THREE HINGED ARCHES - 1

By:

Dr. N Suresh,
NIE, Mysore

e-Notes for the lecture on VTU EDUSAT Programme

Structural Analysis, Dr. N Suresh, NIE, Mysore

THREE HINGED ARCHES

An arch is a curved beam in which horizontal movement at the support is wholly or partially prevented. Hence there will be horizontal thrust induced at the supports. The shape of an arch doesnt change with loading and therefore some bending may occur. On the basis of material used arches may be classified into and steel arches, reinforced concrete arches, masonry arches etc., On the basis of structural behavior arches are classified as : Three hinged arches:- Hinged at the supports and the crown. Types of Arch

Types of Arches

Material used

Structural behavior Hinged at the crown

Loaded area

Rise Springing

Span Hinged at the support

Structural Analysis, Dr. N Suresh, NIE, Mysore

Two hinged arches:- Hinged only at the support.

Rib of the arch Span

Rise

Hinges at the support Fixed arches:- The supports are fixed.

A 3-hinged arch is a statically determinate structure. A 2-hinged arch is an indeterminate structure of degree of indeterminancy equal to 1. A fixed arch is a statically indeterminate structure. The degree of indeterminancy is 3. Depending upon the type of space between the loaded area and the rib arches can be classified as open arch or closed arch (solid arch). Filled Spandrel Braced Spandrel

Solid Arch

Open Arch

Structural Analysis, Dr. N Suresh, NIE, Mysore

Comparison between an arch and a beam

W y HA = H A a VA = H1 SPAN
x

RISE = h B b VB = HB = H

Wb L
a

Wa L
H1 VB =

x VA =

Wb x L

Wa L

M Arch = +
M Beam =
M Arch

wbx w (x a ) -H x y L

wbx w ( x a ) L = M Beam Hy

M Arch = M Beam H moment Owing to its geometrical shape and proper supports, an arch supports loading with less bending moment than a corresponding straight beam. However in case of arches there will be horizontal reactions and axial thrust. It is the process of determining external reactions at the support and internal quantities such as normal thrust, shear and bending moment at any section in the arch.

Analysis of 3-hinged arches

Procedure to find reactions at the supports

Step 1. Sketch the arch with the loads and reactions at the support. Apply equilibrium conditions namely Fx = 0, Fy = 0 and M = 0

Structural Analysis, Dr. N Suresh, NIE, Mysore

Apply the condition that BM about the hinge at the crown is zero (Moment of all the forces either to the left or to the right of the crown). Solve for unknown quantities.

P1: A 3-hinged arch has a span of 30m and a rise of 10m. The arch carries UDL of 0.6 kN/m on the left half of the span. It also carries 2 concentrated loads of 1.6 kN and 1 kN at 5 m and 10 m from the rt end. Determine the reactions at the support. (sketch not given). 1 kN 1.6 kN 0.6 kN/m C
5m 5m

h = 10m HB = 4.275 A VA = 7.35 L = 30m B HB = 4.275

VB = 4.25

Fx = 0 HA HB = 0 HA = HB
To find vertical reaction.

------ (1)

Fy = 0

VA + VB = 0.6 x 15 + 1 + 1.6 = 11.6

------ (2)

MA = 0

VB x 30 + 1.6 x 25 + 1 x 20 + (0.6 x 15) 7.5 = 0

V B = 4.25 kN VA = 4.25 = 11.6 A A = 7.35 kN

Structural Analysis, Dr. N Suresh, NIE, Mysore

To find horizontal reaction.

MC = 0 1x 5 1.6x10 + 4.25x15 H B x10 = 0

H B = 4.275kN H A = 4.275kN
MC = 0
7.375x15 H A x10 (0.6 x15)7.5 H A = 4.275kN H B = 4.275kN

OR

To find total reaction

VA = 7.35 kN RA A A HA = 4.275 kN
2 2

RB A

VB = 4.25 kN HB = 4.275 kN

R A = H A = VA

4.275 2 + 7.35 2 = 8.5kN A = tan 1

2

VA = 59 0.82 HA
2

R B = H B + VB = 6.02kN B = tan 1 VB = 44.83 HB

Structural Analysis, Dr. N Suresh, NIE, Mysore

2) A 3-hinged parabolic arch of span 50m and rise 15m carries a load of 10kN at quarter span as shown in figure. Calculate total reaction at the hinges. 10 kN C

15 m HA A VA 12.5 m 50 m B VB HB

Fx = 0 HA = HB
To find vertical reaction.

Fy = 0

V A + VB = 10

------ (1)

MA = 0
VB x 50 + 10 x 12.5 = 0 VB = 2.5 kN
To find Horizontal reaction MC = 0

VA = 7.5 kN

VB 25 H B 15 = 0

To find total reaction. VA = 7.5 RA A HA = 4.17 RB

VB = 4.25

HB = 4.17

Structural Analysis, Dr. N Suresh, NIE, Mysore

H B = 4.17 kN = H A R A = 4.17 2 + 7.5 2 R A = 8.581 kN A = tan 1

2

VA = 60 0.92 HA
2

R B = H A + VB R B = 4.861 kN V B = tan 1 B HB

= 30 0.94

3) Determine the reaction components at supports A and B for 3-hinged arch shown in fig. 180 kN C 10 kN/m

2.5 m HA A 10 m VA 2 .4 m B HB

8m

6m VB

To find Horizontal reaction

Fx = 0 HA HB = 0

Structural Analysis, Dr. N Suresh, NIE, Mysore

HA = HB
To find vertical reaction.

------ (1)

Fy = 0 VA + VB = 180 + 10 x 10

VA + VB = 280

------ (2)

MA = 0

VB x 24 + H B x 2.4 + 180 x 18 + 10 x 10 x 5 = 0 2.4H B 24VB = 3740 H B 10VB = 1558.33

------ (3)

MC = 0
180 x 8 VB x 14 H B x 4.9 = 0 H B x 4.9 VB 14 = 1440 H B + 2.857 VB = +293.87
Adding 2 and 3 ------ (4)

10VB + 2.857VB = 1558.33 + 293.87 VB =177kN VA = 103kN H B 10 x 177 = 1558.33 H B = 211.67kN = H A

Structural Analysis, Dr. N Suresh, NIE, Mysore