++ 10. THE SKY BY AN UNAIDED EYE Q 1. Write the correct alternative from those given below each question.

1. Which constellation is useful to find the Pole Star during February to August? A (a) Saptarshi (b) Sharmishtha (c) Mriga (d) Vydha 2. How many stars are there in Saptarshi? B (a) Eight (b) Seven (c) Five (d) Three 3. How many stars are there in constellation Sharmishtha? B (a) Seven (b) Five (c) Four (d) Three 4. During which period is constellation Sharmishtha visible in the sky? A (a) September to February (b) February to September (c)March to June (d)February to July 5. Which line, connecting to two stars of Saptarshi, meets the pole star? A

(a) First two (b) Last two (c) Third and Fourth (d) Fourth and Fifth 6. Which is the brightest star in the sky? A (a) Pole star (b) Vydha (c) Mriga (d) Agastya 7. By what name is constellation Mriga known as? C (a) Agastya (b) Leo (c) Orion (d) Hunter

Q 2. Answer the following questions in very short. 1. During which period is constellation Saptarshi visible in the sky?

Ans. constellation Saptarshi is visible in the sky from February to August. 2. In which direction is the Pole Star visible? Ans.The Pole Star is visible in North direction . 3. Which star does not change its position? Ans. Pole star does not change its position. 4. By which two constellations can the Pole Star be identified? Ans. The Pole Star be identified by Saptarshi and Sharmishtha. 5. Which constellation has the shape like English letter W? Ans. Sharmishtha has the shape like English letter W 6. How many stars are in the middle of the constellation Mriga? Ans. There are three stars are in the middle of the constellation Mriga 7. Name the stars known as hunter. Ans. Vydha star is known as hunter.

8. In which direction is constellation Mriga visible during December to February? Ans. Constellation Mriga is visible during December to February in East. 3. Answer the following questions in short. 1. Which information is obtained through observation of the sky? Ans. Phenomena occurring on the earth can be related with the rising of the stars, setting of stars and change in position of stars. The change in the position stars can be related with seasons. 2. What is a constellation? Name two known constellations. Ans. Group of stars is known as constellation. The two well-known constellations are Sharmishtha and Saptarshi.

3. How are constellations named? Ans. If the shape seen looks like an animal or bird they are named like Leo, Orion, Scorpio, etc. Some of them are named after great kings like Agastya , Yagati, etc. Some are given the names of objects like Libra (balance), aquarius (pot) etc. 4. Which three qualities should be developed to study stars? Ans. The qualities like patience, effort and observation power. 5. Write the names of stars of constellation Saptarshi? Ans. In the Saptarshi constellation are Marichi, Vashishtha, Angira, Atri, Kratu, pulah, and pulsya/ Pulastya. 6. How is the position of the Pole Star identified by using constellation Saptarshi?

Ans. A very brilliant star is seen in the line of the first two stars forming a side of Saptarshi is known as Pole Star. 7. How is the position of the Pole Star identified by using constellation Sharmishtha? Ans. A very brilliant star from an imaginary right angle with the third and fourth star of Sharmishtha constellation. This is known as Pole star.

4. On basis of the textbook write the simple meaning of the following words: 1. Astronomer: A person who studies celestial objects. 2. Pole: One which stays in one direction only. 3. Vyadha: Vyadha means hunter. 4. Libra: Libra means a balance. 5. Aquarius: Aquarius means a pot.

5. Draw the figures of the following 9constellation: (1) Mriga Saptarshi (2)

(3) Sharmishtha

11. AIR 1. Write the correct alternative from those given below each questions. 1. What happens when an empty glass in dipped in the inverted position in a bucket filled with water? C (a) Air is filled in the empty glass. (b) Bubbling sound comes from the empty glass.

(c) Water is not filled in the empty glass. (d) Water filled in the glass comes out slowly. 2. What happens when a narrow- necked glass bottle filled with water is turned in the inverted position? B (a) Water does not come out from it. (b) Water comes out from it slowly. (c) Even a little air does not enter into it. (d) Entire water comes out rapidly from it. 3. What is moving air called? C (a) Climate (b) Atmosphere (c) Wind (d) None of these 4. Which of the following statements is not true for air? D (a) Air occupies space (b) Air is around us (c) Air cannot be seen (d) If an empty glass is inverted, then air comes out of from it. 5. By which force does the windmill work? A

(a) By wind (b) By electricity (c) By water flow (d) By coal energy

2. Answer the following questions as directed: 1. Write any one property of air. Ans.1. Air is present at all the places around.2.Air occupies space. 3. Air has weight. 2. Write two actions which prove that air is around us. Ans. 1.The Moving flag of the temple ,2.kites flying in the sky, 3. flying of hair when we move are some of the examples. 3. What is the layer of air around us known as? Ans. The layer of air is called atmosphere.

3. Write the following statement True and False in the brackets given against each: 1. There is no air in an empty glass. False 2. There is no more air in a glass, if it is filled half with water. False 3. If an empty glass is inverted, then air comes out from it. False 4. Air occupies space. True

12. LIGHT AND ITS PROPERTIES 1. Write the correct alternative from those given below each questions. 1. What is the natural source of light? B (a) Moon (b) Star (c) Candle (d) Electric bulb 2. Which of the following is not the natural source of light? D (a) Sun (b) Star (c) Glow-worm (d) Lantern 3. Which is the artificial source of light? D (a) Sun (b) Moon (c) Star (d) Tube light 4. Which of the following is not the source of light? A (a) Venus (b) Sun (c) Star (d) Torch 5. Which of the following statements is not true? C (a) Light is necessary to see an object. (b) Moon is not self-luminous.

(c) Lantern is a natural source of light. (d) Light travels in a straight line. 2. Answer the following questions in very short: 1. To what did Birbal say the brightest thing in the world? Ans. Birbal said light ,as the brightest thing in the world. 2. When do we not see an object, even if our eyes are open? Ans. We cannot see an object in the absence of light even if our eyes are open. 3. How is the path of light entering the house through the hole of the roof? Ans. The path of light entering the house through the hole of the roof is straight.

4. When is an object visible? Ans. When the light falling on it enters our eyes an object is visible. 5. What is meant by a natural source of light? Ans. A natural body emitting light is called natural source of light. 6. Write two examples of natural sources of light. Ans. Sun, Stars, Fire-fly are the examples of natural sources of light. 7. What is meant by an artificial source of light? Ans. Man-made objects emitting light are called artificial source of light. 8. Write two examples of artificial sources of light? Ans. Lantern, candle, electric bulb are the examples of artificial sources of light. 9. Which illuminated object is not a source of light?

Ans. Moon is illuminated object which is not a source of light. 10. How the objects of different colours are appear when we see them in dark at night? Ans. Objects of different colours will not be seen in dark room.

Q 3. Answer the following questions in short: 1. Why are even the white things not seen in dark room at night? Ans. Even the white things not seen in dark room at night because there is no light in the dark room and light is necessary to see any object.

2. What is source of light? State its types with examples?

Ans. A body emitting light is called source of light. (1) Natural source of light: A natural body emitting light is called natural source of light. Ex. Sun, Stars, Fire-fly. (2) Artificial source of light: Manmade objects emitting light is called artificial source of light. Ex . Lantern, Candle , Tube-light, Bulb etc. 3. Why does the moon appear illuminated to us at bright night? Ans. Moon is not a source of light. It reflects the sun light falling on it towards us. So the moon appear illuminated to us at bright night. 4. Write two properties of light. Ans. (1) Light travels in a straight line. (2) Light can pass through vaccum. 5. Through what does the light pass? When is it obstructed? Ans. Light passes through transparent objects and it is obstructed by an opque object.

4. Classify the following into natural sources of light and man-made sources of light. (1) Natural sources of light: Star, glow-worm (firefly), Sun (2) Man-made sources of light: Torch, Candle, Lantern, Tube light. 5. Explain giving scientific reason: Even though the moon gives out light, it cannot be considered as a source of light. Ans. Because moon is not self luminous. If reflects the sun light falling on it towards us.

6. Write the following statement if true and if false in the brackets given against each: 1. Moon is self-luminous. False

2. Planets are not considered as the sources of light. True 3. It may happen; one cannot see the object even though eyes are open. True 4. Tube light is not a source of light. False

13. MEASUREMENT OF TIME

Q 1. Write the correct alternative from those given below each question: 1. What are the special buildings constructed at Jaipur and Ujjain for observing stars called? B (a) Laboratory (b) Observatory (c) Astronomical laboratory (d) School 2. Which of the following instruments is not included as an instrument made by our ancestors to measure the time accurately? D (a) Water-clock (b) Sand clock (c) Shadow clock (d) Stop watch

3. In which type of watch are there no hands? D (a) Pendulum wall clock (b) Winding clock (c) Wrist watch (d) Digital watch 4. Which hand of the watch moves fastest? C (a) Hour hand (b) Minute hand (c) Second hand (d) Digital hand 5. How much time is taken by a minute hand to complete one round on the dial of the watch? D (a) 1 minute (b) 5 minutes (c) 12 minutes (d) 60 minutes Q 2. On basis of the textbook fill in the blanks in the following statements: 1. In olden time people were getting idea about time by using the natural events like sun rise, Purnima, etc. 2. In observatory, the time is estimated with the help of shadow of sun. 3. The entire time from sunrise, sunset and again sunrise next day means one day.

4. Two fortnights make one month. 5. On the dial of the watch the numbers from 1 to 12 are written. 6. Hour and minutes units are used to measure long span of time. 7. The motion of gears (toothed-wheels) is used in wrist watch instead of pendulum. Q 3. Answer the following questions in very short: 1. What is Purnima (new moon day)? Ans. Purnima is a day on which the moon appears full. 2. On which day does the moon not appear at all? Ans. On amavasya (no moon day). 3. In the olden days, by using whose position our ancestors used to guess the time at night?

Ans. In the olden days, by using position of moon and stars our ancestors used to guess the time at night. 4. How many marks does an hour hand move, when a minute hand completes one round? Ans. Hour hand move one mark a minute hand completes one round. 5. What is the time taken by an hour hand to complete one round on the dial of the watch? Ans. Hour hand takes 12 hours to complete one round on the dial of the watch. 6. Which hand of the clock moves slowest? Ans. Hour hand of the clock moves slowest. 7. Write two bigger units of time than the second? Ans. Hour and minutes are two bigger units of time than the second. 8. What is the standard unit of time?

Ans. Second is the standard unit of time. 9. What are the various types of watches to measure the time? Ans. The various types of watches to measure the time are pendulum clock, winding clock, quartz clock, digital clock etc are used. 10. Which type of watch is used by a teacher in sports competition? Ans. Stop watch is used by a teacher in sports competition. Q 4. Answer the following questions in short: 1. What is an observatory? Ans. Observatory is a special building where time can be estimated with the help of a shadow of the sun. 2. Which instruments had our ancestors made to measure the time accurately?

Ans. our ancestors made water clock, shadow clock, and sand clock to measure the time accurately. 3. In India, where are the observatories located? Ans. In India, the observatories are located at Jaipur, Ujjain, Delhi, Mathura and kashi. 4. Which things are needed to prepare a sand clock? Ans. Glass bottle with lock, a small pipe with narrow bore, fine sand and adhesive. 5. How did the people know the time in olden days? Ans. In olden days, the people used to know the time by knowing the position of the sun during the day and by knowing position of the stars during night. 6. What are the regular events?

Ans. The event which gets repeated after a fix interval of time is called regular events. 7. What change of occurs in the phase of the moon from no moon day to full moon day? Ans. The size of the moon increase day by day from no moon day to full moon day.

14. MEASUREMENT OF LENGTH Q 1. Write the correct alternative from those given below each questions: 1. Which is the standard unit to measure the length? B (a) Centimeter (b) Meter (c) Kilometer (d) Millimeter 2. Which is not the standard unit to measure the length? A

(a) Span (b) Meter (c) Centimeter (d) Kilometer 3. Which practical unit is used to measure the distance between two cities? C (a) Meter (b) Centimeter (c) Kilometer (d) Light year 4. In which unit is the length of a book measured? A (a) Centimeter (b) Meter (c) Kilometer (d) Light year 5. Of which is the light year unit? B (a) Time (b) Distance (c) Intensity of light (d) Mass 6. How many centimeters equal to one meter? B (a) 10 (b) 100 (c) 1000 (d) None of these 7. What is the largest unit of length? C (a) Meter (b) Centimeter (c) Kilometer (d) millimeter 8. What is the smallest unit of length? B (a) Kilometer (b) millimeter (c) Centimeter (d) Meter

Q 2. Answer the following questions in very short: 1. Which unit is used to measure the length of a prayer hall? Ans. Meter is used to measure the length of a prayer hall. 2. Which is the standard instrument (device) to measure the length? Ans. The standard instrument (device) to measure the length is foot-rule. 3. In which unit is the distance between celestial bodies measured? Ans. The distance between celestial bodies is measured in light-year. 4. Which body organ was used as a measuring device to measure the length of a Dhoti in olden days? Ans. Hand was used as a measuring device to measure the length of a Dhoti in olden days.

5. How many meters equal to one kilometer? Ans. 1000 meters is equal to one kilometer. 6. What is the length of a measuring tape used by a shopkeeper to measure the length of cloth? Ans. The length of a measuring tape used by a shopkeeper to measure the length of cloth is meter. 7. What is the length of a foot-rule kept in the geometry box? Ans. The length of a foot-rule kept in the geometry box is 15 cm. 8. What is the smaller unit than centimeter for length? Ans. Millimeter is the smaller unit than centimeter for length. 9. What is one light year? Ans. 1 light year = 9.46 x 10 km.

10. Which type of measuring tape is used by a tailor while taking the measurement of the waist? Ans. Meter tape is used by a tailor while taking the measurement of the waist.

Q 3. Answer the following questions 1.How can the length of a non-linear object be measured? Ans. We use a string to measure the length of a non-linear object. We keep the string on the boundary of the non-linear object from starting and then we measure the length of the string which give the length.

2.What did the people use to measure the length in olden days? Ans. The people used to measure the length in olden days Span, Hand, Stick, String etc to measure the length in olden days. 3.Why the universally accepted unit of length did become essential? Ans. The universally accepted unit of length become essential. So that the measurement of length become equal all over the world and it does, not differ from place to place. 4.What is the standard unit to measure the length? Write two units smaller than this unit and one unit larger than it. Ans. Meter is the standard unit to measure of the length. Two smaller units are centimeter and millimeter and one larger unit is kilometer. Q 4. What precaution should be taken while measuring the length by a foot-rule?

Ans. 1) The meter should be kept side by side with the object whos length is to be measured. 2) One end of the object should coincide with zero of the meter-rule.3) Our eye, end of the object and the division should be in a line perpendicular to meterrule.

Q 5. Match the appropriate pairs: Group A (What is to measured?) 1. Thickness of a glass 2. Length of a postcard 3. Breadth of a playground 4. Length of the Group B (Unit of measurement) A. Kilometer B. Centimeter C. Millimeter D. Meter

Answer [1- C ] [2- B] [3- D] [4- A]

river E. Light year

15. SOUND Q 1. Write the correct alternative from those given below each questions: 1. Due to vibrations of what is the sound produced in a violin? B (a) Air (b) Wire (c) Diaphragm (d) Water 2. Due to vibrations of what is the sound produced in drum? C (a) Wire (b) Air (c) Leather diaphragm (d) Sheet of the drum 3. Due to vibrations of what is the sound produced in a flute? D (a) Metal (b) Wire (c) Holes (d) Air 4. In which instrument is the sound produced due to vibration of wire? B (a) Shehnai (b) Sitar (c) Drum (d) Bell 5. In what does the sound not propagate? D

(a) Air (b) Water (c) Wire (d) Vaccum 6. At which of the following place can the echo be heard? B (a) Room of the house (b) Hilly region (c) Bathroom (d) Small room 7. At which of the following place the echo cannot be heard? D (a) Auditorium (b) Well (c) Domed temple (d) Small room 8. Which of the following is noise? C (a) Radio at low volume (b) Voice of a cuckoo (c) Sound of a firecracker (d) Sound of a Stream 9. Which of the following is not the adverse effect of the noise? D (a) Headache (b) Irritating nature (c) Deafness (d) Feeling sleepy 10. Due to what is echo produced? B (a) Irregular sound (b) Reflection of sound

(c) Propagation of sound in the medium (d) Noise

Q 2. Answer the following questions in very short: 1. Through which medium does the sound of a flying plane in the sky reach us? Ans. The sounds of a flying plane in the sky reach us through the medium of air. 2. Due to what is sound produced? Ans. Sound is produced when two objects strike with each other. 3. Due to vibrations of what is the sound produced in tabala? Ans. The sound is produced in tabala due to the vibration of the starched leather membrane.

4. In what does the sound propagate? Ans. The sounds propagate through the medium in air. 5. What is the various irregular sounds mix together at a time called? Ans. The various irregular sounds mix together at a time is called noise. Q 3. Answer the following questions in short: 1. Why does the sound stop when the ringing bell of the cycles is touched? Ans. The sound stop when the ringing bell of the cycles is touched because when we touch the ringing bell the vibration which are required for sound stops. 2. Due to what is the humming (grumbling) of a mosquito produced? Ans. The humming (grumbling) of a mosquito is produced because of flopping of its wings.

3. How is echo avoided in a theatre? Ans. The walls of cinema hall are made of special substances so that echo is not heard. 4.State the sources of noise. Ans. Shouting of children together, bursting of fire crackers, barking of dogs, noise made by machine, vehicles running on road. 5.State four harmful effects of noise to us? Ans. (1) The person may become irritated and short tempered. (2) No one can work peacefully in noisy atmosphere. (3) Prolonged exposer to noise may cause deafness. (4) The person may suffer from metal disorder. Q 4. State whether sound can be produces or not by the following events writing Yes or No: 1.Whirl of a fan [ NO ]

2.Falling down of a handkerchief 3.Falling down of a vessel 4.Clapping 5.Falling down of an electric bulb 6.Flapping of hair

[ NO ] [ Yes ] [ Yes ] [ Yes ] [ NO ]

Q 5. Due to vibration of what is the sound produced in the following musical instruments? Drum: vibration of stretched leather membrane. Tamburo: vibration of stretched string. Guitar: vibration of stretched string. Shennai : vibration of air. Flute: vibration due to air. Q 6. Define 1.Echo :

When sound comes back after striking with a large body. Such a sound, heard is called an echo. 2.Noise: Sound which we dont like to hear and has random vibration. Such a sound is called noise. Q 7. Explain giving scientific reasons: 1.Echoes are not heard in a small room. Ans. Because when sound is reflected by a nearby object ,it mixed with original sound and echo is not heard. 2.We cannot hear the explosions taking place on the sun. Ans. Because there is no air, there is vaccuum between sun and earth .so we cannot hear the explosion taking place on the sun.

16. ENERGY Q 1. Write the correct alternative from those given below each questions: 1. From where does the scooter get energy to run? C (a) Coal (b) Electricity (c) Petrol (d) Sun 2. What is the fundamental source of energy? D

(a) Coal (b) Electricity (c) Mineral oil (d) Sun 3. Which of the following energy source is exhaustible? B (a) Sun (b) Natural gas (c) Wind (d) Flowing water 4. Which source of energy should be used judiciously? A (a) Mineral water (b) Wind (c) Flowing water (d) Sun 5. Which of the following energy sources is inexhaustible? C (a) Coal (b) Mineral oil (c) Wind (d) Natural gas 6. Which device (appliance)is used to cook food using solar energy? B (a) Solar heater (b) Solar cooker (c) Solar furnace (d) Wind mill 7. From where do we get petroleum gases? C (a) Coal (b) Natural gas (c) Mineral oil (d) Wind 8. In what sequence does the flow of the energy occur? A

(a) Sun, plants, deer (b) Plants, tiger, deer (c) Plants, sun, deer (d) Sun, animals, plants 9. Which source of energy did a man use for the first time to cook the food? D (a) Coal (b) Mineral oil (c) Solar cooker (d) Wood 10. Whic h of the following is the energy source? D (a) Wind mill (b) Solar heater (c) Solar cooker (d) Flowing water

Q 2. Answer the following questions in very short: 1. What is energy? Ans. The capacity of doing work of any substance is called energy. 2. What is needed to get energy for the train?

Ans. Coal, diesel, and electricity is needed to get energy for the train. 3. From what do animals get energy? Ans. Animals gets energy from plants. 4. What does the sun gives us? Ans. The sun gives us heat and light. 5. In whose presence do the green plants prepare their food? Ans. The green plants prepare their food in the presence of sun light. 6. Which fuels can be used to cook the food? Ans. The food fuels like wood, coal, kerosene or cooking gas is required for cooking. 7. What are the fuels used to run vehicles? Ans. Petrol, diesel, and natural gas are used for running vehicles. 8. What are exhaustible sources of energy?

Ans. Wood, coal, kerosene, cooking gas, diesel, petrol, natural gas are exhaustible sources of energy. 9. What are inexhaustible sources of energy? Ans. Sun, wind, and flowing water are inexhaustible sources of energy. 10. Writ e names of two devices run by using solar energy. Ans. Solar heater and solar cooker are two devices run by using solar energy. 11. what work is solar heater useful to us? For

Ans. Solar heater is used for heating water by the use of solar energy. 12. Which source of energy is used in the solar cooker?

Ans. Solar energy is used in the solar cooker. Q 3. Answer the following questions in short: 1. Explain that energy is necessary to perform work. Ans. We all require energy continuously at every moment while working, playing in school, in house, small or big all use energy. Even when we are sleeping we require energy because our heart is continuously beating. The food in stomach digest, the breathing continues. Even non-living things require energy. 2. For what work we use the following sources of energy? Ans. kerosene: It is used for cooking food, for lighting lamps, and it is also used as fuel in jet plane. Coal: It is used as a fuel in cooking and Thermal power station.

Electricity: It is used to run various appliances. Wind: It is used to generate electricity, to dry clothes. Flowing water: It is used to generate electricity. Que3. Why the solar energy is called the fundamental source of energy? Ans. The vegetation prepares its food in the presence of sunlight. Vegetation provides food to animals. Animals like tiger, lion get the food by hunting other animals. We also get energy by eating the food and the world functions get on only this energy. So solar energy is called the fundamental source of energy. Q 4. Explain giving scientific reasons: 1. The life cycle of living things on the earth stops. If there is no sun.

Ans. The life cycle of living things on the earth stops because the sun rises every day morning and fill our earth by light and heat. The plants prepare their food in the presence of sun light and use it. We and other animals obtain energy by using vegetation as food. Some animals get their food by eating other animals and get energy. Thus all the activities occurring in the world require energy. And that energy directly or indirectly comes from the sun so if there is no sun. 2. We should make thoughtful use coal and mineral oil.. Ans. We should make thoughtful use coal and mineral oil because the stock of this energy sources in the earth is limited and their formation requires millions of years. If they are not used thoughtfully. They will be exhausted in near future.

Q 5. Classify the following energy sources into exhaustible source of energy: Exhaustible sources of energy: Petrol, coal, natural gas, diesel Inexhaustible sources of energy: Wind, sun, flowing water, biogas Q 6. Write the following statement with True and with False in the bracket given against each: 1. Coal is an exhaustible source of energy. [ True ] 2. Natural gas is an inexhaustible source of energy. [ False ] 3. We do not need energy at all when we are sleeping. [ False ]h 4. Plants prepare their own food using solar energy. [ True ] 5. Petrol is such a source of energy which will get exhausted in the near future. [ True ]

6. Solar heater is used to cook the food. [ False ]

17. WHO SIMPLIFIED OUR WORK? Q 1. Write the correct alternative from those given below each questions: 1. Which of the following simple machine is not a lever? A (a) Knife (b) Fork (c) Pair of pincers (d) Nut cracker 2. Which of the following simple machines is a lever? D (a) Jack (b) Sickle (c) Pulley (d) Scissors

3. What is the arrangement to lift the heavy load by applying less effort, arranging the rigid rod at the fulcrum known as? D (a) Wedge (b) Machine (c) Slope (d) Lever 4. What type of simple machine is a staircase? C (a) Lever (b) Screw (c) Slope (d) Wedge 5. What is used by the labourers to load the heavy things in the truck? B (a) Jack (b) Slope (c) Wheels (d) Pulley 6. What type of simple machine is a sickle? D (a) Lever (b) Slope (c) Screw (d) Wedge 7. Which is the most important invention among the inventions made by man? C (a) Lever (b) Pulley (c) Wheel (d) Jack 8. Which of the following is not a wedge? A (a) Scissors (b) Axe (c) Knife (d) Sickle

9. What is the rod on which the wheel is fixed called? A (a) Axle (b) Pulley (c) Wedge (d) Screw 10. In what is the common use of wheel and axle made? B (a) Toothed wheels (b) Pulley (c) Slope (d) Lever

Q 2. Answer the following questions in very short: 1. Which scientist had stated, If I am given a place to stand outside the earth and give me a strong rod, I can move the earth? Ans. Archimedics had stated, If I am given a place to stand outside the earth and give me a strong rod, I can move the earth.

2. What type of simple machine is a staircase? Ans. Staircase is a type of slope. 3. Which appliance is used to lift the truck while changing its tyres? Ans. A jack screw is used to lift the truck while changing its tyres. 4. For what work is screw used? Ans. Screw is used to fix heavy objects together. 5. Write names of four devices that work by using the principle of wedge. Ans. Knife, sickle, nail, axe are devices that work by using the principle of wedge. 6. What is the main characteristic of a wedge? Ans. The main characteristic of a wedge is that its one end is very

shar p and pointed. 7. Which is the most important invention among the inventions made by man in mechanics? Ans. Wheel is the most important invention among the inventions made by man in mechanics.

8. Write two names of instruments that use the toothed wheels. Ans. Clock and cycle are two instruments that use the toothed wheels. Q 3. Define: 1. Simple machine: A tool which makes our work easy, fast and effortless is called a simple machine.

2. Lever: A strong rod capable of free movement about a fix point is called a lever. Q 4. Answer the following questions in short: 1. List the simple machines used at home. Ans. Pair of tongs, pincers,knife, nut crackers, raw mango cutter, lemon squeezer, scissors, bottle opener, etc are the simple machines used at home. 2. How many types of simple machines are there? Which are they? Ans. There are six types of simple machines: Lever, inclined plane, screw, wedge, pulley, wheel and axle. 3. Write two uses of wheel. Ans. 1) wheel is used in vehicles. 2) In flour mill to grind grains. 3) By a potter to make earthen pots. 4. Give information about lever in brief. Ans.1] Lever is a simple machine.

2]A lever has a strong rod fixed at one point called fulcrum. 3] Using a lever we can make a lot of things simple for us,like lifting load, cutting metal wire, cracking nuts and wedging things etc. 4] Lever consists of three parts fulcrum, load , effort. 5. Give information about pulley in brief. Ans. 1] A pully has a wheel with a groved rim. 2] A rope , belt or chain passes around the grove. 3] There is an axle around the disc which rotates. 4] The disc is fixed to a block. 5] The end of the rope , belt or chain is attached to the load and we apply force at the other hand by pulling it.

6]The pulley makes it possible for us to draw water from the well and it is used in the machines in factories.

Q 5. Explain giving scientific reason: A sharp nail goes easily into wood compared to a blunt nail. Ans. A sharp nail goes easily into wood compared to a blunt nail because a sharp nail has two inclined planes which meet at a very sharp edge. So the sharp nail goes inside with a less effort where as in blunt nail the ends are not very sharp so it does not go inside very easily.

18. SCINCE AND EVERYDAY LIFE

Q 1. Write the correct alternative from those given below each questions: 1. Which of the following is not the vehicle for transportation? D (a) Scooter (b) Plane (c) Steamer (d) Telephone 2. Who discovered gravitational force? A (a) Newton (b) James watt (c) Varahmihir (d) Jagdish Chandra Bose 3. What is the force of attraction acting on the body by the earth called? B (a) Magnetic force (b) Gravitational force (c) Electromagnetic force (d) Force of repulsion 4. In which of the following device is steam energy not used? D (a) Railway steam engine (b) Steamer (c) Boiler (d) Car

5. Which of the following was Indian scientist? B (a) Newton (b) Varahmihir (c) James Watt (d) Madam Curie 6. Which scientist observed well, land and growing plants? D (a) Newton (b) James Watt (c) Jagdish Chandra Bose (d) Varahmihir 7. Which scientist had started the laboratory for printing and dyeing? B (a) Varahmihir (b) Tribhuvandas gajjar (c) Scientists of Europe (d) James watt 8. Who removed the black colour from the face of the statue of Queen Victoria in Mumbai? B (a) Varahmihir (b) Tribhuvandas Gajjar (c) Scientists of Europe (d) James watt 9. Of which two to three drops ignites potassium permanganate kept in a paper? B

(a) Petrol (b) Glycerine (c) Water (d) Soap solution 10. With what does soap solution give red colour? A (a) Turmeric (b) Glycerine (c) Potassium permanganate (d) Petrol

Q 2. Answer the following questions in very short: 1. What did Newton invent? Ans. Newton invented that there is some specific attractive force in the earth which keeps the substance attracted or dragged towards the earth. 2. What is gravitational force?

Ans. The attractive force with which the earth pulls every object towards itself is called gravitational force. 3. Which force is responsible for an apple to fall down from the tree? Ans. Gravitational force is responsible for an apple to fall down from the tree. 4. What did James Watt invent? Ans. James Watt invent steam engine. 5. What is underground water? Ans. The rain water gets percolated deep into the soil and is stored there. This is called underground water. 6. Which scientist gave the information about the place from where water would be available in abundant from the ground?

Ans. Varahmihir gave the information about the place from where water would be available in abundance from the ground. 7. Which medicine was invented by tribhuvandas Gajjar to cure plague? Ans. Tribhuvandas Gajjar invented iodine terchlodie to cure plague. 8. Which chemical catches fire when few drops of glycerine are added to it? Ans. Potassium permanganate chemical catches fire when few drops of glycerine are added to it.

9. What happens when wet turmeric powders is rubbed between the palms and wash the hand with soap? Ans. when wet turmeric powders are rubbed between the palms and wash the hand with soap red coloured water falls from the palms.

10. Who removed the blackened face of the statue of Victoria in Mumbai? Ans. Tribhuvandas Gajjar removed the blackened face of the statue of Victoria in Mumbai. Q 3. Answer the following questions in short: 1. What type of question arose in the mind of Newton when he saw an apple falling down from the apple tree in the garden? How did he get the answer of this questions: Ans. Certain questions arose in his mind. They were: 1) Why the apple fell downwards directly? 2) Why it did not remain suspended in the air ? 3) Why it did not go up ? 4)Why it did not move here and there ? On thinking for a long time on these questions and certain experiments that he had performed, he found that there is some specific attractive

force in the earth , which keeps the substance attracted towards the earth. Ans 2. Whenhe saw the lid moving up-down due to steam of boiling water in the kettle a question arose in his mind Why it happened ?So he discovered important theory that steam occupies more space than water.The kinetic energy of molecules in the hot steam increased and that forcibly pushes on the wall of the kettle and the lid of the kettle is thrown away. 3. What did Varahmihir discover ? Ans. Varahmihir for his whole life observed land and growing vegetation and found out that how much water is available depends on which trees,vegetation or animals like frog are present. 4. What qualities should you develop if you want to become a scientist ?

Ans . We can become a scientist by labour , enthusiasm , scientific attitude , hard working , logic power and determination power.

QUE . EXPERIMENT 1] write an experiment to show that light travels in a straight line. AIM:- To show that light travels in a straight line. APPARATUS AND MATERIALS :- Three card boards Of the same size , candle and a thin rod. FIGURE:METHOD :- 1]Take three cardboards of the same size. 2] Arrange them one over the other and make a hole in them. 3] Arrange the cardboards as shown in figure.

4] Make sure that the holes are in straight line By passing a thin rod through it. 5] Keep a lighted candle on one side. 6] Now try to see the flame through it. 7] Move any one cardboard slightly and try to See the flame again. OBSERVATION:1] The flame is seen if the holes are in the Straight line. 2] When any one of the cardboard is moved Slightly the flame of the candle cannot be Seen. RESULT:- This experiment proves that light travels in a straight line. EXPERIMENT-2

Write an experiment to show that air occupies space. AIM:- To show that air occupies space. APPARATUS:- Empty match-box , balloon, strings. FIGURE:METHOD:- 1] Take empty match-box . 2] Put as many balloons ,without blowing as Possible in the box. 3] Note the numbers of balloons after taking Them out. 4] Try to blow air in all the balloons. 5] Close the mouth of the balloons with string. 6] Try to put the blown balloons one by one in The match box and observe. OBSERVATION:-When the balloons were not blown We were able to put more than one balloons

In the match-box. But when we tried for one Blown balloon we cannot include it. RESULT:- This experiment proves that air occupies Space.

STD 5th Que . Fill in the blanks. 1 ] There are------------------ stars in the middle of the constellation Mriga. 2] Constellation ----------------- has the shape of the English letter W . 3] WE cannot see an object, even if our eyes are open in the absence of -------------------. 4]----------------- is the natural source of light . 5] In the olden times, people were getting an idea about----------- by using the natural events like sunrise , purnima etc.

6]The entire time from sunrise , sunset and again sunrise next day means -------------------. 7]On the dial of the watch the number from 1 to -------are written. 8]The motion of ------------------ is used in wrist watch instead of pendulum. 9] On ------------------ day the moon does not appear at all. 10] --------------- is the standard instrument to measure the length. 11] The length of a measuring tape used by a shopkeeper to measure the length of cloth is------------------------. 12] Length of the river is measured in -----------------. 13] Thickness of a glass is measured in ------------------. 14] The length of a footrule kept in the geometry box is --------------------. 15] The distance between celestial bodies is measured in the ------------. 16] -------------------- is used to measure the length of a prayer hall.

17] ---------------------- is a day on which moon appears full. 18] ----------------- and ----------------- units are used to measure a long span of time. 19] ---------------- fortnights make one month. 20] In an observatory, the time is estimated with the help of -------------------. 21] ----------------- is an artificial source of light. 22] Air occupies --------------------. 23] ------------------------- does not change its position. 24] ----------------------- is known as a hunter. 25] Pole star is visible in ----------------- direction. 26] The various irregular sounds mixed to gether at a time is called-----------------. 27] ------------ gives us heat and light. 28] ------------- energy is used in solar cooker. 29] ------------is used to fix heavy objects to gether. 30] ---------- is the most important invention among the inventions made by man in mechanics.

31] ----------- is used to lift a truck while changing its tyre. 32] James watt invented ---------------- . 33] Tribhuvandas Gajjar invented medicine to cure ---------------. 34] Paths to go up a hill are -----------------.