst b) occlusal trauma c) ad$anced !ul!itis5

1<. Antermittent !ain of the u!!er !remolar @:/ restoration -!lit cus! sus!ected diagnosis ( multi!le res!onse) a) radiogra!h b) history5 c) $isual ins!ection d) !ercussion e) !ressure on each cus!5 17. An case of a cyst of lateral incisors "here "ould the lesion be !ositioned? a) naso!alatine b) buccal c) labial d) !alatally5? 1=. -tri! !erforation3 mesiobuccal of u!!er <#s or mesial of <#s5 1?. * cyst of "as found bet"een % u!!er incisors "hat )ind of cyst "ould it be? a) Primordial b) +aso!alatine5 c) Cateral !eriodontal d) Hadicular %6. -ym!toms of internal resor!tion of HE is3 a) no !ain5M com!letely sym!tom free or mild !ain at the tolerable le$el5 b) !ain in one 1uic) stab c) !ul!al discomfort in the morning d) constant unex!lained toothache %1. An the HET you may use corticosteroids for3 a) elimination of !ain5 b) antibiotic thera!y %%. Af corticosteriods are used as a com!onent of root canal medicaments3 a) microorganisms are destroyed b) leu)ocytic infiltration results c) antibacterial action is enhanced d) exacerbation of infection may occur5 %.. You o!en the orifices in root canal and there is small !eria!ical radiolucency. You found it com!letely obstructed "ith secondary dentin. What is your !lan? a) fill and obscure the lesion b) file and use the reamer to o!en the canal c) a!icoectomy and retrograde filling5

%2. Anternal resor!tion because of3 a) systemic disease b) trauma5 %4. *ccess ca$ity for3determination of the orifice of the canal %<. the enamel rods in !ermanent teeth are !er!endicular to surface tangent %7. Hadiogra!hic examination re$ealed non-$ital t"o u!!er central incisors. Elinical assess to the !ul! chamber sho"s calcific the best management to the case a) try to file the root canal and !roceed to the treatment b) try (>/T*) !eria!ical access and retro grade amalgam filling5 c) !ut dressing into the ca$ities and obser$e %=. The length of the HET is 6.4-1.4 mm short of the a!ex %?. Anternal resor!tion of HE is usually a) !ainlessM asym!tomatic5 b) !ainful .6. Which of the follo"ing is not irritant to the !eria!ical tissue a) +ahy!ochloride b) ,utta !ercha !oints5? c) ,utta !ercha !oints and cement .1. Af the canal is too narro" you may use3 a) reamer b) J-ty!e file5 .%. The safest instrument for remo$ing the !ul! from a $ery fine canal is a3 a) barbed broach b) small )-ty!e file5 c) tem!ered uni$ersal hedstrom file d) smooth broach ... An u!!er first molar you may find t"o root canals in ' mesio buccal root .2. The most common cause of failure of HET is caused by a) Ancom!lete obliteration of the root canalM underfilled5 b) :$erfilled c) Eoexistent !eriodontal-!eria!ical lesion d) :cclusal interference e) *n a!ical cyst

.4. The cro"n of an endodontically treated maxillary lateral incisor is fractures near the gingi$al margin. The coronal end of the sil$er used in filling that canal is $isible at that le$el. The finding re$eals that the existing root canal filing meet the criteria to be Fudged successfully. Which of the follo"ing is the best "ay to obtain the needed!ost s!ace a) to !re!are it alongside the sil$er cones using burs and !eeso reemer b) to carefully grind a"ay the coronal !art of the sil$er cones using round bur or end ' cutting bur 0 can !ress it a!ically c) to remo$e the sil$er cones and re-treat the canal using gutta !ercha techni1ue and then to create the needed !ost s!ace d) to remo$e the sil$er cones notched it 2 mm from the a!ical end coat it "ith freshly mixed sealer re!lace it in the canal and t"ist-off the coronal segment5 .4. ;o" do you !re!are the floor of the !ul! chamber in NNNNNN? e) s"ab and dry "ith cotton "ool and exca$ate5 f) use round-bur to flatten it g) use flat fissure bur to ma)e it flat h) undercuts .<. The ideal !re!aration of root canal filling cement? a) radio o!acity b) non-irritant5 c) 1uic) d) adherent .7. a !atient re!orts to your office for routine restorati$e thera!y. *fter the usual examination radiogra!hs and so on you see a maxillary lateral incisor o$erfilled (1 mm) "ith gutta !ercha. There is a radioluscent area at the a!exG ho"e$er the endodontic thera!y "as com!leted one month ago. You "ould3 a) redo the tooth "ith nonsurgical endodontic a!!roach b) ta)e recall radiogra!hs e$ery .-< months obser$ation5 c) !erform surgical endodontic thera!y (retrograde filling) d) !rescribe antibiotic .=. Ancisi$e foramen is su!erim!osed o$er a!ex of root on radiogra!h it may be mista)en for3 a) cyst5 b) cementoma c) odontoma .?. *n a!ical radiolucent region "hen o!en the canal is obliterated. What "ould you do3 retrograde filling

26. *ccess ca$ity in central incisor (u!!er) a) o$al b) round c) triangular5 d) none of the abo$e 21. What is the best method for !re!aring the floor of the !ul! chamber !rior to reaming the canals for a tooth that re1uires endodontic treatment3 a) only s"ab the floor and clean "ith exca$ator5 b) clean and smooth the floor "ith a fissure bur c) s1uar the floor "ith a fissure bur 2%. -tri! !erforation common in mesiobuccal root of u!!er first molar 2.. The most common feature of acute a!ical !eriodontitis? a) tenderness of the tooth to !ressure5 b) intra-oral s"elling c) intermittent !ain d) sensiti$ity to heat e) sensiti$ity to cold 22. The res!onse of the !ul! is !ain 24. Anternal resor!tion is related to Ea:; 2<. He!lantation 'external resor!tion ( bad !rognosis) 27. He!lanted a tooth after %4 minutes rct "ill be done after a resor!tion or necrosis ha!!ens "ith e$ident radiogra!hic findings 2=. *$ulsed teeth came to dentist after %4 mins "ith o!en a!ex 'HET "ill be !erformed after one sees a radiolucent area 2?. U! to "hich !oint do you fill the root canal?dento-cemental Function (1.4 mm from a!ex) 46. @ost common cause of HET to fail ' short filling incom!lete obturationcalcified canals continue filling HET 41. The most desirable form of tissue res!onse at the a!ical foramen follo"ing HET is by3 a) cementum de!osition into the a!ical foramen5 b) formation of a connecti$e tissueca!sule o$er the foramen c) !roliferation of e!ithelium from the a!ical !eriodontal ligament d) !roliferation of the !eriodontal connecti$e tissue into the a!ical foramen

4%. Bollo"ing auto-trans!lantation of teeth to a !re!ared soc)et "hat "ould you ex!ect after 1% months? a) the formation of a standard !attern of !eriodontal membrane b) some fibrous tissue material $arying degrees of an)ylosis5 c) internal resor!tion of the tooth d) a "ell formed lamina dura 4.. Ditality testing using an electric !ul! tester a) re$eal that a recently eru!ted tooth is $ital b) indicate a sensory ner$e res!onse to a current of electricity5 c) has no limitations d) re$eals a !otentially necrotic !ul!5 42. The loss of translucency in tooth is an indication of all the follo"ing exce!t3 a) !ul!al hy!eremia5 b) !ul!al death ' grey c) !ul! stones ' dull d) internal resor!tion ' !in) e) calcified !ul! chamber - yello" 44. Ceadermix in HET for relief of !ain because of the !resence of a) antibiotics b) corticosteriods5 4<. The main ingredient of corticosteriod !ul! dressing is a) Prednisolone5 b) tetracycline c) neomycin 47. An infected root canal the % most common microorganism are ? a) stre!tococcus and sta!hylococcus5 b) sta!hylococcus and lactobacillus c) sta!hylococcus and s!irochetes d) lactobacillus and cornebacterium 4=. The techni1ue of !lacing gutta-!ercha cones against the HE "alls !ro$iding s!ace for additional ,P is termed 3 lateral condensation 4?. Pain from !ul!al inflammation "ith !eria!ical in$ol$ement is usually characteri&ed by3 a) inability of the !atient to locali&ed it b) referral to the other side of the mouth c) tenderness to !ercussion of the tooth in$ol$ed5

<6. Eer$ical resor!tion in bleached !ul!less tooth may result from a) bleach !laced a!ical to the E>I5 b) tooth becoming !ul!less before !atient reaches age %4 c) a defect in the E>I d) *ll of the abo$e +oteG a$oid !lacing bleaching solution at the E>I to !re$ent cer$ical resor!tion. <1. The most common treatment for cer$ical resor!tion follo"ing intracoronal bleaching is3 a) surgical re!air 5 b) orthodontic extrusion c) extraction d) calcium hydroxide thera!y <%. *fter bleaching of teeth "ith non-$ital !ul! the dentinal tubules are sealed using3 a) a ca$ity $arnish b) an unfilled resin c) glass ionomer cement 5? d) Kinc !hos!hate cement <.. ;o" to detect $ertical root fracture from x-ray ' !eriodontal area <2. When a normal !ul! is subFected to thermal test it3 a) "ill not res!ond to heat b) "ill not res!ond to cold c) "ill res!ond !ainfullyG but "ill return to normalshortly after the stimulus is remo$ed5 <4. *cute a!ical abcess is best treated by a) Hoot filling and immediate a!icoectomy b) >ndodontic thera!y or extraction c) Ancision and drainage alone5 +ote3 treatment consist of establishing drainage and controlling the systemic reaction. When sym!toms subsides the tooth should be treated endodontically by conser$ati$e means. (,rossman) <<. Bollo"ing a calcium hydroxide !ul!otomy the dentist "ould ex!ect a dentine bridge to form at a) * le$el some"hat belo" the am!utation5 b) >xact le$el of am!utation c) *!ical region of the root <7. An the file +o. 14 it means that the diameter of the "or)ing ti! is 6.14mm

<=. The cemento-dentinal Function has been sho"n in an a$erage to be 6.4 mm to 1.4 mm <?. Anternal resor!tion of root "hich is correct a) radiogra!hically a!!ears as su!er im!osed o$er the canal b) it de$elo!s as a result of !re$ious trauma5 c) it occurs in elderly !atients d) it accom!anies !ul! stones 76. -terili&ation of reamers and files in glassbeas sterili&er or hot-salt sterili&er a) 246degrees B for 4 secs5 in glassbead sterili&er b) 146degrees B for 4 secs c) 146 degrees B for .6 secs d) 246 degrees B for 4 secs 71. The commonly used irrigation solution for root canals are a) ;%:% b) +ormal saline c) -odium hy!ochlorite5 7%. -terili&ation of ,utta !ercha3 a) by chemicals 449 sodium hy!ochlorite for 1 minute5 b) dry heat 7.. What do you ex!ect to find after a !ul!otomy "ith Ea:; in a central incisor after sometime? He!arati$e dentine bridge under the cement 72. What is the first stage of the !ul! after a !ul! ca!!ing? Ehronic-inflammation reaction or acute? 74. What material "ould you use for !ul! ca!!ing? Ea(:;)% 7<. Af a tooth has a fracture at the a!ical 1M. What "ould you do obser$ation and radiogra!h and other test 77. Binal materials used for endodontically treated deciduous molar is3 a) amalgam b) com!osite resin c) glass AE d) "rought base metal chrome5 7=. ;o" "ould you definitely diagnose the non$itality of a tooth? a) electric !ul! testing b) hot gutta !ercha test c) cold test d) radiolucency at the a!ex5

7?. Primary endodontic Cesion secondary !eriodontal in$ol$ement usually a) endodontic treatment only b) !eriodontal thera!y only c) !eriodontal thera!y follo"ing endodontic thera!y5 d) endodontic thera!y follo"ing !eriodontal thera!y =6. * cyst at the a!ex of an u!!er central incisor measuring 1 cm in diameter in $isuali&aed in radiogra!h. You "ould ex!ect to remo$e this lesion3 ma)ing a muco !eriosteal fla! and remo$ing the cyst follo"ing endodontic treatment ' a!ico-ectomy =1. To diagnose a fractured cus!s by 3 !ressure =%. Dertical fracture of the root to achie$e a radiogra!hic $ie"3 a) !eria!ical b) dis!lacement of fragments =.. The emergency treatment of !ainless necrotic !ul! a) drainage through the canals b) none5 =2. -"elling after HET caused by3 entra!!ed bacteria !ushed at the a!ical area

Traumatology 1. * !atient )noc)ed out a tooth "hile running into the )itchen during the half-time sho" of a @onday night football game. *rrange in order those !rocedures you "ould most li)ely follo" in re!lanting tooth3 a) !rescribe an antibiotic and ad$ise the !atient to chec) his tetanus immuni&ation schedule b) re!lace the tooth in the al$eolus and reduce any al$eolar fractures c) ad$ise the !atient to !lace the tooth in the soc)et or hold it in his mouth and dri$e to the office d) immobili&e the tooth e) !erform con$entional endodontics through the cro"n of the tooth at a later date f) amesthetixe the area surrounding the tooth. +ote3 . < % 2 1 4

%. *!ical third fracture of the root a) Ea:; !ul!otomy and restoration of the fracture by band b) Cea$e it but monitor by radiogra!hs5 c) Pul!ectomy d) >xtraction .. * month ago a %6 years old !atient sustained a traumatic blo" to a maxillary central incisor. The tooth is asym!tomatic and gi$es a normal $ital res!onse to heat cold and electric !ul! tester. * radiogra!h sho"s a hori&ntal fracture on the a!ical third of the root "ith the segments in close a!!osition. The tooth is not mobile. Treatment is3 a) extract the tooth b) initiate conser$ati$e rot canal tera!y c) instrument and fill the root canal and remo$e the fractured segment surgically d) do nothing at !resent !lan to chec) the $itality and radiogra!hic a!!earance !eriodically5 note3 a hori&ontal fracture associated "ith a !ul!-containing tooth a!!ears to ha$e a more fa$orable !rognosis than does a hori&ontal fracture associated "ith a !ul!less tooth 2. @iddle third fracture of the root? :bser$e if mobile s!lint for a month 4. What should the immediate treatment of a tooth that has sustained a fracture to the middle tird of the root include? a) !ul!ectomy to the coronal !ortion and a!icoectomy of the root !ortion b) !ul!ectomy to both !ortions of the tooth c) s!lint5 d) no treatment re1uired note3 the emergency treatment of a root fracture in$ol$es the a!!osition of the fractured !arts immobili&ation and control of infection <. Which of the follo"ing areas of root fracture is least conduci$e to a fa$orable !rognosis? a) a!ical third b) middle third c) cer$ical third5 d) !rognosis is e1ual in all cases !ro$ided te tooth remains $ital note3 Prognosis is least fa$orable "hen the fracture occursin the cer$ical third of the root. This is because of the difficulty of stabili&ing the cro"n segment and because of the easy access of oral microorganisms to the fracture areas. 7. What is the best result you "ould ex!ect from a!exification at !eria!ex? a) calcified tissue at the !eria!ex (cementum formation)5 b) connecti$e tissue

=. The most desireable form of tissue res!onse at the a!ical foramen follo"ing root canal thera!y is by3 a) cementum de!osition into the a!ical foramen5 b) formation of a connecti$e tissue ca!sule o$er the foramen c) !roliferation of e!ithelium from the a!ical !eriodontal ligament d) !roliferation of !eriodontal connecti$e tissue into the a!ical foramen ?. * !atient comes to you at age = a fractured 11. %4 mins after accident "ith a large !ul!. What "ould you do? a) !ul!otomy "ith formocresol b) !ul!otomy "ith Ea:;5 c) !ul! ca!!ing using calcium hydroxide d) !ul!ectomy and immediate root filling e) !ul!ectomy and a!exification 16. * !atient comes to you "ith a fractured central incisor at age = . hours after accident "hat "ill you do? a) *!exification b) Pul!otomy "ith calcium hydroxide5 +ote for X< and 7 Pul!otomy "ith calcium hydroxide is indicated "hen there is a relati$ely large !ul! ex!osure and the !atient is seen "ithin 7% hours or . days. While the !ul! is infected it is considered reco$erable. * tooth "ith a "ide immature a!ex is considered a good candidate for this techni1ue because of the recu!erati$e !o"ers and degree of $asculari&ation of the young !ul!. 11. *n eight year old child sustains a fracture of a maxillary !ermanent central incisor in "hich a large !ortion of the !ul! is in$ol$ed. The child "as not in acute !ain and did not !resent to the dental office for se$eral days. What treatment of the !ul! should be !erformed at this time? a) !ul!otomy using calcium hydroxide b) !ul! ca!!ing using calcium hydroxide c) !ul!otomy using formocresol d) !ul!ectomy and immediate root filling5 e) !ul!ectomy and a!exification note3 !ul!ectomy is indicated if the ex!osure is no longer than 7% hours duration ' . days since the !ul! is generally infected beyond reco$ery. The a!exification techni1ue "ill allo" a!ical constriction to occur in a non-$ital immature !ermanent tooth. The root end narro"s sufficiently to subse1uently enable com!lete closure of the root a!ex by con$entional endodontic !rocedures.

1%. *n 11 year old !resents to the clinic because of a fracture on the lateral incisor immediately follo"ng bicycle accident. Elinical examination sho"n that the !ul! is not ex!osed and is $ital "hich is your !referred treatment? a) Placement of an orthodontic band "ith KnP:2 cement b) Bormocresol Pul!otomy and stainless steel cro"n c) Placement of Ea:;% !re!aration on ex!osed dentine and then restoration "ith an acid bonded com!osite resin5 d) ,lasss ionomer cement e) Pin retained silicate anterior restoration 1.. When you get a !atient "ith intruded teeth (EA) "hat is the first thing you "ill do? a) re!lace !osition b) ad$ice the !atient about the conse1uences c) lea$e it and obser$e d) x-ray5 12. When a s!lit cus! is sus!ected in a !remolar that has an old amalgam. ;o" "ould you diagnose it accurately? a) !ercussion- !ressure under the cus! ' x-ray 14. * !atient = years old comes "ith an intruded incisor. What is your first ste!? a) radiogra!h !eria!ical 1<. * healthy !ul! res!onds to an inFury by3 a) *n effecti$e collateral circulation to trans!ort inflammatory elements to the area b) /e!osition of "ell minerali&ed and highly tubular re!arati$e dentine c) Anitiation of an inflammatory res!onse follo"ed by !artial or com!lete NNN d) The formation of re!arati$e dentine the !ul!al surface corres!onding to area of irritation5 17. T"o hours ela!sed before a !atient "ith an a$ulsed tooth "as able to see a dentist. The dentist re!lanted and s!linted the tooth and !erformed nonsurgical endodontic thera!y. Which of the follo"ing !robably resulted after the treatment a) radicular cyst formation b) condensing osteitis c) external root resor!tion5 d) chronic !eria!ical !ariodontitis 1=. The immediate concern in the management of facial trauma should be3 a) re!lacing blood loss b) reduction and fixation of fracture c) air"ay5 d) neurologic consultation e) !re$ention of loss of cerebros!inal fluid

1?. +ine year old child comes to surgery "ith trauma ex!osure of one incisor your treatment of choice a) Pul!otomy5 b) Pul! Ea! c) Pul!ectomy d) Eorticosteroid thera!y %6. Bollo"ing auto-trans!lantation of teeth to !re!ared soc)et "hich "ould you normally ex!ect after 1% months a) Bormation of -tandard !attern of P/C b) Ehaotic set of !eriodontal elements filling the !eriodontal s!ace c) -ome fibrous tissue material "ith $arying degrees of a)ylosis5 d) Anternal resor!tion of the root e) Well formed lamina dura %1. An the hori&ontal root fracture the most im!ortant a) )ee! the $itality of the !ul! b) )ee! the tooth immobili&ed5 %%. Which arteryMs su!!ly u!!er and lo"er teeth a) internal carotid artery b) branches of maxillary artery only5 c) maxillary and lingual ateries d) lingual artery only %.. Bor small incisal edge fractures material "ith the greatest resistance to internal fractures a) glass ionomer b) silico!hos!hate material c) silicate materials ' !oor "ear resistance d) resins5 %2. The most fa$orable root fracture 1. a!ical third5 %. middle third .. coronal third %4. Dertical fracture ' !oor !rognosis %<. ,ood !rognosis follo"ing fracture of the root of maxillary !ermanent incisor is a) a!ical one third of the root5 b) coronal one third of the root c) middle one third of the root

%7. Patient recei$ed a hea$y blo" to right body of the mandible sustaining a fracture there. Where should you sus!ect a second fracture. @ost li)ely to be !resent3 a) the sym!hysis region b) left body of mandible c) left subcondylar region5 d) right subcondylar region e) both subcondylar regions %=. * young !atient bro)en his !ermanent incisor !ul! is ex!osed he !resented on the next day. What "ould you do? a) !ul!otomy if $ital b) a!exification if not $ital5 %?. * !reschool child has an intruded u!!er incisor "hat "ould be your treatment3 a) x-ray5 b) !ut in !lace and s!lint c) control after one month .6. What )ind of fear the child feels on the dental chair3 a) fear of the un)no"n5 b) fear of !ain .1. * !atient aged ? years recei$ed a blo" fracturing an u!!er central incisor. -mall !ul! ex!osure is obser$ed the follo"ing day "hen the !atient attends surgery "hich is the most a!!ro!riate a!!roach to treat? a) a !ul! ca!!ing "ith a corticosteriod dressing b) a !ul! ca!!ing "ith calcium hydroxide dressing c) !ul!otomy5 d) !ul!ectomy .%. Bollo"ing a calcium hydroxide !ul!otomy the dentist "ould ex!ect a dentin bridge to form at a) a le$el belo" am!utation site5 b) ale$el half"ay bet"een am!utation and a!ex c) adFacent to lining ... 11 year old !resent fratures lateral incisor !ul! not ex!osed and $ital. a) Eaoh and acid etch ( com!osite5 b) Bormocresol Pul!otomy and stainless steel cro"n c) :rtho band "ith KnP:2 cement

*natomy 1.Which ner$e may be stimulated "hen touching the dorsum of the tongue e) hy!oglossal n5 f) glosso!haryngeal n (!harynx) %. An the mature tooth the forming cells are absent in "hich of the follo"ing structures3 a) enamel5 b) dentin c) cementum .. /entin and enamel differ "ith regards to other organic matrix in that enamel3 a) does not contain collagen b) contains collagen c) contains elastin d) does not contain elastin 5enamel of ectodermal origin does not contain collagen as !art of the matrix 2. ;istology of dentin a) change in com!osition and amount increase age5 b) no change 4. /entin in "hich the tubules ha$e become obliterated "ith calcium salts rendering the detin e1ually refracti$e throughout ' Trans!arent dentin (-clerotic /entin) <. /entin de!osited slo"ly during the functional life of the tooth not de!osited e$enly along the !ul!al "all ' regular secondary dentin 7. dentin in "hich the dentinal tubules are filled "ith gaseous substance follo"ing degeneration of the odontoblastic !rocesses ' /ead Tracts =. /entin de!osited before the a!ical foramen "as formed ' !rimary dentin ?. /entin de!osited follo"ing se$ere damage of the odontoblast by extensi$e "ear caries or o!erati$e !rocedures. /e!osited by damaged or ne"ly differentiated odontoblasts this tissue is highly irregular and locali&ed to the area of dentin tubules in$o$ed in the original insult ' Heacti$e He!arati$e Arregular secondary dentin. 16. ;o" does the thic)ness of dentin in !rimary to !ermanent teeth ' 1M% 11. Bontanelles a) *nt and Post "here !arietal meets occi!ital and frontal5 b) *nt lateral and !osterior lateral ' !arietal and lateral

1%. Eommonly missing teeth 0 .rd molars L !remolars L lu!!er lateral incisors a) first ' lo"er %nd !remolar b) second ' u!!er lateral incisor c) third ' %nd !remolar u!!er 1.. @ain function of the &ygomatic !rocess? a) to insert the masseter muscle5 b) to insert the tem!oral muscle 12. >namel rods3 follo"s a cur$ing !ath thru 1M. of the enamel end to the />I but more direct !ath u! to enamel surface 14. ,narled enamel 3 grou! of enamel rods that may ent"ined adFacent grou!s of rods and they follo" a cur$ing irregular !ath to"ards the tooth surface and occurs near cer$ical and incisal and occlusal regions. :!tical a!!earance of enamel is gnarled enamel. 1<. ;unter schreger bands ' light and dar) &ones of $arying "idths and ha$e slightly different !ermeability and organic content. Bound in different areas of each tooth 17. >namel tufts3 hy!ominerali&ed or consist of hy!ocalcified enamel rods and inter!rimatic substances. !roFects from the />I to the enamel about 1M4 or 1M. the thic)ness. 1=. >namel lamellae thin leafli)e structures that extend from the enamel surface to"ard the dentinoenamel surafec to"ard the dentinoenamel Function consist of organic materials "ith little minerals 1?. >namel cuticle ' O+asmyth#s membraneQ co$ers the entire cro"n until remo$ed by mastication %6. >namel s!indles ' !roFectins of the odontoblastic !rocesses in the enamel. %1. >namel Camellae thin leafli)e faults bet"een enamel rod grou!s extending from enamel surface to />I sometimes in the dentin mostly inorganic mat may lead to entry of bacteria and caries. %%. >namel s!indles ' odontoblastic !rocess sometimes cross />I into enamel and called enamel s!indles "hen ends are thic)ened. @ay ser$e as !ain rece!tors thereby ex!laining channel sensiti$ity %.. Ancremental striae of Het&ius ' $ariations in minerali&ations and can be considered as gro"th rings

%2. +asmyth mebraneM !rimary enamel cuticle ' final ameloblast co$ering co$ers the ne"ly eru!ted tooth "orn out by mastication %4. Tomes fibers odontoblastic !rocess that is left in a minerali&ed tubule of dentin %<. The normal range of gingi$al de!th is3 a) 1-% mm b) 6-. mm5 c) %-. mm d) 6-4 mm %7. The root surface are of maxillary teeth ( !er cemental area) a) canineL second !remolarL central incisor5 b) canineL central incisorL second !remolar %=. Pericemnatal area of mandibular teeth areas a) canineL first !remolar L lateral incisor b) first !remolarL canineL lateral incisor5 %?. @ainly in "hat form Ea is found in enamel? a) Ea hydroxy a!atite b) Ea Bl c) Ea El% .6. Which statement is correct? a) remnants of odontoblastic !rocess forms enamel cuticle b) last secondary odontoblast ' cementum c) last secretion of ameloblast !roduces ac1uired enamel cuticle5 d) remnanst of ameloblast !roduces !rimary enamel cuticle? .1. Eom!osition of enamel follo"ing "hich one is ?79 of inorganic substance? a) calcium b) hydroxya!atite5 c) Ea.(P:2)% .%. The direction of enamel !risms in !ermanent teeth are3 at the right angle to the tangent of the outer surface of the tooth ... What ma)es the mandible in a de!ressed !osition exce!t? a) contraction of lateral !terygoid b) contracxtion of su!rahyoid muscle c) contraction of mylohyoid muscle d) contraction of tem!oralis muscle5 e) relaxation of muscle and let gra$ity de!ress the mandible

.2. :!ening the mouth can be carried out by all of the follo"ing muscles exce!t3 a) mylohyoid b) anterior belly of the digastric c) !latysma d) lateral !terygoid e) tem!oralis5 .4. *ny muscle attached to the lo"er FFa" and "hose line of action !asses belo" the axis of roattion of the tem!oromandibular Foint can effecti$ely o!en mouth. .<. OAncom!lete Ci!Q defined as the li! "hich does not meet "hen mandible is at rest5 .7. Ci! to tongue s"allo"ing associated "ith incom!lete li!5 .=. Ancom!lete li! are associated "ith increased face height .?. Eause congenital absence of lateral incisors3 initiation stage 26. What is the !ro!er se1uence of the histological stages of tooth de$elo!ment3 initiation !roliferation histodifferentiation mor!hodifferentiation and minerali&ation 21. Bunction of the anterior belly of the digastric muscle is3 a) to de!ress the mandible5 b) to ele$ate the mandible 2%. *l$eolar !rocess is com!osed of the al$eolar bone !ro!er (inside or inner "all of the soc)et) ' cribriform !late (lamelated and bundle bone) and the su!!orting bone 2.. *l$eolar bone is characteri&ed by3 ;a$ersian canals around bony canals or bundle bone 22. *ttrition ' !rocess of normal "ear on the cro"n or the "earing of tooth structures resulting from masticatory friction 24. *ttrition "earing of the occlusal surface because of certain factors e#g bruxism 2<. Eauses of attrition a) bruxism5 b) im!ro!er tooth brushing (abrasion) c) coarse food5 d) ill fiiitng clas! (abrasion)

27. *brasion is the mechanical "earing of the tooth by !hysical agents acting as abrasi$es 2=. >rosion is the chemicomechanical "earingt of the gingi$al third of the tooth the etiology of "hich is un)no"n. 2?. Brenae is a ? fribrous tissue? a) )eratini&ed e!ithelium b) s1uamous e!ithelium c) "hite fibers d) collagenous fibers 46. The main com!onent of enamel is d) calcium !hos!hate e) hydroxya!atite5 f) calcium carbonate note3 enamel ?4-?=9 /entin 749 24-469 (inorganic) 41. ;ydroxia!atite "hich is basic structure of bone mineral has3 Ea16(P:2)<(:;)% as a chemical !rototy!e. 4%. Which of the !eriodontal fibers ha$e no attachment into bone of the al$eolar !rocess? g) obli1ue h) free gingi$al i) transe!tal5 F) al$eolar crest 4.. Periodontal fibers a) taut b) "a$y5 c) firm d) sti!!led 42. *ll of the follo"ing are )eratini&ed exce!t3 a) cre$icular e!ithelium5 b) !alatal e!ithelium c) al$eolar mucosa d) free gingi$al e) attached gingi$a 44. Benestration ' al$eolar bone defect "hich !redis!oses tooth to gingi$al recession most common sites areG buccal surface of the u!!er and lo"er canine lo"er incisors !alatal surface of u!!er first molar 4<. @ost ex!osed !ul! in !ermanent teeth ' mesiobuccal of lo"er first molar

47. Eemento-/entinal Iunction 3 6.4 ' 1.4 mm of anatomical a!ex 4=. Peri-cemental area of @ax. teeth canineL 1st !remolarL central 4?. When com!ared "ith young !ul! the aging !ul! contains fe"er cells and more collagen <6. /irection of enamel !rism is !er!endicular to the tangent of the outer enamel surface <1. lateral canals are usually found in3 the a!ical third of the root <%. Eause of the de$elo!ment of lateral canals 3 crac)s of hert"ig#s e!ithelial root sheath <.. The muscle "hich mo$es the bolus of food ' 8uccinator muscle <2. Which cus! is more liable for crac)ed tooth syndrome ' /C of u!!er < and 7 <4. :ligodontia ' !roblem "ith initiation of the tooth bud <<. ,emination ' t"ining ' correct no. of teeth large tooth loo)s s!lit <7. Busion ' no. of teeth decreased by one. Tooth a!!ears Foined and xray sho"s % canals <=. The mandibular di$ision of the trigeminal ner$e3 a) exits from the s)ull through the foramen o$ale b) contans both afferent and efferent ner$e fibers c) su!!lies the muscle of mastication as "ell as the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric muscle among others d) enters the mandible through the mandibular foramen and has an exit at the mnetal foramen e) all of the abo$e are correct note3 only the mandibular di$ision of the trigeminal ner$e ahs a motor fiber. <?. Which is not su!!lied by the .rd di$ision of the trigeminal ner$e ' buccinator muscle 76. The anterior %M. of the tongue taste ( chorda ty!ani ner$e branch of DAA ) motor is hy!oglossal ner$e YAA 71. 8ranch AY (,losso!haryngeal ner$e)inner$ates the mucosa and both general sensaion and taste of the !osterior R of the tongue

7%. The lingual ner$e is anterior and medial to the A*+ 7.. *fter the facial ner$e exits through the stylomastoid foramen it ramifies in the substance of the !arotid gland in fi$e branches. *ll are correctly listed belo" exce!t3 a) &ygomatic b) tem!oral c) cer$ical d) buccal e) auricuar 5 f) mandibular 72. The union of roots of adFacent teeth through the cementum is referred to asG concrescence 74. ;a$ersian -ystem 'cells in the middle surrounded by bone in a circular !attern 7<. the !eriodontal membrane "hat e!ithelial cells you can find3 e!ithelial rests of malasse& 77. Coss of se$eral teeth !roduces a) T@I dysfunction b) Periodontal !oc)et c) Premature contact d) Coss of !roximal contact5

*nesthesia 1. When is it ad$isable to do dental treatment under ,*?mental retardation5 %. *nesthetic gas ' not to use less than .69 oxygen .. mandibular branches of the trigeminal not su!!ly the buccinator no!e facial ner$e 2. 8uccal ner$e chee)s 0 long buccal ner$e of D. (sensory) 8uccal branches of DAA (motor) 4. Cingual ner$e branch of the mandibular ner$e <. What is the ain reason for !remedication before general naesthesia? To !ro$ide a good induction

7. Why is nitrous oxide is not use as general anesthetic? a) :xidation to tissue not enough b) difficult to maintain :% c) !oor analgesia d) toxic to li$er e) not used alone because it is not as !otent and lac) of muscle relaxation5 =. Bor long action (1=6 minutes) of C* ' 8u!i$acaine >tidocaine ?. @edium acting (?6-146 minutes) ' !rilocaine and lidocaine 16. -hort acting (24-74 minutes) ' 24-74 minutes idocaine me!i$acain !rilocaine and !rocaine 11. Ultra-short acting less than .6 minutes !rocaine !rilocaine and lidocaine "ithout $asoconstrictors. 1%. >ster grou! ' cocaine and ben&ocaine (to!ical) !rocaine(+o$ocain) tatracaine (Pontocaine) !ro!oxycaine (Ha$ocaine can be used in lo" !h and cannot be used as a to!ical) %-chloro!rocaine (+esacaine) 1.. *mide grou! ' 8u!i$acaine (@arcaine) >tidocaine(/uranest) Cidocaine (Yylocaine) @e!i$acaine(Earbocaine) Prilocaine (Eitanest) 12. Tetracaine (Pontocaine) ester is a high !otency high toxicity local anesthetic that has been )no"n to r!oduce toxicity follo"ing e$en oro!haryngeal to!ical administration. 14. C* ad$erse effect ' intra$ascular inFection 1<. Transmisison of !ain in dentinal tubules by hydrodynamic !ressure5 17. ,ate control theory of !ain3 one hy!othesis of !ain modulation is based u!on the inhibitory-excitatory interaction of afferent fiber syna!ses 1=. The ner$e su!!lies the T@I a) auriculotem!oral ner$e and masseteric branch of the mandibular ner$e5 b) facial ner$e c) ner$e for the masseter muscle5 1?. ,eneral anesthesia is often used for the !atients a) mental retardation5 b) s!asm !atient5 c) com!licated o!eration5 d) children

%6. Which is the most im!ortant to define the !uncture !oint in dental inferior ner$e bloc)? a) !terygotem!oral de!ression b) buccal !ad c) !terygomandibular de!ression5 d) anterior border of the mandible e) internal obli1ue ridge %1. +itrous oxide alone is not in used in general anesthesia because a) difficult to mainatain :% b) is ex!losi$e c) toxic to li$er? d) !oor analgesic e) all of the abo$e f) lac) of !otency and muscle relaxation5 %%. To !re$ent ad$erse effect of the aneasthetic solution it should be3 a) inFected ra!idly b) inFected slo"ly c) as!irate before de!ositing the solution5 %.. Bacial !aralysis 16 mins after inferior dental ner$e bloc) "hich one of the follo"ing is correct? inFection to the !arotid gland %2. Posterior -u!erior al$eolar ner$e su!!lies a) maxillary molars exce!t mesio-buccal root of the first molar5 b) maxillary and first !remolars %4. ;o" many ml of lignocain can be inFected safely? 16 ml cartridge? de!ends on "eigth 4mg !er )ilogram %<. When should you extract the first maxi molar? Which ner$e should you anestheti&e? a) !osterior su!erior al$eolar ner$e5 b) middle su!erior al$eolar ner$e5 c) greater !alatine ner$e5 d) incisi$e !alatal ner$e %7. +:% is contraindicated in3 a) !regnancy b) heart murmur c) heart diseases d) hy!ertension

%=. +itrous oxide (+%:) in 76 !er cent concentration in oxygen3 a) is a !otent anesthesia b) !roduces good muscle relaxation c) !roduces slo" reco$ery d) reduces the ca!acity of red blood cells to carry oxygen e) has lo" toxicity5 note3 +itrous oxide in 76 !ercent concentration is one of the safest anethetic agents %?. An concentrations commonly used for inhalation sedation +%: "ill not !roduce3 a) hy!nosis b) analgesia c) anesthesia5 d) amnesia e) high margin of safety note3 +%: does not usually !roduce anesthesia at concentration under =6 !ercent. .6. Patient contraindications or !recautions in the sue of +%: for inhalation sedation all of the follo"ing exce!t3 a) se$ere hy!ertension b) iron deficiency anemia c) coronary artery disease d) !regnancy5 e) concomitant anti!sychotic drugs note3 +ormal !regnancy does not contraindicate the use of nitrous oxide "hich is in fact used in obstetrics. .1. ,as anesthetic ;alothane ' he!atotoxic reaction .%. * general anesthetic that has been im!licated in !roducing li$er damage as an allergic manefestation on re!eated administrtation is 3 a) ;alothane5 b) +itrous oxide c) >thylene d) Thio!ental e) /i$inyl ether +ote3 ;alothane has been re!orted in !roducing li$er damage follo"ing a second administration "ithin a t"o year !eriod.

... An the inferior al$eolar ner$e bloc) the needle !asses bet"een and closes to t"o muscles a) middle !terygoid and lateral !terygoid b) middle !terygoid and su!eriorconstrictor c) tem!oral and lateral !terygoid d) tem!oral and medial !terygoid5 .2. Which of the follo"ing ner$es "ould be ade1uately anestheti&ed for remo$al u!!er first molar a) anterior !alatine5 b) !osterior !alatine c) middle su!erior al$eolar5 d) anterior su!erior al$eolar e) !osterior su!erior al$eolar5 .4. @aximum safe dose of lidocain %9 "ithout $asoconstrictor in a 76 )g "eight !atient (maximum 2.2 mg M )g) a) %.% ml b) 16 ml5 c) %4 ml d) 46 ml e) 166 ml .<. -afest amount of %9 C* "ith $asoconstrictor for a 76 )g adult is (7 mgM)g) a) 4 ml b) 16 ml5 c) 46 ml .7. Transmission of !ain (;y!othesis of !ain modulus) is by3gate control theory5 .=. Which ner$e fibers carry !ain stimulation in the !ul!? a) /orsal E fibers5 (small unmylinated ner$e fibers from .64-1 micron in diameter conduct the slo" or second !ain at a rate of 6.4 to % meters !er second) b) * delta fibers5 ( large myelinated fibers from . to %6 micra in diameter conduct im!ulse at a rate of .-12 meters !er second .?. The follo"ing landmar)s used in ma)ing an inferior ner$e bloc) inFection. ;a$ing established the height of the hori&ontal !lane in "hich the inFection "ill be made. Which landmar) defines the !uncture !oint most accurately3 a) !terygotem!oral de!ression b) !terygomandibular ligament ra!he5

26. Ehief cause of ad$erse reaction to C* a) Dascular inFection5 b) ;y!ersensiti$ity (rare) 21. Which of the follo"ing is correct about +%: a) +%: has high analgesic !ro!erty and lo" anaesthetic at its minimum anaesthetic dose5 2%. * !atient ta)ing guanethidine to control se$ere hy!ertension. ;is !hysician ad$ices you not to use e!ine!hrine in you local anesthetic. Your choice of anesthetic for a com!licated extraction should be3 a) !rocaine %9 "ith !henyle!hrine 13%466 b) lidocaine %9 "ithout $asoconstrictor c) me!i$acaine .9 "ithout $asoconstrctor5 d) !rilocaine 29 "ithout $asoconstrictor e) me!i$acaine %9 "ith le$onorde!hrin 13%6 666 note3 neither lidocaine nor !rilocaine "ithout $asocontrictor !ro$ides sufficient duration of anesthesia and both !henyle!hrine and le$onordefrine are catecholamines "ith al!ha-adrenergic acti$ity. 2.. * safe suggestionfor anesthesia of 1uestionable !atient "oud be the administration of not more than t"o cartridges containing 13166 666 e!ine!hrine or a com!arable amount of related drugs. Cidocaine (Yylocaine) me!i$acaine (Earbocaine)and !rilicaine(Eitanest) "ithout e!ine!hrine "ould be a satisfactory choice for !atients "ho ha$e cardiac condition or hy!ertension. 22. ;y!ertensi$e !atient ' .9 !ilocar!ine "ith felly!ressin 24. @e!i$acain .9 is $asodilator metaboli&ed in li$er and excreted in urine indicated for hy!ertensi$e !atient 2<. Prilocaine "ith fely!ressin is contraindicated for !regnant "omen 27. Eontraindication for C* is hy!ersensiti$ity reaction to the drug 2=. To reduce the ris) of side effects from a local anesthesia inFection. You should do the follo"ing exce!t3 a) as!irate before inFection b) use the smallest !ossible $olume c) use the "ea)est efficient !ercentage strength d) inFect ra!idly (should inFect slo"ly al"ays)5 2?. The blood su!!ly of all the teeth by3 small branches from the maxillary artery

46. Which is best to administer if one "ere to antici!ate both se$ere and !rolonged !ost-o!erati$e dental !ain3 8u!i$acaine 41. Andication for general anesthetic for dental treatment include3 a) mental retardation5 b) cardiac insufficiency c) com!lexity of surgery5 d) s!astic !atients5 e) old age 4%. +itrous oxide inhalation sedation is contraindicated to "hich of the foloo"ing cases a) Pregnancy b) coronary heart diseas c) iron deficiency anemia5 d) mental retardation e) none of the abo$e 4.. Which of the follo"ing least to cause toxicity from local anesthesia inFection3 a) inFecting in the su!ine !osition5 b) inFecting into $ascular area c) inFecting "ithout $asoconstriction d) intra$enous inFection 42. :ne of the chief cause of reaction to local anesthesia is a) contamination of solution b) deterioration of solution because of its short shelf life c) de!osition into $ein or artery5 44. Toxic dose of lignocaine (%9) "ith 13=66666 adrenalin ' not exceeding 466 mg lidocaine. a) % ml b) 16 ml c) %% ml 4<. What is the most usual failure of mandibular bloc)? a) too lo"5 b) too mesially c) too distally5 d) too high 47. Which of the follo"ing are not su!!lied by the mandibular di$ision of the trigeminal? a) anterior %M. of tongue b) anterior !art of digastric c) masseter

d) mucosa o$er busccinator e) buccinator5 4=. An inferior dental bloc) the needle !asses in bet"een and close to % muscles a) medial and lateral !terygoid b) medial !terygoid and su!erior constrictor c) tem!oral muscle and medial !terygoid5 d) buccinator and su!erior constrictor muscle 4?. @uscle of the !harynx a) tem!oral muscle and lateral !tyrigoid b) tem!oral muscle and medial !terygoid c) buccinator and su!erior constrictor muscle5 <6. @uscle that acts on the border of the mandibular denture (com!lete) a) tem!oralis b) mentalis c) lateral !terygoid d) le$etor anguli oris e) orbicularis oris5 <1. When inFected "ithout $asoconstrictor the maximum safe dose of %1 lignocaine solution for 76 )gm adult is a) %.% ml b) 16 ml c) %4 ml <%. * dentist administers three cartridges of lidocaine % !ercent. *!!roximately ho" much lidocaine did the !atient recei$e? a) 6.64 mg b) 16 mg c) 42 mg d) <6 mg5 e) 16= mg note3 each ml lidocaine % !ercent contains %6 mg of lidocaine and each cartridge contains 1.= ml <.. *!!roximately ho" many cartridges of idocaine % !ercent could be inFected safely into a !atient "eighing 76 )ilograms? a) . b) 4 c) 7 d) ?5 e) 1%

note3 the maximum safe dosage of lidocaine is 4 mg !er )g 76 )g x 4 mg 0 .46 mg di$ided by %6 mg !er ml 0 17.4 ml di$ided by 1.= ml !er cartridge 0 ?.7 but sa boo) "ithout $asoconstrictor 2.2 mgM)g "ith $asoconstrictor 7 mgM )g <2. The longest duration of anesthetic action achie$ed by3 a) 8u!i$acaine (marcain) =hrs "ithout $aso 16 hrs "ith $aso b) . hours only or 1=6 minutes "ith $asoconstrictor5 <4. When you do inFection near the anterior border of the ramus of the mandible 1mm abo$e the occlusal !lane of the molar "hich one of the follo"ing ner$es do you inFect? a) lingual ner$e b) inferior dental ner$e c) long buccal ner$e5 d) mental ner$e <<. *natomic landmar) of the inferior dental ner$e bloc) is used to !unch the needle a) internal obli1e ridge b) external obli1ue ridge c) !terygoid mandibular ra!he5 d) retromolar fossae <7. Which of the follo"ing local anesthetics does not ha$e a chemical configuration li)e the others? a) Cignocaine b) me!i$aciaine c) Prilocaine d) *methocaine5 <=. The common failure of the inferior dental ner$e bloc) a) inFection too lo" b) inFection too high c) insufficient anaesthetic solution d) inFection too bac)5

Pediatrics 1. Where "ould you affix a s!ace maintaner if at = years the 72 is loose and .2 is eru!ting? 0 <#s lingual holding arch

%. the most im!ortant criterion in a !artial !ul!otomy? a) the root end remains o!en e.g. not fully de$elo!ed "hen treatment "as started b) the root end if not com!leted "ould com!lete its fully de$elo!ment? c) dentinary bridge became $isible in x-ray d) !ul! stones after some months .. *n = year old "ith carious ex!osure of 74 and anodontia of .4 "hat "ould you do? a) extract 74 allo"ing .< to mo$e anteriorly b) endodontic in 74 and indefinite retention5 c) extraction 74 and s!ace maintainer re!laced by bridge later d) extraction 74 and <4 allo"ing mo$e .< and %< 2. Af the child#s teeth do not form this "ould mostly affect the gro"th? a) al$eolar bone5 b) "hole face c) mandible maxilla 4. >ffects of early tooth loss i. function and oral health ii. o$er eru!tion iii. effect on mandibular !osture i$. !hysiological effects on child and !arent $. on !ermanent teeth -ha!e (colla!se of lo"er anteriors because of lost of lo"er canines) and -i&e( loss of arch s!ace) <. *fter the age of < site of increase in the mandible gro"th ' distal to first molar 7. @o$ement done during extraction of >#s ' buccal and lingual not rotation because of de$elo!ing tooth bud =. Ealcified teeth at birth a) all deciduous and !ermanent incisors b) all !rimary teeth only c) all !rimary teeth and first !ermanent molars5 d) all deciduous teeth and all !ermanent molars ?. -edation of children3 a) dia&e!am 16. Why is an an)ylosed %nd !rimary molar not a good s!ace maintainer? a) the first !ermanent molar may drift mesially o$er it b) it does not )ee! u! "ith the rest of the occlusion5

11. The most common cause of !alatally loc)ed maxillary left !ermanent central incisor is a child "ith other"ise OnormalQ occlusion is a) !remature extraction of maxillary left deciduous central incisor b) !rolonged retention of maxillary left deciduous central incisor5 c) !remature extraction of the left deciduous lateral incisor 1%. Primary teeth com!ared "ith !ermanent a) more !rominent lo"er? b) smaller !ul! chamber c) narro"est !rox contact area d) thinner enamel5 e) thinner dentin5 f) shorter cro"n5 g) narro"er occlusal table5 h) contact areas broad and flat5 i) same mineral content F) lighter in color )) !ul! chamber and horns bigger than !ermanent 1.. Which !rimary molar cro"n most resembles the cro"n of a !ermanent !remolar? a) maxillary first5 b) maxillary second c) mandibular first d) mandibular second note the !rimary second molars resemble first molarsG the mandibular first molars doesn not resemble any !remolar or !ermanent tooth 12. ;o" do !ul! chambers in !rimary teeth com!ared !ro!ortionally "ith those in !ermanent teeth? a) smaller in !rimary teeth b) larger in !rimary teeth5 c) similar in both dentitions d) $ariable in !ermanent teeth note3 although the !rimary teeth are generally smaller than their succcessors their !ul! chambera are !ro!ortionally larger 14. Ehild li$ed in a fluoridated area "ith 2 !!m till = years then mo$ed in nonfluoridated area "hat teeth can sho" fluorosis? a) all teeth b) Eentral incisors c) *ll teeth exce!t third molars5 1<. >namel formation occurs bet"een3 a) % months in utero and 7 years b) % moths in utero and ? years

c) 2 months in utero and ?-16 years d) 2 months in utero and 1%-1< years5 note3 enamel formation begins at 2 months in the maxillary incisors and ends bet"een 1%-1< years in the third molars. 17. Treatment of choice for one !ermanent incisor of ? years old child "ith !ul! ex!osure due to fracture a) !ul! cu! b) !u!otomy5 c) !ul!ectomy 1=. Ten years old "ith non-$ital central incisor a) root canal thera!y can lead to a!ical closure b) Pul!al testing !eriodically for !ossible !ul!al regeneration c) Hoot filling "ith caoh for !eria!ical closure5 (a!exification) 1?. The anatomy of the second !rimary molar closely resembles that of the a) first !ermanent molar5 b) second !remolar c) first !rimary molar %6. When you use formaldehyde materials in a $ital !ul! it cause3 a) fixation to !ul! tissue5 b) secondary dentine formation c) mumification %1. ;o" does the denture for cleft retains? mechanical retention %%. extraction of !rimary molars - cut the cus! and root of the tooth as not to disturbed the de$elo!ing dentition %.. ;o" should a !rimary molar "ith relati$ely unresorbed roots encom!assing the !ermanent tooth bud be extracted to a$oid the inad$ertent remo$al of a de$elo!ing bicus!id? a) roll a mandibular tooth to the buccal and a maxillary tooth to the !alatal b) raise a bussal fla! c) remo$e the cro"n !ortion only allo"ing the roots to resorb d) section the tooth $ertically and remo$e each root se!arately5 note3 The furcation of a !rimary tooth is located much closer to the cro"n than in a !ermanent toothG therefore sectioning is easily accom!lished "ith a high-s!eed ta!ered fissure bu. The tooth is then remo$ed in sections "ithout disturbing the underlying de$elo!ing !ermanent tooth.

%2. * six year old child !resents "ith a carious maxillary second !rimary molar "ith a necrotic !ul!. What treatment should be !erformed? a) b) c) d) Pul!ectomy ' necrotic !ul! 5 >xtraction Andirect !ul! ca!!ing *ntibiotic co$erage

%4. Bailure of Ea:; !ul!otomy in !rimary teeth is internal resor!tion %<. @ost cause of failure in case of re!lantation ' external reso!rtion %7. Why do you use dental floss in "ith rubber dam - to guide the rubber dam through the contact areas %=. Hetention can be obtained in the !roximo-occlucal filling of a deciduous tooth through3occlusal do$etail and loc) %?. @ost common conse1uence arsing from !remature extraction of deciduous molars is3 a) loss of arch length5 b) loss of s!eech sound c) loss of facial contour d) loss of tooth "idth5 .6. /elayed shedding of !rimary teeth resulting in a !ermanent incisor eru!ting lingually to the !rimary one. .1. *fter < years of age the greatest increase in the si&e of the mandible occurs3 a) at the sym!hysis b) bet"een the canines c) distal to first molar5 .%. *n)ylosis of mandibular !rimary %nd molar is not al"ays good s!ace maintainer because of mesial inclination of the 1st !ermanent molar ... An an u!!er deciduous molar has a caries ex!osure and after x-ray the corres!onding %nd !ermanent !remolar is agenesis (absent). What treatment "ould you do to the deciduous tooth? >ndodontic treatment (conser$ation) indefinite retention (de!ends on age) .2. Which is the most li)ely !lace of bone resor!tion after a deciduous molar has a !ul!al gangrene3 interradicular se!tum .4. Eement indicated for root canal filling in deciduous molars ' &inc oxide eugenol "ithout a catalyst (resor!ti$e cement)

.<. When o!ening the !ul! chamber from the occlusal surface of endo a maxillary >. ;o" many !ul!al horns could be ex!osed? Pul! horn !rimary usually e1ua$alent to no of cus!. i. @axi %nd !rimary molar ' 2-4 ii. @andi %nd !rimary molar ' 4 iii. @axi 1st !rimary molar ' . i$. @andi 1st !rimary molar - 2 .7. Hoots 0 @axi . @andi . .=. ;o" many !ul! horn are !resent in a ty!ical mandibular deciduous second molar a) % b) . c) 2 d) 45 .?. /ental ner$e bloc) for children is3 slightly lo"er than that in adults. The child#s ramus is shorter than an adult#s. this is com!ensated for by inserting the needle a fe" millimeters closer to the mandibular occlusal !labe than in adult. 26. * child "hen you chec) his eru!ted teeth you found all incisor first !ermanent molars and the first !remolars ;o" old is this !atient? a) 1. b) 115 c) 7 21. What le$el of caries reduction is assocated "ith o!timal fluoride of community "ater su!!lies? a) 149 b) .69 c) 4495 d) =69 2%. What is the range of concentration of fluoride in drin)ing "ater for o!timal dental thera!eutic effects "ith no significant dental fluorosis? a) 6.1 ' 6.< !!m b) 6.7 ' 1.% !!m 5 c) 1.% ' %.6 !!m d) %.6 ' ..4 !!m note3 There is no single o!timal le$el of fluride in the drin)ing "ater. The concentration de!ends u!on the annual a$erage daily tem!erature in the community "hich influences the amount of "ater that local residents "ill consume. When the annual a$erage maximum daily tem!erature is bet"een 7?.. to ?6.4 oB (%<.. to .%.4oE) as it is for some of our southern states the

recommended le$el of fluoride is 6.7 !!m. When this tem!erature is 46.6 to 4..7oB (16 to 1%.1 oE) the recommendation is 1.% !!m fuoride. 2.. * child 4 (.-1%) year old in an unfluoridated area "hat is the daily dose of fluoride? a) 1 ug5 b) .4 ug c) .%4 ug 22. What is the recommended daily dose of fluoride for %-. years old child? a) T mg b) R mg5 c) 1 mg d) % mg 24. What is the recoomended daily dose of fluoride for a child from birth to %2 months? a) T mg5 b) R mg c) 1 mg d) 1 mg 2<. * child has a ram!ant caries you found that he is suffering from em!hysema and is ta)ing ex!ectorant . times daily "hich has a lot of sugar contents. What do you do to this !atient? a) change the sugar ty!e content to sorbitol5 (alcohol based sugar) b) re!ort that the !atient is ha$ing the ex!ectorant c) gi$e him the syru! "hile slee!ing d) gi$e him in$erted sugar 27. Coss of a tooth in mixed dentition !hase affects3 a) same 1uadrant only5 b) the rele$ant Fa" only c) "hole mouth5 d) the rele$ant 1uadrant note- loss of arch length 2=. Tooth brush for a child3 i. head smaller ii. 1=6-266 um iii. nylon i$. soft 2?. >ndodontic treatment of !rimary molars are indicated "hen3 a) remo$al of caries has ex!osed the !ul! b) "hen carious lesion has Fust !enetrated />I

c) carious lesion is sus!ected to !roduce ex!osure5 46. Where can you find the !roximal caries in !rimary teeth a) sightly gingi$al to the contact area5 41. Which !ermanent teeth has the highest caries !re$alence in children3 a) first molar5 b) incisors 4%. Andirect !ul! ca!!ing !rocedures on deciduous molars are indicated "hen3 a) remo$al of decay has ex!osed the !ul! b) carious lesion is sus!ected of !roducing ex!osure of !ul! c) carious lesion has Fust !enetrated dentino-enamel Function d) not indicated5 4.. /irect !ul! ca!!ing should also be limited to !ermanent teeth. 'better to do !ul!otomy 42. Which of the follo"ing is the best s!ace maintainer? a) * +ance holding arch b) * fixed lingual arch c) * band and loo! a!!liance d) * remo$able acryic a!!liance e) Pul!ectomi&ed !rimary molars5 44. *n = year old !atient "ith all !rimary molars still !resent exhibits a cus! to cus! relationshi! relationshi! of !ermanent maxillary and madibular first molars. The dentist should a) continue regular recalls5 b) !lan serial extraction for more nomal adFustment of the occlusion c) refer the !atient to an orthodontist for consultation d) !lace a cer$ical headgear to re!osition maxillary molars e) dis) the distal surface of !rimary mandibular %nd molars to allo" normal adFustment of !ermanent molars 4<. Hetention can be obtained in the !roximo-occlusal of deciduous teeth a) occlusal loc)5 b) buccal and lingual di$ergence not beyond self cleansing areas c) line c.s. d) shar! undercut 47. What $ariation is necessary to do in class AA in deciduous? a) dee!er in occlusal b) isthmus is "ider5 c) !roximal box narro"er d) !roximal box shallo"er

:rthodontics 1. Bran)fort !lane 'P: a) nasionand sella b) !orion and sella c) !orion and nasiion d) !orion and orbitale5 e) basion and orbitale note3 !orion is the highest !oint on the margina of the external auditory meatus "hile orbitale the lo"est !oint in the infraorbital margin %. Eanine retractor is used if the maxillary canine eru!ted a) !alatally b) labially5 .. Cee"ay s!ace3 the difference bet"een the !rimary first and second and "idth of the 1st and %nd !remolars (6.? maxi and 1.7 mandi) 2. Ancom!etent li! ' the % li!s at rest !osition not in contact 4. Prominent feature of Elass AA di$ AA a) ant !roinclination b) lateral incisor o$erla!!ing the anterior5 c) dee! o$erbite d) greater o$eryFet <. -im!le orthodontic !atient "hich of the follo"ing is necessary? a) ;istory5 b) @odels5 c) *rticulators5 d) x-rays5 7. :rthodontic !lanes and axial inclination of teeth is oriented a) Bran)fort !lane5 b) ;ori&ontal !lane c) :cclusal !lane d) 8olten !lane sella nasion +ote3 this !lane is commonly used for orientation of the head in clinical and radiogra!hic assessment.

=. @aFor etiologic factor res!onsible for class AA is a) thumb suc)ing b) gro"th discre!ancy5 c) tongue habit d) tooth to Fa" si&e discre!ancy ?. @ixed /entition *nalysis - measure the s!ace a$ailable for !ermanent canine and !remolars 16. Primate -!ace L mesial to u!!er canine and distal to lo"er canine 11. @axillary gro"th at age <-7 ( gro"th of the maxilla and mandible for"ard and do"n"ard) 1%. Eartilage gro"th ' nasal se!tum head of the condyle s!heno-occi!ital synchhondrosis 1.. Thumb suc)ing3 8oucher 2<1 a) sto! s!ontaneously5 b) !rotrudes the mandible c) constrict the $ault of the hard alate d) gro"th discre!ancy 12. * four year old child !resents "ith normal occlusion exce!t for a one-millimeter anterior o!en bite. The !atient is a thumb suc)er "ho demonstrates immature adult s!eech de$elo!ment. * !ro!er clinical course of action "ould be include3 a) immediate !lacement of a fixed habit-reminding a!!liance b) Placement of a remo$able habit reminder after coundelling the !atient and !arents about the oral habit so that remo$al of the a!!liane by the child "ould be limited c) Heferral of the !atient to a s!eech thera!ist for myofunctional and s!eech thera!y d) +o tongue thera!y or s!!liance use at this time3 !eriodic obser$ation of the !atient until the maxillary and mandibular !ermanent teeth ru!ts and mandibular !ermanent incisors eru!t "ith e$aluation at that time.5 +ote3 the !ro!er stage for instituting a habit thera!y is in the early stages of the transitional dentition ' age =. 14. ;o" "ould you go about to correct a single retroclined u!!er lateral incisor in a class A malocclusion "ith sufficient arch length a) extraction and fixed a!!liance b) remo$able (ha"ley a!!liance) c) *nteriior inclined !lane5

1<. *nterior bite !lane it should be3 a) 4 mm out of occlusion in !ost b) less than 4mm out of occlusion from !ost5 (2mm- school) c) more than 4 mm 17. An small children "hat is the most common cause for A and / a) acute !eriodontal abscess5 b) chronic !eriodontal abscess c) a!ical !eriodontal abscess 1=. Eommonest disase in children a) acute !eriodontitis b) chronic !eriodontitis c) furcal in$ol$ement d) chronic abscess5 1?. What "ould ha$e to do first in the correction of anterior cross bite? a) inclined !lane b) Posterior ca!!ing c) Ancreasng $ertical dimension5 %6. The most dominant single emotional factor encountered in child management is fear of a) !ain b) un)no"n5 c) dentist d) "hite coat e) instrument and e1ui!tment %1. Which is !resent in *ngle#s class A di$ision % malcocclusion3 a) o!en bite b) retrusion of maxillary central incisors5 %%. Which etiologic factor is res!onsible for Elass AA di$ision % malocclusion *ngle#s Elassification is3 a) thumb suc)ing b) gro"th discre!ancy c) tongue thrusting habit d) tooth to Fa" si&e discre!ancy e) s)eletal cause5 %.. *fter < years of age the !lace that gro"s most in the dental arch is3 a) condyle b) from canine to canine c) behind the first !ermanent molars5

d) base border of the mandibular body e) the angle of the mandible %2. Cateral in cross bite ' rest all normal occlusion and there is enough s!ace ' use anterior guiding !lane %4. Which of these case you ex!ect to find se$ere class AA case3 a) *+8 angle of ( = degrees5 b) *+8 angle of - = degrees c) *+8 angle of (% degrees %<. -+* angle on ce!halogram best signifies the (8 221) a) to determine the relation of the maxilla to the cranial base5 b) to determine the relationshi! of the mandible to the cranial base c) relationshi! of the maxilla to mandible d) relationshi! of the mandible and !orion %7. @ost im!ortant fact in remo$al of im!acted teeth a) ade1uate ex!osure by remo$al of bone b) !re!arati$e assessment5 c) design of fla! d) use of general naesthesia %=. * !atient recei$ed a hea$y blo" to the right body of the mandible sustaining a fracture there. Where should you sus!ect a second fracture most li)ely be !resent? a) The sym!hysis region b) The left subcondylar region5 c) The right subcondylar region %?. 5/e$iation to the left side in o!ening. The fracture of? a) left subcondylar region b) right subcondylar region c) left body of the mandible5 .6. -im!le orthodontic !atient "hich of the follo"ing is necessary? a) ;istory b) @odels5 c) *rticulation d) Y-ray .1. The best definition of articulation is3 a) relation during mo$ement in cetric and eccentric relation b) relation "hen the face is not mo$ing in retrusi$e and lateral contact c) relation during lateral mo$ement from EH d) Position of maxillary !lanes of the teeth are in maximum contact5

.%. Which can be see in an x-ray at birth? a) deciduous incisors %M. of cro"n b) deciduous canine 1M. of cron c) occlusal surfaces of 1st molar d) indi$idual cus!s of %nd molar e) lo"er first u!!er and first !erment molars f) all deciduous teeth and the first !ermanent molars5 Cariology 1. Bor fluoride a!!lication to be cost effecti$e should be used in3 a) caries !rone indi$idual b) all community c) after irradiation d) diabetic !atients e) a and c 5 %. -tre!tococcus mutans !lay an im!ortant role in caries !rogress because it !roduces !olysaccharides3 a) glucans b) dextrans5 .. -tre!tococcus mutans utili&es "hich substrate to form dextran? a) glucose b) fructose c) sucrose5 d) amylo!ectin note3 /extran is a glucose !olymer formed from the glucose moiety of sucrose by oral microorganisms. 2. * soluble !olysaccharide found in dental !la1ue and formed from the fructose moiety of sucrose is called a) dextran b) le$an c) hyaluronic acid d) cellulose note3 le$an is one of the !olysaccharides formed from sucrose by oral microorganisms. 4. *ll dental Pla1ue3 a) +ot necessarily !roduce acid b) Produce chelation c) Produce caries

<. Pla1ue is defined as? a) bacteria and !olysaccharides b) food debris c) microorganisms ( des1uamated e!ithelial cells ( erythrocytes ( P@+ d) oral bacteia in an organi&ed arrangement5 e) At is a soft film com!osed mainly of bacteria and cannot be rinsed off the teeth.5 7. Jind of !olysaccharide in !la1ue a) ,lucose b) ,lucans c) Ce$ans and dextrans5 =. What is the most im!ortant factor for caries incidence ' sucrose carbohydrate ?. Where does the !roximal caries begin3 a) 8et"een the contact and the ridges (occlusal6 b) *!ically to the free gingi$al c) *!ically to the contact and coronally to the free gingi$al5 16. An root ca$ities (abrasion from toothbrush) the !atient feels3 a) s!ontaneaos !ain b) long !eriods of !ain then remission c) hy!ersensiti$ity to s"eets and acidic food5 d) !ain during brushing teeth5 11. /ental ser$ice in the community the first !riority is a) restoration of carious teeth b) treat !eriodontal disease c) relief of !ain d) !rimary !re$enti$e measure5 1%. To !re$ent cariogenic factor of medicine and syru!s a) inert sugar is acce!table substitue for sucrose in the !re!aration b) sucrose should be re!laced by sugar alcohol (sorbitol)5 c) the medicament should be used only in the bed d) dentist should monitor and )ee! record of the !atient#s medicines 1.. *d$antage of using of dental floss o$er rubber !oint interdentally3 a) remo$es !la1ue and debris in the inter!roximal surfaces5 b) !olish c) massage of the interdental !a!illae d) aid to recogni&e calculus subgingi$ally

12. Ehange the acidogenic flora to non-acidogenic flora by means of changing the diet. ;o" long it ta)es to achie$e this change3 a) fe" "ee)s b) se$eral months or longer 14. Eool climate fluoridated community at 6.74 !!m "hat !!m "ill result to fluorosis? a) 6 1 PP@ ' o!timum e$en u! to 1.%!!m (cold climate- less drin) "ater) b) 1.2 PP@ c) %.4 PP@5 d) 6.7 PP@ noteG hot climate less than .7 !!m cool climate 1!!m? 1<. * Ehild "ho is %-. years of age "ith fluoridated "ater the fluoride su!!lement "ill be a) 6 !!m b) .%4 !!m c) .46 !!m5 d) 1 !!m 17. The common denominator for all caries forming theories is !resence of microorganisms 1=. ;o" can you detect the most accurately a carious lesion a) >x!lorer5 b) bite "ing x ray -!roximal c) $isual 1?. @utans stre!tococci and lactobacillus can !roduce great amounts of acids (acidogenic). Digorously stimulated by sucrose a a!!ear to be the !rimary organisms associated "ith caries in man. Hecent e$idence suggests that mutans stre!tococci ' onset of caries (enamel). While lactobacilli in acti$e !rogression of ca$itated lesions(dentin) %6. *fter !ro!hylaxis acidogenic oral flora turns into non-acidogenic flora in a) se$eral hours5 b) 1 day c) a fe" days d) a "ee) %1. Pla1ue is more accurately described as bacterial !la1ue because it is com!osed almost com!letely of bacteria and their by-!roducts. The accumulation of !la1ue on teeth is highly organi&ed and ordered se1uence of e$ents. *dherent bacteria ha$e s!ecial rece!tors for adhesion to the tooth surface and also !roducea stic)y matrix that allo"s them to adhere to each other. *fter the first %2 hours changes in the !ro!ortion of the microorganism ta)e !lace3 stre!tococci decrease to about

249 and gram ' increases to %69. *fter . days gram negati$e cocci and rods continue to increase. *t 7days com!lex !la1ue flora consists ofG s!irochetes fisiform bacilli filamentous organisms gram ' cocci and gram ( bacilli. %%. The hardest dentin3 a) affectedZinfectedZsound b) infectedZaffectedZsound5 c) soundL infectedL affected d) affectedLsoundLinfected %.. >namel caries (&ones) a) Kone 1 ' translucent &one b) Kone % - /ar) &one c) Kone . ' 8ody of the lesion d) Kone 2 ' the surface &one %2. /entinal caries (&one) a) &one 1 ' normal dentin b) &one % ' sub-trans!arent dentin (deminerali&ation) c) &one . ' trans!arent dentin (intact collagen) d) &one 2- turbid dentin cannot self re!air "ith bacteia e) &one 4 ' infected dentin "ith bacteria and deminerali&ation note3 affected dentin is softened deminerali&ed dentin that is not yet in$aded by bacteria (% and .) infected dentin sofetened and contaminated by bacteria (2 and 4) %4. Patient ha$ing caries in all his teeth ' chec) sali$a ( test sali$a) %<. * !atient comes "ith lactobacillus of more than 166 666. What "ill you do? Heduce sugar in diet %7. Px "ith multi!le class % and class $ ' chec) diet %=. What is the im!ortant role of sali$a in dental caries3 buffering action %?. Why does !ul!al inflammation ta)e !lace before bacterial infiltration 3 toxins reaches first ( acid ) .6. When there is an inFury "hat )ind and "here "ill be the dentin be formed3 i. re!arati$e dentin5 ii. sclerotic dentin5 - lumen of dentin becomes smaller iii. irregular5 i$. dentin forms at locali&ed areas around !ul!al surface ' reactionary dentin5 .1. The most effecti$e in ma)ing teeth more resistant to caries3 a) general nutrition b) systemic fluoride during minerali&ation5 c) to!ical fluoride

d) inta)e of calcium .%. Earies acti$ity is directly !ro!ortional to each of the follo"ing exce!t? a) oral retention of fermentable carbohydrate eaten b) fre1uency of eating fermentable carbohydrate c) total daily inta)e of fermentable carbohydrate d) !hysical form of food items eaten 5 ... * non-caloric s"eetner (lo" cariogenic sucrose-substitutes) a) @anitol (sugar alcohol)5 b) saccharin c) xylitol (sugar alcohol)5 .2. Water fluoridation reduces caries by 46-<69 .4. Bor fluoride to be cost effecti$e it should be used in a) caries !rone indi$idual b) all community c) after irradiation d) diabeteic !atients e) a and c5 .<. Eause of ram!ant caries in children3high carbohydrate inta)e5 .7. An "hich tissues you find the highest fluoride3 a) 8one5 b) sali$a c) li$er d) blood e) brain note3 the fluoride content of bone in a community "ith fluoride deficient "ater su!!ly "as fould to be a!!roximately 466 !!m. Bluoride does not concentrate in the soft tissues of the body. *bout 1 !!m is found in most tissues on a fresh "eight basis. The le$el of fluoride in the blood and sali$a is a!!roximately 6.1 !!m .=. Bluoride in !la1ue .?. Bluoride in %.% mg +aB tablet or one teas!oonful 6.4 9 +aB solution a) % mg b) 1.4 mg c) 1 mg5 d) 6.%4 mg this can also be recei$ed 1 mg fluoride by consuming 1 liter of "ater "ith 1!!m fluoride in "ater.

26. Bluoride in high concentration is bacteriocidal but in lo" concentration is bacteriostatic 21. Bluoride in . years old fluoridated area 6.4 !!m ' gi$e 6.%4 mg tabs 2%. The oral lethal dose of fluoride for humans is estimated at3 a) 6.1 g - 6.% g b) 6.% g - 6.2 g c) 6.2 g ' 1.6 g d) %.6 g ' ..6 g5 2.. What is the largest amount of sodium fluoride tat should be !rescribed at any one tme to a gi$en indi$idual as recommended by the *merican dental association? a) %6 mg b) %<6 mg5 c) 7%6 mg d) ??6 mg 22. * fluoride at a concentration of 1 !!m contans 1.6 mg fluoride !er3 a) 6.1 ml b) 1ml c) 166 ml d) 1666 ml5 e) 1 666 666 ml note3 at a concentration of 1 !!m "hich is the o!timal concentration for !re$enting tooth decay "ithout !roducing fluorosis 1666 ml or slightly more than a 1uart "ould contain 1 mg fluoride 24. Bluorides are inhibited by mil) and other dairy !roducts. At reacts "ith the fluoride ions and forms insoluble salts that cannot be absorbed. 2<. Which fluoride not used in fluoridation of "ater a) +aB5 b) +a%-1B< c) ;%-1B< d) -nB% 27. Water fluoridation this material can#t be used ( bitter and not stable in solution causing staining at margins or restoration) a) -n B% b) *PB c) EaB d) +aB?

2=. -e$eral a!!lications ha$e been suggested to increase fixation of !ro!hylactic a!!lication of to!ical fluoride "hich includes *ll >xca!t3 g) increase B( in solution (concentration) h) increase P; of B( 5 i) increase ex!osure time to to!ical B((time) F) !retreat enamel "ith 6.49 !hos!horic acid )) use +;;2B( instead of +a B( 2?. :!timally fluoridated "ater in tem!erate climate contains a) 6.= !!m of B-5 b) 1 !!m of Bc) 1.% !!m of B46. The amount of B( for caries reduction according to !atients age and le$el of B( in drin)ing ;%:. Which is incorrect? a) 1 year old child re1uires no B( "hen drin)ing "ater is 6.. !!m b) . year old child re1uires +aB( "hen drining "ater is 6.7!!m c) < year old child re1uires 1 mg of B( "hen drin)ing "ater contains .4 !!m5 note3 <m '%y (Z..mm) 6.%4 !!m(...-.7um) none %-<y (Z..um) 6.4 !!m(..-.7um) 6.%4!!m L<y (Z..um) 1 !!m (..-.7 um) 6.4!!m 41. To !re$ent caries one should ad$ice a) fluoride in dentrifices b) honey should be substituted for sugar in the diet5 c) ra" and "hite sugar lea$e the same cariogenic !o"er d) a daily calcium su!!lement is an effecti$e !re$enti$e measure 4%. @ature dental !la1ue can be described as containing ' anaerobic mostly gram ' and filamentous bacteria 4.. @ost anticaries effect in sai$a a) P; b) *mylase acti$ity c) 8uffering ca!acity5 d) -ulfactare acti$ity 42. The most effecti$e in to ma)e teeth resistant to caries? a) general nutrition b) fluoride during minerali&ation5 c) to!ical fluoride d) calcium

44. An "hich of the follo"ing body tissues "ould the highest fluoride concentration be ex!ected? a) brain b) sali$a c) li$er d) bone (6.. !!m)5 e) blood 4<. The %.% mg +aB "ill gi$e rise to ho" many m. grams of B a) 1 mg b) 6.1 mg5 47. The most effecti$e immediate action for children "ho has accidentally s"allo"ed 16 cc of 169 fluoride solution is to3 ha$e the child drin) mil) or some other calcium containing li1uid 4=. *ciduric organisms (stre! mutans) they !roduce the extracellualr !olysaccharide glucans and fructans from metabolism of sucrose as "ell as form matrix of !la1ue 4?. The effect of systemic fluoride in adults ' no effect because they are already calcified <6. Transillumination method is used to diagnose (detect) caries. <1. Which ha$e the highest sucrose content3 a) ice cream b) cough syru!s (highest)5 c) canned Fuice d) brea)fast cereal e) s"eet !otato (lo"est) <%. 8acteria syntheti&e !la1ue from sucrose (most cariogenic sugar) <.. double blind techni1ue ' study of agent#s effects in "hich both the rece!ient and administrator )no"s "hether the acti$e or inert is gi$en <2. Primary !re$ention of !it and fissure ca$ity is PB<4. Pit and fissure ca$ity starts on the "all ( on enamel on each side of the fissure) <<. The effecti$e method to !re$ent dental decay ' Water fluoridi&ation <7. Teeth decrease enamel solubility "ith "ater fluoridation as fluoride increases

<=. Permanent six ' most susce!tible tooth to ha$e ca$ities <?. Tooth erosion- generali&ed tooth loss 76. tooth loss on u!!er anterior teeth ' bulimia 71. Burcation in$ol$ement ' chec) radioucency 7%. !ul!al hy!eremia is best treated by e) !artial !ul!ectomy f) root canal thera!y g) a!!lication of &inc oxide eugenol dressing because of lo" irritation to !ul!5 and sedati$e effect 7.. Transillumination as an aid can be used for each of the follo"ing condition? a) dental caries5 b) calculus c) acute maxillary sinusitis d) !ul! stnes e) hemorrhagic !ul! 72. What factors are im!ortant in determining the cariogenicity of a !atient#s diet3 a) ty!e of carbohydrate consumed b) !hysical form of the food c) fre1uency of consum!tion d) all of the abo$e are correct5 74. The form and fre1uency of carbohydrate inta)e that is most cariogenic is3fre1uent inta)es of retenti$e s"eets throughout the day 7<. ;igh sucrose and lo" sucrose in foods a) ice cream5 b) cough syru! c) Eordially5 d) s"eet !otato 77. The !ur!ose of the snyder test is to?!redict the nature of the combined acidogenic organisms in the oral ca$ity 7=. Using the fluoride in the root surface caries to !rotect a) enamel b) dentin and cementum5 c) cementum 7?. /ental !la1ue !roducesM a) chelation b) dental caries

c) acids5 =6. >lectric !ul! test does not detect? a) ca!!ed teeth5 b) not in all instances c) necrotic !ul! d) !ul!itis =1. The tooth is $ital "ith some degree of inflammation and !atient is in transit !ain treatment is? a) Pul! extir!ation and Ea(:;)% dressing b) Pul! Ea!!ing5 c) Pul! extir!ation and ledermix dressing d) Hemo$e filling and re!lace "ith K:>? e) >xtraction =%. -enile caries ' root caries =.. Patient "ith multi!le root surface caries should be ad$isedG lo" abrasi$e tooth!aste =2. the caries !re$enti$e effect of fluoride de!ends on-their incor!oration uniformly throughout the enamel and ma)ing it caries resistant =4. Which of the follo"ing "ould contraindicate dental sealant a!!lication 3 e$idence of fran) caries =<. cariogenic bacterias a) stre!tococcus mutans ' $ery acidogenic b) lactobacillus acido!hilus-$ery acidogenic c) lactobacillus casei-less acidogenic d) stre!tococcuss sanguis- less acidogenic e) stre!tococcus sali$arius-less acidogenic f) stre!tococcus mitior- less acidogenic g) stre!tococcus milleri- less acidogenic h) stre!tococcus faecallis- less acidogenic i) stre!tococcus $iscosus

Radiology 1. Cong cone should be used for !aralleling techni1ue for the follo"ing reasons3 a) to minimi&e the ex!osure dose to the !atient b) to get !ro!er angulation5

%. Camina dura in x-ray a) radiolucency bet"een b) the cribriform !late of bone ma)ing u! the tooth soc)et5 (su!!orting al$eolar bone) c) dense !art of bone consistent "ith healthy !eriodontal status d) the !attern of radio!a1ue lines in su!!orting al$eolar bone .. H*/ is defined as3 measurement of the amountMenergy of x-ray absorbed on mass surface 2. >x!osure of the film to x-ray the sil$er bromide emulsifies rearranged. This causes3 a) radio!acity b) radioucency c) latent image (blac) metallic sil$er)5 4. The extra-oral radiogra!h best demonstrates a) subcondylar !ortion of the mandible is3 b) To"ne#s $ie" (re$erse to"ne#s)5 c) -ubmental $ertex <. The extra-oral radiogra!h that best sho"s maxillary sinuses ( also midfacial fracture) is3 a) "ater#s $ie"5 b) *P -)ull 7. ;o" can you ma)e sure a tooth is an)ylosed radiogra!hically? a) thic) lamina dura b) no !eriodontal ligament s!ace5 =. Hadiolucent area close to a!exof incisor (central) "hich mo$ed in the second xray is li)ely a3 a) cyst b) incisi$e foramen5 c) granuloma d) abscess e) artifact ?. Which of the follo"ing doesn#t reduce radiation (ans"er more than one) a) decreasing of )ilo $oltage5 b) ty!e of film c) collimation d) used of o!en end lead lined cone

16. The most im!ortant factore to !rotect the !atient from radiation3fastest film5 11. Hadiogra!hs of !roximal caries sho"s? a) clinical caries is bigger than radiogra!hic features5 b) clinical caries is smaller than radiogra!hic features 1%. The earliest a!ical radiogra!hic change seen in a !ul!ly in$ol$ed tooth is a) a!ical resor!tion b) loss of lamina dura c) "idening of !eriodontal ligament s!ace5 d) hy!ercementosis 1.. *s a diagnostic bite"ing should be ta)en a) e$ery year if the !arent consent b) "hen re1uested by !arent c) as !art of regular examination 5 d) e$ery t"o years 12. 8ite"ing x-ray is useful for a) !roximal caries5 b) occlusal cares 14. * caries in an x-ray a) is bigger than the same one in the teeth b) As smaller than the same one in the teeth5 c) As the same 1<. Af the de$elo!ing solution is too old the resulting film "ill be3 a) too light5 b) blurred 17. /entist is allo"ed to hold the film in the !atients mouth "hen3 a) the !atient is unable to hold the film because of !hysical !roblem b) dentist should ne$er hold the film5 c) time consuming for the dentist to hold the film d) all of the abo$e 1=. JDP- "ith time 1?. time related to intensity (in$erse s1uare la") %6. -!eed of film ' most effecti$e "ay to reduce rediation %1. H*/- radiation absorbed dose

%%. metal layer in the film !ac)et- to reduce radiation to !atient %.. Which of the follo"ing does not reduce ex!osure of !atient to x-ray radiation a) fast film b) filtration c) collimation of the beam d) o!en end eald lined cone e) reduction of JDP5 %2. :n examination of an x-ray of u!!er < it is noted that buccal roots ha$e been elongated considerably. This result of a) mesially directed hori&ontal angulation b) distally directed hori&ontal angulation c) too little $erical angulation5 d) too great $ertical angulation e) excessi$e obFect-film distance %4. Am!acted canine on the !alatal side the x-ray cone is mo$ed distally for the second film in relation to the root of the first !remolar the image3 a) mo$es diatlly if canine is on the !alatal side b) mo$es mesially if canine is on the !alatal side5 c) mo$es distally if the canine is on the buccal side %<. An an x-ray the lamina dura a!!ears as thin "hite line5 %7. The earliest a!ical radiogra!hic changes seen in !ul!ally in$ol$ed tooth is3 a) resor!tioin of bone b) loss of lamina dura c) "idening of !eriodontal ligament s!ace5 %=. Hadiogra!hic absence of lamina dura is a feature of all the follo"ing exce!t a) Paget#s diseas b) ;y!er!arathyroidism c) Bibrous dys!lasia d) :steogenesis im!erfecta5 %?. Cate Paget#s /isease ' x-ray a) orange !eel b) cotton "ool5 c) mosaic ' histo d) co!!er "ire .6. The x-ray tube ' to 'film distance is increased fom = to 1< inches. What fraction of the original radiation intensity at = inches in the film no" ex!osed to at 1< inches? a) %69

b) %49 c) ..9 d) 4695 .1. The early !aget disease radiogra!h sho"s? a) radioluscent area5 b) cotton "ool a!!earance c) radio!a1ue area .%. Which x-ray do you use for assessing !eriodontal condition? a) !eria!ical b) bite-"ing c) occlusal d) !anoramic5 e) intraoral source radiation ... The correct definition of H*/ is a) amount of x-ray radiation the !atient absorbs into the body tissue Hadiation *bsorbed /ose b) absorbed dose is a measure of energy .2. H>@ roentgen e1ui$alent man3 The amount of any ioni&ing radiation that has the same biologic effect in man as one H of x-radiation .4. Ancisi$e foramen is su!er im!osed o$er a!ex of root on radiogra!h it may be mista)en for? cyst5 .<. 8lo" in the mandible signes are3 de$iation to the left in o!ening and in x-ray a!!ears a unilateral fracture "here is the fracture? a) nec) of the condyle (right) b) body of the mandible(left) c) nec) of the condyle (left)5 d) body of the mandible (right) .7. The root image is too long ' angulation is too short .=. An "hich disease you can see radiio!acity? a) !aget#s diseaseQ cotton "oolQ a!!earance5 b) central cells c) cyst .?. 8ite"ing film is used to detect3 a) !roximal caries5 b) !eria!ical lesions c) al$eolar bone loss

26. * round radiolucent area near the a!ex of the maxillary central incisors mmo$es in the second radiogra!hs a) incisi$e foramen? b) Peria!ical abscess c) granuloma 21. What are "ays to decrease the amount of radiation to the !atient a) filtration of x-ray5 b) increase the JDP5 c) inclination of the x-ray5 (!arallel less) 2%. *ccording to in$erse s1uare la if you change the focal s!ot-film distance from %66 mm to 266 mm. When ex!osure time "as 6.%4 second then the time should be change to a) 6.4 sec b) 1 sec5 2.. Af you ha$e to chose an x-ray machine "ith one s"itch to con$ert <6 )F" to 76 )F". What changes in time "ill be3 no change 22. Which is the best $ie" to disclose any !athologies in the maxillary sinus? a) ("ater#s $ie") occi!itomental $ie"5 b) P* $ie" 24. When the tem!erature of the !rocessing solution too "arm and the time is normal room tem!erature the !rocessed film "ill be G dar) film

E*->-3 1. What are the !ro$isions of dental treatment during !regnancy? L routine dental treatment of !regnant "omen under local anesthesia is safe but general anaesthesia some drugs and !ossibly radiogra!hy may endanger either fetus or mother L:ral Eom!lications 1) aggra$ation of !reexisting gingi$itis (!regnancy gingi$itis) "hich begins in about % months and !ersist until !arturition. Am!ro$e oral hygien and scaling reduce gingi$itis and cboth conditions may resol$e after !arturition. %) The teeth do not of course lose calcium as a result of fetal demands and there is no reason to ex!ect caries to become more acti$e unless the mother de$elo!s a ca!ricious fro s"eets

.) An fe" "omen subFect to recurrent a!hthae ulcers may sto! during !regnancy or e$en "orsen 2) Hadiogra!hy should be a$oided es!ecially in the first trimester "here the the fetus is most $ulnerable to de$elo!menatal defects although dental x-ray is a $ery minimal or insignificant ris). +e$ertheless if needed !atient must "ear a lead a!ron and ex!osure must be minimal. /rug Treatment3 This should be a$oided "here !ossible es!ecially in the first trimester. *ny drug may endanger the fetus but general anesthesia and !ossibly sedation "ith dia&e!am or mida&olam are !articular ha&ards and must be a$oided in the first trimester and in the last month of !regnancy. Tetracycline may cause tooth discoloration but other drugs may be terratogenic. Unfortunately many !regnant !atients are una"are of their !regnancy in the early !art of the trimester and therefore it is "ise to a$oid gi$ing drugs to "omen of child bearing age unless absolutely essential. /ental treatment3 best carried out in the second trimester but same !recautions a!!ly. *d$ance restorati$e must be !ost!oned until the !eriodontal state im!ro$es after !artuiution and !rolonged sessions of treatment are better tolerated. An the third trimester it "ould be hard to do electi$e !rocedure because of te ris) of hy!otention and !remature labour. 8etter to a$oid dental treatment at thelast month. +itrous oxide and other anesthetics mercury $a!or and infections such as "ith $iruses may !ose occu!ational ris) to !regnant dental staff. %. *s !art of a medical history the !atient told you that he had he!atitis 16 years ago. What other information "ill you re1uire form the !atient regarding his !resent condition and ho" these informations "ill affect your treatment !lan? /etails on the cause onset duration sym!toms ty!e and treatment of the !atient#s he!atitis condition 16 years ago. Present medical condition last medical chec)-u! Cast dental treatment and com!lications if any Ty!e of dental treatment needed Caboratory examination on ;e!atitis antigen and antibiody A. ;e!atitis 8 *. Elinical *s!ect ' the effects of he!atitis 8 infection range from subclnical infections "ithout FFaundice in the $ast maFority of cases to fulminating he!atitis acute he!atitis failure and death. @ost !atients reco$er com!letely and suffer no unto"ard effect a!art !erha!hs from some !ersistent malaise. The !rosromal !eriod of 1-% "ee)s is characteri&ed by anorexia malaise and nausea. @uscle !ains arthralgia and rashes are more common in he!atitis 8 than he!atitis * and there is often fe$er. *s Faudice becomes clinically e$ident the stools become !ale

and the urine dar) due to bilirubinuria. The li$er is enlarged and tender and !ruritis may be traoublesome. -erum en&yme estimations are useful. This can !ersist into a carrier state can remain !ositi$e for %6 years. @ost carriers are healthy but other es!ecially those "ith !ersistently abnormal li$er function tests de$elo! chronic disease. 8. /ental @anagement -ources3 blood. Plasma serum sali$a Anmunity3 ;e!atitis -urface antibody Uni$ersal !recautions /ental staff shuld consider $accination against he!atitis 8. With extremely high ris) !atients it may be ad$isable that only staff "ho are immune should carry out dental treatment. At is clear that not only is there ris) from )no"n !ositi$e !atients3 there are also dental !atients "ho are totally unsus!ected carriers some other sus!ects are negati$e at the time of testing but may become !ositi$e before treatment. At is im!ortant to a$oid !enali&ing ;bs*g(() !atients by refusing them treatment since such actions may lead the !atient to conceal the fact that he may be !osisti$e or is at ris). Burthermore since most !ositi$e !atients are unidentified refusal to treat )no"n cariiers "ould not significantly reduce the ris) to the o!erator. >mergency dental care necessary during incubation or acute he!atitis should be carried out in the hos!ital de!artment "ith a!!ro!riate !recautions against transmission of infection. /ue regard must be ta)en for the fact that the li$er damage may influence dental treatment. AA. ;e!atitis * ' this is communicable for only %-. "ee)s for the latter half of the incubation !eriod until a fe" days after the onset of Faundice. The infection has not been re!orted to be transmitted from an infected oral surgeon and !atient. AAA. +on* and +on8 ' most common ty!e of !ost-transfusion he!atitis in some areas and is res!onsible for much s!oradic $iral he!atitis !articularly intra$enous drug abusers Precautions in !atients "ith $iral he!atitis infection in dental treatment3 1. The !atient should be treated at the end of session %. *ll dental staff should "ear glo$es goggles mas) go"ns. -taff "ith any ex!osed s)in "ounds must be co$ered. .. *ll "or)ing surfaces must be co$ered 2. Where$er !ossible dis!osable instruments should be used. 4. To a$oid any !ossible aerosol s!read of ;8D ;AD other $iruses and o!!ortunistic organisms ultrasonic scalers should not be used. *ir-rotor should be used "ith a rubber dam.

<. Antraoral Hadiogra!hs can be ta)en !ro$ided each !ac)et of film "ill be co$erd by a sealable !lastic en$elo!e before use. The cone of the x-ray should be "ra!!ed 7. * !ortable suction system should be used and a metal container used as a s!ittoon =. Am!ression used must be silicone basd and disinfected before sending to the laboratory ?. /is!osable instryments and shar!s be !laced in a non!uncture container 16. Personels "ith he!a 8 shots .. the !atient came to your surgery as)ing you to re!lace his a$ulsed 11 "ith tooth Oscre"edQ to the bone. ;e said he "atched a documentary in the tele$ision about osteoim!lantation "hat informations "ill you gi$e the !atient regarding the re1uest for treatment? Preo!erati$e @edical >$aluation of the Am!lant Patient - The contraindication for im!lant is similar to any electi$e surgical !rocedure - Eontraindications ti im!lant !lacement3 *cute illness Terminal illness Pregnancy Uncontrolled metabolic disease (/iabetes) Tumorocidal radiation to im!lany site unrealistic ex!ectationsAm!ro!er moti$ation lac) of o!erator ex!erience (!oor oral hygiene) and unable to !rosthodontically restore. >$aluation of the im!lant site ' clinical and radiogra!hic e$aluation to e$aluate is there is ade1uate bone and to e$aluate the !roximity of anatomic structures that may interfere "ith im!lant !lacement. The combined surgical and restorati$e !lan along "ith feasible nonim!lant alternati$es are then !resented to the !atient so that he she can ma)e an informed decision "hether to !roceed "ith treatment. - Elinical examination a) $isual ins!ection and !al!ation "ill allo" the detection of flabby excess tissue narro" bony ridges and shar! underying ridges and undercuts that may not be ade1uate if the thic) o$erlying soft tissue is dense immobile fibrous tissue. - Hadiogra!hic >$aluation a) initial film using !anoramic radiogra!h b) bone "idth of maxi and mandi ' ce!halometric x-ray c) !osterior mandible and maxilla ' clinical examination d) ET-scan ' determine the locatin of the inferior al$eolar canal and maxillary sinus but high radiation so limit routine use - *natomic Cimitation to im!lant !lacement a) 8uccal Plate 0 6.4 mm b) Cingual !late 0 1.6 mm c) @axillary sinus 0 1.6 mm d) +asal ca$ity 0 1.6 mm e) Ancisi$e Eanal 0 a$oid midline maxilla

f) Anterim!lant distance 0 ..6 mm bet"een outer edge of im!lant g) Anferior al$eolar canal 0 %.6 mm from su!erior as!ect of bony foramen h) Anferior border 0 1.6 mm i) *dFacent natural tooth 0 6.4 mm Vuality of bone 0 The bone 1uality in the maxilla !articularly in the !osterior maxilla is !oorer than the mandibular bone. There are larger marro" s!acesand thinner less dense cortical bone "hich affects treatment !lanning since increased time mmust be allo"ed for integration of im!lants. ,eneraly a minimum of < months is necessary for ade1uate integration of im!lants !laced in the maxilla Minimum integration time 3 *nterior mandible ( . months) Posterior mandible ( 2 months *nterior maxilla (< months) Posterior maxilla ( < months) Anto bone graft (<-? months)

Anformmed Eonsent "ith both the surgeon and restorati$e dentist and !atient !rior to surgery and demonstrate !ro!osed treatment. The !atient should be informed regarding time of surgery the need for % surgical !rocedure and the deli$ery of the finished !rosthesis. The !atient should also be informed concerning the need to lea$e existing dentures out and the length of time this "ould be necessary. The !atient should be informedabout !otential short and long term ris)s such as ner$e inFury infection and im!lant failre. *lternati$e treatment o!tions including con$entional dentures or bridges should be !resented. Binally a clear understanding of the ex!ected cost of the !ro!osed treatment should be reached. *fter this information is discussed the !atient should then sign a "ritten informed consent document. -urgical Treatment 3 This can be done in an ambulatory setting "ith local anesthesia. This ty!e of surgery re1uires more time than other surgical !rocedures so that the sue of conscious sedation is beneficial. *lthough im!lant !lacement is less traumatic than tooth extraction the !atient "ill ha$e the ex!ectations that it "ill be more so. Preo!erati$e !atient education and conscious sedation both hel! to lessen their anxiety. Preo!erati$e antibiotic is usually recommended. *n oral dose of !ro!hylaxis is usually recommended % grams !enicillin D 1 hour !rior to treatment. +o !ost o!erati$e antibiotic needed Profound anesthesia is re1uired for !recise im!lant !lacement

*de1uate ase!tic techni1ue to minimi&e ris) of infection. The !atient should rinse "ith 14 ml of 6.1%9 Ehlorhexidine gluconate (Peridex) for .6 secs immediately !rior to the start of the surgery "hich is effecti$e iin significantly reducing the oral microbial count and maintaining a reduced le$el for an hour or more. * !erioral facial !re!aration using iodine or chlorhexidine based antise!tic solution is useful. The field is then isolated "ith sterile to"els. The surgeon and assistants should follo" sound sterile techni1ues using mas)s sterle glo$es and sterile nstrumentation. 1. soft tissue incision %. !re!aration of im!lant site .. im!lant !lacement Post-o!erati$e care3 a) radiogra!hic assessment to e$aluate the !osition of the im!lant inrelation to adFacent structures such as sinus and inferior al$eolar canal and relati$e to other im!lants. b) *nalgesics ( mild to moderate strength) c) 6.1%9 chlorhexidine gluconate rinses for % "ee)s after surgery to )ee! bacterial !o!ulation s at a minimum during healing. d) The !atient is e$aluated in a "ee)ly basis until soft tissue "ound healing is com!lete ( %-. "ee)s) e) *fter 1 "ee) the !atient can "ear denture that is relined "ith soft liner -tage AA -urgery3 1. im!lant unco$ering 3 The goal is to accurately attach the abutment to the im!lant !reser$e attached tissue and recontour and thin tissue as necessary. *d$anced -urgical techni1ue (Postextraction Placement of Am!lant) Time3 The im!lant may be !laced immediately ( at the time of extraction). >arlier ("ithin a fe" "ee)s of extraction) or later ( more than % months follo"ing extraction) 1) Ammediate ' o$er-all shortest !ossible healing time if tooth remo$ed not infected and remo$al "ithout bone loss the im!lant "ill be !laced 2 mm a!ical to the a!ex of the tooth. *nd countersun) by about % mm belo" the crestal bone to allo" for resor!tion. 1mm ga! im!lant and soc)et no modifications needed if more than 1mm must use guided tooth eru!tion. Primary soft tissue closure must be achie$ed. Antegration time !lus additional 1-% months. %) .-2 "ee)s after ' during this time the o$erlying soft tissue "ill heal and !rimary closure can be achi$ed. This does not do anything to im!ro$e the 1uality of the bone but does hel! "ith

soft tissue closure. There should be an increase in integration by 1 month. .) Af bone 1uality or 1uantity is com!romised better to "ait for a minimum of % months !rior to im!lant !lacement. This is long enough to allo" remodelingof the soc)et and for multirooted teeth some filling of the soc)et "ith bone. Placement same as the techni1ue for rutine im!lant !lacement.

2. What are the disad$antages and ad$antages of moisture control used in restorati$e dentistry :!erati$e dentistry cannot be 1xecuted !ro!erly unless te moisture in the mouth is controlled. @oisture control refers to excluding sulcular flid sali$a and gingi$al bleeding from the o!erati$e field. At also refers to !re$enting hand!iece s!ray and restorati$e debris from being s"allo"ed or as!irated by the !atient . The rubber dam suction de$ices and absorbents are $aryingly effecti$e in misture control. These techni1ues and oters are discussed in detail later. 1) Hubber /am ' is used to define the o!erating field by isolating one or more teeth from the oral en$ironment. The dam eliminates sali$a from the oral en$ironmet. The dam eliminates sali$a from the o!erating site and retracts the soft tissue. b) *d$antages3 - dry clean o!erating field - access and $isibility - im!ro$e !ro!erties of dental materials ( restorati$e materials "ill not achie$e their maximal !hysical !ro!erties if used in a "et field - !rotection of !atient an ddentist (as!iration) (infections) - :!erating efficiency and increased !roducti$ity (less tal) "ith !atient 1uadrant treatment can be done) c) /isad$antage ' time consuming - !atient obFection - uneru!ted tooth third molar and mal!osed tooth 1) ;igh Dolume >$acuatorM -ali$a >Fectors *d$antages of hi-$ac a) cutting both of tooth and restorati$e materials as "ell as other debris are remo$ed from the o!erating site b) a "ashed o!erating field im!ro$es access and $isibility c) there is no dehydration of the oral tissues

d) "ithout an anesthetic the !atient ex!eriences less !ain e) !auses that are sometimes annoying and time consuming are eliminated f) !recious metals are mmore readily sal$aged g) 1uadrant dentistry is facilitated %) *bsorbents and throat -hields 0 are hel!ful in short !eriods of isolation .) Hetraction Eord ' used for isolation and retraction in the direct !rocedures of treatment of cer$ical lesions and in facial $eneering as "ell as indirect !rocedures in$ol$ing gingi$al margins. 4. * 14 years old boy came to your surgery "ith deciduous canine still intact and no e$idence of !ermanent u!!er canine. What measures "ill you use to see if the !ermanent canine is eru!ting?*nd u!on examining it. What you carry on as !art of your treatment !lan? 1) >xamination ' clinical and radiogra!hic !osition eru!tion root de$elo!ment and !resence of the tooth %) /e!ends on root de$elo!ment ' extraction of !rimary to hasten eru!tion or surgical ex!osure !lus orthodontic traction to !ull the tooth do"n. .) :steoectomy and fla! is needed 2) Dital !ul! ' %-. mm dring 2-= months in order to !rotect tooth $itality 4) +on-$ital ' can be extruded more ra!idly .-4 mm during .-< "ee)s <) Hetention !eriod of not less than < months to !re$ent rela!se <. * dee! carious lesion in an asym!tomatic $ital tooth is being exca$ated. The !ossibility is that continued exca$ation might result in an ex!osure What "ill you do? 1) "hat tooth %) isolate "ith rubber dam .) caries remo$al lateral "alls before dee!er area Fust in case !ul! ex!osure occurs ( Eaoh liner and tem!orary cement) obser$ation before !ermanent filling 2) remo$e infected dentin but lea$e letehry dentina dn !lace ,lass Aonomer and then obser$e ' indirect !ul! ca!!ing 4) others 7. 8ulimia F) de!ression self-de!recating thoughts )) a"areness that eating !attern is abnormal ' nutritional counceling l) gastrointestinal disturbance m) self-inducing $omiting cause s"elling of sali$ary glands and eso!hagus

n) oral manifestations 3 burning sensation of tongue soar throat angular stomatitis enamel erosion dentinal hy!ersensiti$ity(!ermylolysis) lingual surface of maxillary incisors most often affected ram!ant caries from high consum!tion of sucrose irritated soft tissue from acid in $omiting o) treatment3 full co$erage !lastic s!lints !rotect the teeth "ith magnesium hydroxide to!ical fluoride fluoride rinse bicarbonate after $omiting incident =. >ffects of early tooth loss !) Bunction and oral health 1) -u!raeru!tion r) >ffect on madibular !osture s) Physiological effects on child and !arent t) :n !ermanent teeth (sha!e and si&e) ?. ,ingi$al ;y!er!lasis u) occurs in 26-469 of children ta)ing !henytoin for sei&ure control $) .69 of these lesions "arrant excision ") hy!er!lastic tissue is thought to be an exaggerated res!onse to !la1ue and therefore can be !artially controlled "ith institution of good oral hygiene !ractices 16. . stages of sy!hilis3 i. !rimary (chancre)3 shallo" re hard ulcer !ainless demonstrating T ii. secondary 3 rash of red flat or raised macules eru!ts o$er entire body demonstrates s!irochetes through lym!hocytes blood test serology negati$e iii. tertiary lesion a!!ears bet"eeb 7 months to 4 years after initial contact 11. carcinoma of the tongue3 i. %4-269 of oral carcinoma (excluding li! lesions) ii. uncommon in $ery young iii. ty!ically asym!tomatic later stage de$elo! !ain or dys!hagia i$. clinically3 indurated non-healing ulcer "ith ele$ated margin $. most common location is !osterior lateral border3 249 of tongue uncommon to de$elo! in the dorsum of the tongue 1%. To!ical Bluorides3 $i. effecti$e in reducing caries during adolescence $ii. can be carried out !rofessionally or by self- a!!lication $iii. most common used agents3 +aB -nB S *PB. -olution or gel ix. effecti$eness bet"een 1=9 - =69 1.. Professionally administered to!ical B com!ared "ith self-a!!lication to!ical BG the self-a!!lied B is3 b) more fre1uent a!!lications are !ossible c) more sustained and higher le$els of fluoride in > ha$e been re!orted d) more economical e) higher caries reduction ha$e been re!orted o$er 769

f) excretion of fluoride $ia the main route3 )idney - urine 12. Pain- dysfunction syndrome of T@I there is a s!asm of3 masticatory muscles leading to limited mo$ement of the mandible if the s!asm not relie$ed 14. Treatment of Eandidiasis3 x) maFority of cases sim!ly treated "ith to!ical a!!lications of +ystatin sus!ension y) chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis or oral candidiasis associated "ith immunosu!!ression to!ical agents may not be effecti$e. -ystemic administration of3 am!hotericin 8 maybe necessary 1<. * $itamin "hich cannot be synthesi&ed or stored in the body is3 i. $it. * ii. $it. 8 iii. $it. E5 i$. $it. > 17. Phenytoin-induced gingi$al hy!er!lasia &) treatment should em!hasi&e elimination of local gingi$al irritants scru!ulous oral hygiene and interdental massage aa) hy!er!lasia of any degree "ill not resol$e sim!ly by remo$ing local gingi$al irritants and excision of hy!er!lastic gingi$al root !lanning and elimination of rough margins on restorations are usually necessary before ade1uate gingi$al hygiene and !la1ue control can be established bb) if gingi$ectomy is not follo"ed by ade1uate home care and use of interdental massage hy!er!lasia "ill recur 1=. :ral Eancer usually s1uamous cell carcinoma como sites are li!s lateral border of the tongue and floor of the mouth. Eancer of the buccal mucosa and gingi$ae is less common and hard !alate cancer is rare. Eauses are obscure and the role of alcohol and cigarette smo)ing are unconfirmed. ,eneral management3 any lesion of dubious nature should be bio!sied. Patients "ith oral cancer are best managed by a team of s!ecialists including the dental surgeon. :!inion $aries as to the $alue of radiothera!y or surgery3 many early leasions can be treated by etehr method. While ad$anced cancer is in general incurable by any techni1ue. The ty!e of dental care should to some extent be tailored to ta)e account of the !rognosis and must al"ays be !lanned inr elation to the interest that the !atient has in his oral state. Iust because the !atients are dying does not mean ho"e$er that tey should be allo"ed to suffer from dental !ain or that tehri a!!earance be neglected. Andeed the !ro$ision of dental attention for exam!le the contruction of a denture may hel! the !atient#s morale :ral com!lications of radiothera!y in$ol$ing the oral ca$ity or sali$ary glands a) mucositis initial reaction is mucosal erythema follo"ed by sloughing and considerable discomfort. /ys!hagia and oral soreness becomes maximal %-2 "ee)s after radiothera!y but usually subsides in a further %-. "ee)s.

b) Coss of taste (hy!oguesia) ' damage to the taste buds but xerostomia alone can disturbe taste sensation. Taste may start to reco$er "ithin %-2 months but if more than <666 Egy ha$e been gi$en loss of taste is then usually !ermanent. c) Yerostomia and Anfection ' irridation de!resses sali$ary secretion and the sali$a has a higher $iscosity bt lo"er !h. Will return after se$eral months. Yerostomia !redis!oses to inflammatory !eriodontal disease caries oral candidosis and acute ascending sialadenitis. d) Hadiation caries and hy!ersentsiti$ity ' softer and more cariogenic diet because of dryness of mouth and loss of taste.irridation causes hy!ersensiti$ity ma)ing oral hygiene measures more difficult. e) :steoradioecrosis and osteomyelitis ' death of bone of Fa" extraction after radiothera!y can lead to osteomylitis f) Trismus ' !rogressi$e endarteritis of affected tissues "ith reduction in their blood su!!ly follo"s radiothera!y. The result may be re!lacemnt fibrosis of the masticatory muscles. Bibrosis becomes a!!araent .-< months after radiothera!y and can cause !ermanent limitation of o!ening g) /ental defects ' irradiation of de$elo!ing teeth can cause hy!o!lasia and retarded eru!tion. /ental treatment 3 com!lications of dental thera!y after radiothera!y are such that !lanned treatment should be carroed out before irradiation. :ral hygiene should be meticulous !re$enti$e dental care instituted and restorati$e !rocedures carried meticulous !re$enti$e dental care instituted and restorati$e !rocedures carried out at this stage. The time inter$al !ermitted bet"een extractions and radiothera!y is in$ariably a com!romised because of the need to start treatment as soon as !ossible. +o bone should be left ex!osed in the mouth "hen radiothera!y begins since once the blood su!!ly is damaged by radiothera!y "ound healing is Feo!ardi&ed. *ny ad$ise as inter$al of at least % "ee)s bet"een extracting the teeth and strating radiothera!y but this is not al"ays essential. /uring thera!y ' @ucositi may be relie$ed by using "arm nomalr saline mouth"ashes and lignocaine $iscous % !ercent. -mo)ing and alcohol should be discouraged. * 6.% 9 chlorhexidine mouth "ash to be used tomaintain oral hygiene. -ali$a substitue may !ro$ide sym!tomatic reliefe. Trismus may be reduced by Fa"-o!ening exercises "ith tongue s!atulas or "edges used . times a day. *ntfubgal drug such as nystatin sus!ension as mouth"ash can be sued four times daily as may be re1uired. *fter thera!y ' :ral hygiene and !re$enti$e dental care should be continued and mucosistis managed as outlined on to!. /entale xtarctions after thera!y can cause osteomylitis but if una$aoidable trauma should be )e!t to a minimum raising the !eriosteum as litte as !ossible and ensuring the shar! bones are remo$ed. Eareful suturing is needed and continued for 2 "ee)s at least. if in the line fo radiation the extractin is sometimes !os!osed and

cntroled by antimicrobials. Hadiation cariesand hy!ersensiti$ity can be controlled bydaily to!ical fluoride a!!licationsubstitu sugar "ith alcohol base sugar and mouth"ashes of sodium bicarbonate may hel! dissol$e the stringy sali$a that forms /entures be made after 2-< "ee)s of thera!y to !re$ent ucosities formation. Yerostomia by artificial sali$a 1?. s1uamous cell carcinoma - carcinoma of the tongue is common in alcoholic and smo)ers male %6. ;y!ertension ' the anxiety associated "ith dental treatment ty!ically causes a rise in blood !ressure and may rarely !reci!itate cardiac arrest or cerebro$ascular accident. Preo!erati$e assurance and sedation are therefore im!ortant. Patients are best treated in the morning and gi$en short a!!ointments only. *s!irating syringes may be used to gi$e the local anesthetic since cathecolamines gi$en intra$enously may increase hy!ertension and !reci!itate arrythmias. Patient "ith hy!ertension may also ha$e management !roblems caused by the underlying disease or com!lications such as cardiac or renal failure. -ystemic corticosteriods may raise the blood !ressure and antihy!ertensi$e treatment may ha$e to be adFusted accordingly. %1. *ngina ' before dental treatment !atient must be reassured and !ossibly sedated "ith oral dia&e!am. Af angina has follo"ed attention in a !articular !atient he should be gi$en his usual medication ( glyceryl trinitrate) before treatment in started. This drug should be readly a$ailable in case of emergency. Af the !atient ex!eriences chest !ain the treatment shouldbe sto!!ed and be gi$en glyceryl trinitrite 6.4 sublingually and oxygen and be )e!t sitting u!right. The !ain should be relie$ed in %-. minutes if not the !atient is ha$ing a myocardial infarction and should be brought to the hos!ital. Bor anything but minor treatment under local anesthesia the !hysician should be consulted and consideration should be gi$en to any other com!licating factors such as beta-bloc)ers tera!y hy!ertension and cardiac failure. %%. @yocardial infarction ' consult !hysician before underta)ing o!erati$e treatment. ,eneral anesthesia is contraindicatd if a recent attac) ha!!ened. Treatment under ,* should be !ost!osed u! to . months or better yet after a year. :nly sim!le emergency dental treatment under C* should be gi$en "ithin .-< months. C* should be gi$en in lo" doses and "ithout undue anxiety and a$oid intra$enous inFection.