INTEGRATION BY PARTS

A function to be integrated is called an integrand. If the

integrand is a product of two function, one of which is the
derivative of same function (i.e, whose integral is known),
then we use the rule of integration by parts which is
proved below in different forms.
Theorem:
If u and v are function of x , then
du
uvdx u vdx . dx dx.
dx
proof : Let dx w.
dw
Then
dx
| |
} = } } } v
|
\ .
} v =
= v

By the rule for the derivative of the product of two
functions,
d dw du du
(uw) u w uv w
dx dx dx dx
= + = +
by the definition of indefinite integral,
du
uv w dx uw
dx
du
uvdx w dx uw
dx
du
uvdx uw w dx
dx
du
uvdx u vdx . vdx dx
dx
| |
} + =
|
\ .
| |
} + } =
|
\ .
| |
} = }
|
\ .
| |
} = } } }
|
\ .

Notes:-
1. The theorem is sometimes stated as follows:
If u and v are functions of x, then
d du
u dx uv v dx
dx dx
v | | | |
} = }
| |
\ . \ .
.
proof: By the rule for the derivative of the product of
two functions,
d dv du
(uv) u v
dx dx dx
= +
by the definition of indefinite integral,
dv du
u v dx uv
dx dx
dv du
u dx v dx uv
dx dx
dv du
u dx uv v dx.
dx dx
| |
} + =
|
\ .
| | | |
} + =
| |
\ . \ .
| | | |
} = }
| |
\ . \ .

2. The theorem can also be stated as:
If f(x)and g(x)are functions of x, then
If f(x)dx=f(x) and g(x) are function of x, then
f (x)g(x)dx f (x) g(x)dx [ g(x)dx].f '(x)dx } = } } }
proof: Let g(x)dx G(x) } = . Then G(x)=g(x)
By the rule for the derivative of the product of two
fuctions,
d
[f (x)G(x)] f (x)G'(x) G(x)f '(x)
dx
f (x)g(x) G(x)f '(x)
= +
= +

by the definition of indefinite integral,
[f (x)g(x) G(x)f '(x)]dx f (x)G(x)
f (x)g(x)dx G x)f '(x)dx f (x)G(x)
f (x)g(x)dx f (x)G(x) G x)f '(x)dx
f (x)g(x)dx f (x) g(x)dx [ g x)dx]f '(x)dx.
} + =
} + } ( =
} = } (
} = } } } (


Rule for the proper choice of the first and second
function :
When the integrand is a product of two functions, out of
which the second can be easily integrated (i.e. Whos integral is
known), we can use the rule of integration by parts. Hence, we
should make a proper choice of the first function and second
function.
Let us denote the different kinds of functions as:
A: Algebraic; T : Trigonometric;
E: Exponential; L : Logarithmic and
I : Inverse Trigonometric functions.
The order, in which the two functions are to be taken as the first
function and the second function, is according to the serial order
of the letters of the word LIATE.
Remark: All inverse trigonometric functions and logarithmic
function can be integrated by using , 1. } = u dx takingv v

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