Prostaglandin E2

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the pharmaceutical agent 'dinoprostone'. For the drug 'dinoprost', see Prostaglandin F2alpha.

Prostaglandin E2

Systematic (IUPAC) name

(5Z,11,13E,15S)-7-[3-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxyoct-1-enyl)- 5-oxocyclopentyl] hept-5-enoic acid

Clinical data

AHFS/Drugs.com International Drug Names

MedlinePlus

a682512

Legal status

Identifiers

CAS number

363-24-6

ATC code

G02AD02

PubChem

CID 9691

IUPHAR ligand

1883

DrugBank

DB00917

ChEBI

CHEBI:15551

ChEMBL

CHEMBL548

Synonyms

(5Z,11,13E,15S)-11,15-Dihydroxy-9-oxo-prosta5,13-dien-1-oic acid

Chemical data

Formula

C20H32O5

Mol. mass

352.465 g/mol

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The naturally occurring prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 or PGE2) is known in medicine as dinoprostone. It has important effects in labour (softens cervix and causes uterine contraction) and also stimulates osteoblasts to release factors that stimulate bone resorption by osteoclasts. PGE2 is also the prostaglandin that ultimately induces fever. It is sold under the trade name of Cervidil (by Forest Laboratories, Inc.), Prostin E2 (by Pfizer Inc.), Propess (by Ferring Pharmaceuticals) andGlandin (by Nabiqasim Pharmaceuticals Pakistan) as a vaginal suppository, to prepare the cervix for labour; it is used to induce labour. Like other prostaglandins, dinoprostone can be used as an abortifacient. It is a direct vasodilator, relaxing smooth muscles, and it inhibits the release of noradrenaline from sympathetic nerve terminals. It does not inhibit platelet aggregation, where PGI2 does. It works by binding and activating the prostaglandin E2 receptor. It was discovered by Bunting, Gryglewski, Moncada and Vane in 1976. Up-regulation of PGE2 has been implicated as a possible etiology of nail clubbing.

It is also implicated in duct dependant congenital heart diseases and is used in infusion in order to open the duct. Precautions : uterine scar tissues; asthma; low blood pressure; heart disease; adrenal problems; anemia; diabetes; glaucoma; icterus (jaundice); multiparity (5 pregnancies); heart, lung or liver disease.

References[edit]
Pharmacology 2007. Rang, Ritter, Dale, Flower. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier. Judiths Hopfer Deglin and April Hazard Vallerand (2006), Davis Drug Guide for Nurses,F.A Davis, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A Copyright, 1427 pages.

External links[edit]

Dinoprostone - medlineplus.org Cervidil - Forest Laboratories, Inc. (the distributor of Cervidil). Prostin E2 - pfizer.com Cervidil/Prostin E2 - RxList.com What is Cervidil? - birthingnaturally.net. Cervidil/Prostin E2 - drugs.com

Prostaglandin E1
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Prostaglandin E1

Systematic (IUPAC) name

7-[(1R,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5oxocyclopentyl]heptanoic acid

Clinical data

MedlinePlus

a695022

Pregnancy cat.

C (US)

Legal status

Rx only Canada

Identifiers

CAS number

745-65-3

ATC code

C01EA01 G04BE01

PubChem

CID 149351

IUPHAR ligand

1882

DrugBank

DB00770

ChEMBL

CHEMBL495

Chemical data

Formula

C20H34O5

Mol. mass

354.481 g/mol

(what is this?) (verify)

Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), known pharmaceutically as alprostadil,[1] is a prostaglandin. It is a drug used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction[2]and has vasodilatory properties. In healthy humans, prostaglandin E1 is biosynthesized "on demand" at its intended site of action from dihomo--linolenic acid.
Contents
[hide]

1 Medical uses

o o o

1.1 Patent ductus arteriosus 1.2 Sexual dysfunction 1.3 Critical limb ischemia

2 Adverse effects 3 Pharmacokinetics 4 References

Medical uses[edit]
Patent ductus arteriosus[edit]
Alprostadil is also used in maintaining a patent ductus arteriosus in newborns. This is primarily useful when there is threat of premature closure of the ductus arteriosus in an infant with ductal-dependent congenital heart disease, including cyanotic lesions (e.g., pulmonary atresia/stenosis, tricuspid atresia/stenosis, transposition of the great arteries) and acyanotic lesions (e.g., coarctation of the aorta, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, critical aortic stenosis, interrupted aortic arch).

Sexual dysfunction[edit]
Alprostadil is sold in the United States as urethral suppositories and in injectable form. The suppositories are sold under the brand name MUSE.[3]The injectable forms are Edex[4] and Caverject.[5] Muse delivers alprostadil as a penile suppository, inserted into the urethra, at least ten minutes before the erection will be needed. Caverject and Edex are similarly fast-acting, but instead are injected by syringe directly into the corpus cavernosum of the penis. Alprostadil is also available as a generic. The major cost is that it must be mixed by a compounding pharmacy and supplies of alprostadil may be difficult to obtain. There are different formulations, including Bimix and Trimix, which may include papaverine and/or phentolamine. A typical mix might be 30 mg of papaverine, 2 mg of phentolamine, and 20 mcg alprostadil. As a generic, it is much less expensive than the pre-packaged injectables. It is premixed and must be kept refrigerated and the user must load a syringe with the quantity needed.

Critical limb ischemia[edit]

Alprostadil is also used for critical limb ischemia. It increases blood flow by peripheral vasodilation within 5 minutes and induces angiogenesis. It is most effective when the ankle pressure is at least 30 mmHg and at least one tibial artery is patent.

Adverse effects[edit]

Accidental injury ( Muse only) Apnea Bleeding:

Cerebral Urethral

Bradycardia Cardiac arrest Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) Cortical proliferation of long bones Diarrhea Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) Edema Fever Flushing Hyperemia Hypotension Injection-site haematoma Injection-site ecchymosis ( Caverject only) Pain:

Back Pelvic Penile Testicular (Muse only) Urethral

Prolonged erection Penile fibrosis Second-degree heart block

Seizures Sepsis Shock Spasm of right ventricle infundibulum Supraventricular tachycardia Tachycardia Ventricular fibrillation Urethral burning Uterine rupture

Pharmacokinetics[edit]
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References[edit]
1. Jump up^ Cawello W, Leonhardt A, Schweer H, Seyberth HW, Bonn R, Lomeli AL (September 1995). "Dose proportional pharmacokinetics of alprostadil (prostaglandin E1) in healthy volunteers following intravenous infusion". British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 40 (3): 273 6. PMC 1365109. PMID 8527291. 2. Jump up^ Harding LM, Adeniyi A, Everson R, Barker S, Ralph DJ, Baranowski AP (December 2002). "Comparison of a needle-free high-pressure injection system with needle-tipped injection of intracavernosal alprostadil for erectile dysfunction". International Journal of Impotence Research 14 (6): 498 501. doi:10.1038/sj.ijir.3900916. PMID 12494285. 3. 4. 5. Jump up^ "Muse Suppository - Facts and Comparisons". Drugs.com. Retrieved 4 January 2013. Jump up^ Edex - Facts and Comparisons Drugs.com Jump up^ Caverject - Facts and Comparisons Drugs.com