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A Case Study of the Eritrean Migration System from Eritrea to Israel

Karen Jacobsen, Sara Robinson and Laurie Lijnders
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 ( )
Published February 28, 2014 A Case Study of the Eritrean Migration System

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A Case Study of the Eritrean Migration System from Eritrea to Israel

Karen Jacobsen, Sara Robinson and Laurie Lijnders 1)
*

Each month thousands of men, women, and children flee Eritrea as a result of
grave violations of human rights committed by the Eritrean government.
Political oppression and religious persecution have led to the imprisonment or
disappearance of thousands of citizens, as well as mass flight. Travelling via
Sudan and Egypt, 36,000 Eritreans have made their way to Israel over the past
six years. Most have gone through a well-organized network of people
smugglers and human traffickers. Many initially contacted smugglers but were
later deceived, held hostage for large ransoms, and physically abused. Others
had no intention to come to Israel and were kidnapped in East Sudan to then be
sold to Sinai traffickers who also abused them while they were held hostage for
ransom. For the last two years, Israeli, Egyptian, and international human rights
organizations have reported that increasing numbers of Eritreans have
undergone severe torture and abuse while being held hostage for months at a
time in the Sinai. Human rights organizations have documented the brutality of
traffickers in the Sinai.1 Eritrean asylum seekers have testified to gang rape of
men and women, whipping, and various methods of torture, including burial in
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the sand, electric shocks, hanging by ones hands and legs, burning with hot-iron
bars, and prolonged exposure to the sun.
This paper seeks to expand our empirical knowledge by describing and
analysing the processes and actors, including Eritrean families both in the
diaspora and in Eritrea, involved in the transnational networks supporting and
enabling the smuggling and trafficking of Eritreans through the Sinai to Israel.
We focus only on the Sinai route, although migration from Eritrea also occurs
south to other parts of Africa, west through Sudan to Libya, and east across the
Red Sea. The Sinai route actors include smugglers from the Rishaida tribe in
East Sudan, Sudanese and Egyptian authorities, Bedouin smugglers in Egypt,
and Eritrean collaborators who work with the traffickers as intermediaries. It is
likely that similar smuggling and probably trafficking networks also exist for
these other migration routes.

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2006 / February 2014/ 2 -7

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